US2312A - Brick-machine - Google Patents

Description

'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES G. BROWN, OF CALDVELLS, NEW YORK.

BRICK-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 2,312, dated October 11, 1841.

To all 'u1/wm t may concern.'

Be it known that I, CHARLES G. BROWN, of Caldwells, Rockland county, in the State of New York, brickmaker, have invented and made and applied to use certain new and useful Improvements in the arrangement of mechanical means for grinding, molding, and pressing clay into the form of bricks, for which improved means I seek Letters Patent of the United States, and that the mode of constructing and using the said im Qrovements and the ends to be atA tained tiereby, ale fully and substantially set forth and shown, in the following de scription and in the drawings attached to and making a part of this specification, wherein-Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a perspective elevation of one form of the machinery, as I use the same, seen on one angle thereof. Fig. 2 is a similar perspective elevation of the same seen on the opposite angle to Fig. 1.

The figures in Sheets 2 and 3 and the other detached figures, added to show particular parts more cl-early, are separately referred to, and the same letters and numbers as marks of reference apply to the same parts in all the several figures.

A, A, B, B, Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, are the main parts of the fixed frame supporting the whole of the machine.

a., a, a, a, are four timber standards forming the angles of the square boX C, which serves the purpose of the tub in the common pugging mill, as used by brickmakers, and the clay material is put into it in the common way, at the opening shown on the side of Fig. 1.

c is a vertical shaft on the top of which is the horse lever D, and below the top tie in the frame, on the shaft c is the horse wheel 6l gearing into the pinion e on the knife shaft f, which carries the knives g, with four forcing cams or wipers below. All these parts are represented as made and used in the common manner but below the pinion c, the bevel4 wheel 71., on the shaft con'inninicates the power to a bevel pinion z', on a horizontal shaft 7c, supported in bearings Z, Z1, inside and outside the frame of the bex, C, and which carries on the outer end of the drum E, connected by a belt m to a drum F, on a shaft fn... A tightening rigger 0, is mounted in a carriage y), on this end of the levers g whose fulcrnm is on the bearing Z1, the opposite end of the lever g, is kept up to tighten the belt by the spring latch r, on a small bracket s, but the rigger in certain cases is to be put out of use by means shown hereafter.

The shaft n Carries within the drum, F, a small pinion t, gearing into a tooth wheel e on a shaft to the opposite end of this shaft e0 has an elliptic half cam u, which in its descent operates on a roller on this side of the vert-ical press arm y, and forces it downward, this arm g/ has a slot or mortise through which the shaft fw passes, the lifting or return motion is given by the corresponding half cam 2', operating on the roller al, these two cams cause the arm y to move up and down bet-Ween them and it is steadied in its motion by the slot on the shaft fw. This press arm y is made in two parts the upper and outer part y, is seen in front in Fig. 3, and is shown sidewise constructively in Fig'. t, where Ca2 is a part sliding in a band a3, on g/ while the lower end of the part y slides in a band C64, on the part ai. On y is a roller sheave a5, on a strong pin, on a2 is a roller sheave co6 also on a strong pin, on a2, above a5, is a strong cord al, descending below a5 and returning over a, passes 0E toward the side of the machine and under a roller sheave as, and turning up finishes by an attachment to this end of the lever a, with a fulcrum at 1, and having a weight b2 at the opposite end to keep the cord al, tight; at the back of a2, a roll-er a0 is mounted on the same pin with the roller a, and acts against a small lateral bracket 3 to prevent the arm y having any lateral sway. At the lower end of the arm a2, the press driver 3, shown separate in Fig. 5, is secured on and has in it two openings 54 as shown in Fig. beneath each of which a common clock valve is hung as shown in Figs. et and 5 to allow the entrance of air between the driver and the clay material when the driver rises.

The box 55, receives the clay material from the pngging boX through an opening for the purpose and the driver Z13 forces it downward through a set of metal grates b, shown separate in Fig. 6 into the molds 57, shown separate in Fig. 7, these are brought successively under the chamber or box 705,

and grates b, by means which are now to be described.

