US2358626A - Boiler construction - Google Patents

Description

sept.19,1944. M c. CARISS 2,358,626

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Patented Sept. 19, 1944 PATENT OFFICE '2358526 e f BOILER. ooNsTaUo'rioN Carington Garysfort Cariss, Brantford, Ontario,

Canada, assgnor to Waterous Limited, Brantford, Ontario, Canada VApplication November 1s, 1940,"seria1No.366,01s

4 Claims.` (01.122-106) This invention relates :to high'pressure -boiler construction of the nre tube type. Up to the present time high pressure boiler construction in general, though relatively satisfactory, has

presented a number of prolblems in the way of 5.

on this account difficulties in getting them installed. Furthermore, such structures also present difculties from the point Vof view of operation and maintenance. Lime and other foreign material have a tendency to settle and cake within the pressure vessel thus reducing its eliciency and making it necessary at frequent intervals to scrapethe interior of the vessel through appropriate manholes and handholes. Failure to attend tothis frequently and carefully presents a positive danger of damaging the vessel through the bulging and burning of the plate. Moreover the cir-cualtion facilities are' subject to improvement. These disadvantages are overcome bythe present invention.

According to thel invention the` boiler construction includes afseries of` waterlegs Aconnected' together to form the mounting base lfor a pressure vessel and enclosing the re'boX, The pressure vessel is independent of the ibase but supportedthereon and detachably .connected with it by exterior conduits which extend between certainof the waterlegsand the vessel so as to provide for circulation of fluid therebetween; The

pressure vessel is therefore'detachable from the mounting base and the conduits are ldesigned to formpart of the supporting means for it.

Preferably'the stru cture includes auxiliaryl supports for the pressure vessel of such character as to render the connection flexible in order to compensate for expansion and contraction of the 40 parts during use. The Aauxiliary supporting means is of simple construction and is such as to protect the vital `parts of the waterlegs; y

Included in the yconstruction is an outlet conduit communicating with the bottom Vofithepressure Vessel and extending through the waterleg forming-the rear Wall of kthe mounting base, the conduit being extended to connect with the rear wall from the outside and functioning to circulate liquid between the pressure Vessel and said waterleg and at the same timeforming a positive discharge for foreign material entering the pressure vessel.

The construction is such that conduits of large cross sectional area may be employed.V and pro- 55 vision may be made for the connection of va pump to the outlet conduitso that circulation of the liquid in the boiler-system will be smooth and even.

Y The invention will be clearly understood upon consideration of the following detailed descriptionA and accompanying illustrations of its application toa double pass boiler. I

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation-of the boiler construction according to the present invention. I

e Figure 2 is a front elevation ofthe boilerconstruction. f e I Figure 3 is arear elevation.

Figure 4' is a top'plan -view.- n

Figure 5 isan enlarged sectionaldetail of the type of handhole employed@ k Figure-6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional detail, of theoonnection between the pressure vessel and the side waterlegs and also illustrates in-detailthemeans of-auxiliary support.

Figure '7 is a sectional detail of a'n alternative way of connecting the fluid legs to form the connecting ba'seior the pressure vessel.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates the boiler construction as a whole, which includes a mounting baseB made up` of four uid legs, two side fluid legs l0 and |I,'a.front fluid leg I2 and rear fluid leg I3, These iluid legs'are joined together so as to V.cormnunicate with one another, andf'to enclose the fire box of theboiler while the front leg is recessed as at I4 to provide a nre door opening or openings. The lba'se B is designed 'to support the boiler, pressure vessel or still C andthe front fluid leg isp'referably recessed as at l5 to accommodatefiti The boiler carries two series of lire tubes I6 and il so that`the products 'of combustion and vhot gases may pass from the rear end vIll of the fire box through the passage' I9 normally housing the nre arch through the series of tubes I6 to the head 20 of the boiler and thence by Way ofthe tubes I'l to the smoke fbox and outlet which is suitably hoilsed at the krear of the boiler above the nre ard. f'

The boiler is connected with the side fluid legs by means of external connections which preferably take the form of arcuate conduits 2l which provide a convenient means for detachably .connecting the boiler C' to the base B.

