US2269899A - Apparatus for forging and forming balls - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 13, 1942. F. H. G. BRANDT APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND FORMING BALLS Filed 001'.. 16, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet l l l l lli:

INVENTOR.

FRED H. G. BRANDT 77% ATTORNEY Jan. 13, 1942. F. H. G. BRANDT 2,269,899r

APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND FORMING BALLS Filed Oct. 16, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 .N MKDQE INVENTOR M /f f U. l U E V 5? M vll WENN? www? n. m; .,M.. m WN m M w l v. /vvv M .l1 n /N/ FRED H. G. BRANDT 'ATTORNY Jan. i3, 1942. F. H. G. BRANDT APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND FORMING BALLS Filed OCT.. 16, 1959 5 SheeiZS-Sheel 3 FIGURE 3.

INVENTOR. FRED H. G. BRANDT BY ATTORNEY Jan. 13, 1942. F. H. G. BRANDT 2,269,899

APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND FORMING BALLS Filed Oct. 16, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 3m 'lsb 755x 75 |09 Hur-mf mil-m /IHL l, 32 WM Y 76 loe F|GURE 5. l FIGURE 6.

l 31| 3| Ho |02 uimlin I FIGURE 7,

INVENToR. FRED H. G. BRANDT www# y( A TTORNE Y Patented Jan. 13, 1942 APPARATUS FOR. FORGING AND FRMING e BALLS Fred Henry Gerhard Brandt, Kansas City, Mo.

Application October 16, 1939, Serial No. 299,689` In Canada ctober18, 1938 3 Claims.

This invention relates to the Apparatus for forging and forming balls and more particularly to that type that forms the balls from a steel rod. These balls are usually used for ball mill grinding but are not restricted to this use.

An object of the present invention is to form an oval shaped rod from a round rod with rotating dies, another pair of co-operating rotating dies with their axes turned substantially 90 degrees from the axes of the previous dies to receive and form the oval shaped rod into ball portions with poles integrally connecting therebetween, and a third pair of co-operating rotating dies with their axes substantially paralleling the first mentioned pair of dies to receive the balls in a position to eliminate the equator marks of the previous dies and shear the poles, thereby forging and separating the balls preparatory for a finishing machine, if further refinement is desired.

Another object of the present invention is to provide apparatus to forge or knead the metal beyond the shape of the balls in one direction and then forging the shape partially back into sphere or ball shapes with the exception of poles integrally connecting the bal1s,^the balls then being forged in a different direction and severed by rotating shear dies.

Another object of the present invention is to provide three pair of co-operating rotating dies forforging a rod into balls, each pair of dies forming a portion ofthe ball and being adjustable therebetween so that the different dies can be properly synchronized or registered, the adjustment between each pair of dies being separated from the other adjustments to take care of Another object of the present invention is t0v provide one die of each pair of dies with a hinge adjustment, a screw takeup and a spring cam and lever release whereby the dies can be properly adjusted.

With these and other objects in view the invention further consists in the combination of elements illustrated in the accompanying drawings, described in the specifications, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view illustrating theimproved forging machine with certain portions broken away to show certain details.

Figure 2 is a front view in elevation of the improved ball forging machine with certain fragments broken away to illustrate the interior, the shaft and rails being broken away to save illustrating space.

Figure 3 is a sectional view in elevation taken on line 3--3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a sectional view in elevation taken on line 4 4 of Figure 1, this sectional view being similar to a view taken on line 4a of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is an enlarged detailed view of one of the first pair of dies illustrating the elliptical shaped recess for distorting the rod beyond the desired spherical diameters in one direction, a portion of die being broken away to suiciently illustrate.

Figure 6 is an enlarged detailed view of one of the second pair of dies illustrating the sphericallike recesses for forming the elliptical shaped portions of the rod into balls with poles connecting therebetween, a portion of the die being broken away to illustrate.

Figure 7 is an enlarged detailed view of one of the third pair of dies for shearing the poles between the balls with certain portions being broken away to suiliciently illustrate; thus completing the forging operation and if further refinement is desired they may be heated and finished in a ball finishing machine, the ball finishing machine and furnace for heating the balls not being shown in this application.

Figure 8 is a still further enlarged fragmentary view of the rolls for forging the balls with thin poles from the oval shaped rod.

Figure 9 is a view of the same rod turned substantially degrees on its axis and of the same scale but passing through the last pair of rolls to remove the equator marks and polar connections by forging and shearing.

Figure 10 is an end view of the rod showing the ball formation on the end thereof, a dotted cross section of the integral poles, and the oval formed from the round rod while passing through the first dies. This rod is illustrated with the same scale as Figures 8 and 9.

