US2269667A - Refining of oils, fats, and waxes - Google Patents
Refining of oils, fats, and waxes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2269667A US2269667A US316047A US31604740A US2269667A US 2269667 A US2269667 A US 2269667A US 316047 A US316047 A US 316047A US 31604740 A US31604740 A US 31604740A US 2269667 A US2269667 A US 2269667A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- fats
- waxes
- oils
- chlorine dioxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title description 5
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/08—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with oxidising agents
Definitions
- the preeent invention relates to the refinin of oils, fats and waxes by the employment of chlorine dioxide, and more particularly to the refining of such materials by solution of chlorine dioxide in the material to be bleached.
- colored organic materials are refined and bleached by treating the same with an explosive oxide of chlorine. under conditions where the explosive hazard is substantially eliminated and wherein bleaching occurs.
- a novel feature of my invention is to direct the explosive gaseous oxide of chlorine substantially immediately upon formation into the oil.
- the oxide is produced in a reaction zone adjacent the material to be bleached and passes directly from the zone through an interface or surface of contact between the chemicals generating the gas and the material being treated and into the latter.
- ester type waxes such as beeswax, may be bleached by my method.
- chlor'ine dioxide Due to the extremely explosive nature of chlor'ine dioxide, I have found it-advisable in some instances to dilute the chlorine dioxide with an inert gas, as, for instance, oxygen or carbon dioxide. Where the chlorine dioxide is produced in situ, dilution of the gas is not a necessity but may be resorted to as a precautionary measure. Thus, oxalic acid may be added to the reaction mixture from which the chlorine dioxide is obtained and decomposed with the production of carbon dioxide which mingles with and dilutes the chlorine dioxide with elimination of the explosive hazard.
- an inert gas as, for instance, oxygen or carbon dioxide.
- the chemicals are added to the reaction zone in such a manner that no chlorine dioxide is developed before the reaction mixture is brought in contact with the material to be treated. In some after a period of a few minutes to several hours contact in the presence of from about .05 to about i 5.0% of active chemical, based upon the weight of the material to be treated. It will be understood, of course, that the quantity of active chem-' ical employed in bleaching will be determined by the nature of the material treated and the desired degree of bleaching to be obtained.
- chlorine dioxide a mixture of a chlorate. such as potassium or sodium chlorate, and oxalic acid is treated with sulfuric acid of about 10 to 50% strength.
- Chlorine dioxide, mixed with carbon dioxide, is evolved and difiuses into the organic material to be bleached. Danger of explosion is eliminated due to the solubility of the gas in oils, fats and waxes, and furthermore the explosive hazard is still further reduced by the presence of the inert gas.
- Example 1 1 g. of sodium chlorate, 1 g. of oxalic acid, 2.5 cc. of 45% sulfuric acid, and 100 g. of yellow refined cotton seed oil are placed into a container, the bottom of which can be heated by steam. Heat up slowly, and gradually raise the temperature to 90 C. within approximately one hour. Already at lower temperature chlorine dioxide and carbon dioxide evolve and the gases penetrate into the supernatent layer of oil. The carbon dioxide forms a foam on the surface of the oil and escapes into the surrounding air.
- the color of the oil deepens in the beginning from yellow to brown and then turns lighter and lighter.
- the aqueous acid solution at the bot- 55 tom is drawn off and the oil is subsequently instances, the oil, fat or wax is added to thewashed with water, with diluted sodium carbonate solution and again with water.
- Example 2 100 g. of beeswax are added to 2 g. sodium chlorate and 12 cc. of 20% sulfuric acid. This mixture is heated up to 70 C. until the wax is melted. Then 2 g. of oxalic acid are added and the mixture is heated while stirring only occasionally and slowly for about 1 hours until the temperature has reached 90 C. The solution at the bottom is drawn of! and the wax is then treated with hot water in order to remove residues of acid and salts. V I
- Example 4 100 g. of soya bean oil are mixed with 5 cc. of technical sodium chlorite and stirred slowly while adding 5 cc. of 10% sulfuric acid. The oil becomes brown at first and within a few minutes turns lighter and lighter. time was about hour.
- Bleaching Example 5 g. refined cotton seed oil are'mixed with 10 cc. of 10% solution of sodium chlorite and 10 cc. of a buflered acetic acid solution which contains 18 g. acetic acid and 57.4 g. sodium acetate per liter. The mixture is stirred slowly while adding 3 cc. of 3.7% solution oi! formaldehyde. The mixture rapidly turned a deeper shade, but within half an hour the color became lighter.
