US2335691A - Method of preparing diolefins - Google Patents

Description

catalysts include HCI,

Patented Nov. 30, 1943 2,335,691 METHOD OF PREPARING DIOLEFINS Henry 0. Mottern, Elisabeth, N. 1., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Jasco, Incorporated, a

corporation of No Drawing. Application December 20, 1940,

Serial No. 370,966

15 Claims.

The present invention involves a process for the conversion of aliphatic mono-olefins to conjugated dioleflns.

Diolefins have previously been prepared by such methods as the dehydration of the corresponding glycol or unsaturated alcohol, the dehydrochlorination of corresponding dichloride or unsaturated chloride, and the dehydrogenation of mono-olefinic or parafilnic hydrocarbon. Other methods have also been used, but they are rather involved and uneconomical; also, in most cases, they are not applicable to the production of all conjugated diolefins. The method of the present invention is applicable not only to the synthesis of diolefins available by other chemical methods, but also to the preparation of conjugated diolefins which have not heretofore been synthesized by any method.

According to the present invention, conjugated diolefinsare prepared by a process involving the condensation of aliphatic mono-olefins with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid-reacting catalyst of between 10 and 85% acid concentration, diluting the reaction mixture containing the condensate with water until the acid concentration has been brought below and then steam-distilling to recover the conjugated diene.

Olefinic materials suitable for use in the proces of the present invention are such olefins as propylene, isobutylene, butene-l, butene-2, trimethylethylene, methylethylethylene, pentene-2, cyclo hexene, etc. Also, mixtures of oleflns and paraffinic hydrocarbon may be used.

The aldehydes used in carrying out the process of this invention may be aliphatic, such as formaldehyde (formalin), acetaldehyde, and propion aldehyde, or any compound such as polymers of aldehyde, e. g paraformaldehyde (trioxymethylene) which will decompose to yield an aldehyde under the reaction conditions, can

- be used as the aldehyde portion of the feed.

Catalysts which are effective in promoting the reactions involved in this invention are acidic in character, such as the mineral acids, strong organic acids and mineral acid-acting compounds (e. g., mineral acid-acting salts), and

othersubstances which are capable of acting as mineral acids in the presence of water or under the conditions of the reaction.

H2804, HNOa, HBr. HzPO4, B28201, HPOa, HiPao-z, HF, CISOaH, FSOsH, silicotungstic acid, fiuosilicic acid, and the like. The following mineral acid-acting salt catalysts may be mentioned: FeCls, ZnClz, ZnSO-r, AlCla, Fe:(SO4):, NaHSOs, AlflSOds,

Mineral acid NaI-IzPO4, etc. Illustrative of the compounds which form acids with water and which may be used in the presence 01 water and catalyst for the reaction are $0 012, SOCla, SOBrs, $02, $293, N203, NOCI, Pqla, PCls, POC13, and C12.

Strong organic acids of the same relative acidity may be substituted for the inorganic acids or inorganic acid salt as catalyst in the reaction.

In the first stage in the process of this invention, olefins andaldehydes are condensed in the presence of catalyst solutions of between 10 and concentration at temperatures and pressures capable of maintaining an appreciable concentration of olefin in the reaction mixture. In the-reaction, the mol ratio of formaldehyde to olefin is preferably kept at 2 mols or more formaldehyde per mol of olefin, but, the maintenance of this ratio is not requisite since the reaction proceeds according to the 2:1 ratio regardless of the preponderance of one or the other reactants. There are preferred acid concentration ranges for the various types of olefins as, for example, primary olefins require acids of from 50% to 85% concentration for the reaction, that is, using propylene, 83% acid is quite satisfactory at room temperature. The more reactive secondary and tertiary olefins require a correspondingly more dilute acid in order to prevent polymerization of the original olefin and esterification and polymerization of the products, thus isobutylene can be reacted with 10-40% acidand butene-2 with 40-60% acid. The reaction may be brought about by passing an olefin, mixtures of olefins or mixtures of olefins and saturated hydrocarbons, either in liquid or vapor state, into a slurry of aldehyde, such as paraformaldehyde, in sufflcient liquid catalyst to make the mixture fluid, or the aldehyde can be suspended in a high boiling inert diluent, such as saturated hydrocarbon, white oil with the catalyst added thereto, and the olefins passed into this mixture. Room temperature or slightly above is the preferred temperature. However, the reaction may be speeded up by increases in temperature. The

best results are obtained by carefully selecting both temperature and acid strength for the particular olefin employed. The time of reaction varies with acid strength and temperature, and may take from a few minutes to several hours. When the reaction is completed, which is indicated by a slowly dropping temperature or complete solution of the aldehyde where a solid form of aldehyde has been used, the reaction mixture is diluted with sufllcient water to bring the acid of from 1 to concentration of the catalyst to within the range The mixture is then steamdistilled and the diolefin with some water collected as a distillate. The distillate forms two layers the lower of which is water and the upper diolefins. The diolefin is removed by decantation, dried over a dehydrating salt such as potassium carbonate and purified by redistillation.