The conduits 2| are'mountedby formingthe boiler and the uid legsV in questionywith protruding annular pads or, bosses 22 and .23 re- SPCVe1Y,thc conduits being formed with flanges 24 and preferably bolted to the: parts 22 and 23. A gasket of metal, asbestos or other suitable material is inserted between the flanges 24 and the either cast or forged. It is essential that the;

conduits 2| and their flanges 24 be relatively heavy in construction as the side connections are opening 34 in the pressure vessel. D is provided with an annular flange 35 which is tween them, asbestos cement or other suitable material 32 is placed between these two parts, as clearly shown in Fig. 6.

The circulatory system between the pressure vessel C and the base B is -completed by including a rear circulating connection D. (See Figs. 1 and 3.) The conduit D is connected to the lower rearward surface of the pressure vessel C by means of an annular pad, boss or the like 33 which is riveted or welded around an outlet The conduit bolted or otherwise attachedto the member 33,

so designed as to form the means of carrying the weight of the upper portion Voir-pressure vessel C. At the same time these conduits are designed to be sufficiently flexible to take care of slight variation in relative position of the parts of the structure due to thermal expansion Lor, other movement.

At this point it is well to refer to an auxiliary means of support for the boiler or pressure vessel which I preferably include in the structure on account of the forces involved and the possibility 'of damage to life or property in the event of any The support takes the form ofV a heavy angleV iron 25, the lower horizontal portion thereof 26 projecting from the side of the pressure -ves's'el over the top of the side' fluid legs |0 and Il. I The upper and substantially vertical section 21 lies along the side ofthe pressure vessel and is attached to the latter by means offsuitable studs 28 designed to pass through the shell of the pressure vessel and if desredinto a'reinforcing plate 29 which is welded or otherwise secured along the inside of the vpressurevessel C. This latter reinforcing plate'may 'be used, if necessary, to obtain sufficient support forthe studs. j

As the pressure vessel, when heated or cooled, will change its length relatively to the'angle 'bar or bars 25, the. holes in the portion 21 of thelatter, throughwhich the studs pass, VKare elongated or formed in the manner of a slot extending in the longitudinal direction of the vpressure'vessel which will allow for such expansion. Y

In those cases where the angle iron or irons 25 are employed to transfer the weight of the pressure vessel .C onto the fluid legs making up the base Bradditional construction is preferably employed. This may take the form of ribs 30which may be formed from suitable bar section welded along to the upper portion of the fluid leg at each side in spaced apart relation to each other, the ribs projecting above the upper surface of the fluid leg and forming a mounting upon which the portion 26 of the angle iron or irons 25 lmay bear as clearly shown in Fig. 6. This construction` protects the welded joint 3| along the'top of theV fluid legs. Y f

Thus, in a simple manner the independent pressure vessel C is adequately supported on the base B and in such a manner as to compensate for movement due to expansion and contraction. Moreover, as willbe appreciated the connections are of simple character while durable and therefore readily permit the mounting orl demounting of thel pressure vessels C on its base. i

To complete connection betweenthe pressure vessel and its base and prevent gas leakage bf?- the preferred construction including an annular groove' inthe member 33. The conduit D is bent preferably to 'proj ect horizontally and rearwardly of the 'pressure vessel passing through the rear fluid leg I3 by means of a suitable enlarged opening l3| which is preferably of round or oval cross section and packed withrasbestos or other soft material 31 in order to prevent gas leakage from the f-lre box without interfering with the free Y movement of the conduit.Y This movement may be due vto changes in temperature or slightly re1-v ative movement between the pressure vessel C and the fluid leg I3.

On the ,outside of the fluid leg 3 conduit D terminates in a flanged head 38. 'Ihe flange 38 is removablevin order to permit the conduit to be mounted or removed. This flange may be screwed on the conduit, expanded on or attached by means of. welding that can be subsequently chipped off. The removable flange thus obviates the necessity of providing an extremely large Yopening 36 through the waterleg v|3.

