US2362535A - Blowpipe apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 14, 1944. J, H, BUCKNAM 2,362,535

BLOWP I PE APPARATUS lNvlzNToR I v JAMESHBUCKNAM 4 BY A ATTORNEY NOV- 14,1944- n.1. H. BUCKNAM 2,362,535

BLOWPIPE APPARATUS Filed Nov. 1s,- 1937 5 sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR JAMES H.BUCKNAM I, BY A v ATTORNEY Nov. 14, 1944.

Filed NOV. 13, 1937 J. H. BUCKNAM BLOWPIPE APPARATUS Sheets-Sheet 5 F IG. IO 25 30 2 l I (l 55+ Il l 59 `p;m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ INVENTOR JAMES H. BUCKNAM ATTORNEY inFig.

Patented Nov. 14, 1944 OFFICE BLOWPIPE APPARATUS' James II. Bucknam, Cranford, N.

J., assigner to The Linde Air- Products Company, a corporation oi' Ohio Application November 13, 1937, Serial No. 174,3? 5Y (Cl. Zim-3) 25 claims. This invention relates to the art of desuriacing metal bodies by means of an oxidizing gasV stream, and more particularly'to an improved Vblowpipe assembly for projecting a plurality of gaseous heating and oxidizing jets against a metal body to remove a surface layer of metal therefrom.

The method of eliminating defects from -the surfaces of billets, blooms, slabs, and similar semi-iinished steel shapes, by applying a suitable wide oxidizing gas stream' obliquely to the heated surface, is well'known. In the past it has usually been considered necessary toemploy for this purpose a plurality of individual blowpipes, especially designed and especially mounted, in order to provide the required gas streams. Such constructions, however, have presented diiiiculties with respectto close nozzle spacing, number of blowpipes needed, ruggedness of the apparatus, and maintenance of proper relative nozzle positions during operation.

An object of the invention, therefore, is to provide a desurfacing blowpipe apparatus lwhich will effect closer nozzle spacing than has heretofore been the rule. Another object is the pro-4 vision of such. apparatus in a form Vwhich will require a minimum number of separate blowpipes for efficient operation. A further object is to provide such apparatus in rugged form to maintain the proper relative nozzle positions during operation of the apparatus.

The above and other objects and novel featuresof the invention will be apparent from the following description taken with the accompanying drawings, in which:

F18. 1 is a broken side elevation, partly in secon, of a desurfacing apparatus to which one embodiment of the invention is applied;

Fis. 2 is a plan view of a part oi' the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross section tak n III-III'of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a cross IV of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of another embodiment the invention showing an alternative arrangeon the line section taken the line IV- ment of the connections and nomes;

Fig. 6 is an end view of the apparatus shown Fig. 'l is a rear elevational supply Fig. 5: Y

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary view partly in section view of the oxygen connection of the apparatus shown inshowing four desurfacing heads containing blowpipe apparatus-according to this inventionyarranged to desurface four sides of a rectangular steel billet; 4

Fig. 9 is an* end view of a form of desurfacing nozzle adapted to be usedin the blowpipe apparatus oi' the invention; and

Fig.` 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle shown in Fig. 9.

The lblowpipe apparatus embodying the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive comprises a unitary header block B having openings and passages therein for a heating gas mixture, other I openings and passages for'an oxidizing gas, such as desurfacing oxygen, all communicating with Y a series of nozzle openings, an oxidizing gas conduit C discharging into the oxidizing gas passages, and one ormore blowpipes W similar to welding blowpipes for mixing fuel and oxidizing gas, discharging into the heating gas openings and passages. A plurality of nozzles N are fastened in the nozzle openings in the forward part of the block B. The block B maybe mounted on a desurfacing machine D.

In the drawings, there is shown part of a desurfacing machine D comprising a frame IU, which is connected by vertical pivotsl Ii and I2 to a support (not shown) for moving the maadapted y chine over a billet I3. A downwardly projecting arm Il may carry a shoe (not shown) for contact with a longitudinal vertical face of the billet in order to guide the machine horizontally. Links I5, I5 and I6, I6 pivoted on either side of the framell and to a carrier Il permit relative vertical movement of the carrier and the support; and springs ls'oppose such downward movement.

The particular desurfacing machine employed forms no part of the present invention. Convenient means must be provided. however, for

supporting the block B and for giving it relative movement with respect to the billet i3.

