US2199139A - Boiler assembly - Google Patents

Description

April 30, 1940. Y H, M RPH 2,199,139

BOILER ASSEMBLY Filed March 31, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 46' 4.7

I W 9 e14 April 30, 1940. H. s. MURPHY BOILER ASSEMBLY 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 51, 1957 1067? for J Wan Patented Apr. 30, 1940.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BOILER ASSEIWBLY Application March 31, 1937, Serial No. 134,103

10 Claims. (61. 122-225) This invention. relates to a combustion chamber for boilers particularly designed to be used in connection with the sectional boiler shown in my co-pending application Ser. No. 106,570, filed October 20, 1936.

. The sectional boiler forming. the subject of myv said copending application comprises a boiler composed of similar sections arranged side by side to form the combustion chamber. and ,flues of the boiler and each vertical section is in turn composed of a plurality of smaller sections so formed that both the water and hotgases are required to traverse a circuitous path, crossing and recrossing one another in a generally vertical course through each vertical section and both in intimate contact with large areas of common walls so that a high rate of heat transfer is obtained resulting in quick pickup, longer off-firing periods, ,and low flue gas temperature, thereby providing low fuel consumption.

A further feature of the boiler forming the subject of my said co-pending application is the p-ro vision of a restricted central water orifice in each section at the point of impingement of the'hottest gases, this restricted orifice causing steam to be formed and the water jetted violently therethrough, thereby creating a violent turbulence which improves the heat transfer between the boiler walls and the water and permits of a reduction in the amount of boiler surface.

It is the principal object of this invention to provide a combustion chamber composed of refractory brick which becomes heated to a high.

temperature and is formed to provide passages through which the products of combustion escape before contacting the boiler, the high heat of the refractory material forming the combustion chamber serving to insure complete combustion sary to insure complete combustion of the fuel.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a combustion chamber in which restricted passages are provided which discharge the hot gases against the center of the boiler,

standard refractory brick, thus permitting the slabs to be built into the brickwork in the same manner as the bricks themselves.

Another object is to provide such a combustion chamber which can be rapidly fabricated at low cost and will stand up under constant use athigh temperatures without breaking down or losing e'fiiciency.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a vertical transverse section, through onevertical section of a sectional boiler mounted on the wall of a combustion chamber 'made in accordance withmy invention. t

' Fig. 2 is a side elevation ofthe combustion chamber and sectional boiler mounted thereon.

Fig. 3 is a verticalcentral section, taken on line 33, Big. 1.

Fig. 4 is'a fragmentary front elevation of' the combustion chamber.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section, taken online 5,-5, looking downwardly. 1

Fig. Bis a fragmentary vertical section, taken on line 6-6, Fig. 1. 1'

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of one of the panels used to form the top of the combustion chamber. The boiler in connection with which the combustion chamber forming the subject of the present invention is designed for use is preferably constructed as follows:

The boiler is composed of a plurality of identical sections l0, Illa. and Illb which, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3, are arranged side by side and each of these sections is composed of a lower horizontal section I3 and a generally T-shaped main section l4 having the central portion of its base con nected to and supported by the lower section it.

Each lower section I3 is formed at'its opposite ends toprovidea short water leg; l5 each of which is provided in its front and rear walls with relatively large holes H. The holes ll all. register with one another so that when the sections l3 are arranged face to face, as illustratedin Figs. 2 and '3, the openings 1 provide continuous conduits from one end of the boiler to the other for distribution of the cold water to each of the water legs. The holes ll also serve as a means for securing the several sections together in a watertight manner. For this purpose slip nipples (not shown) can be secured in the registering openings l! and suitable tie rods (not shown) are also preferably employed. The section I3 is made in the form of a hollow casting, rectangular in cross section, and to permit the products of combustion to escape vertical tubular flues 2i and 22 are provided at each end thereof. These flues 2! and 22, as illustrated in Fig. 3, are of smaller external diameter than the internal space across the section 53 so that the water is free to flow from the legs l5 to the center of the section 13. At its center the section I3 is provided in its top wall with a threaded opening receiving a nipple 23 which connects the lower section IS with the main section M and forms a restricted conduit for conducting the water to the main section 14.