Representative examples of conjugated diole-' fins which can be prepared by the process of the.

Example 103 parts by'weight of 20% sulfuric acid, 240 parts by weight of paraformaidehyde, and 224 parts by weight of isobutylene were reacted for 8 hours in a pressure vessel equipped with a mechanical agitator. i The mixture was then conveyed into a distilling tower where it was diluted with 500 parts by weight of water and then steam-distilled with open steam. The distillate boiling up to 38 C. was collected. The

distillate on standing formed two layers, the

upper of which was removed, dried over potassium carbonate, filtered to remove the potassium carbonate and the filtrate redistilled, yielding 13 parts by weight of 2-methyl butadiene-1,3.

What is claimed is:

1. A process for the production of conjugated diolefins which comprises condensing an olefin of at least 3 carbon atoms with formaldehyde in the presence of an aqueous acid-acting catalyst of from to 85% acid concentration, diluting the reacted masswith suflieient water to yield a mixture containing an aqueous acid? reacting catalyst of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

2. A process for the production of conjugated diolefins which comprises condensing a primary olefin with an aldehyde in the presence of an aqueous acid-acting catalyst of from 50% to 85% acid concentration, diluting the reacted mass with sufficient water to yield a mixture aqueous sulfuric acid of from 50% to 85% acid concentration, diluting the reacted mass with suilicient water to yield a mixture containing aqueous sulfuric acid of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

'7. A process for the production of conjugated diolefins which comprises condensing a secondary olefin with an aldehyde in the presence of aqueous sulfuric acid of from 40% to 60% acid concentration, diluting the reacted mass with sufficient water to yield a mixture containing aqueous sulfuric acid of from 1% to 5% acid concontaining an aqueous acid-reacting catalyst of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

3. A process for the production'of conjugated V from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

4. A process for the production of conjugated diolefins which comprises condensing a tertiary olefin with an aldehydev in the presence of an aqueous acid-acting catalyst of from 10% to 40% acid concentration, diluting the reacted mass with sufficient water to yield a mixture containing an aqueous acid-reacting catalyst of centration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

8. A process for the production of conjugated diolefins which comprises condensing a tertiary olefin with an aldehyde in the presence of aqueous sulfuric acid of from 10% to 40% acid concentratiomdiluting the reacted mass with sufficient water to yield a mixture containing aqueous sulfuric acid of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

9. A process for the production of conjugated diolefins which comprises condensing a primary olefin with formaldehyde in the presence of an aqueous acid-reacting catalyst of from to 85% acid' concentration, diluting the reacted mass with sufiicient water to yield a mixture containing an aqueous acid-reacting catalyst of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

10. A process for the production of conjugated diolefins which comprises condensing a secondary olefinv with formaldehyde in the presence of an aqueous acid-acting catalyst of from 40% to acid concentration, diluting the reacted mass with sufficient water to yield a mixture containing an aqueous acid-reacting catalyst of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins. c

11. A process for the production'of conjugated diolefins whichcomprises condensing a tertiary olefin with formaldehyde in the presence of. an I aqueous acid-acting catalyst of from 10% to 40% acid concentration, diluting the reacted mass with sufiicient water to yield a mixture containing an aqueous acid-reacting catalyst of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

12. A process for the production of a conju' I gated diolefin which comprises condensing, isobutylenevwith an aldehyde in the presence of an aqueous acid-reacting catalyst of from 10% to z 40% acid concentration, diluting the reacted mass with sufficient water to yield a mixture containing an aqueous acid-reacting catalyst'of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

13. A process for theproduction of 2-methylbutadiene-1,3 which comprises condensing isobutylene with formaldehyde in the presence of an aqueous acid-acting catalyst or from 10% to 40% acid concentration, diluting the reacted mass with sufiicient water to yield a mixture containing an aqueous acid-reacting catalyst of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the 2-methylbutadie'ne-L3.

14. A process for the production or Z-methylbutadiene-L3 which comprises condensing isobutylene with formaldehyde in the presence of sumcient water to yield a mixture containing aqueous sulfuric acid of from 1% to 5% acid concentration and distilling to recover the diolefins.

20% aqueous sulfuric acid, diluting the reacted mass with sufllcient water to yield a mixture containing aqueous sulfuric acid of 5% acid concenaqueous sulfuric acid of from 10% to 40% acid 10 tratlon and distilling to recover the dioleflns.

concentration, diluting the reacted mass with HENRY O. MOTIERN.