US2458034A - Mineral castor oil - Google Patents
Mineral castor oil Download PDFInfo
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- US2458034A US2458034A US711194A US71119446A US2458034A US 2458034 A US2458034 A US 2458034A US 711194 A US711194 A US 711194A US 71119446 A US71119446 A US 71119446A US 2458034 A US2458034 A US 2458034A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- soap
- mineral
- acid
- oils
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 35
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title description 35
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 title description 29
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 title description 19
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 title description 19
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 29
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N neral Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citral Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001245789 Goodea atripinnis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001505100 Succisa pratensis Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N citral A Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyloctadecanamide Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 oleic fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
Definitions
- mainframes ib-seaweed Hyde- ⁇ cabrrl oils land to the'i'ethodof preparing the saine,r andmore particularly relates to improved 'mineral "castor foils.
- f 1scr- ⁇ carniclK minerai easter ons are ⁇ hyd ⁇ mci ⁇ rbcs-n oils, ⁇ lsuch as 'petroleum ⁇ oil's 'containing 'dissolved orjdisperjsed therein fa Aloasiefalux'rlinum soap of ⁇ "a mener-fatty and, such as oleic "aiqstearic acid, ⁇ IJ'almitc acid, beieiiic acid, etc.
- the fini-'neral castor" oils are oils identied in the trade by their lng" yisoosities and are used mainly as lubricntsbfin equipment where high temperatures are not encountered.
- the foregoing 'objects can be attained by incorporating in mineral cas- ⁇ tor oils, particularly those containing a polyhydric alcohol, a small amount of a metal soap of a preferentially oil-:soluble sulfonic acid.
- the preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acids employed in accordance with the present invention are preferably those :obtained in the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, such as mineral or petroleum oils with strong, i. e. concentrated or fuming,
- y amount of the sulfonate sufficient ⁇ to ifnpatrto the mineral castor oil non-rubbery and non-c0- hesiye ⁇ properties need be employed, usually from about 0.005% ito about 2.0% by weight, and preferably from 'about'0;01 ⁇ % to about 1% by Weight of the ⁇ sul ⁇ for ⁇ 1 ⁇ ate is suicient.
- smallerrlarg'r amounts of thesulfonate can be eifiploye'd.
- the preferentially oil-soluble sulfonates employed in the present invention are sutably'those 20 'btaii'ie'ilf Tin thetratnt 'di lviscous 'petroleum l “ated and/l "fu Ing sulfur'ic @acid the treatment coilrietrole iio'ils with strong; i, ⁇ e.
- T li'ese preferentially o" "olubl'elfo'nic Ifacid's or the soapsl thereof, "b case of their characteristic "reddish-brown totliepet'rolem the acid sludge, with 60% alcohol.
- the crude sulfonic acid obtained can be further extracted with 80% alcohol to obtain a purified mahogany acid.
- the alkaline earth soaps for example the calcium soap of such purified mahogany acids, which have a molecular weight of about 430, are especially well suited for use in accordance with the present invention.
- alkali metal such as sodium soap of preferentially oil-soluble mahogany acids having a molecular weight of in the range of about 470-500.
- mineral castor oils of the type herein-described lowers the viscosity of the product and in addition produces a change in structure, whereby the rubbery and cohesive characteristics of conventional mineral castor oils are modied so that a stringy adhesive structure is obtained.
- the present invention is applicable to improve the properties of mineral castor oils in general, it is particularly effective in compounded mineral castor oils ⁇ cornprising aluminum soap, a small proportion of a polyh-ydric alcohol, and a major proportion of petroleum oil.
- Mineral castor oils having the following compositions in the following approximate proportions are illustrative of preferred embodiments of the invention:
- the polyhydricalcohols employed in the preparation of the mineral castor'oil include glycerine, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
- Any hydrocarbon oil ofl suitable viscosity can be used; usually mineral oils ranging in viscosity from about 70 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100 F. to about 210 seconds at 210 F. can be employed.
- the mineral castor oil improved by the hereindescribed invention may be prepared from the aluminum soap of fat or fatty acids which has been prepared by the double decomposition method, or it may be prepared from a soap made by direct saponication of a fatty acid with aluminum hydroxide, which is available in a reactive form known as gelatinous alumina.
- the fat or fatty acids are the higher molecular weight fat or fatty acids, such as oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, behenic acid, or commercial so-called animal fatty acids composed mainly of stearic, palmitic and oleic fatty acids.
- the following example illustrates a method of preparing a mineral castor oil of the herein-deto a mixer and the contents then agitated or stirred until a smooth paste is obtained.
