US2247739A - Long wire antenna arrangement - Google Patents

Description

N 3 R 1. m yo 7 N .m 4 T 0 5 .T 2 mN T R A E) Y B E WERNDL LONG WIRE ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT Filed July 18. 1939 July 1, 1941.

Patented July 1, 1941 p;

LONG WIRE ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT Ernst Werndl, Berlin, Germany, assignor to Telefunken Gesellschaft fiir Drahtlose Telegraphic I -m. b. H., Berlin, Germanya fa corporation or Germany Application July 18, 1939,.Scrial No. 285,063

' In Germany August 9, 1938. 3 Claims. (o1. 250-11) The invention-relates to long wireantennas and, more especially, to the arrangement comprising rhombus antennas known as Musa system.

As is known such a Musa arrangement consists of a number of elongated individual rhombi all of which are arranged in the same plane and are stretched out between the ends of a corresponding number of masts. This network is mounted exactly in the direction of reception The individual rhombi are each coupled at one end thereof with a respective shielded line by means of matching transformers, while at the distant end they are each provided with a respective terminal resistance. It is known to govern the angle of incidence ofthe ray being received in that the phase conditions of the receiving currents of the individual antennas are controlled.

In accordance with the invention a number of rhombi or the like are likewise employed which are arranged in a row in back of one another in the direction of reception. But they are not disposed in a single plane and all of them, parallel to one another, point upwards at a small angle in the direction of reception; The individual rhombi hence are stretched out from a respective mast and obliquely downwards to near the ground while the side corners thereof are held at masts whose height is only one-half of that of the other masts.

Figure 1 shows such an arrangement with five rhombi ina schematical elevational view.

Figure 2 shows a modification in which a larger same space in that the same overlap one another.

Figure 3 shows the same arrangement in a bottom view.

In the figures items I represent the rhombi, 2 are the main masts at which the higher corners of the rhombi l are fixedly secured, items 3 are the short side masts, 4 represent tensioning wires eventually employed for the masts, items 5 represent the shielded and grounded lead and 6 is a lightning protection wire.

Whereas hitherto employed multiple antenna systems operate with the reflection at the ground surface of the half of the radiation directed downwards, in the new arrangement according to the invention the radiation is confined within the angle indicated by the arrows shown in Figures 1 and 2 and does not reach the ground.

so that no reflection takes place thereat. The lower radiation half extends primarily in the horizontal and is reflected upwards at the proper angle by further rhombi situated in this direction such that the said radiation half will .becombined with'theupw'ardly directed'radiation half toforma common wave fronttherewith. ..It is solely the. lower radiation half of the last .ele-. ment which remains parallel to the ground and which is thus lost as regards reception. Since no reflection occurs at the ground, no dependence exists on the conditions of the ground. More particularly, absorption of energy (damping efiect) caused by such reflection does not take place and, furthermore, a level ground surface is not required. However, the normal main ray is directed upwards at a steeper angle which signifies a more favorable functioning as well as more favorable normal conditions and renders now possible the full utilization of the entire control range available.

The advantages of the invention are of an electrical nature as well as structural nature and will be enumerated in the following: In the first place, the normal position of the radiation angle is a steeper one, a condition which is desirable because rays which arrive at a very steep angle can, still be reached while, on the other hand, the full utilization of the control range in the direction downwards (flatter angle) is of no particular importance. Since no reflection occurs on the ground, the useful effect is greater. Any additional damping not connected with the antennas proper is eliminated.

For the same reason the functioning is not dependent on the properties of the ground surface so that it is not influenced more especially by atmospheric conditions, moisture content of the ground and the like. The individual rhombi have a loose relative electric coupling which is also true as regards the arrangement comprising overlapping rhombi since in this case the conductor parts which are near enough to each other to have a mutual eifect cross one another. The leads are shorter and the matching transformers can be arranged at a convenient height above ground and are readily accessible. The line cables need not be carried upwards. Since the individual elements overlap each other without any disadvantage the structure becomes condensed and the available mounting space can be utilized in a more favorable manner. In view of the fact that the rays are neither radiated from the ground nor reflected thereat a level territory is not required.

The greater part of the high masts can be dispensed with since the masts for tensioning up the sides need have only one hall of the height of the main masts. The tensioning of the masts by means of ropes can be easily accomplished and need be carried out on one side only. A tensioned and grounded lightning protection wire 6 can be arranged above the entire system without causing a disturbance and this is also true concerning the provision of lightning rods on top of the masts. The mounting, control as well as the maintenance are simplified.

Although the application of the invention is considered in the first place'for rhombus antennas it is not limited to such systems. Also other forms of long wire antennas,-for instance, simple outstretched wires, or bundles or other forms of individual antennasma'y be utilized.

Moreover, the application of the invention is not of reception, the planes of said antennas being tilted at such an angle with respect to ground that the lower edge of the cone of maximum reception for each of said antennas is parallel to the ground.

2. A travelling wave antenna arrangement comprising a plurality ofuni-planar antennas arranged one behind the other in the direction of reception, the planes of said antennas belimited to receiving antennas; .it may alsobe utilized in the case of directional transmissions whereby the absence of the reflection on the ground and the low damping effect ofier particular advantages.

I claim: r 1. A travelling wave antenna arrangement comprising a plurality of uni-planar antennas arranged one behind the other inthe direction in'g tilted at such an angle with respect to ground that the lower edge of the cone of maximum reception for each of said antennas is parallel to the ground surface beneath said antennas.

3. 1A travelling wave antenna arrangement comprising a plurality of uni-planar antennas arranged one behind the other in the direction of reception, the planes of said antennas being tilted at such an angle with respect to ground that the lower edge of the cone of maximum receptionfor each of said antennas is parallel to the ground surface beneath said antennas, said antennas overlapping each other substantially one-half their lengths.

ERNST WERNDL

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