US2327565A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 24, 1943. N. P. sHERwooD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 21, 1941 mvEN roR /4 r roRA/fy lillllllllllllil Noble P. Shervyqcl BY n f7@ Patented Aug. 24, 1943 INTERNAL coMUsrIoN ENGINE Noble P. Sherwood, Dallas, Tex., assignor toV Heuschober Engineering Corporation, Fort W Orth, Tex.

Application November 21, 1941, `Serial No. 420,001

(Cl. 12S- 75) 5 claims.

This invention relates to internal Vcombustion engines of the reciprocating type and in such connection it relates more particularly to the construction hereinafter shown and described.

One of the objects of the invention is the provision of a simple and inexpensive supercharged -cycle internal combustion engine designed to be operated on either compression igni-` tion orspark ignition. In the construction of the engine hereinafter described in detail, the piston of the combustion chamber also provides a means for pressure supercharging.-

Another object of the invention is the provision of means for a morel thorough scavenging than any l-cycle engine not equipped with separate scavenging pump. y

A further advantage of the invention is that the piston operation does not set up pressure in the crank case oi the engine.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a perusal of the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, and in the drawing: Y

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional View of an internal combustion engine embodying the invention;

Figure 2 is a similar view to that of Figure 1,

but on a smaller scale and illustrating a modification thereof; and Y Figure 3 is a vertical sectional View of the invention on the same scale as that of Figure 2,

In accordance with the'several views of the y drawing, the engine consistsof a cylinder Iwhich is bolted or otherwise secured to its crank-case 2. The crank-case 2 is provided with a crankshaft 3 which is operatively carried therein in the conventional manner. A piston 4 is sldably disposed in the cylinder I and operatively-connected to the crank-shaft 3 by means of a crankarm 5. The piston 4 is provided with a relatively long skirt 4a and. the crank-arm E is disposed in the lower portion of the skirt of the piston, and connected thereto by a pin `(i. This arrangement of the pin 6 in the skirt of the piston Il, permits the` use of a disk 8 within the skirt of the piston and which serves as the base for an auxiliary chamberv 1, the chamber being formed between the piston head and the disk $2 and within the connes of the piston skirt lla.

'I'he disk or partition 8 is rigidly held in position within the walls of the skirt lI-a by means of a plurality of arms 9 (only one of which is shown in Fig. 1) the lower ends of these arms projecting out of the crank-case end of the cylinder I and beingsecured to some portion of the crank-case 2 of the engine or cylinder block, such as shown in Figure l. 'I'hesearms 9 may be so arranged that they will not hinder the swing or movement of the crank-arm 5 during operation of the engine.v In the construction shown the arms 9 are so formed as to extend through a slot Ii) in the end of the cylinder I. The top. of thedisk 8 may be so formed relative to the under-side of the piston 4 as to permit the piston to perform its maximum stroke without engaging the disk 8. This arrangement of the piston and disk permits the head ofthe piston to serve as a. partition between the disk and the combustion end of the cylinder I. When the piston `tis reciprocated in the cylinder, itlintermittently forms two chambers in the cylinder I, i. e., the combustion chamber II and the auxiliarynchamber 'L InV order to utilize the advantage gained by the provision of the auxiliary chamber 1, the skirt --a of the piston l has placed therein a` number of yopenings I2,4which serve as intake portsy for the chamber l. The cylinder I' is cast with an intake opening I3 which is positioned so as to register with the auxiliary chamof the piston skirt ll-a, and into kthe chamberr 1, formed as previously explained by the space between the piston head and the disk .with the walls of the skirt. When the piston head travels towards the disk 8, the pressure is reversed.

The cylinder block is so cast as to provide a chamber IQ which serves as a super-charging chamber for the engine. Figures 1 and 2 show the chamber I4 disposed above the intake port `I3 and made as an integral part of the cylinder casting. The base of this casting is provided with an intake passage I5, which contains a cylindrical type of valve I6, or a rotary type of valve Iii-a, as shown in Figure 1. Either form of this valve functions to open and close the port I3, controlling the passage of air therethrough. The form of valve I6 may be made similar to a piston type of valve having a body portion I 'I and a-rigid stem I8. In this form of valve construction and as shown in Figures 2 and 3, angair passage I9 is `interposed between the intake passage I5 `and the lower end of the chamber I4. One end of the piston-type valve I6 seats in the air passage I5 and the other end of the valve seats in the lower end of the chamber I4. The valve I6 is so formed lthat its body portion I'I projects through the air passage I9 and it is positioned, relative to the seats of the chamber I4 and the passage I5, so that it will intermittently open and close the openings thereof. The valve I5 may be timed so that air' may be intermittently drawn into the chamber 'I and then forced into the chamber I4.

