US2185467A - Hair dyeing composition and method - Google Patents

Description

Manama UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Products Corporation, (micago, Iii.

tion of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 3, 1938, Serial No. 238,028

materials for coloring human hair on human heads The concept of dyeing hair is in general an extremely old one. Although many different types of dyes have been and are used at the present time for dyeing hair, most of them used up to the present time have been unsatisfactory in from one or more of several standpoints. The conventional hair dye employs inorganic salts, usually lead or silver salts, which produce the desired shades by forming sulphides or oxides. This type of dye is unsatisfactory, because it is poisonous and, secondly, because it produces unnatural shades. Actually, this form of dye coats the hair rather than dyes it, and hence it is substantially impossible to obtain suitable effects by the use of dyes of this character.

There is a number of organic base dyes now being sold commercially with fair satisfaction to obtain suitable colors and natural appearance in dyeing of human hair. But heretofore most of the dyes of this class have been found to be poisonous and hence their use on the hair is objectionable. Dyes of this class, of which paraphenylene-diamine and para-amidophenol may be taken as examples, are applied to'the hair with hydrogen peroxide or other oxidizing agent which oxidizes the bases to form colored compounds having a wide variety of shades. The poisonous character of these dyes manifests itself in general by getting into the blood stream and reducing the blood and by forming rashes on the skin. While every user of this class of dye does not feel the effects of poison, the proportionate number of users directly aflected is suiiiciently high to make these dyes'very unsatisfactory.

A number of coal tar dyes are known which are nonpoisonous and which may be used very satisfactorily to dye human hair if the dyeing is carried on at an elevated temperature. In view of the fact that hair cannot be dyed in situ at a temperature high enough to be uncomfortable to the head, and since. further, conditions are not such as to permit the use of large concentrations of alkali or acid, which otherwise could be used to produce proper results, the nonpoisonous coal tar dyes have not been used to any great extent. They will color the hair, but substantially only a surface coating of the color is ap plied and this will wash off quite readily, leaving the hair without dye.

The object of my invention is to overcome the objections found in the use of hair dyes known heretofore.

Another object is the provision of means for coloring the hair with a natural appearing dye which is not too readily removed and which is non-poisonous.

Another object is the provision of means for dyeing the hair which can be made available to ordinary users and which can be used by the person of ordinary intelligence and experience in dyeing.

In my copending application, Serial No. 189,- 168, filed February '7, 1938, Pat. No. 2,163,043, I have disclosed novel means for overcoming various of the objections to the use of hair dyes as heretofore known in the prior art. In that application, I have disclosed the use of urea and organic derivatives of urea in conjunction with organic dyes to produce improved results in the dyeing of hair. My present invention is predicated upon additional discoveries covering an extension of the novel teachings of my aforesaid copending application whereby even superior results accrue.

I have made the discovery that if a proportion of formamide, or certain derivatives of formamide, as hereinafter fully described, is employed with a dye, that dye can be used much more satisfactorily for coloring the human hair due to the presence and action of the formamide or derivative thereof. A number of advantages attend the use of the formamide or derivatives thereof but, in general, these may be classified as the ability to dye at a lower temperature, the production of a faster and more permanent color on the hair, and the possibility of using dyes for coloring the hair which heretofore were entirely unsatisfactory for the purpose. Adherence is better, evener, more natural appearing, and in other ways more satisfactory final results are obtained. While the formamide or its derivatives may be used with any type of dye which can be used to dye the hair, theinvention makes possible the selection of dyes which in themselves are non-irritating to the skin and non-poisonous to the human body. The formamide or its derivatives does not affect the toxicity of the dye; in other words, if a normally non-toxic dye is used, it will be non-toxic in the presence of the formamide or its derivatives.

, My invention obviously does not concern itself with the use of any particular types of dyes. I may accordingly use any suitable coal tar dye, vegetable dye or dye of animal origin. The dye may be synthetically prepared or it maybe a 86- natural dye; acid, direct and basic dyes produce satisfactory results whether they belong to the azo group, anthraquinone group, triphenylmethane group, etc.

