US2115113A - Muffler - Google Patents

Description

April 26, 1938. R, J. MacKENZIE ET AL MUFFLER Filed July 8, 1936 2 SheetsSheet 1 INVENTOR s ATTORNEYS ww w R a 3 w April 26, 1938.

R, J. M KENZlE ET AL MUFFLER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 8, 1936 INVENTORS Goodma @ruv wwwq 'wmm,

ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 26, 1938 PATENT OFFICE MUFFLER,-

Roy J. MacKenzle and Lucien L. Haas, Buffalo,

and Gail C. Starkweather, Kenmore, N. Y., assignors to Buflalo Pressed Steel Company, Buffalo, N. Y.

REISSU ED JAN 1 6 1940 Application July a, 1936, Serial No. 89,606

8Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in muffiers such, for example, as are used for silencing the exhaust from internal combustion engines, and more particularly to muiliers of this kind having chambers formed between pairs of shells.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a muiller of improved and simplified construction for forming a chamber between two shells.

' Another object of-this invention is to provide a muiiler having a shell divided lengthwise of its axis into a plurality of sections or parts, which may be secured together to form the completed shell.

Another object is to provide a shell of this type which is formed to be secured to and supported by another shell.

Another object of this invention is to provide a longitudinally divided shell which takes the place of a cylindrical shell and two or more baffies for mounting the shell on another shell.

A further object of this invention is to so form a split or sectional shell that the chamber formed by such shell with another shell is connected by a passage with another chamber to form a bottle neck type of resonator chamber.

Another object of this invention is to provide a split shell with a joint or co ection between the two parts of the shell, ch is grooved or channeled to form a passage for sound waves.

Other objects of this invention will be apparent from the following description and claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal, central, sectional view of a muilier provided with sectional shells embodyin'g this invention.

Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 are transverse sections thereof, respectively on lines 2-2, 3-3, 4-4 and 55, Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a side view .of a sectional muiiler shell of modified construction.

Fig. '7 is an end view thereof.

Fig. 8 is a side view of a sectional muiller shell of still another modified form.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary, longitudinal, sectional view of a muiiler having a sectional shell of modified construction arranged therein.

Fig. 10 is a section of a portion thereof, on line Ill-1U, Fig. 9. 4

Fig. 11 is a face view of one section or part of a shell oi another modified construction.

Fig. 12 shows another modified form of sectional muiller shell.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary, longitudinal, central,

sectional view of a mufiler having the shell shown in Fig. 12 installed therein.

Fig. 14 is a transverse, sectional view thereof on line I4 |4, Fig. 13.

Fig. 1 illustrates, by way of example, a muffier in which three forms of sectional shells embodying this invention are employed, and this mufller includes an outer shell A, end heads B and C, and a perforate inner conduit D. The end head B may be provided with the usual integral 10 tubular extension l5 telescopically connected with an exhaust pipe IS. The head B is also provided with a short, tubular part ll secured within the tubular extension I5 of the head B and telescoping into one end of the inner shell or conduit D. 15 The other head C is provided with a tubular extension or part l8 with which the usual tail pipe (not shown) is telescopically connected, and this tubular part I! also receives the discharge end of the inner shell or conduit D. The conduit D, 20 in the construction shown, is provided with groups of perforations or apertures 20 having louvres 2| formed of the metal of the inner shell or conduit bent outwardly at the apertures 20 in such a manner that gases passing out of the inner 25 shell or conduit through the apertures 20 will be discharged substantially in a tangential direction with relation to the conduit D. It will be understood, however, that apertures of any other shape or size and with or without louvres may 30 be employed through which gases may fiow into and out of the inner shell or conduit. 22 represents a baflle extending from the inner shell or conduit D to the outer shell A, which divides the space immediately within the outer shell into 3 two chambers. The inner shell or conduit is preferably provided with an annular outwardly bent or formed rib or projection 23 which extends outwardly beyond the outer edges of the louvres 2| and to which the inner fiange 24 of the baille 40 22 may be secured. By means of this outwardly extending projection 22, the inner diameter of the flange 24 of the bafile can be made large enough so that the conduit may be passed through the hole in the baiile without interference by the 45 louvres and the flange 24 will then fit tightly around the annular raised rib or projection 23.