- the treated oil, fat or wax is given a wash with a mild alkali and then with water to neutrality.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
Patented Jan. 13, 1942 UNITED STATES REFINING F OILS, FATS, AND WAXES Hugo J. Kauifmann, Buffalo, N. Y., assignor to Buflalo Electra-Chemical Company, Inc., Buftalc, N. Y.
No Drawing. Application January 27, 1940, Serial No. 316,047
g 2 cum The preeent invention relates to the refinin of oils, fats and waxes by the employment of chlorine dioxide, and more particularly to the refining of such materials by solution of chlorine dioxide in the material to be bleached.
In accordance with the present invention, colored organic materials are refined and bleached by treating the same with an explosive oxide of chlorine. under conditions where the explosive hazard is substantially eliminated and wherein bleaching occurs.
A novel feature of my invention is to direct the explosive gaseous oxide of chlorine substantially immediately upon formation into the oil. To this end, the oxide is produced in a reaction zone adjacent the material to be bleached and passes directly from the zone through an interface or surface of contact between the chemicals generating the gas and the material being treated and into the latter.
I have discovered that chlorine dioxide is compatible with and soluble in oils, fats and waxes generally, and particularLv in those materials liquid at room temperature or readily liquefiable so that the temperature of treatment is not so great as to decrease the solubility of the gaseous bleaching agent. Thus, I have successfully bleached prime yellow cotton seed oil (oil neutralized with caustic soda) by permitting chlorine dioxide to seepslowly into and through the oil, the chlorine dioxide being readily dissolved therein and producing, after a short period of time, substantial color reduction in the oil. In this treatment the color of the oil is first momentarily darkened and then becomes lighter until a bleached product results.
In the same fashion it is possible to produce substantial color reduction in fatty substances of the types exemplified by palm oil, linseed oil, soya bean oil, as well as certain liquid and semisolid fats. Additionally, ester type waxes, such as beeswax, may be bleached by my method.
Due to the extremely explosive nature of chlor'ine dioxide, I have found it-advisable in some instances to dilute the chlorine dioxide with an inert gas, as, for instance, oxygen or carbon dioxide. Where the chlorine dioxide is produced in situ, dilution of the gas is not a necessity but may be resorted to as a precautionary measure. Thus, oxalic acid may be added to the reaction mixture from which the chlorine dioxide is obtained and decomposed with the production of carbon dioxide which mingles with and dilutes the chlorine dioxide with elimination of the explosive hazard.
The chemicals are added to the reaction zone in such a manner that no chlorine dioxide is developed before the reaction mixture is brought in contact with the material to be treated. In some after a period of a few minutes to several hours contact in the presence of from about .05 to about i 5.0% of active chemical, based upon the weight of the material to be treated. It will be understood, of course, that the quantity of active chem-' ical employed in bleaching will be determined by the nature of the material treated and the desired degree of bleaching to be obtained.
As an example of the production of chlorine dioxide, a mixture of a chlorate. such as potassium or sodium chlorate, and oxalic acid is treated with sulfuric acid of about 10 to 50% strength. Chlorine dioxide, mixed with carbon dioxide, is evolved and difiuses into the organic material to be bleached. Danger of explosion is eliminated due to the solubility of the gas in oils, fats and waxes, and furthermore the explosive hazard is still further reduced by the presence of the inert gas.
The following are examples of the, procedure illustrative of the invention:
Example 1 1 g. of sodium chlorate, 1 g. of oxalic acid, 2.5 cc. of 45% sulfuric acid, and 100 g. of yellow refined cotton seed oil are placed into a container, the bottom of which can be heated by steam. Heat up slowly, and gradually raise the temperature to 90 C. within approximately one hour. Already at lower temperature chlorine dioxide and carbon dioxide evolve and the gases penetrate into the supernatent layer of oil. The carbon dioxide forms a foam on the surface of the oil and escapes into the surrounding air.
The color of the oil deepens in the beginning from yellow to brown and then turns lighter and lighter. The aqueous acid solution at the bot- 55 tom is drawn off and the oil is subsequently instances, the oil, fat or wax is added to thewashed with water, with diluted sodium carbonate solution and again with water.
Example 2 Example 3 100 g. of beeswax are added to 2 g. sodium chlorate and 12 cc. of 20% sulfuric acid. This mixture is heated up to 70 C. until the wax is melted. Then 2 g. of oxalic acid are added and the mixture is heated while stirring only occasionally and slowly for about 1 hours until the temperature has reached 90 C. The solution at the bottom is drawn of! and the wax is then treated with hot water in order to remove residues of acid and salts. V I
Example 4 100 g. of soya bean oil are mixed with 5 cc. of technical sodium chlorite and stirred slowly while adding 5 cc. of 10% sulfuric acid. The oil becomes brown at first and within a few minutes turns lighter and lighter. time was about hour.