As here shown, a plate I9 is secured to the carrier II in any known or convenient manner, for instance in the manner described in applicants copending patent application for Apparatus for removing surface metal from metallic bodies, iiled April 26, 1937, Serial No. 139,030, now Patent No. 2,203,211, issued June 4, 1940; and the plate I 9 supports the block B, the welding blowpipe W, the oxidizing gas conduit C, and certain associated parts for attachment to, or removal from, the desuri'acing machine D as a unit. Obviously, these elements might 'be otherwise attached to the desurfacing machine.

, In the embodiment here illustrated, the block M B is supported by contact with the inside of a part of the block B rests directly upon the in-,

side of the shoe 20. The rear of the block is provided with a pair of unitary perforated projections 23, 23 whichl rest in horizontal position upon bosses 24 (only one of which is shownin Fig. 1) formed inside of the shoe. ".Alhel projections may be bolt-connected to the bosses 24 in well-known manner, thereby fixing the block in the shoe.

The unitary block B has a series of internally threaded nozzle openings 25 in its forward part in which desurfacing 'or surface metal removing nozzles N are held by nozzle nuts 26, in wellknown manner. It is here noted that the shoe i 20 is formed in two parts, as fully described in applicants aforesaid Patent 2,203,211. Thus the forward end wall of the shoe comprises a removable protecting plate 21 which is secured to the rest of the 'shoe as by bolts 28. The forward part of the main shoeportion and the lower part of the section 21 are so formed assubstantially to inclose al1 of each nozzle N except the discharge ends thereof and protect the same, as fully described in applicants aforesaid Patent 2,203,211.

As is usual in nozzle connections of the class described, the rear end 56 of the nozzle bearsagainst an annular shoulder in the nozzle opening, thereby sealing an annular chamber 25' from a central gas passage 35, topermit ow of oxidizing gas through the usual axial passage 55 in thenozzle, and separate flow of a heating gas mixture from. theannular chamber 25' through a plurality of eccentric passages 51 extending longitudinally of the nozzle. The nozzle openings are formed transversely in line in the front face across the forward part of the block B at a slight angle downwardly with respect to the projections 23 which normally assume a horizontal position when in contact withmbosses 24. Furthervmore, the nozzle openings are so disposed that the nozzles when in place therein will be inclined relative to each other and inwardly of the block in their forwardly direction, that is to say, at such inclinations that all of the streams of gas issuing from the nozzles will tend to converge toward a centralpoint ahead of the block B. (See Fig 2.) 'I'he symmetrical inclination of the nozzles toward each other, as shown in Fig. 2, may be used when the whole surface of a billet istreated ina single pass, although a parallel arrangement is also preferred for such desurfacing according to the effects desired as will be -described hereinafter. When desurfacing a Wide slab, however, the nozzles are preferably arranged parallel to each other and yall inclined at a uniform angle toward one side.

The block B is constructed with a plurality ofl right respectively with the remaining four nozzle y openings. A gas supply opening 3l is provided immediately above the left hand heating gas mixture chamber 29 and a welding blowpipe or the like oxidizing gas and fuel gas mixing device W is coupled into this opening by means of a nut 32 so as to dischargefa combustible mixture' into the chamber. Similarly, an opening 33 is provided immediately above the right hand heating gas mixture chamber 29, and a second welding blowpipe W is similarlygcoupled into this opening to discharge a heating gas mixture therein. Thus, the mixture discharged from ythe rst blowpipe will be distributed between three of the seven nozzles which are .illustrated in Fig. 2, and the discharge from the second blowpipe will'be distributed between the other four of the illustrated nozzles.