.The conduit Dis designed to connect with the bottom of the fluid leg I3. The exact arrangement of the pipe connections will, of course, depend on the particular conditions prevailing, the important factor being that piping should be of sufficientV length and properly arranged to permit a certain amount of flexibility and also to permit clean-out facilities. A suitable arrangement is shown in Fig. 1 wherein a short flanged pipe secT tion 39 is provided, one end being bolted or other- Wise fastened to the flange 38 with suitable gas-- ket material therebetween and the other having applied thereon a blank flange 40`in any suitable manner. The pipe section 39 is provided with la side opening flanged as at 4| and to this maybe connected a suitable flanged elbow-fitting 42V (see Fig. 3), connected to a flanged pipe section 43. At thebottom of the fluid leg |3 a short flanged pipe section 44 similar to section 39 is secured to a suitable annular pad or boss 45 mounted Avon the outer surface of the waterleg and surrounding an inlet opening 46 to the interior of this fluid leg. The pipe section 44 at the opposite end is closed by a blank flange 46 while by means of an opening in the side of this section flanged as at 41 and a flanged elbow-f1tting 48, the pipe section 44 is connected to the section 43. Thus a circulating path between the lower end of the pressure vessel and the lower end of the fluid leg |3 is provided.

The structure and connection of the conduit D between'the pressure vessel C and fluid leg I3 is such as to permit the use of a conduit or pipe system of large cross sectional area which will permit free circulation fromV the pressurevessel C to'fluid leg I3 and owing to the large diameter of thisrpipe and the free circulation of water or other fluid therein it will remain comparatively cool and cannot be seriously damaged by the hot gases fromA the f'lre or other manner of heating,

aasaze which necessarily traverse vthe path. of: the con-v duit within the base B. Thus it is not` generally necessary to protect *the .conduit furtherljrom these'gases. 1

As an additional precaution, however,=against any possible damage duev to extreme heats. .a shielding jacket 49 in .the .form'of a split fitting may be applied on the conduit D to .surround it,

the twoparts of the tting being peripherally anged and-bolted or. otherwise .secured together. Suitable internal spacing ribsll are vprovidedto formzan air.l channel between the conduit and but not necessarily always, water;`

The connections for the conduit B .outside` the fluid leg I3 may include blow-off valve 5| while these connections are so designed that a pump can be placed at any convenient point in the external piping. Such pump, where employed, would be designed to stand the maximum working pressure and temperature of the boiler and would be of such a capacity that sufficient water could be circulated to allow a larger output to be produced from the boiler without danger of the re box portion becoming dry. Such a pump can be of any capacity found desirable but should have a capacity of not less than ten times the normaloutput of the boiler or pressure vessel. Such device may be used to increase the speed of circulation and to assist in maintaining a uniform temperature throughout the pressure vessel as well as to increase the speed at which the contents of the pressure vessel may be heated without damage.'

By locating the conduit D at the bottom of the pressure vessel as shown any scale or foreign material that usually builds up within the vessel and requires constant attention by Way of frequent cleaning out through the handholes or i manholes is eliminated. This is readily discharged through the conduit D by reason of its position, its large size and the smooth and even flow of fluid through it, the material being finally delivered to the bottom Aof the fluid leg I3 where it can be cleaned out in the usual manner. It will be apparent that the conduit D and its connections are readily mountable and demountable and easy of access so that on the whole the pressure vessel may be readily separated from the mounting base and vice versa. y

An alternative form of construction of the iluid leg system is illustrated in Fig. 7 wherein each fluid leg is independent of the other but` connected by means of external pipes or tubes 52 extending from a point adjacent to the marginal edge of each fluid leg to a corresponding point on the adjacent fluid leg. This type of construction obviates the difliculties experienced in making larger water cooled re boxes for boilers or other devices which becomes a more dicult problem in larger sizes owing to the weight and extreme dimensions that must be handled. Moreover, it is, of course, also dilcult tc handle such large units in one piece when vshipping or installing.

