US2108872A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 22, 1938. c E sw ow 2,108,872

OIL BURNER Filed Jan. 13, 1956 Fig.1.

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Chufles E. Swallow Patented Feb. 22,1938

UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE- ommmm Charles 3. Swallow. m, Mass. Application January 1:, 1m, Serial No. 5am

' (flaims. (c1. isa-m This invention relates to oil burners and particularly to an oil burner designed for industrial low temperaturework.

My invention is embodied in an oil burner of the type having a rotary nozzle, and one object of the invention is to provide an oil burner of this type which is highly efllcient and in which the oil will'be thoroughly atomized and mixed with the air to provide the combustible mixture.

In many burners having revolving nozzles a considerable vacuum is created at the end of the nozzle when the burner is in operation, and the presence of such vacuum tends to retard the flame and also tends to counteract the atomization of the oil and to cause more or'less oil to gather in drops at the delivery end of the nozzle. Another object of my invention is to provide improvements nozzle situated axially of the air outlet and forming with the nozzle portion an annular passage for the discharge of air. The rotary nozzle is provided with a portion of progressively-decreasing diameter extending through and beyond the nozzle portion of the housing and which gives the nozzle a streamline eflect that prevents the rormation of a vacuum at the end of the rotary element. This rotary nozzle is rotated rapidly by the air passing through the housing from the inlet to the outlet and the parts are so constructed that the air delivered from the circular air delivery opening will be given a whirling movement in one direction, while the oil is delivered outwardly into the whirling air current with a whirling motion which is opposite to that of the air. The impact of the whirling oil jets with the oppositely-whirling air results in a line atomization of the oil and complete mixture of the oil with the air, thus producing a highly semcient combustible mixture.

In order to give an understanding of the invention I have illustrated in the drawing a selected embodiment thereof which will now be described after which the novel features will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a burner embodying my invention.

taken through the vanes 23.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary edge view of the rotor portion of the nomle; and

Fig. 4 is a atic view illustrating the manner in which the oil and air are mixed to produce the combustible mixture. 5

My improved burner comprises a housing member I having an air inlet opening 2 and a nozzle portion 3 provided with an air discharge opening 4. The nozzle portion 3 is shown as formed in aseparate piece from the body of the housing I 10 and it is detachably secured thereto through suitable bolts 5. The rotary nozzle member is indicated generally at 6 and it is provided with a body portion 1 which is rotatively mounted on a tubular extension 8 integral with the body of the 16 housing and projecting into the nozzle portion 3. Suitable ball bearings 9 are provided for rotatively supporting the nozzle member 6, there being two separate ball bearings which are spaced by the sleeve III that is secured to the tubular 20,

extension 8 by means of a set screw II. The inner end of the body 1 extends beyond the inner bearing 9 and a retaining ring I2 is secured'within the inner end of the body I by means or set screws l3. This retainer ring l2 prevents outward 25 longitudinal movement of the nozzle member.

The nozzle member 6 has a portion M of progressively-decreasing diameter extending through and beyond the air discharge opening 4, the projecting end portion l5 of the nozzle being closed 30 and preferably being rounded as shown. The nozzle is formed with an interior oil chamber it into which oil is fed through a port Il extending axially of the tubular extension 8, the supply oi. oil from the oil inlet ll being controlled by the 5 usual needle valve l9.

The oil chamber it of the nozzle communicates through openings 20 with an annular chamber 2| having an annular discharge opening or port 22 which is situated just beyond the end of the nozzle portion 3 of the housing. A

Provision is made for rapidly rotating the nozzle during the operation of the burner, for which purpose said nozzle is provided with a plurality of vanes 23 which are acted on by the air traveling through the chamber 244st the housing from the inlet 2 to the discharge opening 4.

The air delivered to the inlet 2 may be under relatively low pressure, but as the air passes through the vanes 23 it gives the nozzle a rapid rotation so that the oil delivered from the annular discharge opening 22 will be thrown outwardly with a rapid whirling motion. The means for rotating the nomle also results in giving the annular stream of air, which is delivered through the annular discharge opening I, a whirling motion in the opposite direction to that of the oil, the result being that the annular stream of oil which is whirling in one direction is thrown outwardly into an annular stream of air which is whirling in the opposite direction. The result of this is that the oil becomes very thoroughly atomized and mixed with the air, thus producing an extremely efllcient combustible mixture.

