US2177944A - Cross weaving - Google Patents

Description

oct. 31, 1939. ORT() 2,177,944

CROS S WEAVING ATTORNEY.

OC. 31, 1939.. Lv D, ORTO 2,177,944

CROS S WEAVING Filed Dec. 27, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 F F- fi z FB 5a l V -40 'l `x4 I '64 m p i W ATTH/VEY Oct. 31, 1939.

l., D. oR-rp CROSS WEAVING 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed DeG. 27, 1938 INVENTOR MUI'MMML ATTORNEY.

out. 31, 1939. D, ORTQ 2,177,944

CROS S WEAVING Filed Dec. 27, 193B 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 6 BYl ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 31, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 5 Claims.

In the conventional system of cross-weaving (considering it in its simplest form), given the reed of the loom and what we may term. a pair of primary standard harnesses (each being a 1 frame carrying heddles) at the reed side thereof there is a douping harness comprising what we may term a secondary standard harness (being a frame carrying heddles the same as each primary standard harness) and douping means comprising a frame or bar and loops or doups which extend from the latter and have each a reeving engagement with a heddle of the secondary standard harness. With respect to any two threads to undergo the crossing, one extends `through a heddle of one of the primary harnesses and thence freely through the secondary harness and directly to and through a dent in the reed. The other, or Whip thread, extends through a heddle of the other primary harness, then through the loop or doup of a secondary harness heddle which next adjoins the first thread, and thence to and through the mentioned dent of the reed. The threads are kept taut and tend to lie parallel from the whip-roll to the take-up of the loom With the rst thread between the latter heddle and the whip thread, which condition they will assume if the doup permits, as by being pulled or reeved through its heddle by the whip thread; and in this state the primary harnesses may be manipulated to cause the two threads to partake in the forming of a shed. But if the doup is pulled through its heddle in the opposite direction by its bar or frame and there held, the Whip thread will be thereby so displaced laterally as -to cross under the other cr standard thread between the secondary harness and the primary harnesses, and in that state of the threads the harnesses may again be manipulated to cause vthe threads to partake in the forming of a second shed.

Now, there are these faults with this system: The lateral displacement only affects one of the threads (the whip thread), the other remaining always in xed position; in other words, the strain incident to displacement is not apportioned, and there is the necessity, furthermore, that a so-called slackener must be provided to afford a yield specifically to the whip thread. But what is of most significance is the fact that such displacement as the whip thread undergoes does not alfect the whip thread further back than the corresponding primary standard harness, Wherefore an incident of the crossing is a violent rubbing or Wearing and straining of the threads, and this means that cross-Weaving cannot be performed successfully unless the threads are coarse and hence strong enough to withstand the indicated abrasion.

According to this invention the displacement may be made to affect both threads and the strain incident to such displacement is consequently apportioned between them, and whatever slackening or yield may be required may be effective as to both threads. Further, the displacement in any case is permitted to act clear back to the whip-roll, Vwherefore there is no crossing in the limited sense o-f the conventional system and no contact of the threads with each other, and hence no straining or abrasion incident thereto. Consequently, cross-Weaving according to this invention may be performed with the use of threads of the very iinest gage; in fact, there is no strain or Wear on the threads beyond that required for the shedding.

According to my invention one or each thread is to be passed around the other without necessary contact, as between them; the displacement may aiect the thread or each thread from the Whip-roll of the loom` to at least the reed.` Essentially, for any thread so to be moved there are two members, as heddles, each capable of movement independently of the `other in a direction from one face of the warp and back, and a flexible connector connects and has an eye between them through which one thread to be moved is reeved, the other thread being between the members and at the side of the connection facing in said direction. By including two other members each capable of movement independently of the other in the opposite direction and a liexible connector connecting and having an eye between them through which the other thread is reeved, each thread may be moved around the other.

In practice for a connector, I use a doup having a reeving engagement with the corresponding members and there are elements, as harness frames or bars, to which the extremities of the doup are connected and either of which is movable in the direction in which said members are movable and back when one member so moves and While the other element is maintained in a substantially constant relation to the other member. However, this is not to be regarded as inevitably indispensable.

In practice, further, the displacement of one or either thread around lthe other in this Way would form the beginning of a shed-forming operation. In other words, the means outlined above could, of itself, be used to complete the movements 'of thethreads to their shed-forming positions, so that as either thread becomes positioned at one side or the other of the other thread filling may be passed through the shed including these threads.