A single oxidizing gas manifold chamber 34 is formed in the block B extending transversely thereof rearwardly ofthe heating gas mixture chamber 29 and is separately connected with each of the nozzle openings 25 by a passage 35 so as to discharge into the-central oxidizing gas passage 55 extending axially through each nozzle N. A single internally-threaded opening 36 formed above the oxidizing gas chamber 34 centrally thereof provides means whereby the oxidizing gas conduit ...C may be coupled into the block B by means of a nut 31 so as to discharge downwardly into and against a wall of the oxidizing gas chamber 34. Thus, oxidizing gas supplied to the chamber 34 from the conduit C will be distributed to all oi the nozzles N which are carried by the block B. The chamber 34 comprises in effect two parallel portions joined longitudmally by a narrow or slot-like portion, which formation cooperates to equalize the distribution of oxidizing gas to the nozzles.

separate chambers 29 therein for a heating gas mixture. A separate gas passage 30 connects each annular chamber 25' with the corresponding heating gas mixture chamber. Thus, in the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, three such passages 30 connect theheating gas mixture chamber 29 at the left respectively with the three chambers 25 of the nozzle openings at the left of the block, and four such passages connect the heating gas mixture chamber at the The oxidizing gas conduit C requires no special support beyond that given it by the nut 31; but each welding blowpipe W, being of heavier construction, is supported from the plate I9 by means of an angle 38, welded or otherwise fixed on the latter, and a bracket 39 similarly fixed to the blowpipe W and connected to the angle by a bolt 40.

Means may be provided for duid-cooling the block B. As here illustrated, this means comprises an intemally-threaded boss 4l (see Figs. 2 and 4) which is formed forwardly of the block B near one side thereof above the nozzle openings, and is connected by a passage 42 to a transversely extending chamber 43 in the lower part of the block. As here illustrated, the chamber 43 is formed by a large transverse bore and a smaller parallel transverse bore in continuous intersection therewith in order to give a chamber of the desired size. Adjacent the opposite end of the chamber 43 from thatv near which the passage 42 enters it, a passage 44 extends generally upwardly through the block to a transverse chamber 45 above and parallel to the chamber 43; and at the opposite end of the chamber 45 from that near which the passage 44 enters the latter chamber, a cross passage 464 directly nally-threaded boss 49, through which the cool-A ing fluid may be discharged. Thus, a cooling fluid hose, having its end coupled into the boss 4| may project cooling fluid through the e 42 into the chamber 43 adjacent one side of the block B, across the block through the chamber 43 to the passage 44 adJacent the other side. of the block into the chamber 45, again across the block to the passage 45, forwardly to the passage 41 across the block, again to the e 4I, and out of the block through the internally-threaded boss 49. A part of the discharge hose 5I may be seen in Fig. l coupled into boss 49 by means of a nut 5|. Y .f Other means are provided for independently fluidfcooling the blowpipes W. Thus, water may enter the shell 52 which surrounds the conduits of the blowpipe through a nipple 53, circulate through the shell 52, and leave the shell through a second nipple 54.

From the foregoing, the operation of the apparatus will be clear. The block B and the nozzles N attached thereto, all protected by the shoe 2li, may be moved over the billet I3 by means of the desurfacing machine D. The links I5, I5 and I5, IG permit vertical movement of the shoe and block as uneven spots are met on the upper surface of the billet; and the bearing surface 22 on the under side of the shoe protects the latter as it passes over the billet. 'I'he nozzles add heat tothe surface metal of the billet by proiectng against it ignited streams of heating gas mixture, and at the same time remove surface metal from the face of the billet by means of the oxidizinggas stream which they project upon it. The spacing of the nozzzles is sumciently close to produce a substantially continuous oxidizing stream across the entire billet:` and the inward inciination of the nozzles maintains the heated oxidized material upon the upper' surface of the `billet ahead o1' the gas stream, thereby' preheating the surface of the billet and facilitating the work of desurfacing. During operation, the block and the heating blowpipes may be iluid cooled.

If it is desired .to use the apparatus for desur- Vfacing a narrower billet, one or more of the nozzle openings'may be plugged. When wider surfaces are to be desurfaced in a single pass, the block may be constructed to have a larger num ber of nozzles which may be supplied with oxi- 1 dizing gas through a single manifold chamber 34 and a single oxidizing gas conduit C.

How-

ever, it is desirable to provide a heating gas chamber!!r and blowpipe W for each group of about four nozzles. For example, .for 9 or 10 nozzles, it is preferable to provide three blowpipes. A suitable single blowpipe having sumcient heating gas capacity and operating stability can` however, be used to-supply all the nozzles of the block. A

The desurfacing of wide metal bodies such as slabs may be accomplished by removing the surface metal in a plurality of wide, contiguous paths. For such desurfacing, it is preferable to arrange the nozzlesparallel to each other and oriented as a groupV toward one side as in the embodiment shown in Fia. 5. The purpose of such positioning is not only to project the slag away from the desurfaced path and toward the untreated surface when desurfacing a wide body in a series of successive passes, butalso for re ducing the height of the ridges left between the channels produced by the nozzles. With the nozzle block-of the present invention, it is possible to provide a closer nozzle spacing when the nozzles are parallel than could-be provided when individual blowplpes for each nozzle were provided.

