US2487345A - Mathematical drawing instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

602,186. Electric dryshavers. JAY, M. Sept. 10, 1945, Nos. 23303 and 23304. Convention dates, Sept. 13, 1944, and Aug. 2, 1945. [Class 131] An electric shaver for both shaving and cutting long hairs such as the moustache comprises a dome-shaped perforated guard 1 having completely around its periphery a ring 2 with slots 4 to form a comb. The guard 1 and ring 2 forming a unit are mounted on arms 5 forming part of a cage by which the head is secured to the body of the shaver. Two cutters 11 bear against the guard 1 and comb 2 and are mounted in inclined positions by means of arms comprising a member 14 pivoted on a transverse axis 17 and carrying another member 12 having a freely rotatable spindle with a ball head 16 which connects the cutter 11 to the member 12, a slot being formed in the member for the reception of the cutter 11 the arrangement being such that the cutter 11 adapts itself to the inner surface of the guard 1 being urged thereto by a spring 20 and centrifugal force. In operation the cutters 11 sweep over both the guard 1 and comb 2, a cylindrical cover 22 being provided to cover the comb 2 when it is not desired to cut long hairs the cover 22 being slidable on the arms 5. In a modification as shown in Fig. 3 the cutters 11 are not spring-urged but when not in operation rest on arms 24, centrifugal force urging the cutters 11 against the guard 1 when in operation. In addition these cutters do not reach the comb 2 two additional cutters 26 carried by arms 27 pivoted on a pivot 28 on the motor shaft, the arms 27 when the shaver is not in operation resting by means of slots 33 on the pivot pins 17 of the cutters 11, centrifugal force, when the shaver is in operation, causing the arms 27 to rise and consequently the cutters 26 to bear against the undersurface of the comb 2. As shown the cylindrical cover 22 may be retracted the distance X to uncover the comb 2 when it is desired to cut long hairs. By means of a ring 38 forming a cam a rod 41 may be caused to operate a switch when it is desired to operate the shaver on different voltages.

Description

Nov. 8, 1949 H. s. LIBER MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 1, 1946 Nov. 8, 1949 H. s. LlBER MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 1, 1946 M A rro QNEVS l/V Vf/VTOR A TTOR/VEYS H. S. LIBER 4 Sheet's-Sheet 3 Nov. 8, 1949 MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENT Filed Nov. 1, 1946 h Wm u Filed NOV. 1, 1.946

Nov. 8, 1949 H. s. LIBER 2,487,345

MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet 4- MWEA/TOA HEN Q] S [IL 5E2 M YWMQM Patented Nov. 8, 1949 UNITED STATES 2,487,345 MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENT Henri Sosthene Liber, Paris, France, assignor to Societe Civile dEtudes & Inventions Liber (S. E. I. L. I. 13.), Paris, France, a corporation of France Application November 1, 1946, Serial No. 707,110 In France February 17, 1945 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires February 17, 1965 2 Claims.

The orientable heads for drawing instruments which are known at the present time generally comprise a ring which is connected to the movable arms of the instrument and on which is rotatably mounted a support on which are fixed the drawing instruments and which the draughtsman can move into any desired angular position by means of a central operating knob.

An automatically acting bolt enables the support to be locked in predetermined positions, for example every ten or fifteen degrees; said bolt is moved into the retracted position by a first lever which, when released, allows the bolt to engage automatically as soon as the support, as it rotates, comes opposite one of the said predetermined positions. It is however advantageous to beable to neutralise completely said bolt and prevent it from engaging automatically so as to enable said support to rotate quite freely. This neutralisation is obtained by means of a second lever which looks the first. Finally, it should be possible when the bolt is neutralised, to be able to lock the support in any desired position; this locking is obtained by means of a shoe which acts by braking on the periphery of the ring and which is operated by a third lever.

It will be readily understood that the manipulation of such heads is comparatively delicate and inconvenient and that the draughtsman requires both his hands to effect it since in certain cases, he is obliged not only to rotate the support, but also to operate successively the three aforesaid levers, which are not very close to one another, or to the central control knob of the support.

The present invention enables an orientable head to be obtained which has the same properties as the present known heads, but the operation of which is much more convenient and can easily be effected with one hand.