I further set forth herein novel mechanism for selectively manipulating, subject to a given pattern, the said members and elements.

In the drawings,

Figs. 1 and 2 are iront-to-rear sectional and more or less diagrammatic views showing the harnesses, doups and doup-controlling elements and the threads, the system being here in its mentioned preferred form and arrangement, Fig. i showing the parts in the state in which the threads occupy their normal positions and Fig. 2 showing them in the state in which the threads have passed each other, thread a in the more remote path;

Figs. la, 1D and 1c show in front elevation and in three different positions a harness, as B, and the adjoining element Il, and, diagrammatically, the connections for co-ordinating their move ments;

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of so much of a loom as includes shedding means containing what is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and my mechanism for selectively, or according to a given pattern, operating the same;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary front elevation, partly in section, showing a portion of the shedding means and parts of said mechanism such as the shiiters, the needles and guides for the latter;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on line 5 5, Fig. 4,

and includes the cylinder and its controller;

Fig. G is a view showing the cylinder in plan and the other parts of Fig. 5 in section on line 6, Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a plan of the grid of the upper shifter;

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a hook and its carrier; and

Fig. 9 is a plan of a needle.

In Figs. l and 2 there are shown two pairs of harnesses A and B each comprising a frame i (see Fig. 3, only the bars la being shown in Figs. l and 2) doup-carrying members as heddles 2 in the frame, the heddles consisting of intercoupled looped cords as shown and thus in this example serving guides for the doups, the guides proper of which are at the coupling points 2a. Connecting the heddles is a flexible connector, here a doup, in reeving engagement With the guides proper of each pair, being a flexible cord having an eye they are U-shaped, the left-hand doup being inverted. The ends of each doup are afiixed to frames or other doup-controlling elements fi, there being a pair to each pair of harnesses if-B. The threads in Fig. 1 are in their closed-hed positions, here at least for the sake of illustration thread a above thread h; they extend respectively through the eyes 3a and between the heddles of each group.

Consider, Jirst, the left-hand group of parts A-B--3.l, and disregard for the meanwhile the fact that the thread a is subject to actuation by the other group. Il B is moved relatively to A, or vice versa, in the upward direction, the thread h may be made to pass one side or the other of thread a according as the doup is held in substantially fixed relation to the rising heddle but is allowed vto reeve past the guide 2a of the other heddle, as by elevating the element 4 adjoining the rst heddle at the same rate as the latter wlnle allowng or causing the other element to rise so as to tend to produce slack in the doup. Thus in Fig. 2, A has descended and B has risen,

the right-hand element 4 maintaining constant its relation to B but the left-hand element has moved relatively to A tending to produce slack in the doup.

In this way, thread b being caused to pass upwardly past thread a first at one side and then at the other, incidentally far enough to partake in the forming of a shed for reception of weit or iilling, crossweaving may be performed without any of the disadvantages incident to the conventional system.

Preferably the other group A--B---d of parts Will operate in the same way on thread a (or while B-l of the left-hand group are rising the relatively opposite member A is descending), so that when thread b is rising at either side of thread a, the latter will be descending.

The load and incidental strain involved in passing one thread past the other of course is imposed on that heddle around whose guide 2a the doup becomes formed with a bight, as at the right of the left-l1and group or the left of the right-hand group in Fig. 2. If, in addition, there were sliding friction as between the doup and the guide at this time undue wear of the guide-portion of the heddle with some Wear of the doup would ensue. Regarding the two heddles as doup-supporting members with each of which the doup, with its eye between them, has a normally free reeving engagement and which are movable independently of each other in one direction from the face of the warp and back, my invention contemplates means, during said movement of a member, to hold the doup against substantial reeving motion with respect to such member, which means includes', with the elements 4, certain other parts in the present example, as will appear. Thereby sliding friction, in the presence of strain, and consequent wear are avoided.

Of course, with the use of additional harnesses not associated with coupling means 3 6, an innite number of iigures and designs may be worked out in the fabric, perhaps requiring, for example, the rise or fall of all or either oi the groups shown, i. e., without the differential movement of the elements 4.