rI he shaft au already named has on it, between the wheel e and the outer bearings on the side of the machine a nearly cylindrical formed cam 5S, set eccentrically on the shaft fw and in its rotations operating alternately on a pair of roller sheaves ZJ, b, this sheave bo, is partly hidden in the drawings by the tooth wheel o these two sheaves are mounted on the side of a sliding shackle bar 01, which lies along the side of the machine and has a slot in it, at this end by which it works on the shaft w, the other end passing behind the spring latch i" and above the lower bracket s is jointed by a pin 02, to the vertical connecting arm c3, whose lower end is mounted on a short shaft et, and on its upper end is a roller sheave c5, the shaft 0*, carries also a vertical lever o, whose upper and shorter arm finishes with a pin carrying a roller sheave 0T, in the same way as the connecting arm 03, is finished. From the upper end of the lever c, a strong cord 00, passes under and over the sheave o5, and over the sheave 07, descending between the arms and through the shaft 0*, and passing under a sheave 0S, in this end of the angle bollard o, rises and passes over the sheave ell, at the other end of the bollard and again i descending the cord 00, terminates by an attachment to the lever d2, whose fulcrum is at cl3, and which tailing to the other end of the machine has a weight d4, on its loose end. Between the cord 00, and the fulcruin, cl3, a

second cord d5, leads from the lever cl2, un-

der a sheave (ZG, on the frame of the machine and ascending` over a sheave el", on

the bracket s1, terminates by a fastening to an eye on the top of the spring latch i.

The lower end of the vertical lever c6.

Ais jointed by a link olf), to the horizontal side a strong spring e2, terminating near the link dg, with a shoulder downward forming a latch catch e3. Beneath these last parts a pair of strong longitudinal bearers G, G, within the main frame sustain at their ends a pair of shafts et; 6". These carry each a pair of flanch wheels e, 6, 7, S, 9, the outer faces of which are made with a rib e0, whose outer edges are octago-nal, to receive the inner edges of the metal link pieces f1, which form a hinge jointed chain each alternate link being made with a boss f2, through which a screw bolt secures a wood or metal cross piece f3; these cross pieces form the cross wise connections between the ltwo chains and also form the ldivisions into which the molds o?, shown in Fig. 7, are to be laid for use.v These parts collectively form an apron to carry the molds under the press and place each set by an intermittentl motion, to receive the clay and give it the form required. One end of each cross piece f3, is chainfered on the forward edge to allow of the latch spring c2, sliding readily on and over it; and near the back end of the machine a shaft f4, and pair of flanched rollers f5, are mounted to support that end of thev apron chain and a similar shaft f6, and pair of flanch rollers f7, lie under the apron chain near the back and front part ofthe press chamber b5, so as to be directly under and sustain two of the cross pieces f3, when in the proper position for the molds to be filled by the action o-f the press driver above.

When thus completed and adjusted the machine is to be used as follows: The molds are to be put successively in on the back end so as to keep all the spaces on the upper and straight part of the chain filled to the press chamber and the pugmill being charged and power applied in any convenient manner to turn it the motion of the knives and wipers will force out the clay into the press box rThe motion communicated through the shaft 'w and cam u and roller a2, to the arm y will cause the driver 3, to descend in successive alternations as each set of molds comes under it and force the clay through the grates Z/G into the molds and before the driver begins to rise the inotion of the cam o8, drives the bar o1, in the direction of the arrow l, and thus carrying the connecting arm 03, and upper end of the lever 0G, with it the lower end of the lever c, goes in the opposite direction carrying with it the latch slide el, and latch spring e2, this by its shoulder e3 catches one of the cross pieces f3, and carries the filled mold from under the chamber by moving that and the apron chain forward the width of one mold and cross piece, bringing an empty mold under the chamber, the driver which has risen during this last motion now descends and forces a new portion of material into the succeeding molds and the motions being maintained by the power applied, the pressing and molding goes on continuously with the pugging and forcing out of the material. Should a stone or other hard substance go through the mill and prevent the driver descending, the machinery is protected from breaking by the operation o-f t-he two part arm g/ and a2 to the driver, as so soon as the pressure and resistance are equalized the arm piece a2, will slide in the upper band a3, and the lower end of the arm y will slide in the band at, and the rollers a5, aG, will separate as the cord a7, will draw down this end of the lever a", and raise the weight o2, at the opposite end, and this operation, by the effect of the weight on the lever "a", regulates the amount of compression on any quantity of material in the boX which compression may be increased or diminished by changing the position or size of the weight Z22, on the lever a9. Should a stone or other hard substance go through the grates o, so as to Crt the vcord d, will draw the spring latch r from under the `lever g. This will fall by the vmode of fitting the press driver see Fig.