Although aqueous solutions have been referred to, it is by no means necessary that the hair be dyed with a water solution of the dye. Nonaqueous solvents may be used where and if indicated and the formamide or its derivatives will function effectively.

The dye composition employed may, in addition to the dye proper and formamide or its clerivatives, contain ingredients like diluents, salt, sugar, assistants, water proofing agents, fixatives, and the like, now used in the dyeing industries. Gums can also be used which are soluble in formamide or its derivatives or in the solvent used with the dye. such a manner as to form a coating on the hair along with the dye, so that upon drying the coating becomes substantially insoluble. Small proportions of gum damar, rezyls, glyptals, urea and, in general, mu withinthe scope of the formula wherein R, R and R are hydrogen or organic aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, aliphatic-aromatic, hydroaromatic, or heterocyclic radicals such as hydrocarbon radicals like alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylol, aralkylol, or derivatives or substitution products such as halogen, hy-

- droxy, and the like. R, R and R may be the same or dissimilar. In its simplest form, and in the particularly preferred embodiment, the compound is formamide in which case R, R and R are each hydrogen.

While numerous examples may be given of chemical compounds which may be employed in admixture with the organic dyes, the following illustrative examples will be sufiicient:

/NH| (l) O=O CH: (2) 0=G OH:

Gums may be used in sac in-(woken.

NH-CHOH-CHr-G 1 As I have indicated previously, my preferred embodiment comprises the employment of formamide, both from the standpoint of cost and excellence of functioning. In general, those compounds wherein R, R and R are hydrogen or alkyl groups containing not more than four carbon atoms produce particularly satisfactory results. I do not, however, exclude from the broader aspects of my invention other compounds not falling into this category such as various of those previously disclosed by way of illustration.

A solvent for the dye should be employed in which the formamlde or derivative thereof is soluble. Normally, water is preferably employed although other solvents inwhich formamide or its derivatives is soluble may be employed such as ethyl alcohol or other organic solvents or mixtures thereof with water.-

The formamide or derivative thereof may be used in proportions varying from 1% to and even higher on the basis of the solvent employed. The amount of dye used may range from a fraction of 1% of the solvent upto 10% and more, depending upon the density of the shade desired. When solid preparations are produced, and merchandised as such, they can be made up either of the dye and a solid amide or derivative thereof alone, or mixtures of the dye, solid amide or derivative thereof and salt, sugar, Glaubers salt, or other organic or inorganic salt, gum, water-proofing agent, diluent, fixative, and the like, used when dyeing. For the preparation. of

degrees C. in order to insure that the product will remain in powder form even under unusually high temperatm'e conditions due to weather or storage conditions.

Mechanics of the method consist of dissolving the hair dye composition in water or other solvent' to make a solution of suitable strength, depending upon the shade desired. This solution is applied to the hair with a brush, sponge, or by other means of contact, such as dipping until the hair is properly saturated with the solution. The temperature may be modified somewhat to suit the particular dye used, but it should not be suihciently high to be markedly uncomfortable to the head. The product can be made in the form of a paste which can be put on the head as a pack. Whatever the means of application, the dye solution should be allowed to dry completely and the hair then thoroughly rinsed with warm water. After this, the hair is dried again. As an example of the use of my invention, the following compositions may be considered:

EXAIIPL! I.G0lden blonde Brown BN cfl. 422 grams 1.25 Formamide do Water cubic centimeters--- 900 I Exnlrne II.-Light brown Brown BN C. I. 422 grams 9.5 ARR do 0.5 Formamide do 100 Water cubic centimeters 890 Exmnn Ill-Black Zambesi black Schultz Dyestui! Tables, am

was IV.--Black Zambesi black Schultz Dyestuff Tables. 8th

Water cubic centimeters Exlurru: V.-Warm brown Zambesi black Schultz Dyestuir Tables, 8th

edition, No. 555 do 120% AER rams" Orange I C. I. do Formamide do Water cubic centimeters Exnn'u VL-Aubum .Zambes'i black Schultz Dyestuif Tables, am

edition, No. 555 "grams" Orange I C. I. 150 do Formamide do Water cubic centimeters- Exnu u VII-Black Zambesi black Schultz Dyestuif Tables, 8th

edition, No. 555 grams 120% ABR do Green B C. i. 247 do Blue 5R8 C. I. 289 do Creatinine do Water cubic centimeters..-