The main section I4 is in the form of a generally T-shaped hollow casting including a central Y-shaped portion 25, the base 25 of which is connected to the lower section l3 by the nipple 23 and the rounding arms 21 of which terminate in lateral extensions 28 and 29. In spaced relation to the central Y-shaped portion 25, the main section I4 is formed to provide an upper horizontal cross bar 30, vertical hollow bars 3| and 32 and inwardly extending hollow bars 33 and 34 which extend under the lateral extensions 23 and 25 of the central Y-shaped portion 25.

The flow of water from the central Y-shaped portion 25 to the surrounding C shaped portion formed by the bars 3il34 is effected by a pair of hollow vertical webs 35 and 3E. The rear faces of these webs 35 and 36 are coplanar with and form continuations of the rear faces of the bars 3B34 and the base of the central Y-shaped portion 25 and form connecting water passages therebetween. The outer vertical sides of the webs 35 and 36 are also preferably spaced from the vertical side bars 3! and 32 to form rectangular openings 31, 38 through the back of each main section 14. The hollow webs 35 and 36 are spaced from one another to form a central circular opening 40 through the back of the main section l4, and the inner walls of the arms 21 of the Y-shaped central portion 25 form continuations of this opening so as to form a main horizontal continuous flue through the group of sections constituting the boiler assembly.

The arm 21 of the Y-shaped central portion 25 and its lateral extension 28 open at their rear sides into the web 35 and the lower end of this web 35 also communicates with the inward extension 33. The upper end of the hollow web 35 opens into the upper bar 30. Similarly, the other arm 21 of the Y-shaped central portion 25 and its lateral extension 29 open at their rear sides 'into the hollow web 35; the lower end'of this hollow web communicates with the inward extension 34 and the upper end of this hollow web opens into the upper bar 30 of the main boiler section I l.

The upper horizontal bar 35 is preferably provided with a raised central portion at its center and the front and rear walls of the bar 30 in this raised central portion are provided with openings 46. The openings 46 of the several sections register with one another in the assembled boiler so as to form a horizontal water discharge conduit extending through the several sections, and to provide a watertight connection between the several vertical section slip nipples (not shown) are preferably provided in the registering openings 46.

The inward extensions 33 and 34 are higher than the base 26 of the central Y-shaped portion and to support the outer extremities of the main section 14 blocks 55 of refractory material are interposed between the extremities of the sections 13 and I4. These blocks 55 also serve to block off the ends of the horizontal passages formed between the upper and lower sections [3 and M and by their use the castings forming these sections are less complicated and the provision of dead water or flue pockets is avoided. Refractory blocks can also be employed to block oif the front and rear ends of the chambers formed between the sections l3 and M in the assembled boiler.

The front faces andthe rear faces, respectively, of the lower section I3; refractory blocks 50; Y-shaped central part 25 of the main section i4 and the upper bar 30; side bars 3| and 32 and extensions 33 and 34 of this main section M are disposed in a common plane. It will therefore be seen that when the sections l0, HJa,

Hlb are assembled the hot gases striking the undersides of the lower sections (3 are required to pass upwardly through the openings 2| and 22 of the lower sections i3 into the chambers 54 and 55 between the sections I3 and I4, the sides and ends of which are blocked off by the refractory blocks 55. The gases then sweep toward the inner end of each chamber 54 and 55 against the nozzle or leg 25 and against the legs 21 of the central Y-shaped portions 25 and pass out through the angular passages 55 and 5'! formed between these Y-shaped portions 25 and the extensions 33 and 34. As the passages 56 and 51 are in part formed by the hollow webs 35 and 36, it will be seen that the hot gases are uniformly distributed to the many passages 56 and 5'! and are prevented from sweeping to one end of the assembled boiler. From the passages 56 and 51 the gases pass upwardly through the chambers 58 and 59 which extend the full length of the boiler assembly and from these chambers the hot gases are deflected inwardly through the passages 60 and SI between the upper bar 30 and the extensions 28 and 29 of the central Y-shaped portions 25. As these passages 50 and p 6! are in part formed by the hollow webs 35 and 36 the hot gases are uniformly distributed to the passages 60 and GI and prevented from sweeping to one end of the boiler assembly. From the passages 60 and BI, the gases sweep down into the main horizontal flue formed by the openings 40 through the several boiler sections and from one end of this main horizontal flue the gases are, of course, conducted to the usual smoke stack (not shown).