1. The parts of the pressing follower are the same as are already described but the arm y is to be in one piece secured to the driver, and sliding in a `guide staple 1() is connected by a pin 11, to the lever 1Q, which at onev end carri-ies a weight 13, and rests on a pin 14, on the `frame `of the machine the other end being jointed to the vertical bar 15 whose upper end `is to be tted with a slot to pass the shaft w and with the rollers `and al to be operated on by the cams e and u in the same manner as the press bar y Fig. 1, the intent of ythis arrangement being to regulate the press by the amountof the weight 13 on the lever 1Q and if any lhard substance passes into the press `and prevents the descent of the driver arm g/ the weight 13 will rise and thus prevent breakage.

Fig. 21, is a variation in the mode of fitting the shackle bar 01, and lever S. These are shown as connected by jointing them to a crooked lever 16, with a weight 17, on the longer arm which rests on a bracket 18, on the underside of the shackle bar c1, and the lever 16, is connected by the cord (Z to the latch spring r. By this arrangement if any `hard substance prevents the progress of the molds 6T, and chains f the lever 16 and weight 17, will rise and by the cord (Z5 diaw the spring latch r fro-1n under the tightening rigger lever g and release the band m, thereby preventing breakage in this part of the machine by disengaging the roller 0 from the operation of t-he driving belt m.

In Sheet 2 the principal Fig. 8 represents a variation in the general arrangement which includes a change in the mode of making and fitting the grinding knives and fitting the wipers and comprises my latest improvements in other parts and the change effects the intended objects with greater quickness and certainty. The letters of reference now used refer to the several parts to be next described.

1, 1, 1, 1, are the angle posts and 2, 2, the lies [hat collectively form the frame containing` the puginill, 3 is the shaft tie, A, is the horse lever on B, the principal vertical shaft shown as made round with the knives d, secured from turning on the shaft by pins through the hubs or eyes and shaft. Then this mode of fitting is used it is my intention to have the pins so proportioned in size that they shall cut off between the shaft and hub, by the resistance of any obstacle which would otherwise be enough to break the them thereby materially yknives or wipers but when this mode of tting is not used it may be better to increase the strength of the shaft knives and Wipers and to make the shaft B, square below the upper' bearing to receive the eyes and hubs of the knives a and wipers the mode of forming these knives is shown detached in Figs. 9 and 10, Sheet 3, where the knives are represented as made vthree fold and instead of being in pairs or set singly in sockets on the shaft, these are set on so that each three knives stand at an angle of about sixty degrees with the three above or below increasing the quantity of work done when lgrinding and also rendering the material more homogenous, more fit tol mold, and producing better bricks.

On the upper part of the shaft B, is the bevel wheel C, gearing into the bevel pinion c mounted on the cross shaft CZ which is elongated outside the machine for purposes stated hereafter. On the pinion 0 are the clutch blocks c taking into shoulders `in the cam which slides on the shaft (Z and is to be prevented 4turning by a slide key; this cam j is to be used as hereafter shown. Next this is the fixed cam 7 with a pin 6 working into a slot 5 in the pressing` cam 7L, on the shaft (Z which is shown with the parts on it in the separate Fig. 11, Sheet 2. The cam /t operates on roller Z, on the point of the crank arm 7c which is secured on the press shaft z' this carries a second crank arm m whose outer end is jointed to the upper end of the vertical press arm n whose lower end is secured to the vertical part of the press driver 0 by screw bolts going through vertical slots as shown in t-he detached Fig. 12, Sheet 2, the follower 7a of the press driver is shown in Fig. 8 with two hol-es below which are two common clack valves as described in Figs. 3, e, and 5, Sheet 1, and the valves are also shown in place in the detached Fig. 20, Sheet 3. The press driver 7) works above a set of press grates the same as shown in Fig. 6, Sheet 1, and in reverse in larger size in Fig. 13, Sheet 2. Above the press o is a descending link D, jointed to the frame at (7 and at the lower end to the press lever E, which is secured to the press arm fa by a pin 1' and has a press weight F, at the outer end.

On the side of the Fig. S is the molding` box slide G, this, and the parts that are connected with it, but which lie under the body of the machine, are shown detached in Fig. 14, where the mold slide G, terminates at the cross line (a) being there about one inch higher than the next part which is the receiving platform H: a, is a metal frame to carry the platform H, and delivering platform l, between these are three cross shafts t, 151, t2, carrying metal rollers 'U, o, over which the molding boxes Zr", Fig. 7, Sheet 1,

are to be passed by means now to be described.