Exulru: VIIL-Black Zambesi black Schultz Dyestufi Tables, 8th

Exmns IX-Black Zambesi black Schultz Dyestui! Tables, 8th

edition, No. 555 "grams" 120% do Green B C. I. 24"! do Blue 5R2! C. I. 289 do Acetamide s do Water cubic centimeters Ammonium Hydroxide (sufficient to raise composition to pH of about 9.5)

Exams: X.Dark brown Zambesi black Schultz Dyestuff Tables, 8th

edition, N0. 555 grams 120% ARR d0 Formamide do Water cubic centimeters Exlluru: X[.--Black Zambesi black Schultz Dyestufl Tables, 8th

edition, No. 555 grams 120% ABR do Green B C. I. 247 do Blue 5RX C. I. 289 d0 Formamide do Water "cubic centimeters The dyestufl' designated 120% ABR is a specially made dye and has no color index number.

It-is manufactured by diazotizing acetyl paraphenylenediamine, coupling it with phenyl the 75 4 a acetyl group by hydrolysis. Its structural H,N-C -N=N While most of the examples given are used in water solution, compositions are readily made for use with a mixture of water and organic solvents, or for use with pure organic solvents. The cornpositions are preferably applied to the hair at room temperatures. The pH thereof may vary, but a pH of 8.0 to 9.0 of the hair dye solution is preferred although it may be below 6.0 and around 10.0 or even above. The best results appear to be obtained, however, as stated,,by operating with the pH range of 8.0 to 9.0.

It should be understood that the invention is not limited to use with any particular class of dyes or with any particular process. Any dye suitable for the purpose can be used with the amides or derivatives thereof and, when applied to the hair in the form of a solution or paste, will produce a hair coloring of greatly improved character. While my invention does not, in general, contemplate the use of toxic dyes on the human head due to their deleterious efiect upon body tissue, nevertheless the amide and its derivatives, when used in accordance with my invention, will improve the action ofsuch dyes when used in hair dyeing.

Whenever the term hair is employed in the claims, it will be understood to mean hair on the human head.

What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A hair dyeing composition comprising an organic dye and an agent effective to cause adherence of the dye to the hair, said agent consisting of a water-soluble chemical compound having the nucleus wherein R, R and R, are the same or dissimilar members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower molecular weight alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylol, aralkylol and derivatives thereof.

3. A hair dyeing composition comprising a forwater-soluble organic dye and an agent effective to cause adherence of the dye to'the hair, said agent consisting of a chemical compound having the nucleus 4. A hair dyeing composition comprising an 5. A hair dyeing composition containing .a

water-soluble dye, a solvent therefor, and an agent effective to cause adherence of the dye to the hair, said agent consisting of a water-soluble chemical compound corresponding to the general formula I wherein R, R and R are the same or dissimilar members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower molecular weight alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylol, aralkylol and derivatives thereof, the chemical compound comprising between approximately 1% and 25% and the organic dye comprising between about a fraction of 1% and 10%, the percentages being by weight and based upon the amount. of the solvent.

6. A -hair dyeing composition in accordance with claim 5 wherein the chemical compound is formamide.

7. A hair dyeing composition comprising an organic dye and an agent effective to cause adherence of the dye to the hair, said agent consisting of a. chemical compound having the formula wherein R and R comprise the same or dissimilar alkyl radicals each of which contains not more than four carbon atoms.

8. Ahair dyeing composition comprising an organic dye and an agent effective to cause adherence of the dye to the hair, said agent consisting of a water-soluble amide of lower molecular weight.

9. A hair dyeing composition comprising a water-soluble organic dye having an acidic group and an agent effective to cause adherence of the dye to the hair, such agent consisting of a watersoluble non-toxic amide of lower molecular weight.

10. A hair dyeing composition comprising an aqueous solution of an organic dye and an agent effective to cause adherence of the dye tothe hair, said agent consisting of formamide, the pH' of said solution being from about 8.0 to about 9.0.

WOLF KRITCHEVSKY,