US2230181A - Starting device - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 23, 1941. H. CORDES ETAL l 2,230,181

` STARTING DEVICE -4 Filed Jn. 11, 1938 4 sneetsvsneet 1 H. CORDES EI'AL STARTING DEVICE Jan. 28, 1941.

Filed Jan. 1l, 1938' Figlla 5 v 4 Sheets-Sheelt 2 Jam@ Jan. 28, 1941. H coRDl-:S EjAL.

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STARTING DEVICE Filed Jan. 11,` 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Jan. 28,A 1941 PATENT oFFicE STARTING DEVICE llugo Cordes and Paul Pfeiffer, Hamburg- Altona, Germany Application January 11, 1938, Serial No. 184,500 In Germany February 2, 1937 5 Claims.

In starting devices of this type at presentv known a disadvantage arises from the fact that the grip device for lifting the ram can be released and the ram can be dropped only if the hammer rests upon the pile. The drop and downward acceleration of the rain consequently begin only after the hammer rests upon the pile, so that only the rarnniing and falling height provided within the cylinder will be available fol' starting purposes. When cold the oil in the cylinder is very viscous and Olten dirticd by iinpurities from the exhaust gases. Besides, a vacuum results above. the ram during its dropping, which vacuum cannot be completely overcorne by the air inlet valve, it being not possible for practical reasons to make such valve of adequate size, to entirely prevent the formation of a partial vacuum. In cold weather the falling height available for starting under these conditions will not suice, it is therefore desirable to raise the lifted ram together with the cylinder from the pile and to simultaneously drop both parts. At the time of the cylinders meeting the pile the ram will have such a falling speed that in connection with the falling speed given the ram when falling within the cylinder, it will suice for starting. For ythis purpose a grip device is required which reliably releases the ram when the cylinder has met the pile.

In Figs. 1-14 some embodiments of the invention are schematically represented, by way of example.

Fig. l is a view of one form of the starting device in longitudinal section, the longitudinally movable tie-rod with the grip-hook being held from rotation;

' Fig. 2 shows a second form of the device with the grip-hook engaged;

Fig. 3 is a view of the device shown in Fig. 2 but with the grip device lowered and the coupling bar disengaged;

Fig. 4 is a view, partly in section, and partly.

in elevation of a third form of grip-device and a ram and cylinder, the ram being in its lower- I most position (Cl. 12S-7) Fig. 5 is a vertical section at right angles to Fig. 4, with the ram lifted by the grip device to its uppermost position in the cylinder;

Fig'. 6 shows in detail the upper part of the cylinder of Fig. 5 and the grip device on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6, the grip device being released;

Fig. 8 is an edge'view of a special form of a chain used in this third form;

Fig. 8a. is a face View of this chain;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail of the upper part of Fig. 4.

Fig. 10 is a section on the line X-X of Fig. 9;

Fig. l1 is a detail of the latching means on a greatly enlarged scale;

Fig. l2 is a front view of a certain cage used in the third form;

Fig. 13 is a side View of this cage; and

Fig. 14 is a plan-view of this cage.

In the form shown in Fig. 1 there is disclosed a cylinder casing I through the top of which a tie-rod 2 is arranged t0 slide vertically. To the said tie-rod a grip-hook I0 is pivotally fixed, being urged to its engaged positionby a spring II. In the cylinder casing I is journalled a shaft 'I on which is fixed a hook 3. Also the shaft I has fixed thereon a lever 8 to which is attached a rope I4. The hook 3 is held in engaged position beneath an arm Ia of the hook lil by a spring 4. The cylinder casing I may rest upon` a support. for instance, a pile. Inside the said casing is a vertically movable rain I3. When dropping down, the said ram strikes the said support. The ram I3 is provided with a recess I3a having a peripheral groove 33 in which the grip-hook I0 may engage. A key I5 engages a splineway I5a so that the tie-rod 2 is prevented from rotating. The lifting rope I6 is fixed to the tie-rod 2.

In the embodiment according to Figs. 2 and 3, the grip-hook Ib is pivoted to the lower end of a `v`movablesleeve 5. Vertically above the point where the grip-hook Ib engages the ram I3c, the grip-hook rests with the face of its hooked portion on the tie-rod 2a. The upward movenient of the said sleeve 5 is limited by a collar I8 xed on a tie-rod 2a. By means of a plunger or dog 3a urged to engage a groove 2e on the sleeve 5 by a spring 4a the said sleeve 5 may be latched to the cylinder casing Ia. A shaft 'Ia is mounted on the cylinder la and has levers 6a and 8a, xed thereto, the lever 6a engaging the dog 3a and the lever 8a being connected to a rope Maf,

.The dog'3a can be disengaged by means of levers 6a and 8a upon drawing on the rope Ida.