The rotary-type of valve I6-a, shown in Figure 1, serves the same purpose as the valve construction I6, but in the operation of the Valve It-a, it may be driven by gears or aftrain of gears, by means of a chain A and the sprockets B and C. The gear C is supported on the crankshaft 3 and the gears B andC are of such diameters as to drive the rotary valve IS-aat onehalf crank-shaft speed, and in timed relation with the opening Vand closing of the intake port I3 and air passage I5. i

The head 2li ofthe cylinder block o-r casting may be secured to the cylinder I inthe conventional manner. This head consists of an injector 2|, an` exhaust valve 22, and an intake valve 23. l.Eachof these valves, as well as the valve I6, may be constructed similar to the conventional type of valves used in internal combustion engines and actuated 7by, a cam shaft or cam shaftsthat are geared to the crank-shaft 3 of the engine, in connection with the stern or stems I 8. vIt is obvious that the head of the engine may also beprovided with glow plugs, spark plugs, and other units used-in engines (not shown.) The intake valve 23 of the head 20 is positioned so as to seat in the passage of the air'fromthe chamber I4 to thecombustion chamber I I of the engine.

In Figure 3 is illustrated a further modification of the invention, in which the Vinitial intake -of air to the auxiliary chamber I4 is disposed on the opposite side of the cylinder I relative to the chamber I4. This .variation in the structure necessitates the use of an intake valve 26 which is not an vintegral part of the valve I5, as shown in Figure 2. on the side of the cylinder I and `provided with a lateral port 28 which registers with a plurality of openings 29 whichrare provided in the jacket or skirt of the piston 4. This chamber 21 is provided with an adjustable piston 30 which may be moved to vary the capacity of the chamber 2l. When the piston 4 is moved from the disk 8. air will pass `through the valve 26 and into the auxiliary chamber 1. When the piston travels in the reverse. direction, air will be forced out of the chamber 1, through the ports I2, I3, into passage I9, through valve I6 and into the chamber I4.

The base of the chamber I4, in this `form of variation is formedv so that the stem of the valve IB passes through the passage. Iand the valve I6 is openedY only when the piston 4 is on its downward stroke. By placing the initial intake valve regulating the pressure lto the chamber 'I- engine by retaining part of the mixture in cham- An intake chamber 2'I is formed may be threaded and a nut 33 screwed thereonv and against the cap 3| for holding the piston 30 in the desired position in the chamber 21..

In addition to the intake chamber 21 with its i piston 30 there is also placed o-n the wall of the chamber I4 a small cylinder 34 with a piston 35 for controlling the volume of cylinder I4. These elements may also be used with the construction of engine shown in Figure 1.

While the disclosure presents a practical working embodiment of an internal combustion engine embodying the invention, including the variations shown, it is to hek understoodthat the structure'may be further modified in keeping with the inventive thought. thereof, and which modications would be within the scope and meaning of the claims appended hereto.

y What is claimed is:

Vl. A four-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a reciprocating piston therein, said piston including a'skirt portion, a stationary member disposed within the skirt portion of said piston and adapted to form an auxiliary chamber within said skirt portion, ports disposed in the skirt portion of said piston and said cylinder for passage of air into said auxiliary chamber, a container disposed in operative relation with said cylinder, means for directing said air from said auxiliary chamber into said container, and means for releasing said air from said 4container into said cylinder whereby the air will supercharge said `cylinder for soave enging and combustion purposes.

2. A four-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a reciprocating pisf ton therein, said piston having a uniform hollow extension open at one end, a member rigidly disposed in the extension of said piston and adapted to form an auxiliary chamber in said piston,

a container operatively disposed relative to-said v 'cylinder, and ports and valves operatively 'disposed relative to said cylinder, auxiliary chainber and the container, whereby the movement of said piston will function to take in amedium into said auxiliary chamber, compress said me- 4dium into said container, and then admit the medium into'said cylinder for combustion purposes.

3. A four-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a reciprocating piston operatively disposed therein, said piston having a hollow skirt, a stationary member within the skirt of the piston, the skirt of said piston being adapted to telesco-pe over the stationary der for combustion purposes; including meansv for adjusting the Volume of said second cylinder to regulate the scavenging and chargingpressure thereof. Y

4. A four-cycle internal combustion engine as Wall of the piston skirt adjacent the chamber.

5. A four-cycle internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 3, wherein said stationary member is adapted to be mounted rigidly to either the crank-case or to an extension of the cylinder block of the engine.

NOBLE P. SHERWOOD.

Images