.The Vvpipes v52 lconnecting .each separate unit with an adjacent unit'may becastings or forgingsor 'may be built .up frompipe and to avoid leakage'of airand gasesjbetweenthe cornersof lthe `sections-...so united,y the corners are pack'd .withf'high temperature..cementV 53. This construction, while readilyV applied to the type. of boiler-.shown .in .the present application can be used in .the construction oflocomotive boilers, water tube or practically any type of boiler and may valso be employed in `stills for process vessels. It..will bevappreciated that such construction lends .itself particularly-'well to the structure previously described in this application.` l

The Lconstruction alsoVincorporates an vimprove-d type oi handhole illustrated in Fig. 5 for the purpose of cleaning the iire box legs. f It is necessary toprovide openings that can be readily opened and closed and of sufficient size to permitready access to the space betweenthe plates of the legs; A new type of 'handhole is shown as applied to -a double curved surface such Vas the point of juncture between two ofthe iiuid legs although it may be freadily adapted to a l single curved surface. The construction includes a projecting collar or stub sleeve which is cast or forged to fit the surface ofthe fluid leg'of theboiler.` This is attached tothe outerQplate of the leg by means of rivets 54 which are countersunk into the upper end of the sleeves, the number of rivets depending of course, upon the size of the opening required and the pressure involved. The cover plate 55 is attached to the sleeve 53. by means of suitable studs 56 used in suicie'nt number and of a sizeto insure that the cover 55 can be pulled tightly upon the end of the sleeve. A gasket 5l of soft metal, as-

. bestos, rubber or other suitable material capable of withstanding the pressures and temperatures involved is interposed between these two parts. This construction permits ready access tothe interior of the fluid leg and provides a strong structure subject to long wear avoiding the possibility of leakage.

It is apparent from the foregoing that the construction for uniting the two parts together it can be easily installed as well as readily dismantled. This structure also is stronger than prior structures wherein the water legs were frequently connected to the pressure vessel thus weakening it as it necessitated cutting away part of the cylindrical circumference of-the shell.

In extremely large structures the use of completely unitary iluid legs independent of one another and joined by exterior circulating connections are of particular advantage as each section may be shipped separately, while. the sections also are easily erected and assembled.

The circulatory system also presents an advance in the art while the outlet portion of the system readily avoids the difficulty of the accumulation of foreign material within the boiler proper.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. High pressure boiler construction comprising Water legs forming a mounting base for a pressure vessel, a pressure vessel independent of and supported by said base, detachable external conduits extending between certain of said water legs and said pressure vessel to circulate fluid therebetween, brackets fastened to the pressure vessel and projecting outwardly therefrom, and bracket supporting means extending'along the upper surfaces of certain of the fluid legs and on opposite sides of the center lines thereof, said means. projecting above said upper surfaces to support the brackets in Vspaced relation to said center lines. Y i

,;'2.=High pressure boiler construction comprising a series of water legs forming a mounting base for a pressure vessel and enclosing the fire box therefor, a pressure vessel independent of but supported on said base, detachable external conduits extending between certain .of said water legs and said pressure vessel to circulate uid therebetween, said external conduits forming a part of the supporting means for the pressure vessel, brackets fastened to the pressure vessel and projecting outwardly therefrom, and ribs Secured to and extending longitudinally of the upper surfaces of certain fluid legs on both sides of the center line thereof and projecting above said upper surfaces to receive said brackets in bearing f engagement.

3.1m high pressure boiler construction` employving a pressure vessel and fluid legs enclosing a fire box and connectedvto and supporting said vessel, a fluid outlet comprising a conduit connected to the lower` surface of the vessel and extending through the wall of one of said legs near the rear of the fire box, a portion of said conduit extending exteriorly of said leg and connecting therewithnear the bottom thereof, to permit flow Y of uid from said vessel to said leg, and said leg to which the conduit is connected having a handhole. thereinnear the bottom thereof.

4. In high pressure boiler construction employing a vpressure vessel and fluidY legsV enclosing a rebox and connected to and supporting said vessel, a fluid outlet comprising a vconduit connected to the vlower-surface of the vessel and extending through the wall of one of said legs near the rear of the fire box, a portion of said conduit extending exteriorly of said leg and connecting therewith near Ythe bottom thereof to permit flow of fluid from said vessel to said leg, said conduit being formed indetachable sections exteriorly of the water leg including two horizontal sections and a substantially vertical section oiset from said horizontal sections to permit relative movement between said pressure vessel and said water leg.

CARINGTON CARYSFORT CARISS.'

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