Ifthe ram is elevated in the cy'nnder and the cylinder and ram are dropped on a pile which allows the hoisting rope,|6 to go slack, the tierod continues to descend due to its own weight until the collar I8 cornes to rest on the sleeve 5 which is held by dog 3a. The various parts are now in the position shown in Fig. 3 except for the fact that the sleeve is latched to the top of the cylinder. during this further descent of the tie-rod 2a and disengages the hook Ib from the ram |3c. However, the'latch I2 only maintains the hook Illb v in its disengaged position when the hoisting rope I6 is slack and the sleeve 5 is held at the top of the cylinder by the dog 3a.

The upper portion IIld ofthe hook meniber IIb functions in the following manner. When the member 2a is depressed, the member I2 tilts the hooi; to free it from engagement with the member I 3c, but when the member 2a is raised after the latch has been depressed by contact with the ram I 3c, the portion IIld is engaged by the portion 2e fand is biased to engage with the member I3c.

In the forms shown in Figs. 2-3 the ram is provided with a bore 39 for guided-reception of the lower end 2e of the member 2a.

The method of. operating the rst form is as follows: i

For starting operation a lifting rope I6 is connected to the top part of tie-rod 2. After this the shaft by drawing the rope I4 downwardly is rotated to such an extent that the hook 3 is dis-` engaged. Upon loosening the lifting cable the tie-rod 2 with the parts attached to it will drop down on account of its dead weight. The griphook I0 will latch with ram I3. By means of lifting rope I6 the rod 2 is now lifted together with ram I3. In the uppermost position of the tie rod with respect to the casing the hook 3 is automatically engaged with arm Illa thus holding in engaged position the hook 3. This prevents the tie-rod from reentering the cylinder beyond a certain point, the reentering action being the means used to trip the hook free of the ram. Upon further upward action of the lifting cable the whole hammer is lifted, while hook I0 continues to engage the ram. The automatic re` leasing of the ram I3 is effected by sudden loosening of the lifting rope I6 after the ram has i come to rest on the pile head. By this means the tie-rod 2 is moved a little downward in the casing thus causing hook I0 to be released.

In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the grip-hook l0 is already shown in its disengaged position. Rod 2v has already dropped down on account of loosening the lifting cable. During this operation the contact face between parts l0 and 3 has been the centre of rotation about which hook I0 has rotated.

For starting the second modification, shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the sleeve 5 is disengaged from the top portion of the cylinder by pulling the rope |4a, thereby unlatching the dog 3a against the action of spring 4a. Upon loosening the hoisting cable I6 the tie-rod 2a together with sleeve 5 travels down. When latch I 2 strikes the ram |3c (as shown in Fig. 3), the spring |Ia is compressed by the weight of the tie-rod. Then the weight of sleeve turns hook Ib about face Illd of its hoisting cable enters the cylinderthe ram I3c is The latch I2 acts on the hook |013,

provided with a bor 39.

The ram is thenhoisted within the cylinder, and upon furtherv tie-rod is travelling further down, the face ||ldv.10

of the hook no longer nds a support on the tierod. Hook |017 turns aboutrbolt I9 in sleeve 5 accordingly, and the ram is unlatched from the hook.

By means of the latch I2 the grip-hook may be held in its disengaged position, so that it will not be able to grip the ram I3c while the latter is in operation, even if the lifting cable'IB is raised again until the member 2a has been fully raised.

The grip gear according to Figs. 4-14 for the ram comprises a cage with tapered levers I0c, as shown on an enlarged scale in Figs. 1l and 13. Furthermore a wedge rod 2| is inserted from above into the slot 22 of the cage l2|), and the tapered levers I0c are pivoted within cage 2D by bolts 23. If the tapered levers |00 are to be released, the wedge rod 2| is lowered down to the face 24 of cage 20. The wedge rod 2| is secured to a drum 25 by means of a chain 3'I. Releasing levers 26 pivotally mounted on shaft 35 cooperate Withthe said wedge rod 2| and drum 25 in such a way that levers 26 support the cage 20 by means of lugs28 on the cage 20. Y

If cage 20 is suspended .from the wedge rod 2|, the tapered levers I0c engage at their lower ends against the faces 29 on the lower end of the rod and against faces 30 on the upper end of wedge rod 2|.

'I'he three views, Figs. 12, 13 and 14, showing the cage 20 clearly disclose the suspension lugs 28, which rest on the faces 3| of releasing lever 26.

Fig. 11 shows an annular inclined shoulder 32, formed in the bore 33a of ram |3d and has a v steeper angle than face 29 of the wedge rod 2|.

As in Fig. 10 the releasing levers 26 are provided with an engaging spring 34 (see also Fig. 6) The levers 26 are fixed on the shaft 35 and the-disengaging lever 8b for the cable Mb is also xed on shaft 35. 36 designatesV a screwed in bolt securing the tie chain 31 to the drum 25.

