US2326913A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

, Aug. 17,-1943. E. ALLSTADT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 8, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 8 a? 8 8 O I vmv I I o IIIM. q n I a .14 MI 3 1 |d+I 3 av am a2 I 5 n 5 O I:..,. .Q I N 8? N an m n E 0 3w 3: I I O N ,3 I I $5 0 MHEI x, I m II no I I VIM. U 5. m up -v x O.

5M v O I 3 i Y Aiforney Aug. 17, 1943. ALLSTADT 2,326,913

I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 8, 1940 2 Sheets -Sheet 2 Attorney Patented Aug. 17, 1943 trap sates PATENT orucs 2,326,913 mTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Erich Allstiidt, Frankfort-on-the-Main,

; vested in the Alien Property Custodian Ger- Application August s, 1940, Serial No. 351,815

. In Germany August 17, 1939 Giaims.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, and more particularly in engines of the type in which in radially arranged cylinders pairs of pistons are mounted for reciprocating in opposite directions, the outer and inner pistons being connected respectively to common power transmission mechanisms. In

' engines of this type such as are now in use the outer power transmission mechanism is in the form of a cam way controlling the strokes of the outer pistons, and the said cam way is engaged by rollers carried by the said outer pistons. In such constructions the number of revolutions of the said rollers is exceedingly high, and it is a multiple of the number of revolutions of the crank shaft, the said number of revolutions being at an inverse ratio to the diameters of the rollers and the cam way. Therefore, the friction of therollers rolling on the cam way and the rollers on their pivot bolts is high.

One of the objects of the improvements is to provide an engine ofthe type indicated in which the power transmission mechanism cooperating with the outer pistons is in the form of a ring having oscillating movement relatively to the set of cylinders. the ring is comparatively small, and therefore the resistance caused by the movement of the pistons with flanges embracing a cylindrical casing in which the said cylinders are mounted. Other objects of the improvements will appear from the following description. For the purpose of explaining the invention several examples embodying the same have been shown in the accompanying drawings in which the same reference characters have been used in all the views to indicate corresponding parts. In said drawings,

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation comprising a frame or casing in which the cylinders are mounted, and which is fixed to a suitable support,

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation similar to the one illustrated in Fig. 1 and showing a modification in which the said frame 'or casing carrying the cylinders is rotatably mounted, and

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation taken on the line 6-4 of Fig. 3.

In the example shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the internal combustion engine mainly consists of three elements, viz. a frame or casing i carrying the working cylinders and the pistons mounted therein, a ring or casing 2 controlling the reciprocating movements of the outer pistons and providing a part of a compressor, and a shaft 3, which -as shown is a crank shaft. The axis Y of the ring or casing 2 is eccentric to the axis X of the frame or casing i, and the axis Z of the crank of the shaft 3 is eccentric to the axes X and Y.

In the example shown in the figures the frame I carries a four working cylinders ia, db, ic and dd arranged star-like relatively to the axis X of the casing l, and displaced' relatively to one another at angles of 90. Within the said cylinders outer pistons 50., 5b, 5c and 5d and inner pistons Ea, ib, lo and id are mounted, and the outer pistons are connected by connecting rods The said oscillating movement of ta, 6b, 6c and tel with the ring or casing 2. The inner or working pistons la, lb, Sc and. 7d are connected by connecting rods 8a, 8b, 8c and 8:1 with the crank shaft 3.

Preferably theindividual engines are of the explosion type, and fuel is injected into the same through injection nozzle 9 connected by pipes ill with a fuel pump H. Fuel pumps suitable in my improved machine are known in the art and therefore I deem it sufiicient to show the same in a diagrammatical way.

Between the cylinders and their pistons radi-' ally movable pistons i211, I212, E20 and I2d are mounted wln'ch are jointed tov the ring or casing 2, and between the said pistons working chambers i311, Mb, 830 and [3d of a multiple compressor are formed, the working chamber I3a being provided between the pistons Ho and IE1), the working chamber l3c between the pistons I20 and 12d and the working chamber l3d between the pistons 12d and 12a.