- the paste is then heated to about 250-275 F. and maintained at this temperature until the soap is completely dissolved in the oil. If necessary, additional oil is graded in to lower the consistency of the base.
- the soap is uniform and smooth, the balance of the oil is added rapidly, while regulating the temperature so that the batch nishes at a temperature of .l80220 F.
- the present invention is not limited to mineral castor oils prepared by the above method, but is applicable to mineral castor oils prepared by other methods, such as for example mineral castor oils prepared by the method described in U. S. Patents 1,691,654 and 2,031,405.
- the mineral castor oil can also be prepared by a two-step method in which the first step comprises the manufacture of a base approximately 30 to 50% aluminum soap and the second step comprises compounding of the base with petroleum oil, and small amounts of the polyhydric alcohol and the oil-soluble sulfonate.
- the effect of the oil-soluble sulfonate on the structure of the mineral castor oil is illustrated ⁇ by the following data using as the control a mineral castor oil containing 5% aluminum stearate, 1% glycerin, and 94% of a petroleum oil having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. of 80 to 85 seconds.
- the effect of adding the mahogany soap is not merely one of lowering theV viscosity since this could readily be accomplished by a decrease in the percentage of aluminum stearate; the addition of the oil-soluble sulfonate is necessary to obtain the desired structural effect.
- the alkali metal or alkaline earth' soaps of preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acids can be used, we prefer to use the alkaline earth soaps of such sulfonic acidssince they lower the viscosity of the product to a lesser degree than do the alkali metal soaps of the sulfonic acids.
- the calcium soaps of mahogany acids having a molecular weight in the range of about 400 to 450 are preferred.
- Mineral castor oils of the present invention have much improved stability properties as illustrated by the data inthe following table.
- the controlused was a mineral castor oil comprising 5.0% aluminum stearate, 1.0% glycerine, and 95.0% petroleum oil having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at F. of 80-85 seconds.
- asphalt viscosity is thevscosity at 100 F. obtained on a Saybolt Viscometer using the sc-called asphalt tip.
- a mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 0.5% to about 15% of an aluminum soap, from about 0.05% to about of a polyhydric alcohol, and from about 0.005% to about 2% of a metal soap of a preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid.
- a mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 0.5% to about of an aluminum soap, from about 0.05% to about 5% of a polyhydric alcohol, and from about 0.005% to about 2% of an alkaline earth soap of a preferentially oilsoluble sulfonic acid derived from the treatment of petroleum oils with strong sulfuric acid.
- a mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 0.5% to about 15% of an aluminum soap, from about 0.05% to about 5% of a polyhydric alcohol, and from about 0.005% to about 2% of an alkali metal soap of a preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic'acid derived from the treatment of petroleum oils with strong sulfuric acid.
- a mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil from about 1% to about 12% of an aluminum soap, from about 0.25% to about 3% of a polyhydric alcohol and from about 0.025% -to about 1% of an alkali metal soap of a preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid.
- a mineral castor cil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 1% to about 12% of aluminum stearato, from 0.25 to about 3% glycerin and from about 0.025% to about 1% of a calcium soap of a mahogany acid having a molecular Weight of from about 400 to about 450.
- a mineral castor oil comprising, a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 1% to about 12% aluminum stearate, from about 0.25% to about 3% glycerin and from about 0.025% to about 1% of a sodium soap of a mahogany acid having a molecular weight of from about 470 to about 500.
- a mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a petroleum oil, from 2.5% to about 7% aluminum stearato, from 0.5% to about 1.4% glycerin, and from 0.05% to about 0.2% calcium mahogany soap.
- a mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 1 per cent to about l2 per cent of an aluminum soap, from about 0.25 per cent to about 3 percent of a polyhydric alcohol and from about 0.025 per cent to about 1 per cent of an alkaline earth soap of a preferentially loil-soluble sulfonic acid.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Patented Jan. 4, 1949 unirte Hamme d `12 claims.