With the boiler assembled as above described, the -cold water admitted at the bottom of the water legs [5 flows inwardly from the opposite extremities of the sections I 3 and upwardly through the restricted nipples 23 into the bases 25 of the Y-shaped portions of the sections M. The hottest flue gases impinge centrally against the undersides of the sections l3 and the flue gases also impinge against the sides of the base 26. The water is therefore brought to a high temperature under the nipple 23 and steam is formed, the water thereby being jetted through the nipple 23 at high velocity and being violently agitated, this turbulence of the water continuing in the upward passage of the water through the arms 21 and webs 36 of the main boiler section are-ease and the water and thereby improves thee'fiiciency of heat transfer and permits a boiler having "a smallersurfac'e to be employedas compared-with a boiler unprovided with the central restricted jets or nipples 23. I

From the base. 26 of each of the "Y-shaped po'r-' tions 25 the flow of the turbulent water divides into several paths. One stream-passes through the branch 21' of the 'Y-s'haped central portio'n 25 horizontally across the bottom of the web 35 into the inward extension 33 and-thence up the vertical bar 3| into the hoiizon ta'l'bar '39. Another stream flows up the branch 21 of the Y-shaped central portion into the lateral extension 28 and out through the dipper of the web 35 into the upper hor'izontal'bar '30.

Similarly, on the other side of the :boiler one stream from the base of the Y-s'hape'd portion 25 passes generally in a horizontal direction across the bottom of the hollowweb 35 iritothe vertical-bar 32 While another stream fl'ows vertically through the lateral extension 29 andf'upper part of the hollow web- 36. All of these streams in each section merge in the upper bar 30 and pass into the common outlet duct formed by the registering openings 4B and ll of the several sections ill, llla and F01).

The combustion chamber forming the subject of the present invention is designed to insure complete combustion of the fuel and also to direct the hot gases to the center of the several lower sections !3 so as to concentrate heat under the nozzle or nipple 23' and improve its jetting action in creating a high turbulence in the water. The combustion chamber includesfront wall 65 made of refractorybri'ck of'standard size and having included therein a block 56 of refractory material through which 'fuel and a'i'r are introduced into the 'combustionchambe'r. The combustion chamber shown is designed for the use of liquid fuel. The combustion chamber -is provided with side walls 6? and (i8 likewise made of standard refractory 69 connecting the rear ends of the side walls -61 and '53. The water legs [5 of the assembled boiler rest on the side walls 6'! and -68, as best illustrated in Fig. l and the boiler is therefore adequately supported.

The roof of the combustion chamber and also the upper portions of the front :and rear walls 65 and 69 are formed of a plurality of identical slabs or panels in which are made of a refractory material in the form illustrated in Fig. "7. The end dimensions of each of the slabs or panels 10 are the same as. the face dimensions 'of -the standard brick used in building the Walls of the 'com-fl I bustion chamber and the slabs H1 extend the full length of the combustion chamber and are sup.

ported on the front and rear walls thereof. Each slab on one side and for the major portion of its length is recessed as indicated at N. This recessed portion extends from a line 12 adjacent one corner of the slab to a line 13 adjacent the diagonally opposite corner of the slab so as to form a flat face 14 which is disposed at an angle to the major fiat faces of the slab. To permit of conveniently building the slabs into the front and rear walls of the combustion chamber the end portions 15 of the slabs are of regular rectangular form and of thesamedimensions "as the standard bricks employed in building up the combustion chamber.

brick and 'a rear wall In laying a roof composed of the flat slabs 10 a pair o'f'the flat slabs are first laid face to face with their ends supported on the bricks forming the front and rear walls'65 and 69 with the recessed portions "H facing outwardly and upwardly 5 and the end. walls are then built up with addi tional bricks'so as to 'bringthem to the level of the tops of these slabs. A brick of standard dimensions is then laid centrally at the opposite ends of thesesl'abs 10 so as to bridge the abutting 0 faces of these-slabs, as best illustrated in Fig. 1, and a second-pair of slabs l0 isthen laid alongside of these bricks. These upper slabs are therefore spaced by one brick and are also laid with their recessed portions facing downwardly and inwardly so as to form slots 89 and 8| in the roof of the combustion chamber, these slots extending the full length of the combustion chamber and discharging the products of combustion against the portion of the sections l3 immediately under the jets or nozzles 23.