As appears from Figs. 1 and 2, the casing l is provided in addition to the outer circumferential wall I with an inner circumferential wall la,

by means of which the casing is divided into two chambers. The outer annular chamber I4 provides a chamber for storing air under pressure, and the inner chamber [5 has a supply of a cooling medium such as water, by means of which the heat developed within the cylinders is removed.

The casing I is provided with four steering grooves 16a, 16b, i6c and "id one for each workin: chamber 13a, I31), I30 and [3d, the said grooves opening into the working chambers.

Near the said grooves ports l'la, llb, I and The outer ends of the cylinders 4a, 4b, 4c

and 4d communicate through scavenging ports with the compressed air chamber l4, and near their inner ends they are formed with exhaust ports 2| through which the expanded gases are delivered to the outer air.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the frame or casing is supported by means of brackets 22 on a stationary body.

The operation of the engine is as follows: Fuel is supplied by the fuel pump H and through the pipe III to the injection nozzles 9 of the working chambers of the cylinders 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d. After ignition of the combustible mixture the pistons are thrown in opposite directions. The outwardly moving pistons 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d impart radial and rotary oscillating movement to way as the rotary piston of a rotary compressor, I and therefore the working chambers I311, I31),

I and |3d are successively enlarged and reduced, so that air is drawn into the said chambers and compressed therein.

In the position of the parts shown in Fig. 2 the steering groove I30 registers with theport I10, and therefore air is drawn into the working chamber |3c Further, the groove I31) and the port llb connect the working chamber |3b with the outer air, while the port Ila has been displaced relatively to the groove in so far that the said parts are out of register. Therefore compression begins within the working chamber |3a andthe compression within the working chamber |3d is further continued,

The air is compressed within the workin chambers such as |3d to the final pressure, and it is expelled therefrom into the chamber l4 of the frame, which chamber communicates with the chamber I3d through the port |9a and the groove |8a.

As the outer pistons 50, 5b, 5c and 5d of the engines approach the outer dead center the scavenging ports 20 and.the exhaust ports 2| are opened, and therefore the compressed air can flow from the chamber l4 into the combustion chamber and expel the combustion gases through the exhaust ports, as is known in the art. Thereafter the operation is repeated as described.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the inwardly acting pistons 10, lb, 1c and Id act on the crank shaft 3 and rotate the same in the direction of the arrow 12 shown in Fig. 2, which .shaft provides the power shaft.

ample shown in Figs. 1 and 2, is rotatably mounted on bearings 23 and 30 provided on the stationary bodies 26 and 21.

In the frame orcasing 23 cylinders 4|! are provided in which inner and outer pistons 4| and 42 have reciprocating .movement. The inner pistons 4| act on a shaft 3| which is rotatably mounted in bearings 43 and 44 provided respectively in the stationary body 26 and in the frame or casing 23. The pistons 4| carry rollers 45 which bear on a flange 46 of the shaft 3|, and springs 33 are provided which hold the said rollers in engagement .with the flange 46. The pistons 42 carry rollers 41 which bear on the inner face of the circumferential wall of the ring or casing 28.

At one side the frame or casing 23 is made integral with a trunnion or shaft 32, which is passed through the stationary body 21 and is adapted to deliver the power developed by the engine.

The annular chamber between the frame or casing 23 and the ring or casing 28 is divided by pistons 48 into working chambers, and the said pistons 48 are pivotally mounted at 50 in the circumferential wall of the casing 28, and they engage in slots 5| made in semi-cylindrical blocks 52 embedded in cylindrical pockets 53 cf the frame or casing 23, the pistons positively connecting the ring 28 and the frame. 23. The outwardly acting pistons 42 are in loose engagement with the ring 28 through the intermediary of the rollers 41, and also the inner pistons 4| are in loose engagement with the shaft 3|.

Through a pipe 34 a cooling medium is supplied to the casing 23, and the said cooling medium is delivered through the pipe 35. Fuel is supplied through a pipe 36.