, mainframes ib-seaweed Hyde- `cabrrl oils land to the'i'ethodof preparing the saine,r andmore particularly relates to improved 'mineral "castor foils.
f 1scr-{carniclK minerai easter ons are `hyd`mci`rbcs-n oils, `lsuch as 'petroleum `oil's 'containing 'dissolved orjdisperjsed therein fa Aloasiefalux'rlinum soap of `"a mener-fatty and, such as oleic "aiqstearic acid, `IJ'almitc acid, beieiiic acid, etc. The fini-'neral castor" oils, sometimes referred to as `-'castor"ina ciliineoils, are oils identied in the trade by their lng" yisoosities and are used mainly as lubricntsbfin equipment where high temperatures are not encountered. The viscosities of such oils `range vfr orn about *,100 secondsH-Sayboltl Uniyer'sfal grt-100 "EL lto about T000 seconds orfhigh'er at 210 These oils, characterized by their stringinsa are used` "primarily `for the lubrication 'of "bearings, differentials, and other iiriiiriigf l"iefrt`-5s of machinery `Where it is desirable to employ oils of l'iigh stability.` I n order `t'o 'stabilize "Vriiral 'c'as- :tdrloil's "against separation, `a small quantity of polyhydrio lalcohol 'is "incorporated 'in tl'ie edm"- "position A naaste-n mme @arnese 'gaap filigree@ ietolfntneinventionisfto provide meinen of "-fpreparing "an '-irripryed mineral castor "oil which i'sjnotjrubberyand cohesive and tvh'ichfposse improved flow charact'eristios.k Other objectsai'id advantages of the Ipresent invert-tid Will'become apparent from 'the following descr :on tlie'reof.
We have ydiscoyered that the foregoing 'objects can be attained by incorporating in mineral cas- `tor oils, particularly those containing a polyhydric alcohol, a small amount of a metal soap of a preferentially oil-:soluble sulfonic acid. The preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acids employed in accordance with the present invention are preferably those :obtained in the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, such as mineral or petroleum oils with strong, i. e. concentrated or fuming,
sulfuric acid. However, for the rpurpose hereindescribed, ,We can use other preferentially "oilsoluble sulf'or'io acids, such "fas `those "obtained by the sulfntiqnlofoienn polymers nayingfat Vleast but 22 carbon *atofmysin the molecule or lsul- 'i'ally toil-solubile si ref'ably the *alkali h so 15's ffeiionisii-Boi; t-lie isbdiurn, lpetal 'barium soaps thereof. y amount of the sulfonate, sufficient `to ifnpatrto the mineral castor oil non-rubbery and non-c0- hesiye` properties need be employed, usually from about 0.005% ito about 2.0% by weight, and preferably from 'about'0;01`% to about 1% by Weight of the `sul`for`1`ate is suicient. However, depending upon the aluminum soap content of the base 'and the viscsit'yof the oil used, smallerrlarg'r amounts of thesulfonate can be eifiploye'd. i
The preferentially oil-soluble sulfonates employed in the present invention are sutably'those 20 'btaii'ie'ilf Tin thetratnt 'di lviscous 'petroleum l "ated and/l "fu Ing sulfur'ic @acid the treatment coilrietrole iio'ils with strong; i,` e. `funding 'or icnitrat ulfric acid, 'tiro genral typsf s'iilfonic :ac s ie obtained; those which are preferentially oluble l*and recovered-from the iacid sliidgelayer, and those prefere'itiallyl oil-'soluble "and "robot/ered lprincipally 4"from the oil layer. `-Depending 'upon the cnditiosof separation, small amounts ofpref'- erentially oil-soluble sulionic acids are recoverable fron the v'acid sludge layer. The *sulfonic 'aoidsfaji'e recovered by eiitacting theaci'ddteated oil Witli about 60% alcohol, v"or "the s'ulfo'riic Vacids in tl'i'eoilZlayer can be neutralized and `the soaps vrecoye'red l from `the oil by ie'irtr'a'ction with alcohol. frire extracreufsuiforiie eres Y' suifonates can te further purified by further er; aerien with. alec- "hol ofbit'80% `s r gth. T li'ese preferentially o" "olubl'elfo'nic Ifacid's or the soapsl thereof, "b case of their characteristic "reddish-brown totliepet'rolem the acid sludge, with 60% alcohol. The crude sulfonic acid obtained can be further extracted with 80% alcohol to obtain a purified mahogany acid. The alkaline earth soaps, for example the calcium soap of such purified mahogany acids, which have a molecular weight of about 430, are especially well suited for use in accordance with the present invention.
Another suitable sulfonate found to be well suited for the present invention is the alkali metal, such as sodium soap of preferentially oil-soluble mahogany acids having a molecular weight of in the range of about 470-500.