Thebalan'ce of'the ends walls 65 and 69 is then bricked up or blocked off in any suitable manner to prevent the escape of the products of combustion. The products of combustion from the combustion'chamber are compelled to escape through the'slots and 85. In doing so the slabs '10 forming the roof of the combustion chamber are heated white hot. The complete combustion of the gases passing through the slots 80 and ill and thereby in intimate contact with the recessedfaces of'the slabs It is therefore insured. By this means complete combustion of the fuel is provided with resultant economy and carbon deposits in the passages through the boiler are avoided. At the sametime the slots and BI direct the intensely hot products of combustion against the center of the boiler and immediately under the jetting nozzle 23, thereby providing anintense heat at this point which .r m improves the efficiency of the nozzle or nipple 23 as a steam'and water jet for creating turbulence in the main section M- of the boiler.

Fromthetbrego'ingit is apparent that the present invention provides a combustion 'chamas ber which insures complete combustion in the'fuel by the provision of narrow slots through a refractory roof maintained at high temperature and also providesa combustion chamber in which the hot products of combustion can be directed against that part of the boiler which the highest degree of efiiciency dictates, this being, with the boiler shown, against the portion immediately under the central nozzles or jets 23. It is also apparent that with the slabs Ill recessed as shown 35 only one type of roof slab need be provided to provide the slots or passages through the roof, these slots or "passages being provided by the simple expedient of laying the upper slabs in offset and inverted relation to the lower slabs. 80 It will'alsobe seen that by making the end dimensions of the slabs the same as the dimensions of standard brick; the slabs can readily be built into the bricku' o'rk forming the end walls of the combustion chamber, thereby facilitating the erection of the combustion chamber.

With the boiler assembly as above described, noise is also eliminated. the baffles provided by the slabs eliminating noise, and 'atthe same time a long flue travel is provided complete combustion takes place before the flue gases impinge on the lower section of the boiler.

I claim as my invention: 1.. A boiler'assembly of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber including en'- f5 closing walls and a roof connecting said walls and composed of a plurality of flat slabs of a refractory material arranged side by side and supported at their ends on said walls, a boiler supported by said Walls and extending over said roof, said slabs being each recessed at one corner only and being laid in inverted and onset relation to one another with said recesses in register whereby each pair of registering recesses provides a laterally extending opening through the roof of said combustion chamber through which the products of combustion are discharged against said boiler, said boiler being provided with a flue through which said products of combustion escape.

2. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber including enclosing walls made of bricks composed of a refractory material, and a roof connecting said walls and composed of a plurality of slabs of a refractory material arranged side by side, the end faces of said slabs being brick size and being built into opposite walls of said combustion chamber as a part of the brickwork thereof, said slabs being each recessed at one corner only and being laid in inverted and offset relation to one another with said recesses in register whereby each pair of recesses provides a laterally extending opening through the roof of said combustion chamber through which the products of combustion are discharged against said boiler, said boiler being spaced at its center above said roof and being provided with an upwardly extending flue through which said products of combustion pass.

3. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber including enclosing walls and a roof of a refractory material connecting said walls, a boiler including a lower horizontal cross bar supported at its ends on the walls of said combustion chamber, an upper main hollow boiler section arranged above said cross bar and means connecting said cross bar and main boiler section and providing a central restricted vertical jet providing internal communication therebetween, means for supplying water to said cross bar and an opening in the roof of said combustion chamber and directing the products of combustion against the underside of said cross bar at a place below said jet, said cross bar and main boiler section being formed to provide a flue through which the products of combustion escape.

4. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber including enclosing walls and a roof of a refractory material connecting said walls, a boiler including a lower horizontal cross bar supported at its ends on the walls of said combustion chamber and spaced above said roof, an upper main hollow boiler section arranged above said cross bar and a central nipple connecting said cross bar and main boiler section and providing a central restricted vertical jet providing internal communication therebetween, means for supplying water to said cross bar and an opening in the roof of said combustion chamber and directing the products of combustion laterally and upwardly against the underside of said cross bar at a place directly below said jet, said cross bar and main boiler section being formed to provide a flue through which the products of combustion escape.

5. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber including enclosingwalls and a roof of a refractory material connecting said walls, a boiler including Water legs supported by the side walls of said combustion chamber, a hollow horizontal cross bar connecting said water legs, an upper main hollow boiler section arranged above said cross bar and a central nipple connecting said cross bar and main boiler section and providing a central restricted vertical jet providing internal communication therebetween, means for supplying water to said water legs and an opening in the roof of said combustion chamber and directing the products of combustion laterally and upwardly against the underside of said cross bar at a place directly below said jet, said cross bar and main boiler section being formed to provide a flue through which the products of combustion escape.

6. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber including enclosing walls made of a refractory material and a roof connecting said walls and composed of a plurality of slabs of a refractory material arranged side by side, said slabs being externally recessed to provide a laterally and upwardly extending opening through the roof of said combustion chamber through which the products of combustion are discharged, a boiler including a lower horizontal cross bar supported at its ends on the walls of said combustion chamber, an upper main hollow boiler section arranged above said cross bar and means connecting said cross bar and main boiler section and providing a central restricted vertical jet providing internal communication therebetween and means for supplying water to said cross bar, said opening in the roof of said combustion chamber directing the products of combustion against the underside of said cross bar at a place below said jet, said cross bar and main boiler section being formed to provide a flue through which the products of combustion escape.

7. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber including enclosing walls made of a refractory material and a roof connecting said walls and composed of four slabs of a refractory material arranged side by side, the ends of said slabs being built into the opposite walls of said combustion chamber and being each recessed at one corner only and laid in inverted and offset relation to one another with said recesses in register whereby each pair of recesses provides a laterally and upwardly extending opening through the roof of said combustion chamber, a boiler including a lower horizontal cross bar supported at its ends on the walls of said combustion chamber, an upper main hollow boiler section arranged above said cross bar and a nipple connecting said cross bar and main boiler section and providing internal communication therebetween, and means for supplying water to said cross bar, said openings in the roof of said combustion chamber directing the products of combustion in opposing streams against the underside of said cross bar at a place directly below said jet, said cross bar and main boiler section being formed to provide a flue through which the products of combustion escape.

8. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber including side and end enclosing walls of a refractory material and a substantially flat roof connecting said walls and composed of a plurality of flat slabs of a refractory material arranged side by side and supported at their ends on said walls, a boiler supported by said walls and extending over i and end enclosing walls of a refractory material and a substantially fiat roof connecting said walls and composed of a plurality of flat slabs of a refractory material arranged side by side and supported at their ends on said walls, a boiler supported by said walls and extending over said roof in closely spaced relation thereto, said slabs being indented at one corner to provide a plurality of openings in the roof of said combustion chamber, said openings extending at an angle to both the'horizontal and the vertical to direct the products of combustion laterally into the space between said boiler and roof and directly against the underside of said boiler, said boiler being provided with a flue through Which the products of combustion pass.

10. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber includingside and end enclosing'walls of a refractory material and a roof which is substantially flat on its upper and lower sides, and composed of horizontal slabs of a refractory material connecting said walls, a boiler composed of a plurality of sections each having water legs supported directlyon the tops of said side walls and the central part of said boiler being spaced a' short distance above said roof, said roof of said combustion chamber having a plurality of openings extending atan angle to both the horizontal and the vertical to direct the products of combustion laterally into the space between said boiler and roof and against the area of said boiler delimited by its legs, said boiler sections being formed exteriorly to provide a plurality of circuitous passages through which the products of combustion pass.

' HARRY s.

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