In muillers of this type, it is customary to provide an intermediate shell or shells arranged about the conduit D within the outer shell A, and 50 these intermediate shells are connected with the inner or outer shells by means of bailles which are generally welded to the shells which they connect. We have found that it is more desirable under certain conditions to employ one or more intermediate shells, each of which may bemade in sections or partshaving longitudinal edges or flanges which may be connected or secured together to form the complete shell. These sections also have integral-shoulders or parts connected with another shell or conduit.

At the left-hand end of Fig. 1, between the head B and the baflle 22 is arranged a split shell according to our invention which, as clearly shown in Figs. 2, 8 and 4, consists of two sections or half shells 25 and 26, both of these half shells being provided with laterally extending, flanges 21 which may be readily secured together by welding or other means. The split intermediate shell shown in this portion of the muffler is shaped to form two chambers 28 and 29, and at the outer end of the chamber 28, the shell is providedjwith aninwardly extending shouldered or offset. portion terminating in a substantially cylindrical flange 30 which is arranged to engage animperforate portion of the inner shell or conduit. At the other end of the. chamber 28, the'metal of the intermediate shell is also depressed inwardly and forms another annular shoulder or oifset 3| also engaging and secured to an imperforate portion of the inner shell or conduit between groups of perforations. At the left end of the chamber 29 in Fig. 1, portions of the intermediate shell are depressed toward the inner shell or conduit,-as shown at "33, and may be welded or. otherwise secured to the conduit D. Other portions 34 of this end of the split intermediate shell are not deformed or bent into contactwith the inner conduit D, and these portions, consequently, form, with imperforate portions of the conduit D, channels or bottle necks 35. These bottle necks or channels connect the chamber 29 between the split intermediate shell and the conduit D with a chamber or space 36 arranged between the intermediate shell and the outer shell A. The length as well as'the cross sectional area of these channels or bottle necks 35 can, of course, be very easily varied, so as to silence, by destructive interference, certain sound waves passing into the mufiler from the exhaust pipe.

In the middle portion, of the mufiier shown in Fig. 1, an inner shell is shown which is formed of two halves or sections 40 and 4| constructed to form two chambers 42 and 43, each closed at both ends similar to. the chamber 28, which has been described;v Chambers of this kind cooperate with the inner shell or conduitand with the perforations therein to silence high frequency sound waves. The chambers 42 and 43 are closed at their ends by inwardly curved shoulder portions of the two sections 40 and 4|, which inwardly curved portions also engage imperforate portions of the inner shell or conduit Dior supporting the sections 40 and 4| of the intermediate shell on the conduit D, as well as closing the ends of the chambers 42 and 43.

At the right-hand end of'the muiiler shown in Fig. 1, still another form of intermediate shell is illustrated. This shell comprises two sections and 46, see Fig. 5, secured together byflanges as already described. In this case, the sections of the intermediate shell form a high frequency chamber 41 of larger diameter than the chambers 28, 42 and 43 and, which may, consequently, be used in silencing another band of frequencies other than that silenced in the chambers 28, 42 and 43. This chamber 41 is closed at opposite ends by integral shouldered portions. The sections 45 and 46 also form another chamber 48 about the inner shell or conduit D, and in. this flange of one of the case, the chamber 48 also communicates with the ,space between the intermediate shells and the outer shell A by means of a short channel or bottle neck 48. Half of this channel is formed in the sections of the intermediate shell, and the other section, the two halves of the channel being arranged to form a complete substantially cylindrical channel 49 as shown in Fig. 5. It will be readily seen that the cross sectional area and shape of this channel can be readily varied, as may be required, to produce the desired silencing action in connection with the outer resonator chamber 50 which is formed between the outer shell A and the intermediate shells, and between the bafile 22 and the head C.

In Figs. 6 and 7, a split or sectional muffler shell is shown which is very similar to the shell 4| shown in Fig. 1, except that in Figs. 6 and-7, the outer edge of one of the flanges of the two sections isturned over the edge of the other flange, as shown at 52, to form a seam connecting the flanges; of the two sections 53 and 54 of the shell. In the construction or the various shells shown in Fig. 1, the flanges of the sections of the shell are described as being welded together as indicated in Figs. 25 inclusive, at 55.