The addition of such sulfonates to mineral castor oils of the type herein-described lowers the viscosity of the product and in addition produces a change in structure, whereby the rubbery and cohesive characteristics of conventional mineral castor oils are modied so that a stringy adhesive structure is obtained. While the present invention is applicable to improve the properties of mineral castor oils in general, it is particularly effective in compounded mineral castor oils `cornprising aluminum soap, a small proportion of a polyh-ydric alcohol, and a major proportion of petroleum oil. Mineral castor oils having the following compositions in the following approximate proportions are illustrative of preferred embodiments of the invention:
1 Weight percentages.
The polyhydricalcohols employed in the preparation of the mineral castor'oil include glycerine, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Other polyglycols or polygycerols, including the derivatives of polyhydric alcohols, may also be employed.
Any hydrocarbon oil ofl suitable viscosity can be used; usually mineral oils ranging in viscosity from about 70 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100 F. to about 210 seconds at 210 F. can be employed.
The mineral castor oil improved by the hereindescribed invention may be prepared from the aluminum soap of fat or fatty acids which has been prepared by the double decomposition method, or it may be prepared from a soap made by direct saponication of a fatty acid with aluminum hydroxide, which is available in a reactive form known as gelatinous alumina. As noted above, the fat or fatty acids are the higher molecular weight fat or fatty acids, such as oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, behenic acid, or commercial so-called animal fatty acids composed mainly of stearic, palmitic and oleic fatty acids. The following example illustrates a method of preparing a mineral castor oil of the herein-deto a mixer and the contents then agitated or stirred until a smooth paste is obtained. The paste is then heated to about 250-275 F. and maintained at this temperature until the soap is completely dissolved in the oil. If necessary, additional oil is graded in to lower the consistency of the base. When the soap is uniform and smooth, the balance of the oil is added rapidly, while regulating the temperature so that the batch nishes at a temperature of .l80220 F.
The present invention is not limited to mineral castor oils prepared by the above method, but is applicable to mineral castor oils prepared by other methods, such as for example mineral castor oils prepared by the method described in U. S. Patents 1,691,654 and 2,031,405. The mineral castor oil can also be prepared by a two-step method in which the first step comprises the manufacture of a base approximately 30 to 50% aluminum soap and the second step comprises compounding of the base with petroleum oil, and small amounts of the polyhydric alcohol and the oil-soluble sulfonate.
The effect of the oil-soluble sulfonate on the structure of the mineral castor oil is illustrated `by the following data using as the control a mineral castor oil containing 5% aluminum stearate, 1% glycerin, and 94% of a petroleum oil having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. of 80 to 85 seconds.
V.Asphalt Viscosity seconds A Control ---i 737 p Control-|-0.05% calcium mahogany soap 1 246 C0ntrol+0.05% sodium mahogany soap2 204 1 Molecular weight of acid-approximately 430. 2 Molecular weight of acid--approximately 470-500.
The effect of adding the mahogany soap is not merely one of lowering theV viscosity since this could readily be accomplished by a decrease in the percentage of aluminum stearate; the addition of the oil-soluble sulfonate is necessary to obtain the desired structural effect. While the alkali metal or alkaline earth' soaps of preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acids can be used, we prefer to use the alkaline earth soaps of such sulfonic acidssince they lower the viscosity of the product to a lesser degree than do the alkali metal soaps of the sulfonic acids. The calcium soaps of mahogany acids having a molecular weight in the range of about 400 to 450 are preferred.
Mineral castor oils of the present invention have much improved stability properties as illustrated by the data inthe following table. The controlused was a mineral castor oil comprising 5.0% aluminum stearate, 1.0% glycerine, and 95.0% petroleum oil having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at F. of 80-85 seconds.
Asphalt Viscosity at 100 I".
Samples any Soap The slight decrease in viscosity'of sample B upon aging is much more desirable andpreferable to the large increase in viscosity of sample A.
The ,following examples are illustrative of the two grades of mineral castor oils prepared in accordance with the present invention:
The percentages given herein and in the apN pended claims are Weight percentages unless otherwise specied.
The term asphalt viscosity is thevscosity at 100 F. obtained on a Saybolt Viscometer using the sc-called asphalt tip.
It is to be understood that the foregoing references to preferred embodiments of our invention are not to be considered as limiting but merely as illustrative o the generic invention and that many variations may be made Within the scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 0.5% to about 15% of an aluminum soap, from about 0.05% to about of a polyhydric alcohol, and from about 0.005% to about 2% of a metal soap of a preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid.
2. A mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 0.5% to about of an aluminum soap, from about 0.05% to about 5% of a polyhydric alcohol, and from about 0.005% to about 2% of an alkaline earth soap of a preferentially oilsoluble sulfonic acid derived from the treatment of petroleum oils with strong sulfuric acid.