On the outer end of the shaft CZ, the leading cam u is mounted and between this and the frame tie 2, is the vertical leading lever K, which woiks up and down and is held up in place by a long slot through which the shaft cl passes. Two rollers w, w1, one above and one belowthe cam u, enable the cam in its rotation to lift or depress the lever K, whose lower end is connected to the lever L, this is connected at t to the crank 5, and a pin al, on the frame carries the other end, and gives effect to the weight L1, on the end beyond the pin u1.

The crank 5 is attached to this end of the leading shaft M, which has on it under the machine the leading crank N, as shown detached in Fig. 15, this crank N, is to be attached to the leader link shown as connected to the mold driver 0, in the detached Fig. 14. A rod y is jointed at the lower end to the lever L the upper end is slotted to connect this rod y2/ to one end of the latch bar 'Q/l, the other end of this is forked to receive the outer end of the latch 1/2, the hook of which holds the outer end of the forked clutch lever P, shown detached in Figs. 16 and 17, whose fulcrum is in a bracket jz/4, on the tic 3, the fork of the lever P, lies into a groove in the clutch cam f; a spring 1/3 is attached in front of the machine with the upper end against the clutch lever P, and

must be strong enough to force the lever in the opposite direction and detach the cam f from the clutch pins e on the pinion c when the latch hook is raised as hereafter referred to.

ln Fig. 1l a metal gage bar al, works in a long slot in the back of the frame s and overlies the mold driver O, and is held by a small crank c1, at one end and at the other by a lever crank el, the arm of which overlies the platform H, and is held there by the spring 1, the two cranks move simultaneously by the connecting rod 01, the upper side of the gage bar al lying at the same level with the mold slide G. The machine thus fitted is to be used as follows: The molding boxes t7, Fig, 7, Sheet 1, are to be pushed on by hand over the mold slide Gr, and will be guided in upon the metal gage bar an" which prevents the forward end o-f the mold from dropping until the end of the mold strikes th-e crank lever el, when the gage bar al, will be drawn back by the joint action of the cranks and allow the mold to drop into place ready to move forward and power being applied in any convenient manner to turn the machine the wipers Z) will force the clay into the press box, under the press driver or follower y). As the machine moves on thc cam /z raises the press driver 7) and on the point of the cam 7L passing the roller Z the cam will roll forward by the balance of its own weight until stopped by the pin 6 in the fixed cam 7, and allow the press driver to fall quickly by the power of the weight F, on the lever E, and on the driver 72 touching the clay it will rest momentarily only as the momentum gained by the weight F, will force the press arms down and cause it to operate with a sudden pressure on the driver 7) and the material below which will thus be driven through the bars of the press grates 56 and fill the mold beneath.

rlhe mold driver O, being at this time drawn back by t-he motion of the machine the neXt mold b?, is to be pushed in and will be adjusted into place by the operation of the gage al, as before described the motion of the machine continuing, the leading cam u operating by the roller fw, w1, will depress the leading` bar K, and crank 5 moving the crank N, forward this sends on the mold4 driver 0, and neXt mold 127, the upward m0- tion of the cam u now reverses the previous motion of the mold driver O, and leaves the space for another mold, this and the other motions being successively repeated as described.

In the arrangement of the machine any hard substance passing over the grate bars o, will only decrease the operation of the press driver 29 without deranging the operation of the other parts, as the molding is to be effected by the momentum o-f the arm n, press 29, lever E, and weight F. But if any hard substances goes through the bars o, 100 the leading lever K, will only depress that end of the horizontal lever L, without depressing the crank 5 and deranging the other parts, the lever L will move on the fulcrum 4 and the opposite end and weight 105 will rise; this lifts the rod y/ and depresses the other end of the latch bar y1, the fork of which carries down that end of the latch y2 and lifts the hook from the lever P. The spring ya will move the lever in the op- 110 posite direction and this disengages the clutch cam f from the pinion c and prevents any breakage and the same result will be produced if 4any one of the molds 67 should not be pushed in so as to take the proper 115 place for being sent on by the driver O. ln the common mode of making the bars of the press grates Z2 parallel in width the clay material frequently comes down first in the middle and pushes off the sand in the molds 12o by touching the bottom or sides before the motion is completed; this is mostly caused by quicksand in the clay and when it happens the clay sticks in the molds the corners are not filled, and the bricks come out not 125 formed full and square at the ends and' corners; these defaults are prevent/ed by my mode of making the grate bars of an increased width between the ends; this increase must not be made in the middle of iso th-e length but about one third from the back of the press chamber forward when applied to machines where the clay comes in sidewise.