Bleaching Example 5 g. refined cotton seed oil are'mixed with 10 cc. of 10% solution of sodium chlorite and 10 cc. of a buflered acetic acid solution which contains 18 g. acetic acid and 57.4 g. sodium acetate per liter. The mixture is stirred slowly while adding 3 cc. of 3.7% solution oi! formaldehyde. The mixture rapidly turned a deeper shade, but within half an hour the color became lighter.
Subsequent to the action of chlorine dioxide, the treated oil, fat or wax is given a wash with a mild alkali and then with water to neutrality.
I claim:
1. The method of refining oils, fats and waxes which comprises generating chlorine dioxide in the presence of but in a zone in contact with and below the material'to'be bleached whereby the same diffuses into. the oil, fat or wax to be bleached,and permitting the mixture to stand to effect the desired bleaching action.
2. The method of refining oils, fats'and waxes bleached whereby the mixed gases difi'use into the material to be bleached. Q
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US316047A US2269667A (en) | 1940-01-27 | 1940-01-27 | Refining of oils, fats, and waxes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US316047A US2269667A (en) | 1940-01-27 | 1940-01-27 | Refining of oils, fats, and waxes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2269667A true US2269667A (en) | 1942-01-13 |
Family
ID=23227238
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US316047A Expired - Lifetime US2269667A (en) | 1940-01-27 | 1940-01-27 | Refining of oils, fats, and waxes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2269667A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2430675A (en) * | 1945-06-15 | 1947-11-11 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Bleaching fatty acid compounds with chlorite and aldehyde |
| US2431842A (en) * | 1942-09-09 | 1947-12-02 | Mathieson Aikali Works Inc | Chlorite bleaching of wax and oil esters |
| US2433662A (en) * | 1943-01-11 | 1947-12-30 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Chlorite bleaching of fatty acid compounds |
| US2473930A (en) * | 1947-08-30 | 1949-06-21 | Olin Mathieson | Process for bleaching glyceridic esters |
| US2481463A (en) * | 1947-01-30 | 1949-09-06 | Olin Mathieson | Bleaching wool grease |
| US2555499A (en) * | 1948-01-03 | 1951-06-05 | Minor Louis Evan | Process for treating beeswax |
| US2592226A (en) * | 1948-12-23 | 1952-04-08 | Olin Mathieson | Process for improving the color of fats and fatty oils by treatment with chlorine dioxide |
| US2646435A (en) * | 1949-11-16 | 1953-07-21 | Procter & Gamble | Making white soap |
| US2706673A (en) * | 1951-10-19 | 1955-04-19 | Elmer R Burling | Method of bleaching with chlorine dioxide |
| DE938501C (en) * | 1942-04-02 | 1956-02-02 | Degussa | Process for bleaching waxes, waxy substances, fats and oils |
| US2802848A (en) * | 1954-02-16 | 1957-08-13 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Soap-making and bleaching process |
-
1940
- 1940-01-27 US US316047A patent/US2269667A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE938501C (en) * | 1942-04-02 | 1956-02-02 | Degussa | Process for bleaching waxes, waxy substances, fats and oils |
| US2431842A (en) * | 1942-09-09 | 1947-12-02 | Mathieson Aikali Works Inc | Chlorite bleaching of wax and oil esters |
| US2433662A (en) * | 1943-01-11 | 1947-12-30 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Chlorite bleaching of fatty acid compounds |
| US2430675A (en) * | 1945-06-15 | 1947-11-11 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Bleaching fatty acid compounds with chlorite and aldehyde |
| US2481463A (en) * | 1947-01-30 | 1949-09-06 | Olin Mathieson | Bleaching wool grease |
| US2473930A (en) * | 1947-08-30 | 1949-06-21 | Olin Mathieson | Process for bleaching glyceridic esters |
| US2555499A (en) * | 1948-01-03 | 1951-06-05 | Minor Louis Evan | Process for treating beeswax |
| US2592226A (en) * | 1948-12-23 | 1952-04-08 | Olin Mathieson | Process for improving the color of fats and fatty oils by treatment with chlorine dioxide |
| US2646435A (en) * | 1949-11-16 | 1953-07-21 | Procter & Gamble | Making white soap |
| US2706673A (en) * | 1951-10-19 | 1955-04-19 | Elmer R Burling | Method of bleaching with chlorine dioxide |
| US2802848A (en) * | 1954-02-16 | 1957-08-13 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Soap-making and bleaching process |
| US2810735A (en) * | 1954-02-16 | 1957-10-22 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Hypolchlorite-chlorite bleaching of soapstock |
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