The head according to the invention is essentially characterised by the fact that it comprises, for effecting the various above-mentioned operations, a single control member which is located in the immediate vicinity of the central control knob of the support and the operation of which in one direction produces: in a first phase, the disengagement of the bolt, with the possibility, however, for said bolt to return to its engaged position if the action stops on this member before it has gone beyond said first phase of movement; in a second phase, the neutralisation of said bolt which can then no longer engage; and finally, in a third and last phase, the locking of the support by means of the braking shoe, the bolt remaining neutralised, while the operation of this single control member in the opposite direction produces the reverse operations.

The draughtsman can then very easily, using only one hand, act on the central knob in order to orient the head and on the aforesaid member in 2 order to efiect the various locking and unlocking operations hereinbefore mentioned.

Other advantages and peculiarities of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description thereof made with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, diagrammatically and merely by way of example, an embodiment of the head according to the invention.

In said drawings:

Fig. 1 is a view in sectional elevation of said head.

Fig. 2 is the corresponding plan view, the case of the mechanismbeing assumed to have been removed.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show respectively an elevational view, a top plan view and a bottom plan view of one of the main parts of the mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a diagram representing the development over 360 of the two sets of cams of the mechanism.

Figs. 7 and 8 show a plan view which is very diagrammatic, of the retracting pawl in two different positions.

Fig. 9 shows an improvement.

Fig. 10 is a view of another embodiment of said head, in longitudinal section.

Fig. 11 is the corresponding plan view, the case of the mechanism being assumed to have been removed.

Fig. 12' is a perspective view of said mechanism.

Fig. 13 is a plan view on a smaller scale of the case forming a handle.

Fig. 14 is a plan view showing a modification of a detail of construction.

The head according to the invention comprises a ring I which is fixed on the movable arms (not shown) of the drawing instrument, by means for example of pins passing through holes 2 provided in said ring.

On said ring is rotatably mounted, by means for example of a central pivot 3, a support 4 on extensions 5 of which can be fixed the drawing instruments (not shown). On said support 4 is 45 fixed a case 6, the upper part of which forms an operating knob I enabling the support 4 to be rotated relatively to the ring.

On the case 6 is rotatably mounted a second knob 8 which is located in the immediate vicinity 0 of the knob l and which drives, as itrotates, by

means of claws 9 engaging in notches In, a sleeve ll shown in Figs. 3 to 5. Said sleeve can rotate on a fixed tube I2 secured to the support 4 through the intermediary of the support 36, and

55 inside which can slide longitudinally a bolt 13, the

lower end of which can project below the support- 36 and engage in one or the other of the perforations such as l4 provided for example every fifteen degrees in the ring I.

Said bolthas passing through it two pins l5 and I6, the ends of which pass through button- I hole slots ll of the pivot-tube I2 and project on either side of said tube (Fig. 2).

The upper pin I5 co-operateswith the upper face of the sleeve II which forms two diametrically opposite cams, the cross sectional shape Each of said of which is developed in Fig. 6. cams co-operates with one of the ends ofthe pin I5 and comprise a flat sunken in portion IB Isa, a slope I9I9a, and finally a raised'flat-portion -400,. The lower pin I6 co-operates in the same manner with the lower faceof the sleeve forming identical cams 2I-22-28; 2-1a--22a position by the flat faces iii- 126a of the lower cam a of the sleeve (Fig. 6). The bolt I3 is therefore held in its low position in which it is engaged in one of the perforations I4 and locks the support 4 in the corresponding position.

If the knob 8 is slightly rotated andconsequently the sleeve II, the slopes IS--I9a of the upper cam cause the bolt I3 to move upwards and become disengaged from the perforation I4 so that the draughtsman can rotate the support relatively to the ring. through which the sleeve II has rotated is less than that over which the slope extends and which is equal to the angle through which the sleeve has to rotate in order that the skirt 24 shall escape the action Of the retracting pawl 26 (compare Figs. 7 and 8), the bolt I3 will automatically engage in the first perforation I4 encountered during the rotation of the support, as soon as the draughtsman stops his action on the knob 8.

In fact, at this instant, the pawl 26 returns the sleeve to its inoperative positionand the slopes 22 -22a of the lower cam positivel control the downward movement of the pin I6.