In machines where the clay descends direct the increased width must be in the middlc of the length in either case leaving the ends of equal size as shown in the detached Figs. 6, Sheet 1, and 13, Sheet 2, and the widest part in the openings of the grates must be an inch and a quarter less than the width of the bricks and an inch and a half less in the length the same as in any other grates for similar uses as in practice those differences are essential to filling the molds without disturbing the sand used to assist in clearing them.

In Sheet 3, the detached Figs. 18 and 19 represent a variation in the means of constructing the parts that work the mold driver t). The cam u on the outer end of the shaft Z is shown as a continuous cam instead of the interrupted cam, shown in Fig. 8, and the lower roller 'w1 on the leading lever K, is dispensed with as are also the lever L, weight L1, and the apparatus connected with that and the clutch latch 1/1, leaving the clutch lever l), and fork as described. In these Figs. 18 and 19 the bar K, is connect-ed direct on the end of the crank 5 and the opposite end of the leading shaft M is tted with a lever R, and weight S, so placed that as the cam u allows the bar K, to descend, the weight S, operates to depress the lever R, and move the leading crank N, forward to carry the empty mold under the press and move out the one filled, the downward motion of the bar K, being regulated, and the upward or return motion given, by the cam u, and roller fw.

What I claim as new and of my own inventio-n is- 1. The fitting the press driver 53 with common clack valves beneath the-openings 64, as shown in Figs. 5 and 20, to admit air between the clay material and the under side of the driver as the driver rises, substantially as the same are described.

2. The mode described and shown in Sheet 1, of regulating the pressure given by the driver by means of the connection between the arm y and the sliding part a2, which collectively form the driver arm or ro-d, in combination with the weighted lever a9, which lever prevents the part c2 from moving up until the resistance to its descent is sufficient to overcome the weight on the lever when it will rise and prevent the breakage that would otherwise occur, the whole being constructed and operating as set forth and including any variations substantially the same in principle and character.

3. The mode of moving the apron chain for conducting the molds beneath the pressing chamber by means of the latch catch 63,

attached to the horizontal latch slide c1, in combination with the lever c6, the lever c3, sliding shackle bar c1, and cam b3, the whole being constructed and operating substantially as described.

1. The Inode of preventing breakage by hard substances obstructing the apron chain through the connection of the levers c3 and c, by the cord c, 0, to the lever (Z2, and the combination of these with the cord (Z5, latch o and tightening rigger lever q, the whole constructed and operating substantially as herein set forth.

5. The mode of constructing the'metal grates b with openings narrower in or near the middle than at the ends for the purpose of pressing the clay through the same so that it shall fill the ends and corners of the -mold beneath equally with the middle parts of the mold, thereby avoiding any partial removal of the molding sand, and preventing the clay from sticking in the mold; substantially as the same is d-escribed.

G. The mode described and shown in Fig. 8, and 12, Sheet 2, of pressing the tempered clay into the molds beneath by the momentum of the weight F operating through the lever E, arm "w, and driver 2)-, and the combination of these parts with the crank arm m, and 7c, and lifting cam 71., substantially as the same are described.

7. The mode of adjusting the molds b", in place to be sent on under the pressing chamber to be filled by the gage bar al, crank c1, lever crank el, spring 1, and connecting rod 01, see Fig. 14, Sheet 2, substantially as the same is described.

8. The mode of driving the molds under the press chamber by the driver O, crank arm N, and 5 in combination with the vertical connecting' lever K, and cam u. see Figs. 8, 14, and 15, Sheet 2, substantially as such mode is herein shown and described.

9. The mode of preventing breakage from hard substances passing through the grates into the molds so as to obstruct the molds, as shown in Figs. 8, 11, 16 and 17, by the operation of the vertical lever K, lever L weight L1, slotted bar y, and forked latch bar y1, and the combination of these parts with the latch y2, spring g/, clutch lever l), clutch cam f, and pin c on the pinion c, substantially as the construction, combination and operation of these parts are herein shown and described.

In witness whereof I the said CHARLES G. BROWN, have hereunto set my hand, in the pres-ence of the witnesses whose names are hereto subscribed, on the twenty seventh day of September one thousand eight hundred and forty o-ne.

CHARLES G. BROVN. [n s] lVitnesses:

Lewis CONSTANT, CYNEMUS F. BRILL.

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