' 3 In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 5, the nomlc block or header B' is relatively narrow and is provided with a separate distrib.-I

uting manifold |34 for the desurfacing oxygen disposed parallel to the rear face of the header B'. The front face of the header is provided with a. plurality of bosses |25 having nozzle openings 25 which are arranged to hold the nozzles N secured therein parallel to each other and at a uniform angle toward the left side. This angle may vary according to the effects desired, the greater angle tending to reduce the height of the ridges. The manifold |34 ;'is connected to a series of openings in bosses |32 on the rear face of the header B', which openings are individually i connected to the manifold` by short connections |35, there being as mamr connections an bosses |32 as there are nozzle bosses |25.

In Fig. 5, eight nozzle bosses are shown,A six being occupied by nozzles N and the last two by imperforate or blank plugs |26, so that the apparatus may be used for desurfacing a surface the width of which'is properly covered by the sheetlike stream provided by the six nozzles only. The

, connections |35 may be welded to the manifold |34 and removably secured to the bosses |32 by union nuts |33 and have passages therethrough which connect with the passages A35 leading through the header B' to the oxygen passage 55 of the nozzles. In `order that the distribution of pressure in the manifold |34 may be equal for each connection |35, the oxygen is supplied to the manifold at each end thereof in an 'axial direction by means of conduits |31 which connect the ends ofthe manifold to a T connection |35 to the side outlet of which the supply conduit Cis connected.

The upper face of the header B' is provided with three threaded openings |3| to which blow- 40 pipes W (not shown in Figs. 5 and 6) are connected and which communicate with heating gas passages 29 within the header block, as previously described. The three passages 29 corresponding to the three inlets 3| may be arranged to communicate, for4 example,'.one with the rst three nozzles, the second with the next three nozzles, and the third with the last two nozzle openings. Water cooling passages through the header B' are also provided and may be arranged substantially as described in connection with the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive,

the Vwater entering at the threaded opening 4| f and leaving at the opening |49, both of which are on th upper face of the header. The header B' is also provided with ears |23, similar to the ears 23, for securing the header to the inside of the box shoe 20, as previously described. If desired, an oxidizing gas manifold similar to manifold |34 may be provided in connection with the form of the apparatus described in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, when a plurality of oxidizing gas inlets 35 and passages 34 are provided in the block B, a suitable arrangement for example being the provision of the same number of passages 34 as the number of passages 29.

Anv exemplary method of using the blowpipe apparatus of the present invention for desurfacing the longitudinal sides of a rectangular billet j is illustrated in Fig. 8 and constitutes the subject matter of my continuation-impart application, Serial No. 419,252, filed November l5,` 1941. A billet I3 having greater width than height is shown in right section in Fig. 8. The width of its longitudinal surfaces,'however, is less than the width of the headers `and shoes used, of which may be similar to that shown in the copending joint application of H. W. Jones, J. H. Bcknam, and E. A. Doyle, Serial No. 145,480, led May 29, 1937 (Patent No. 2,210,921, issued Aug. 13, 1940).

If the shoes were of the correct width to just t cover each surface, the forward ends of the nozzles of all four shoes might lie in the same cross sectional plane. However, as shown in Fig. 8, when the shoes are wider than the surfaces, they may be' arranged so that one pair is located ahead of the other suiliciently to prevent interference with the offside portions of the other pair. In'y the figure, the lower and right-hand shoes 20. are

i in back of the other two shoes and have their front walls 21 in place. The front walls 21 of the upper and left shoes are removed to show the nozzles. It will be seen that the width of the upper surface is fully covered byA the streams which issue from the left six nozzles of the upper shoe/andthe two nozzle openings which are oifside are blanked o by plugs |28. The left-handl shoe has only five nozzles in position to cover the width of the lateral side surface, the other openings being blanked olf. The lower and righthand shoes are similarly arranged. It will be seen also that the nozzles directed toward the upper surfaces are all parallel and oriented toward the left, and the left side' nozzles are oriented downward. If the lower nozzles areoriented toward the right and the right side nozzles oriented upwardly, this arrangement may be termed the symmetrical vcounterclockwise arrangement. A corresponding symmetrical clockwise arrangement would produce substantially u the same results.

