US2210556A - Enamelware making - Google Patents
Enamelware making Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2210556A US2210556A US284246A US28424639A US2210556A US 2210556 A US2210556 A US 2210556A US 284246 A US284246 A US 284246A US 28424639 A US28424639 A US 28424639A US 2210556 A US2210556 A US 2210556A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- enamelware
- pigment
- coating
- making
- article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 208000018999 crinkle Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- JLATXDOZXBEBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-);sulfide Chemical group [S-2].[Se-2].[Cd+2].[Cd+2] JLATXDOZXBEBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004534 enameling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000406799 Deto Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001579016 Nanoa Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POJOORKDYOPQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+) 5-chloro-2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].C1=C(Cl)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)=C1S([O-])(=O)=O.C1=C(Cl)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)=C1S([O-])(=O)=O POJOORKDYOPQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940065285 cadmium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical group [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 substantially 10.5% Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D5/06—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers producing designs or letters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D5/08—Applying enamels non-uniformly over the surface
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production of enamelware, and, specifically, to the production circumstances a skin apparently forms upon the air interface of the molten layer of coating, and
- This surface, finish has been called crinkle finish.
- coloring matter may be included in the composition of the coating; that, ifcoloring matter be present, it may not be itself a compound of reducing nature; for, if it is, the desired crinkle finish will not develop; And the inference is suggested, that the skin that forms upon the air interface of themolten layer of coating may be formed by oxidation.
- a typical pigment of reducing nature is cadmium sulpho-selenide. It is widely used in the enameling industry to produce a clear and brilliant red color. If cadmium sulpho-selenide be present as pigment in the coating, although antimony trioxide in excess together with a fluoride be present, still the crinkle finish will not develop.
- My present invention lies in a procedure that enables me to use pigments of reducing nature, and still to gain'thecrinklefinish. I resort to the expedient of overspraying. I form the frit and prepare and apply the slip in usual manner,
- an overspray material that includes in its composition a fluoride together with an antimony compound of trivalent character and that, when it has been fused and solidified, is transparent or translucent.
- the intensity of color may be varied, and by including inthe overspray other pigment (having no reducing efiect) I may modify the color of th product.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
Patented Aug. 6, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ENAMELWARE MAKING Jacob E. Rosenberg, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor to Enamelers Guild, Inc., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application July 13, 1939, Serial No. 284,246
. 3 Claims. This invention relates to the production of enamelware, and, specifically, to the production circumstances a skin apparently forms upon the air interface of the molten layer of coating, and
in the cooling and solidification of the layer the underlying body of glass (it would seem) contracts slightly, with the effect of causing the skin to wrinkle and the wrinkles to organize 2 themselves into groups radiating from centres that seem to be determined by chance. The minutely waved surface, in the formation of which order and chance are combined, under the light of day relieves monotony of appearance and imposes upon an otherwise plane surface a pattern that closely resembles the surface pattern of galvanized iron. The appearance is pleasing. This surface, finish has been called crinkle finish." I In the specification of the earlier application named it has been said that coloring matter may be included in the composition of the coating; that, ifcoloring matter be present, it may not be itself a compound of reducing nature; for, if it is, the desired crinkle finish will not develop; And the inference is suggested, that the skin that forms upon the air interface of themolten layer of coating may be formed by oxidation.
A typical pigment of reducing nature is cadmium sulpho-selenide. It is widely used in the enameling industry to produce a clear and brilliant red color. If cadmium sulpho-selenide be present as pigment in the coating, although antimony trioxide in excess together with a fluoride be present, still the crinkle finish will not develop.
This failure I impute to the activity of the selenide in taking up oxygen, and so preventing the formation of the skin of the hypothesis.