In Figs. 8 to 10, still another modified form of a sectional muffler shell is shown. In this construction, the shell has two sections 60 and 6|, the flanges of which are secured together about the inner shell or conduit, three shouldered portions 62, 63 and 64 being provided which extend into engagement with the inner shell or conduit D. The portions of the two sections between the two shoulders 63 and 64 form about the perforate portion or the conduit D an annular closed resonator chamber. The portions of the sections between the shoulders 62 and 63 form a chamber which communicates with an outer chamber 65,'

Fig. 9, by means of passages or bottle necks 66 formed by means of oppositely disposed grooves in each of the flanges oi the two muffler sections 60 and BI. The construction shown in this figure is particularly suitable for use in connection with the silencing of certain sound waves or bands of sound waves, since it will be obvious that the cross sectional area of the passages 66, as well as the lengths of these passages, may be varied according to the sound waves to be silenced. In the form shown in these figures, the passages or bottle necks 66 are approximately of maximum length. If shorter passages or bottle necks are desired, the inner ends of these passages may terminate in the space or chamber 61 between the sectional shell and the conduit at different distances from the inner end of the chamber 61.

If a still longer passage or bottle neck is required to produce the desired silencing eflects, the construction shown in Fig. 11 may be used,

' in which one-half of a split shell is shown which diifers'from the shell shown in Figs. 8 to 10, in that a chamber 10 is formed at the left-hand por tion of the shell and in which the passages or bottle necks H communicate with a chamber 12 located at the right-hand end of the split shell.

In this construction, the length of the passages H may be varied by terminating the inner ends of the passages at different portions-of the chamber 12. This construction results in a passage or bottle neck of about twice the length of the one shown in Figs. 8 to 10.

Figs. 12 to 14 show a sectional shell in which are two sections 15 and 16, the flanges of which are formed to provide inclined passages or bottle half is formed by the other the side edges of the flanges oI-the two sections r o! the shell.

It will be obvious train the foregoing description that the muillers embodying this inventionmay be varied greatly, not only with reference to the construction and shape 01' the sectional shells, I but also the sectional shells may be used in som nection with the usual cylindrical shells and bailles heretofore commonly employed. also be understood that while the sectional shells an inner shell or conduitfthey may equally well be used in connection-with another shell arranged about the innerjshell. The sectional shells may, if desired, be formed of morejthan two sections.

'. The construction described has the advantage that the sectional shells may be readily applied to an innershell having outwardly projecting louvres such asillustrated in Fig. El without neces-I sitating an outwardly extending-annular ridge, such as the ridge 23 shown'inFig. 1; since the sections of the shell are preierablyzflrst placed into operative relation to each-other about the furthermore, the provision of passages OljeOttlG necks in the connecting flanges of the sections inner shell and are then secured to eachother.

and to the inner shell, so that it is not necessary to slide the completed sectional shell lengthwise of the inner shellinto its operativeposition, 'al-,

though, if desired, in connection with inner shells having no outwardly extending projectionsorv louvres, the several sections of the shell may be first secured together'a'nd'then slid lengthwise of the inner shell into its correct position.

By forming shells in sections as herein de scribed, and by forming shoulders on the sec-- tions, which may extend into engagement with another shell, the use of two or more bailles con necting two telescoping shells is eliminated,

results in an inexpensive construction for producing such bottle necks. The sections of the shell are, of course, most readily lormed from fiat sheets of metal by pressing the same into the desired shapes by means of dies.-

We claim as our invention: I 1. A muiller including an inner shell having a perforate portion, an outer shell, and an intermediate shell arranged about said perforateportion of said inne v shell and forming therewith a high frequency resonator chamber, said intermediate shell including a' plurality of sections connected, each other at longitudinal edge portionsthe of and having end portions extending into engagement with said inner shell for supporting said intermediate shell on said inner shell and for forming end walls of said resonator chamber, said. intermediate shell also -forming with said outer shell a 'low frequency resonator chamber. i