This opposite whirling motion of the air and the ofl results from the character of the vanes 23. The vanes are so constructed that-the two adjacent faces 25, of any two adjacent vanes are parallel with each other, as shown in Hg. 2, and are inclined relatively to the axis, as shown in Fig. 3. Because of this parallel arrangement the space 21 between any two adjacent vanes 23 has the same width at the periphery of the vanes as at the base thereof so that as the moving cur-- rent of air strikes the faces II of the vanes. as shown by the arrows a in Pig. 3, there is no tendency for the air to flow off from the ends of the vanes but the full velilect of the air pressure is transmitted to the vanes to give a rotary motion to the nozzle in the direction of the arrows c. As the air passesout from the spaces 21 it is given a whirling motion in the direction of the arrows b and this whirling motion is in an opposite direction to that in which the nomle is rotating. By this means the spray ofoii will be delivered outwardly from the annular space 22 into the annular sheet of air which is issuing from the air delivery opening 4 with'a whirling motion in a direction opposite to that of the stream of air. This is shown diagrammatically in Fig. t which may be considered as a view looking toward the nozzle from the right. In said Fig. 4 the circular row of arrows b indicates the direction of whirling motion of the air issuing from the annular port I, and the arrows 11 indicate the whirling motion of the oil issuing from the annular discharge opening 22. Because of the rotative movement of the nozzle the oil is thrown outwardly in approximately a tangential direction and will thus be directed against the oppositely-whirling sheet of air illustrated by the arrows b in mg. 4.

The progressively-tapered shape of the portion 6 of the nozzle together with the fact that it projects beyond the nozzle portion I of the housing gives to the nozzle a streamline effect which permits the air and oil mixture to flow off from the end of the nozzle without creating any vacuum at said end, the presence of which has a detrimental effect on the operation of the-burner. I claim:

1. An oil burner comprising a housing having an air inlet and a nozzle portion provided with.

a discharge opening, a rotary nozzle member situated axially of said discharge opening and forming with the wall thereof an annular air delivery passage, said nozzle member having an interior chamber and a closed end projecting beyond the nomle portion of the housing, vanes extending radially from the nozzle member and having inclined faces whereby the impact of the airpassingthro'ughthe houslngagainstthe vanes causes the nozzle member to rotate and produces a whirling motion in the air passing through the annular air delivery passage, and means for delivering oil to said interior chamber, said nozzle member being provided with an annular oil chamber open at one end on the exterior thereof at a point Just beyond the nozzle portion of the housing, said nozzle member also being provided with communicating passages between said annular chamber and the interior chamber. 2. An oil burner comprising a housing having an air inlet and a nozzle portion provided with a discharge opening, a rotary nozzle member situated axially of said discharge opening and forming with the wall thereof an annular air delivery passage, said nozzle member having an interior chamber and a closed end projecting beyond the nozzle portion of the housing, vanes extending radially from the nozzle member with the adjacent faces of any two adjacent vanes parallel to each other and inclined to the direction of air flow, whereby the impact of the air passing through the housing against the vanes causes the nozzle to rotate and produces a whirling motion in the air passing through the annular air delivery passage, and means to deliver oil to said interior chamber, said nozzle member having an annular oil chamber opening at one end on the exterior thereof and also having communicating passages between said annular chamber and the interior chamber, the rotary motion of the nozzle member delivering the oil fromthe open end of the annular oil chamber outwardly into the whirling'stream of air and with a whirling motion opposite to that of the stream ofair. r

3. An oil burner comprising a housing having an air inlet and a nozzle portion provided with a discharge opening, a rotary nozzle member situated axially of said discharge opening and forming with the wall thereof an annular air delivery passage, said nozzle member having an interior chamber and a closed outer end which projects through and beyond the nozzle portion of the housing, the portion of the nozzle member which thus projects through and beyond the housing having a progressively decreasing diameter in a; direction toward said closed end, vanes extending radially from the nozzle member and having inclined faces whereby the impact of the air passing through the housing I nozzle member delivering the oil from said annular discharge port outwardly into the whirling stream,- of air and with a whirling motion opposite to that of the stream of air.

CHARLES E. SWALLOW.

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