On the other hand, if the draughtsman rotates the knob 8 further, the pin I5 reaches the raised fiat portions2020a o-f -theupper cam. Simultaneously the skirt 24 escapes the action of the pawl 26 (see=Fig. 8). Thebolt. IS-isthenneutralised, i..e. it islockedin its high. position and can no longer engage in a perforation I4, even .if all action on the'knob. 8 is stopped. The support 5 is completely free relatively to thering.

Means. are then provided to enableit to be locked inany desired position, thisbeing effected by rotating the knob 8 still further and still in;

the same direction. In. the example shown,.this result is obtained by means of atoothed-pinion 2l'a meshing with a pinion Elllwhich is prevented from. moving longitudinally and in :anaxial tap.- ping of which is screwed a threadedrodlfi which is prevented from rotating, and which carries at one of its lower ends a shoe Silthe heel3l of which is adapted to act. against. the lower peripheral face of the ring During the two first phases of the rotary movement of theknob B, the rotation of the, pinion 28 has simply; had. the effect of moving the shoe fit-BI towards the face of the ringwithout bringing it into contact with same. But, if the rotary movement of .said knob 8 is continued beyond saidtwo first phases, the

However, if the angle shoe 30-3I continues to move upwards and presses against the face of the ring, thereby looking the support 4.

When the knob 8 is operated in the opposite direction starting from this extreme locking position, it begins by releasing the shoe 303I, thereby releasing completely the support; if the movement is continued, the slopes 222 2a of the lower cam of the sleeve I I (Fig. 6) positively controlth'e downward movement of the bolt I 3, when it is located opposite a perforation I4.

Thus the draughtsman can very easily, with one hand; act on the central knob I in order to rotate-the support 4 and act on the adjacent knob 8 in order to control the various locking or unlocking operations hereinbefore mentioned.

It will be observed that it is only by way of example that a particular mechanism for carrying out the invention has been illustrated and described; any other equivalent mechanism could be adopted, the essential characteristic resting in the fact that the various operations which it is necessary to be able-to effect on the head are all controlled by a single member located in close proximity to the central operating knob.

The head which has just been described is provided, in the usual manner, with a graduation 32. marked on the ring I and. with which. co-operatesa pointer 33 carried-by the support 4. According to an advantageous characteristic of the present invention, there-is provided as shown in Fig. 9, a segment B-ilmade of Celluloid for example) which is fixed to one of the parts I or 4 and which: co-operates with a graduation carried by the other of said parts. Said segment does not carry any indelible. indication, but the draughtsman can mark thereon any indications he pleases. Iffor example he has to make a drawing of which a part requires the head-to be in the zero position, whereas another part requires said head to be displaced 20", he will make a. mark A opposite the zero graduation of the scale35 of the support 4 and a. mark Bopposite the 20? graduation. Subsequently, it will only be necessary for him, according to whether he has toeifect suchor sucha part of the drawing, to bring .the zero graduation of the scale 35 opposite the mark A or the mark 13.

In Figs. ll) to 14 another embodiment has been shown of the head according to the invention. According to this embodiment, the knob8 carries with it; as it rotates, the bolt I3b means of its claws 9 between which are engaged projections secured to saidbolt; said projections are also ongaged in notches 4i ofthe sleeve II so that-said sleeve is also carried round in the rotary movement of the knob 8. ,Said sleeve II is provided, on its lower face, with two diametrically opposite cam surfaces 22 and. 22a rotatably supported on the fixed tube I2, so that the beginning of the rotary movement of said sleeve (from its inoperative position Figs. 1%)" and 12), has the efiect of lifting same; the bolt I3'is carried along with this longitudinal upward movement by means of theprojections 4U. Said sleeve It carries, on the other handQa cam 43-which hasa cylindrical porticn no which is centred. on the. geometrical axis of the sleeve II and a portion 43b which extends eccentricall outwards. With said cam co-operatesthe upper arm Siiaofa shoe 3B which pivots at 3232) on the support-36 and the lower arm 380 of which is capable of engaging with the lower. lace-of the ring 3. The cam 43 terminates by a radial projection 44 which, inthe normal inoperative position, abuts against the arm 30a of the shoe 30 (Fig. 12); the sleeve II is retracted into this position by the spring-pressed pawl 26 acting on an edge 25 of said sleeve.