The rails B are formed in an inverted T shape with a slot 8a in the stem portion for the bolts 9 and bevel edges l0 for retaining and supporting th'e housings Il, I2 and I3, the housings having their respective shoes I4, I5 and I8 arranged to slide on the T stem shaped portions of the rails. The housings are slotted at' I1, I8 and I9 to receive the bolts 8 so that they may be clamped into any adjusted position on the rails.

The housing II is integral with the shoes I4 and is formed to receive the bearing flanged sleeves 29 held in place by the screws 2i, the screws passing through the flanges into the housing I I. A pair of flanged bushings 22 receive a right angle spiral gear 28 with a square hole 23a therethrough to provide a driving means with the horizontal square or splined shaft 24. The gear meshes with the right angle spiral gear 25 having a vertical shaft 28 secured therein by the key 21, the shaft 28 passing through the bearing 28 in the lower portion of the housing II and having a collar 29 secured on the end thereof. The top portion of the vertical shaft 28 passes through the bearing 39 in the housing II and has the die arbor II secured thereto by the key I2 to receive the die IIa secured to the arbor by capscrews 3Ib.

The helical spur gear 33 meshes with the right angle spiral gear 25 and being driven thereby has a vertical shaft 34 passing therethrough and secured thereto by the key 85, the lower end of shaft 34 passing through the bearing 38 and the upper portion of the shaft passing through the bearing 31 to receive the die arbor 39 secured thereto by the key 48 to receive the die 89a. secured thereto by capscrews 89h. 'I'he bearings 38 and 31 integrally secured to a box shaped portion 4I, guided in the housing II, and being pivoted on the pin 42 by the boss 43- and hinge lugs 44. The lugs 44 are integral with the screw plate cover 45 which is secured to the top of the housing by the screws 48. The plate 45 has a boss 41 integral therewith and threaded to receive a screw 48 with a handle 49 and lock nut with handles 59, the screw 48 passing through the threaded boss 41 and bearing down on the box shaped portion 4I. A cam 5I secured to a shaft 52 bears against the box portion 4I and is provided with a lever 53, tension spring 54, takeup screw 55, lock nuts 58, the takeup screw 55 passing through the boss 51 integral with the housing II. The tension spring, lever, shaft and cam are provided to move the bearing box shaped housing 4I away from the shaft 29 thereby causing the dies 3io and 39a. to separate as the screw 48 is withdrawn from the boss 41. The minor adjustment of the dies will govern the exact size of the elliptical shaped rod to allow the operator to control the amount of kneading or forging of the material to give the best results. The rod is led into the dies through split sleeve guide portions 58 and 59 held together by bolts GII and secured to the housing II by cap screws 9|.

The housing I3 with its various parts being similar to the housing II and its various parts has been given like numbers for like parts to avoid duplicate description, the only exception being in the sleeve 82 being straight and not having a bell like portion as shown on sleeve 58.

The housing I2 is integral with the shoes I5 and is formed to receive the bearing flanged 59 having a. horizontal shaft 10 secured therein by the key 1I, the shaft passing through the bearing 12 in the rear portion of the housing I2. The front portion of the horizontal shaft 10 passes through the bearing 14 in the housing I2 and has the die arbor 15 secured thereto by the key 18, the die 15a being secured to the arbor 15 by the cap screws 15b. The helical spur gear 11 meshes with the gear 88 and being driven thereby has a substantially horizontal shaft 18 passing therethrough and secured thereto by the key 19, the shaft 18 passing through the bearing and the front portion of the shaft passing through the bearing 8| to receive the die arbor 92 secured thereto by the key 83. The die 82a is secured to the arbor 82 by cap screws 82h.

The bearings 89 and 8| are integrally secured to a box shaped portion 84 guided in the housing I2, and being pivoted on the pin 85 by the boss 88 and hinge lugs 81 integral with the screw plate cover 88. The cover 88 is secured to the top of the housing by the screws 89. The plate 88 has a boss SII integral therewith and threaded to receive a screw 9I with the handle 92, a lock nut with handles 93, the screw 9i passing through the threaded boss 99 and bearing downwardly on the box shaped portion 84. A cam 94 secured to a shaft 95 bears against the box portion 84 and is provided with a lever 98, tension spring 91, takeup screw 98, and lock nuts 99. The takeup screw 98 passes through the boss I90 integral with the housing I2. The tension spring, lever, shaft and cam are provided to move the bearing box shaped housing 84 away from the shaft 19 thereby causing the die arbors 15 and 82 to separate as the screw 9| is withdrawn from the boss 90.

The housings II, I2 and I3 are spaced apart and adjusted by the screws I I3, I I4 and threaded bosses II2.