For permitting a proper co-operation of members |0c with 32, for guiding cage 20, a pipewardly so that the chain 31 is unwound, the lugs 28 of cage 20 will engage the surfaces V(II of the releasing levers 26, the latter being retained by spring 34. Upon further downward movement, cage 20 with the tapered levers Ic is latched,

while the-Wedge rod 2| continues to drop, thus! permitting the tapered levers I0c to unlatch from the ram so that it may drop freely. Upon further rotation of drum 25, the-faces 40 of drum 25 engage faces 3|, Figs. 6 and 7, and are locked by releasing lever 26, so that during the operation of A2radzone;

whatwe claim is:

vram |3d the wholeA lifting and releasing-mechpile. The ,cylinder Arod 2| ycontinue to move so that thetapered ley,maintained in /its lowered position and 'the' tapered leversv ||ic remain unlatchcd in orderpulley (Fig.

anism, comprisingl parts supported by the drum. The wedge rod 2| is that the ram i3d cannot be latched by the tapered levers iilc even in its uppermost position.`

Upon dropping the' whole pile driving hammer with its ram lifted; the. speed of ram-|3d andof cylinder Ib will ybe the` same when meeting the while the tie member (chain) 31 and the wedge pressure of importance, bythe .action of the weight ofthe ram on the inclined surfaces of thel tapered levers, the wedge rod 2| and ram Upon lifting the grip device, the releasing 1evers 26 automatically give way. For releasing the grip gear, the cable |4b is tensioned, releasing levers 26 by means of lever 8b and shaft 35 compressing the engaging spring 34.

Diesel hammers of the larger sizes are difcult to lift by a single rope and are preferably lifted by means of a cable passing around a loose pulley, such hammers having their height increased bythe construction height 4of the loose For reducing this extra construction height, a drum 25 is arranged inside the cylinder ib, the said drum having a shaft 4| projecting laterally from the cylinder.

Toothed wheels 42 are mounted on both shaft ends and areengaged by racks 43. The tops of said racks are connected uby a yoke 44 on which the loosepulley 45 is mounted.` The diameter of drum 25 in proportion of the diameter of the toothed wheels can be increased according to the proportion of the weight of ram i3d tol that of cylinder ib. The Weight lof cylinder ib should. however.' be considerably greater than that of ram i3d, not only for structural reasons but also in view of the fact that it will have to resist lift due to the retarding air pressure above ram i3d. It thus will be possible to lift `the ram by means of racks having a considerably lower lift than the ram.

The chain wheel 25 and chain 31 with the rack 43 and the parts carried by it are shown only by way of example as a particular embodiment for a special purpose of application of the invention, i. e. if the loose pulleyv45 is to be used (see Figs. 4 and 5). However, in the place of such an auxiliary means a direct transmission may be used. The chain 31 can be connected directly with the lifting cable or any connection known in itself can be made with the said'cablev it being understood that the locking partsliil and v 28 are made of corresponding shape.

If for any reasons the lifted ram i3d should not be released, the releasing lever 26 may be prevented from engaging by pulling on cable I4b.

or when engaged the said lever can be released in the same way.

For reducing as much as possible the diameter of the chain drumv in the cylinder cover, the

tie member 31 is a link chain, one half comprising a single strand and the other half comprising two chain strands, arranged to permit 13/4 windings on the drum. For the same purpose a chain 31a according to Figs. 8 and 8a. could be used, the links of which are riveted together in staggered form and are wound on the drum in spiral shape.

20, Illc, 2|,v and 38:154

Ib will b e suddenly stopped,

ycylinder having operative connection with the Acylinder lifting means, ldownward'movement of said vertically and means controlled by movable means for releasing the latch from the groove andthereby freeing `the ram.

2. In a device for thepurpose. set forth and having a cylinder, lifting means therefor and a ram slidable in said cylinder and provided with a circumferentially grooved recess in its upper end; latch means for releasably holding the ram elevated in said cylinder including a pivoted latch member movable into and out of the ram' lrecess to engage in said groove, means for urging the latch member in engagement in said groove, a tie rod slidable through the upper end of the cylinder, and means controlled by downward movement of said tie rod for releasing the latch member from the groove and thereby freeing the ram.

3. In a device for the purpose set forth andhaving a cylinder, lifting means therefor and a ram slidable in said cylinder and provided with a circumferentially grooved recess in its upper end; latch means for releasably holding the ram elevated in said cylinder including a, pivoted latch member movable into and out of the ram recess to engage in said groove, means for urging the latch member in engagement in said groove, a tie rod slidable through Vthe upper end of the cylinder, means controlled'by downward movement of said tie rod for releasing the latch member from the groove and `thereby freeing the ram, and manually releasable means for preventing downward movement of the tie rod beyond a certain point.

4. In a device for the purpose set forth and having a cylinder, liftingmeans therefor and a ram slidable in said cylinder and provided with a circumferentially grooved recessin its upper end; latch means for releasably holding the ram elevated in said cylinder including a pivoted latch member vmovable into and out of the ram recess to engage in said groove, means for urging the latch member in engagement in said groove, a tie rod slidable through the upper end of the cylinder, means controlled by downward movement movement of the tie rod engaging the latch member.

HUGO CORDES. PAUL PFEIFFER.

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