According to another characteristic of this embodiment, the case 6, instead of simply forming a central operating knob I, is extended at 611 (Fig. 13) and forms a regular handle which the draughtsman can grip firmly. The draughtsman can then very conveniently, with one hand, rotate the knob 6 and operate the head as he pleases.

In a general manner, the mechanism which has just been described operates in the same conditions as that of the embodiments of Figs. 1 to 9, i. e. in the following manner:

In the inoperative position (position shown in the drawing), a spring 45 (Fig. holds the bolt I3 and the sleeve II in their low position for which the lower end of said bolt is engaged in one of the perforations I-4, thereby locking the support 4 in the corresponding position. If the draughtsman rotates slightly the knob 8, the bolt I3 and the sleeve II are carried along with this movement; the slopes 42 of the sleeve II then cause a slight upward movement of said sleeve and of the bolt, said, bolt becomes disengaged from the perforation I4, so that the draughtsman, by acting on the handle 6a, can rotate the support 4 relatively to the ring I. However, if the angle through which the sleeve II has rotated is smaller than that through which it has to rotate for its edge 25 to escape the action of the retracting pawl 26, the bolt I3 will engage again automatically in the first perforation I4 encountered during the rotation of the support, if the draughtsman has stopped acting on the knob 8. In fact, at this instant, the pawl 26 returns the sleeve to its inoperative position.

On the other hand, if the draughtsman rotates the knob 8 further, the edge 25 escapes the action of the pawl 26. The bolt I3 is thus neutralised, i. e. it 'is locked in its high position and can no longer engage in a perforation I4, even if all action on the knob 8 stops. The support 4 is completely free relatively to the ring I.

During this angular displacement of the sleeve II, it is the cylindrical portion 43a of the cam 43 which has moved opposite the shoe 30 which in that case has not received any impulse. On the contrary, if the draughtsman rotates the knob 8 further, the eccentric portion 43b of said cam acts on said shoe 3i) and causes it to pivot in a clockwise direction. The lower arm 30c bears against the lower face of the ring I, thereby locking the support 4. v

When the knob 8 is operated in the opposite direction starting from this extreme locking position, it begins by releasing the shoe 30, thereby completely freeing the support; if the movement is continued, the sleeve II is finally returned to its inoperative position for which the bolt I3 engages in the first perforation I4 encountered.

In the example shown in Figs. 10 to 14, the ring I is not directly secured to the part 46 which is intended to be fixed on the movable arms (not shown) of the drawing instrument. The position of said ring can, on the contrary, be adjusted to a certain extent relatively to said part 46. This possibility of adjustment is obtained by means of a micrometer screw 41 engaged in a nut 48 carried by the part 46; the micrometer screw 41, when it is operated, produces the movement of a slider 49 secured to the ring I, which can pivot at 50 on the part 46. It will be immediately understood that when the screw 41 is rotated, the ring I is made to pivot relatively to the part 46 and, consequently, the angular adjustment of said ring relatively to said part is obtained. The locking of these two parts is obtained by means of a locking handle 5I.

In the modification shown in Fig. 14, this same result is obtained by means of a knob 52 rotating on the part 46 and secured to the eccentric 53a which controls the slider 53.

It is moreover obvious that the invention ha only been described and illustrated in an explanatory and non-limitative manner and that modifications of detail may be made therein without altering its essence.

I claim:

1. An orientable head for drawing instruments comprising a ring connected to the movable arms of the instrument, a support rotatably mounted on said ring and. on which are mounted the drawing instruments, a central knob for operating said support, an automatically engaging bolt for locking the support in predetermined positions, means for neutralising said bolt, a braking shoe for locking the support in any desired position, a single control member located in close proximity to said central knob and provided with a sleeve carrying a first set of cams provided with slopes which produce, at the beginning of the movement of said member in one direction, the upward movement of said bolt, and a second set of cams provided with slopes, which control the downward movement of said bolt at the end of the movement of said member in the opposite direction, the cams of the first set having, after said slopes, a raised fiat portion holding said bolt in the position of non-engagement,

a pinion secured to said sleeve, a second pinion phase of its movement (corresponding to theaction of the slopes of the first set of cams),

it is retracted by a spring-pressed pawl which automatically stops its retracting action when said member continues its movement beyond said first phase.

HENRI SOSTHENE LIBER.

' REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record-in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,394,344 Wallace Feb. 5, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 575,169 Germany Apr. 25, 1933

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