The operation of the engine shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is as follows: Rotary movementis imparted to the frame or casing 23 by the pistons reciprocating within the said casing, the inwardly acting pistons beingcontrolled by the shaft 3| and the outwardly acting pistons imparting movement to the ring 28. By reason of the positive connection between theparts 28 and 23 also the ring 28 is rotated. Also the steering shaft 3| continuously performs rotary movement. However, all the parts 23, 23 and 3| have equal annular velocities. The power is transmitted'to a driven motor by the shaft 32.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a body formed with a plurality of radially arranged cylinders, two pistons mounted in each cylinder for reciprocating therein, mechanisms cooperating with said pistons so as to cause the pistons within each cylinder to move in opposite directions, means controlling the supply and delivery of a combustible mixture to said cylinders, said mechanism cooperating with the outer pistons being in the form of a ring haw'ng radial and rotary oscillating movement towards and away from said cylinders for imparting reciprocating movement to said outer cylinders, end plates associated with said body and ring and forming a chamber between the same, a piston connected with said ring and body and dividing said chamber into sections, said body being formed with a chamber, slots in said body and associated ports in one of said end plates cooperating alternately to connect and disconnect said sections with the outer air, slots in one of said end plates and cooperating ports in said body adapted. alternately to connect and disconnect said sections with said chamber within the body, said cylinders being provided with scavenging ports for connecting the same with said chamber within the body.

2. In an, internal combustion engine, comprising a body formed with a plurality of radially arranged cylinders, two pistons mounted in each cylinder for reciprocating therein, mechanism cooperating with said pistons so as to cause the pistons within each cylinder to move in opposite directions, and means controlling the supply and delivery of a combustible mixture to said cylinders, the improvement herein described which consists in the said mechanism comprising a ring connected with the outer pistons of said cylinders and having radial and rotary oscillating movement towards and away from said cylinders'for imparting reciprocating movement to said outer cylinders, and plates forming a chamber between said body and ring, and a piston associated with said body and ring and dividing said chamber into sections, and means to supply air to said sections and to deliver the same therefrom after compression.

3. In an internal combustion engine, comprising a body formed with a plurality of radially arranged cylinders, two pistons mounted in each cylinder for reciprocating therein, mechanism cooperating with said pistons so as to cause the pistons within each cylinder to move in opposite directions, and means controlling the sup,- ply and delivery of a combustible mixture to said cylinders, the improvement herein described which consists in the said mechanism comprising a ring connected with the outer pistons of said cylinders and having radial and rotary oscillating'movement towards and away from said.

cylinders for imparting reciprocating movement to said outer cylinders, the said ring being mounted eccentrically of said body, end plates forming a. chamber between said body and ring a rotary shaft disposed eccentrically of said body and cylinders and operativelyconnected with said" inner pistons, pistons dividing said chamber into sections and movable relatively to said body and ring, and means controlling the supply of fuel to said sections and the delivery of said fuel therefrom.

4. In an internal combustion engine, comprising a body provided with radial cylinders, two pistons in each cylinder having reciprocating movement therein, and mechanism connecting said inner and outer pistons for causing the same to reciprocate in opposite directions, the improvement described herein which consists in the said mechanism comprising a ring connected with said outer pistons and mounted eccentrically of said body and having its eccentricity variable so as to impart reciprocating movement to said outer pistons, end plates forming a chamber between said ring and body, and in which pistons are provided between said body and ring for dividing said chamber into sections, and means for supplying fuel to said sections and to deliver the same therefrom after compression.

5. In an internal combustion engine, comprising a; body provided with radial cylinders, two pistons in each cylinder having reciprocating movement therein, and mechanism connecting said inner and outer pistons for causing the same to reciprocate in opposite directions, the improvement described herein which consists in the said mechanism comprising a ring connected with said outer pistons and mounted eccentrically of said body and having its eccentricity variable so as to impart reciprocating movement to said outer pistons, end plates forming a chamber between said ring and body, a piston associated with said body and ring and dividing said chamber into sections, and means to supply air to said sections and to deliver the same therefrom after compression, said body being formed with a chamber adapted to receive the fuel delivered from said suctions.

ERICH ALLsTADT.

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