Each harness and each element 4 is to be here regarded as a part of an endless flexible system also including a dat bar 5 to form a carrier and which is arranged to move lengthwisel of itself and which may be connected with such harness or element in any way, as by cords 6 extending from the ends of bar 5 and connected with other cords '5, attached to such harness or elements, through the medium of levers 8, the cords 'I extending around pulleys El as guides. Pvoted to each carrier 5 between its own ends is a flat double hook I0, here having hook portions IUa projecting in the same direction crosswise of and arranged on opposite sides of its pivoting axis. According as the hook is shifted so as to bring the one or the other of its hook portions into the path of the shifter therefor so the device 5-HJ and the system of which it forms a part will be shifted. Carrier 5 opposite the pvot has lugs 50i-5b projecting in the same direction as the hook portions ma.

On the loom frame il is mounted a frame l2 having two vertical fixed shafts I3 (one being hidden by the other). A pair of Shifters ld are to reciprocate on these shafts together toward and together from each other. Each shifter includes (Figs. 4 and 5) a pair of heads I5 penetrated by and free on the shafts, and to keep separated each device 5-I from its neighbor and shift the lsame (to wit, froma mid-position up and down or down and up) according to the requirement of the pattern, each shifter also includesrthese parts: A channeled member I6 rigidly connecting the heads and slots at |6a, Fig. 7, so as toaccommodate separately said devices 5-||), and a plate or knife the knife for the upper shifter extending upwardly and that for the lower shifter extending downwardly from the corresponding member I6. According as a hook portion Ilia of any such device 5-|0, on pivotal movement of the hook when the two .Shifters approximate each other, extends past the upper or lower edge (as the case may be) of a knife, so whenV the Shifters move apart such device will partake of the movement, up or down, of the corresponding shifter; and when the Shifters next move together thatshifter will engage the lugs 5a of said device and return the latter to its mean or shed-closing position-shown by Figs, 4 and 5.

In the mean positions of the Shifters there exists a space between them. Extending through this space and guided by any means, as bars I8 of the frame 2, is a row of needles I9, each needle having a shoulder I 9a between which and one bar IB and coiled about the needle is a spring 20 tending to urge such needle to the right in Fig. 5 or against a cylinder to be referred to. The needleslie in a horizontal plane at one side of (here above) that of the pivots of the hooks when the devices 5-I ll are in their mean positions and l they alternate with said devices; the latter have their hooks all at the corresponding sides of their carriers 5 and a hook of each device is received in a notch |91)` of the adjoining needle. Thus in the present case (where the needles are above the pivots of the hooks). the spring-urged needles tend to hold the hooks as shown in Fig. 5, or so that on the next movement of the Shifters the devices 5||l would be elevated by the upper shifter; but if any needle is repressed, as by the mentioned cylinder, the corresponding hook would be shifted to position to be caught by the lower shifter so that at on. the descent of the latter the device 5|il including such hook would be depressed. In any case, when the shifters return to their mean position they engage the thusdisplaced hook-device E-ID at their lugs 5a and so return them to their mean positions.

For reciprocating the shifters, there are fulcrumed inthe frame l2 two identical lever structures, one above the other, each including a shaft 2| having arms 22 thereon, one at each side of the frame, each arm having an extension 23 bolted thereto as at 24 so as to be adjustable lengthwise thereof by virtue of slots 22a in the Varms receiving the bolts; the arms of the upper and lower lever structures, respectively, are connected by links 25 with the upper and lower Shifters. The two lever structures are oscillated in opposite directions through links 26 from a double-crank 2l on a rotating shaft 28 of the loom.

In bearings |2a of the frame I2 slide horizon-- tally shafts 29 and these have collars 30 by which they are connected through links 3| with arms 32 of' the upper lever structure (only the near ones of the parts 29 to 32 being shown in Fig. 3). 'The shafts 29 carry a support 33 in which is journaled a pattern cylinder 34 which, in each reciprocation thereof horizontally, may be turned a quarter-turn by the engagement, in the usual way, with one of its four studs 35 of a hook 36 pivoted to frame I2. In the support 33 is guided the verticallyv movable plunger 31 having its lower end or head held against the cylinder by a' spring l38 interposed between said head-and the top of the support. The cylinder at each of lts four faces andv in aline which will coincide with the plane of the needles when such face is presented to them is provided with holes 39 according to `some prescribed pattern (see Fig. 6), whereby when the cylinder moves toward the needles some of them will `be repressed `and the remainder left in their normal positions. Of course any other pattern means than a cylinder thus provided with holes is within the invention.