3. A mineral castor oil as described in claim 2 in which the alkaline earth soap of the preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid is the calcium salt.
4. A mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 0.5% to about 15% of an aluminum soap, from about 0.05% to about 5% of a polyhydric alcohol, and from about 0.005% to about 2% of an alkali metal soap of a preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic'acid derived from the treatment of petroleum oils with strong sulfuric acid.
5. A mineral castor oil described in claim 4 in Which the alkali metal is sodium.
6. A mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil from about 1% to about 12% of an aluminum soap, from about 0.25% to about 3% of a polyhydric alcohol and from about 0.025% -to about 1% of an alkali metal soap of a preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid.
'7. A mineral castor oil described in claim 6 in which the polyhydric alcohol is glycerin and the alkali metal soap is a sodium soap.
8. A mineral castor oil described in claim 7 in which the polyhydric alcohol is glycerin and the alkaline earth soap is a calcium soap.
9. A mineral castor cil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 1% to about 12% of aluminum stearato, from 0.25 to about 3% glycerin and from about 0.025% to about 1% of a calcium soap of a mahogany acid having a molecular Weight of from about 400 to about 450.
10. A mineral castor oil comprising, a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 1% to about 12% aluminum stearate, from about 0.25% to about 3% glycerin and from about 0.025% to about 1% of a sodium soap of a mahogany acid having a molecular weight of from about 470 to about 500.
11. A mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a petroleum oil, from 2.5% to about 7% aluminum stearato, from 0.5% to about 1.4% glycerin, and from 0.05% to about 0.2% calcium mahogany soap.
12. A mineral castor oil comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 1 per cent to about l2 per cent of an aluminum soap, from about 0.25 per cent to about 3 percent of a polyhydric alcohol and from about 0.025 per cent to about 1 per cent of an alkaline earth soap of a preferentially loil-soluble sulfonic acid.
REUBEN A. SWENSON. ALFRED W. W'EITKAMP.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the nie of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,031,405 Blount Feb. 18, 1936 2,308,116 Silverman Jan. 12, 1943 2,394,790 Liehe Feb. 12, 1946
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US711194A US2458034A (en) | 1946-11-20 | 1946-11-20 | Mineral castor oil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US711194A US2458034A (en) | 1946-11-20 | 1946-11-20 | Mineral castor oil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2458034A true US2458034A (en) | 1949-01-04 |
Family
ID=24857126
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US711194A Expired - Lifetime US2458034A (en) | 1946-11-20 | 1946-11-20 | Mineral castor oil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2458034A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2596843A (en) * | 1949-12-31 | 1952-05-13 | Stanolind Oil & Gas Co | Fracturing formations in wells |
| US2596844A (en) * | 1949-12-31 | 1952-05-13 | Stanolind Oil & Gas Co | Treatment of wells |
| US2698834A (en) * | 1952-10-08 | 1955-01-04 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant for protection and preservation of automotive tires and wheels |
| DE923029C (en) * | 1951-03-29 | 1955-01-31 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Process for the production of a lubricating grease resistant to high pressure and high temperatures |
| US2962440A (en) * | 1960-11-29 | Production of a smooth |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2031405A (en) * | 1933-07-22 | 1936-02-18 | Union Oil Co | Castor machine oils |
| US2308116A (en) * | 1940-07-11 | 1943-01-12 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Pour point depressant for lubricating oils |
| US2394790A (en) * | 1942-05-29 | 1946-02-12 | Standard Oil Co | Greases |
-
1946
- 1946-11-20 US US711194A patent/US2458034A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2031405A (en) * | 1933-07-22 | 1936-02-18 | Union Oil Co | Castor machine oils |
| US2308116A (en) * | 1940-07-11 | 1943-01-12 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Pour point depressant for lubricating oils |
| US2394790A (en) * | 1942-05-29 | 1946-02-12 | Standard Oil Co | Greases |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2962440A (en) * | 1960-11-29 | Production of a smooth | ||
| US2596843A (en) * | 1949-12-31 | 1952-05-13 | Stanolind Oil & Gas Co | Fracturing formations in wells |
| US2596844A (en) * | 1949-12-31 | 1952-05-13 | Stanolind Oil & Gas Co | Treatment of wells |
| DE923029C (en) * | 1951-03-29 | 1955-01-31 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Process for the production of a lubricating grease resistant to high pressure and high temperatures |
| US2698834A (en) * | 1952-10-08 | 1955-01-04 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant for protection and preservation of automotive tires and wheels |
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