Other arrangements to suit special conditions may also be used, such as orienting the upper and left-hand nozzles all toward the upper 'left corner, and the lower and right-hand'nozzles all toward the lower right corner. The latter arrangement, for example, may be used when the shoes are mounted in pairs to move in unison in directions at degrees to the faces of the billet. for the shoes may then be arranged sym-4 metrically with the upper left and lower right corners of the billet. In Fig. 8, the upper shoe 4is displaced to the right, the-left shoe upward, the

'right shoe downward, and the lower shoe to the left because of the orientation of the nozzles which causes the oxygen stream to sweep laterally, the place of impingement of the streams issuance from the nozzles.

The reduction of the height o the ridges between the grooves produced by each nozzle, is obtained by closer nozzle spacing so that more smaller nozzles may b e used to cover a. given on the surface being to one sigrof the point of orice, i.`e., nozzles which have oblong, rectangular or slot-like orifices.

A suitable' nozzle is shown at N' in Figs. 9 and 10. 'Ihe nozzle N' has an axial bore therethrough for desurfacing oxygen, which bore has an inlet portion that receives oxygen from the passage 35 and reduces the pressure thereof, an expanded portion 58 that reduces the velocity of flow to that desired for desurfacing which may be, for example, about 800 feet per second, and an orifice portion 59 proportioned to have substantially the same cross sectional area as the portion 58 and to produce a relatively wide and thin stream of oxygen flowing at substantially equal velocity throughout the width. Preheat passages 51 surround the central bore and conduct the preheating gases from the chamber 25' to the preheat orifices -in the forward end of the nozzle.

Such nozzles N are mounted in the headers B or B' in such manner that the major transverse axes of the orifices 59 are parallel to the surface of the billet or slab to be desurfaced. With the nozzles N' so mounted in a header ac- 'cording to this invention, it is possible to project a practically continuous sheet-like desurfaclng stream of oxygen on the surface and remove a layer of surface metalof almo'st uniform depth therefrom.

For removing surface metal from a wide slab, the shoe supporting device D shown in Fig. 1 may be used and the shoe passed over the work a sufficient number of times to remove the surface metalV in a series of contiguous paths with the nozzles preferably oriented away from the surface metal already conditioned. However, it is also contemplated that the entire surface of a Wide slab may be removed in one pass by thev simultaneous application of a series of nozzle headers with shoes or nozzle headers with other nozzle protecting means, adjacent each other extending completely across the slab. In such an arrangement, all the nozzles would be oriented toward the same side.

It will be clear that apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention may be constructed to effect very close nozzle spacing and 'l will require a minimum number of separate blowpipes for efcient operation, since a single blowpipe may be used to'provide a heating gas mixture for a plurality of nozzles. Furthermore, the header, together with the shoe, provides a rugged apparatus adapted for rough use wherein the proper relative nozzle positions are easily and surely maintained during operation. The conduit arrangements for supplying gases and cooling uid to the blowpipes and nozzle block are very much simpler than the arrangements necessary where individual blowpipes for each nozzle have beenused. v

The forms of the invention here described and illustrated inthe accompanying drawings are y presented merely to indicate how the invention width of surface, and by the orientation of the may be applied. Other forms differing in detail but not in principle from that here disclosed willl of course, suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

I claim:

1. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means for attaching said block to a desurfacing machine; and a plurality of nozzles tted into a series of openings transversely inI line along the front face of said block, said nozzles having their axes lying in a plane through said line and inclined laterally of the forward assassin direction: said block having therein a plurality of separate chambers for a heating gas mixture, a plurality of separate chambers for an oxidizing gas, separate gas passages connecting each heating gas chamber to a plurality of said nozzles, separate gas Passages connecting each oxidizing gas chamber to a plurality of said nozzles, `and other passages for cooling fluid extending into, through, and out of said block; in combination with a separate blowpipe discharging into each heating gas chamber in said block; and means for supplying oxidizing gas connected to discharge into each oxidizing gas chamber in said block.

2. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means for attaching said block to a desurfacing machine; and a plurality of nozzles fitted into a series of openings transversely in line along the front face of said block, said nozzles v having their axes lying in a plane through said line and, said block having therein a plurality of separate chambers for a heating gas mixture, separate passages connecting each heating gas chamber to a plurality of said nozzles, separate oxidizing gas passagesl through said header to each of said nozzles; in combination with a separate blowpipe for supplying heating gas mixture connected to discharge into each heatingj gas chamber in said block; an oxidizing gas manifold arranged to deliver oxidizing gas at equalized pressures; and connections between said manifold and said header' providing communication between said manifold and said oxidizing gas passages.

3. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means forattaching said block to a desurfacingy machine; anda plurality of nozzles iitted into a series of openings transversely in vline in said block, said nozzles having oxidizing 4 gas passages terminating in oblong oxidizing gas discharge orifices whose major cross-sectional axes are arranged substantially in alignment so as to produce a substantially continuous sheet-like stream of oxidizing gas, said nozzles also having heating gas passages therethrough; said block having therein at least one chamber for a heating gas mixture, a plurality of passages connecting said heating gas chamber with the heating gas passages of a plurality of the nozzles, oxidizing gas passages in said block connecting Withsaid oxidizing gas passages of the nozzles; oxidizing gas and fuel gas mixing blowpipe means connected` to said block for supplying heating gas mixture to said heating gas chamber; and means separate from said blowpipe means connected to said block for supplying oxidizing gas to said oxidizing gas passages,

4'. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; a plurality of -nozzles fitted into a series of openings transversely in line in said block;

and a box-like protecting shoe having a bottom surface positioned for slidingly engaging the surface of a metal body and enclosing at least a part of said block and substantially enclosing -all of said nozzles except the orice ends thereof; saidl block having therein at least one chamber lfor a heating gasl and separate gas passages connecting such chamber to a, plurality of said nozzles.

H5. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means for attaching said block to a desurfacing machine; and a plurality of nozzles tted into a series of openings transversely in line in said block, said block having therein a plurality of separate chambers for a heating gas, separate gas passages connecting each heating gas chamber to a plurality of said nozzles, oxidizing gas passages connecting .to each of said nozzles; in combination with a boX-likeprotecting shoe on said header block, said shoe having a bottom Awall surface for slidingly engaging the surface of a metal body, said shoe enclosing at least a substantial part of said block and substantially enclosing all of said nozzles except the oriiice ends' thereof.

6. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means for attaching said block to a desurfacing machine; a plurality of nozzles fitted into a series of openings transversely in line along the front face of said block, said nozzles having their axes lying ina plane through said line and inclined laterally of said block to the normal forward direction; said block having therein a plurality of separate chambers for a heating gas mixture, at least one chamber for oxidizing gas, separate gas passages connecting each heating gas chamber to a plurality of said nozzles, and separate gas passages connecting said oxidizing gas chamber to a plurality of said nozzles; -means for supplying oxidizing gas to said oxidizing gas chamber; and a blowpipe discharging into each heating gas chamber in said block; in combination with a box-like protecting shoe also attached to the desurfacing machine, said shoe enclosing at least a part of Y said block and substantially enclosing all of said -nozzles except the orifice ends thereof; means for heating gas chamber; separate conduit means connected to said header and communicating with said oxidizing gas passages for supplying oxidizing gas thereto; and means enclosing each of said nozzles except the orifice end thereof for protecting said nozzles from direct contact, with the surface of a metal body against which the gas streams delivered by said nozzles are applied and for maintaining the orifices of said nozzles at a .constant distance from such surface.

8. Blowpipe apparatus for desurfacingcomprising a plurality of desurfacing nozzles each having an axial oxidizing gas passage and heating gas passages adjacent thereto, a header having therein a series of openings along the front race 'thereof for accommodating said nozzles, said nozzles being arranged closely adjacent each other in a row and spaced so that the oxidizing gas streams produced by the oxidizing gas passages of said nozzles merge to form a relativelywide substantially sheet-like desurfacing stream,

gas mixture, passages connecting said heating gas chamber with the heating gas passages of a plurality of said nozzles, a plurality of other passages in said header for conducting an oxidizing gas to the oxidizing gas passagesy of saidnozzles, means for forming and supplying said combustible gas mixture to said heating gas chamber. oxidizing gas supplying means separate lfrom -said gas mixture supplying means and header block, and a plurality of nozzles fitted into a series of openings transversely in line in said block; said block having therein a plurality of separate chambers for a heating gas mixture, separate gas passages connecting each chamber to a plurality of nozzles, and a plurality of passages for conducting an oxidizing gas to said nozzles; vin combination with a separate oxidizing gas and fuel gas mixingblowpipe connected to discharge into each heating gas chamber; and means independent ofsaid gas mixing blowpipe for supplying oxidizing gas at equal flow pressure to said oxidizing gas passages.

10. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, a header having a series of openings each of which is provided with separate communicating means adapted to delivera heating gas mixture and desurfacing oxygen to corresponding discharge passages in a desurfacing nozzle adapted to be associated therewith, said header being provided with a manifold chamber for a heating gas mixture, a separate passage connecting each of said openings with said manifoldv chamber, and other passages in said header for conducting desurfacing oxygen to each one of said openings, conduit means for supplying desurfacing oxygen, and a desurfacing oxygen chamber connected between said conduit means and said desurfacing oxygen passages, said desurfacing oxygen chamber being provided with means for longitudinally distributing said desurfacing oxygen so that it flows at substantially the same pressure in each of the desurfaclng oxygen passages.

11. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus compris- 13. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, a header blockhaving a front face provided with a series of openings, a desurfacing nozzle fitted into-each of said openings, the desurfacing nozzles'belng arranged-to perform acommon desurfacing operation, said block, having therein a chamber for a heating gas mixture, a chamberffor desurfacing oxygen having a central inlet, a longitudinal baille facing said inlet and a plurality of lateral outlets. a gas passage connecting each of said nozzlesto said heating gas chamber, and a separate passage connecting each of said nozzles to said desurfacing oxygen chamber through said lateral outlets. l

14. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, a header'block having a front .face provided with a series of openingsa desuring, in combination, a header having therein a series of openings for accommodating desurfacing nozzles, a manifold chamber for a heating gas mixture, a separate passagevconnecting each of said openings with said heating gas chamber. a manifold chamber for desurfacing oxygen having longitudinal inlet and outlet portions separated by a narow slot, a separate lateral passage connecting each of said openings with the outlet portion of said desurfacing oxygen chamber, and separate passage means extending lthrough said header for conducting a cooling fluid therethrough.

12. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, a plurality of desurfacing nozzles each having an axial desurfacing oxygen passage and heating gas passages adjacent thereto, a header' having therein a series of nozzle openings in each of which one of said nozzles is mounted, means for supplying a heating gas, a passage connecting each of said openings to said heating gas supplying means, and a passage in said header for conducting desurfacing oxygen to each of said openings, conduit means connested to said header and communicating with the desurfacing oxygen passagsfo's'pplying def surfacing oxygen thereto, and manifold means having inlets at its opposite ends for longitudinally distributing said desurfacing oxygen to said desurfacing oxygen passages so that it flows at substantially the same pressure in the desurfacing oxygen passage of each of said nozzles,

facing nozzle fitted into each of said openings, the desurfacing nozzles being arranged tov perform a common desurfacing operation, said block having therein a chamber for a heating gas mixture, a chamber for desurfacin'g oxygen,

a gas passage connecting each of said nozzlesl to said heating gas chamber, and a separate passage connecting each of said nozzles to said desurfacing oxygen chamber, said desurfacing oxygen chamber and passages comprising mani'- fold means for distributing said desurfacing oxygen so that it flows at substantially the same pressure in each of said nozzles.

15. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, a header block having therein a series of openings for accommodating desurfacing nozzles, at least one heating gas mixture chamber, a passage connecting each of a plurality of said nozzle openings with said chamb er, and'a separate passage for conducting desurfacing oxygen to each of said openings, a blowpipe connected to discharge a mixture of oxidizing gas and fuel gas into said chamber, and means independent of said blowpipefor supplying desurfacing oxygen to each desurfacin oxygen passage at' substantially the same iow pressure comprising a manifold provided with inlet;l and outlet means for longitudinally distributing oxygen uniformly therein.

16. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising. in combination, a header block having la series of openings arranged in line, a plurality of nozzles fitted into said openings, said block having therein a plurality of separate chambers for a heating gas mixture, separate gas passages connecting each of said openings with a selected one vof said heating gas chambers, said header having a separate desurfacing oxygen passage communicating with each of said nozzles, a blowpipe connected' to discharge into each of said heating gas chambers, and manifold means associated with said header block for supplying desurfacing oxygen to the desurfacing oxygen passages at equalized pressures, whereby said desurfacing nozzles are adapted to perform a common desurfacing operation.

17. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, a header block, and a plurality of desurfacing nozzles fitted into a series i of openings arranged in line along the front face adapted to discharge a heating gas mixture into each of said chambers.

18. In desurfacing apparatus, a, multiple nozzle header comprising, in combination, a block havingseparate manifold chambers for desurfac- 'a Vdesurfacing oxygen passage and a separate heating gas passage communicating with the corresponding discharge passages in each nozzle, the longitudinal axes of said desurfacing oxygen passage and heating gas passage being disposed at an angle to each other within said block.

19. A scarfing torch comprising an elongated block with a plurality of large orifices opening through a face of the block for directing oxygen iets against the surface of a metal body to be scarfed, said orifices being spaced along the length of the block, and smaller orifices opening through said face of the block around each of said oxygen orifices and communicating with distributing passages through which fuel gas is supplied to the smaller orifices for preheating flames.

2o. A scarring torch comprising a head having an elongated face with a row of orifices extending lengthwise of the face and from which scarng jets of oxygenare directed against the surface of a metal body, and other orifices opening in said face and from which preheating fuelgasjilame jets are directed toward the surface i of the metal body, one or more of the .preheating jets being located under each of the oxygen jet orifices, said other orices communicating with distributing passages in said head through which fuel gas is supplied to said other orifices for. preheating flames.

2 1. Blowpipe apparatus comprising an elongated head with a plurality of large orifices opening in a face of the head for directing oxygen jets against a surface of a metal body to be conditioned, said orifices being spacedV along' the length of said face of the head, distributing passages in said ,head for supplying oxygen to said large orifices, and smaller orifices openingto remove surface metal from contiguousgareas ci the workpiece; distributing passages iii said head through which oxygen is supplied tb said orifices: andasupportingbearingwithasurface in a fixed relation to said faccdof the elongated headv and in such angular position with respect to said face that when said bearing is in surface contact with an area of the surface of the workpiece, said orifices are in working relation to said body.

23. Blowpipe apparatus comprising block having a front face; a row of nozzles fitted to a series of openings transversely in line along said front face, said' nozzles being adapted to discharge oxidizing gas streams and heating y ames againstl a surface of a. metal body, said block having therein passages for supplying oxidizing gas to said nozzles and other passages for supplying fuel gas to said nozzles; and guiding and protecting means secured to said header block .including a bearing surface adapted to engage said surface of the body, and a nozzle protecting portion in front of said front face, said nozzle protecting portion having openings therethrough into which said nozzles project, and said bearing surface being arranged at an acute angle to saidnozzles and at a predetermined uniform spacing from the discharge ends of said nozzles.

24. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block having a front face; a row of nozzles fitted to a series of openings transversely in linealong said front face, said nozzles being adapted to discharge oxidizing gas streams and heating flames against a surface of a metal body, said block having therein passages for supplying'oxidizing gas to said nozzles and other passages for supplying fuel gas to said nozzles; and guiding and protecting means secured vto said header` block including a bearing surface adapted to engage said surface of the body, said bearing surface being arranged at an acute angle to said nozzles and at a predetermined uniform spacing from the discharge ends of said nozzles; and a 'l ted into a series ,of openings transversely in line in saidA block., said nozzles having oxidizing gas passages terminating in oblong oxidizing gas dischargeV orifices whose major cross-sectional axes are arranged substantially in alignment so as to produce a substantially continuous sheetlike stream of oxidizing gas, said nozzles also having heating gas passages therethrough; said A block having therein a plurality of passages for conducting a. heating gas to the heating gas passages of said nozzles anda plurality of oxidizing gas passages for conducting oxidizing gas to said oxidizing gas passages of the nozzles; and a shoe on said block for protecting and holding said nozzles in closely spaced alignment, said shoe having a front wall provided with openings into which said nozzles extend, and a. surface portion at a'predetermined uniform spacing from the discharge ends of said nomlesffor preventing contact of'said nozzles with a work surface.

JAMES H. BUCKNAM.

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