My present invention lies in a procedure that enables me to use pigments of reducing nature, and still to gain'thecrinklefinish. I resort to the expedient of overspraying. I form the frit and prepare and apply the slip in usual manner,
including the desired pigment; and I prepare an overspray material that includes in its composition a fluoride together with an antimony compound of trivalent character and that, when it has been fused and solidified, is transparent or translucent. I apply the overspray to the out- 5 spread layer of pigmented coating (the layer may or may not have been preliminarily dried and baked), and I then fire the whole in an oxidizing atmosphere. In the firing, the overspray seals the pigment from the access of air, the skin 10 forms, and in the cooling velops.
The overspray compounded according to the formula given in the Baldwin application alluded the crinkle finish deto above may be as follows:
Parts Dehydrated borax (NagB4O1) 15.4 Soda ash (Na2CO3) 6.5 Silica (SiO2) 23.8 m
Feldspar (NaK.OA12Os.6SiOz) 33.2 Cryolite (NasAlFe) 10.5 Fluorspar (CaFz) 4.3 Antimony trioxide (SbiOt) 8.5 Nitrate of soda (NaNOa); 3.2 35
In the smelting, while there is a small loss. in total weight, there is no loss in the weights of the cryolite and the antimony trioxide constituents; and it will be found that in the frit these two constituents will continue-cryolite, substantially 10.5%, and antimony trioxide, substantially 8.5%.
By varying the degree of translucency of the overspray the intensity of color may be varied, and by including inthe overspray other pigment (having no reducing efiect) I may modify the color of th product.
- In the ensuingmlaims I shall use the term clear enamel in the sense that is familiar in the industry, definitive of material which, sprayed upon and fired upon the otherwise prepared article, will afiord a surface layer that is lighttransmitting. 4
While it is true that in the enameling industry of today the only pigment of reducing nature in general use, other than cadmium sulphoselenide is cadmium sulphide (a pigment that gives an intense yellow color to the ware), the invention is pertinent, in that case and in any other-case as well, in which a pigment of reducing nature is employed.
It remains only to say that the industry knows how to develop within the molten substance of glass from other cadmium and selenium compounds the particular pigments that I have named; and it will be understood that I mean to include in the field of practice 01 my invention such production of pigment.
I claim as myinvention: I
1. The method herein described of producing an article of enamelware of crinkle finish which consists in spreading upon the surface-of the article to be enameled a vitreous coating that includes a pigment of reducing nature, over- ,s'praying such coating with a coating of milled clear enamel that carries, in association with a fluoride, an antimony compound of trivalent character, firing in an oxidizing atmosphere, and
cooling.
2. The method herein described of producing an article of enamelware of crinkle finish. which consists in spreading upon the surface or 'the article to be enameled a vitreous coating that iricludes as a pigment cadmium sulpho selenide, 'overspraying .such coating with a coating of milled clear enamel that carries, in association with a fluoride, an antimony compound of trivalent character, firing in an oxidizingatmosphere,
and cooling.
3. The method herein described of producing an article of enamelware of crinkle finish which consists in spreading upon the surface of the article to be enameled a vitreous coating that
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US284246A US2210556A (en) | 1939-07-13 | 1939-07-13 | Enamelware making |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US284246A US2210556A (en) | 1939-07-13 | 1939-07-13 | Enamelware making |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2210556A true US2210556A (en) | 1940-08-06 |
Family
ID=23089446
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US284246A Expired - Lifetime US2210556A (en) | 1939-07-13 | 1939-07-13 | Enamelware making |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2210556A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3979542A (en) * | 1974-09-26 | 1976-09-07 | American Standard, Inc. | Decorative procelain enamel surface and method for making |
| FR2516020A1 (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-05-13 | Toru Mashida | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING DECORATIVE OBJECTS |
-
1939
- 1939-07-13 US US284246A patent/US2210556A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3979542A (en) * | 1974-09-26 | 1976-09-07 | American Standard, Inc. | Decorative procelain enamel surface and method for making |
| FR2516020A1 (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-05-13 | Toru Mashida | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING DECORATIVE OBJECTS |
| US4447473A (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1984-05-08 | Toru Mashida | Method of producing decorative objects |
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