2. A muiiler including an inner'shell having a plurality of groups of perforations arranged lengthwise of said shell and separated by an annular imperforate zone,-anouter shell, and an intermediate shell arranged about said groups of perforations, said intermediate shell including a plurality of sections having longitudinal edge portions connected to each other to form a complete shell and having end portions extending into engagement with said inner shell beyond said groups of perforations and having a portion intermediate of its ends which extends into engagement with said imperforate zone between said groups, whereby said intermediate shell is supported from said inner shell and whereby high frequency resonator ..tion oi said inner shell and including a plurality of g r v sections 7 having flanges It will I at their longitudinal edges, the flanges of adjacent sections being secured together to form a shell enclosing-said perare hereinillustrated as used in connection with T said 'inneriandintermediate shells with an outer chamber formed'between said intermediate and outer "shells an'diorming with saidouter chamber a bottle neck-resonator chamber. 7

4.- A muillerincludin'g aninner shell having a plurality or L groups." f'ot perforations 1 arranged lengthwise of'said shell and separated by annular imperforate zones, an outer shell, and an intermediateshell arranged'about said groups of per- Iorations, said intermediate shell including a plurallty oi sections havingflon'gitudinal edge portions provided with outwardly extending flanges,

the flanges of "adjacent sections being secured together'to form a Jshell enclosing adajacent groups of perforations, said sections having end portions extending. inwardly: into contact with said inner shell, and a portion intermediate of said ends which extends into contact with an imperforate zone-of said'inner shell, whereby said intermediate shell iormswith said inner shell 8. A plurality of chambers, aportion of the flanges '01 "said sections adjacent to one of said chambers being spaced apart to form a passage from said chamber to a chamber formed between said inter- -mediate and outer shells.

5. A muiller including an inner perforate shell, an outer shell, and an intermediate shell arranged between said inner and outer shells and including a plurality of'sections having longitudinal edge portions connected to each other to form a complete shell and having end portions and an intermediate portion extending into engagement with said inner shell forsupportlng said intermediate shell on said inner shell and for forming with said inner shall a plurality of chambers, a portion of the flanges of .said sections adjacent to one of said chambers being spacedapartto form a bottle neck passage from said chamber to a chamber formed between'said intermediate and outer shells.

'6. A mulller including an inner shell having a perforate portion, an outer shell, and an intermediate shell arranged about said perforate portion of said inner shell and including a plurality of sections having flanges at their longitudinal edges, the flanges of adjacent sections being secured together to form a shell enclosing said perforate portion, the ends of said sections extending into engagement with said inner shell for supporting said intermediate shell on said inner shell, and to form a chamber between said inner and intermediate shells, an end of one of said sections having a longitudinal portion thereof spaced from an imperforate portion of said inner shell to form therewith a bottle neck passage connecting said chamber with a chamber formed between said intermediate and outer shells.

'7. A mullier including an inner shell having a perforate portion, an outer shell, and an intermediate shell arranged about said perforate portion of said inner shell and including a plurality of sections having flanges at their longitudinal edges, the flanges of adjacent sections being secured together to form a shell enclosing said perforate portion, the ends of said sections extending into engagement with said inner shell for supporting said intermediate shell on said inner shell, and for forming a chamber between said inner and intermediate shells, at least one of said flanges having a groove in the face thereof adjacent to an adjoining flange of another section, said groove terminating at one end thereof in said chamber and at the other end thereof in the space between said outer and intermediate shells to form with an adjacent flange a passageconnecting said chamber with said space.-

8. A muilier including an inner shellhaving a.

perforate portion, an outer shell, and an intermediate shell arranged about said perforate portion of said inner shell and including a plurality of sections having flanges at their longitudinal edges, the flanges of adjacent sections being secured together to form a shell enclosing said periorate' portion, the ends of said sections extending into engagement with said inner shell vfor supporting said intermediate shell on said inner shell and forforming a chamber between said inner and intermediate shells, a pair of adjacent flanges being provided with grooves facing each other and extending from said chamber to the outer edges of .said flanges, said grooves together forming a bottle neck passage connecting said chamber with 'a chamber formed between said intermediate and outer shells.

ROY J. MACKENZIE LUCIEN L. HAAS.

' v GAIL C. STARKWEATHER. 20

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