The minor adjustment of the spacing of the dies will govern the exact size of the spherical shaped portion of the rod to allow the operator to control the kneading or the forging of the material to give the desired substantially spherical shape. The rod is fed throughfthe sleeve 58 and 59 to the dies 3Ia. and 39a held to their respective arbors 3| and 39 by their respective cap screws 3Ib and 39h.

The roller dies 15a and 82a have a series of hemispherical shaped recesses |88 arranged in the faces of the dies with polar recesses |09 connesting the hemispherical shaped recesses.

The roller shearing dies |92 and I 03 have recesses I I0 to receive the balls and shearing blades III to shear the poles as they pass through the roller shearing dies. The blades I I I are preferably shown integral .with the die.

The round stock rod II5 Figure 10 is heated to a forging heat and is rolled into an elliptical shape II 6 by the first pair of roller dies 3Ia and 39a. The elliptical shaped rod passes on to the second pair of roller dies 15a and 82a where it is forged into balls II1 having integral poles |I8 connecting therebetween, the balls being formed by forging the elliptical rod on its edges thus kneading and working the metal to the best advantage. This method also reduces the stresses in the forging process. In this second operation the overrun metal which is squeezed out between the dies forms equator lines II9 on the balls and the improved method consists of the third pair of dies |02 and ID3 being turned at substantially degrees from the second pair of roller dies to forge the equator and polar metal into the ball and shear the balls apart leaving only a small polar projection |20 on each end of each ball. 'I'hese may be used as shown for some ball mills without further processing but if it is desired to have a perfect ball they can then be reheated and run through a ball rolling and finishing machine.

From a thorough study of the method and apparatus it will be apparent that it is a high speed arrangement and can produce more balls than any other process on the market for the initial cost of the equipment required.

It is obvious from the foregoing description that a rod when heated With forging heat can be passed without rotation through the bell shaped sleeve 58 and 59 into the roller dies 3|a 39a to form the elliptical shape with its dimensions greater in one direction than the diameter of the nished ball. The elliptical shaped rod then passes without rotation rapidly throughthe sleeve |06 into the roller dies 15a and 82a which have their axes positioned at substantially 90 degrees from the axes of the dies 3|a and 39a, this second pair of roller dies forging the elliptical shaped portions into spherical like shapes with the exception of poles integrally connecting therebetween, the rotating action of the rolls thereby feeding the spherical like portions of the rol through the sleeve without rotation to the roller shearing dies |02 and |03 for fevering the substantially spherical like shapes from the material that has passed through the two previous pair of dies. These nearly spherical shapes may then be further processed by passing on to a reheating furnace and finishing machine for fine texture and surface of balls.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a rolling mill apparatus having plural progressive pairs of rolls for rolling a rod into approximate ball shapes, having in combination an entrance pair of rotatable dies, said entrance pair of rotatable dies having a substantially para bolic rolling surface between them, an intermediate pair of rotatable dies, said intermediate pair of rotatable dies having plural substantially ball shaped rolling surfaces between them, said intermediate rotatable dies having link rolling surfaces connecting said ball rolling surfaces, a pair of separating rotatable dies, said separating rotatable dies having plural substantially ball 2. In a rolling mill apparatus having plural progressive pairs of rolls for rolling a rod into approximate yball shapes, having in combination a pair of rotatable dies, said rotatable dies having plural substantially ball shaped rolling surfaces between them, said rotatable dies having link rolling surfaces connecting said ball rolling surfaces, a pair of separating rotatable dies, said separating rotatable dies having plural substantially ball shaped rolling surfaces between them, said separating rotatable dies having shearing edges between each of said ball rolling surfaces, said shearing edges rof one die passing the shearing edges of the opposite die for complete parting of balls, and said shearing edges with said ball surfaces converging to forge parted links of balls into the balls.

3. In a rolling mill apparatus having plural progressive pairs of rolls for rolling a rod into approximate ball shapes, having in combination an entrance pair of rotatable dies, said entrance pair of rotatable dies havinga substantially parabolic rolling surface between them, an intermediate pair of rotatable dies, said intermediate pair of rotatable dies having plural substantially ball shaped rolling surfaces between them, Ysaid intermediate rotatable dies having link rolling surfaces connecting saidball rolling surfaces, a pair of separating rotatable dies, said separating rotatable dies having plural substantially ball shaped rolling surfaces between them, said separating rotatable dies having shearing edges between each of said ball rolling surfaces, said shearing edges of one die passing the shearing edges of the opposite die for complete parting of balls, said shearing edges with said ball surfaces converging to forge parted links of balls into the balls, and each pair of rolls being adjustable to register ball material for each pair of dies with respect to the next operating pair of dies.

FRED HENRY GERHARD BRANDT.

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