When shaft 28 is rotating and through the described connections the Shifters are reciprocat ed together* toward and together from each other shafts 29 carrying the cylinder will be reciprocated, moving to the rightto retract the cylinder from the needles when the Shifters move apart and to the left to selectively actuate the needles when the Shifters move together. In each movement ofthe cylinder to the right it is turned a quarter-revolution by hook 36 so as' to present a new` face to the needles on its next movement to the left.

Repression of given needles, according to the pattern, meansrepression of the corresponding hooks IIJ. I-llooks not repressed remain in the position shown by Fig. 5,`or so that they will be caught at their upper hook portions IUa by the upper shifter and the corresponding devices 5||lv elevated. Hooks repressed will be caught at their lower hook portions by the lower shifter and depressed. Since each device 5||l is apart of an endless system, as described, including a harness A or B or an element 4, shedding will ensue and as an incident thereof and in the wayalready explained the manipulation of the threads of a warp may be effected so as to produce cross-weaving.

As indicated, when a harness member A or B moves in the direction to. pass the corresponding thread past the other thread and form a shed, the adjoining bar or element 4 is confined to move with it while the other such element is not so confined to move with its adjoining harness member. Thus, in Fig. 2, right-handelement 4 of the left-hand group has `risen with the adjoining harness member B but the left-hand element is at a higher elevation than the adjoining harness member A. Otherwise stated, on each movement of a harness member in its said direction the adjoining element is, and on each movement of said member in the opposite direction such` element is not, conf-med to move with said member. It remains to consider how thisis accomplished:

In Figs. 1a to 1c the lower cord forming a part of each endless system including an element 4 includes an elasticextensible portion, as a spring la (not true of the systems which include the harnesses, which are non-extensible).

Each harness has a vertical rod 40 mounted in` brackets 4| attached to a side edge of the harness frame, the rod having nuts 42 screwed thereon and abutting the brackets, whereby to adjust the rod, which has a collar or stop 43, vertically. Each element 4 has an arm 44 freely penetrated` by the rod and which may abut or dog the collar. (We are here considering a harness and element of the left-hand group in Figs. 1 and 2, that is, where each arm overlies its stop or collar; as for the other group, where the parts are inverted, each arm of course would underlie its stop.)

The arrows shown by Figs. 1b and 1c denote the directions of the movements last taken by the two endless systems shown.

In Fig. 1a the two systems are in the neutral or closed-shed positions, as in Fig. 1. Spring 'la is under tension and the upper cord of the same system is slack.

If the harness and element 4 are to assume their positions of Fig. 2 at the right of the group (both up) then both of the corresponding carriers should descend together to move the two systems as per the arrows in Fig. lb, the spring remaining tensioned as in Fig. 1a.

If the harness and element d are to assume their positions of Fig. 2 at the left of the group (the former down and the latter raised relatively to the former so as to tend to produce slack in the doup) then, starting from the neutral position, the carrier 5 corresponding to the harness rises and the other carrier falls to move the two systems as per the arrows in Fig. 1c. Note that ele-- ment l does not fall as far as the harness falls since the first part of the movement of its carrier 5 is expended in taking up the slack in the corresponding upper cord 6.

In Fig. 2, left-hand group, the systems including the harness and element at the right are in the state shown by Fig. 1b, and those at the left in the state shown by Fig. 1c. Return them to the position of Fig. 1 and then the irst system may be made to assume the state of Fig. 1c and the second system that of Fig. 1b.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A system for passing one of two threads of a warp past the other including a doup having an eye to receive the rst thread, doup-supporting members movable independently of each other in one direction from the face of the warp and back and with each of which the doup, having its eye between said members, has a normally free reeving engagement, and means, during said movement of a member, to hold the doup against substantial reeving motion with respect to such member.

2. A system for passing each of two threads of a warp past the other including a pair of doups respectively having eyes to receive the respective threads, a pair ci doup-supporting members movable independently o1 each other in one direction from the face of the warp and to a given limit and back, another pair of doup-supporting members movable independently of each other in the opposite direction and to a given limit and back, said doups having a normally free running engagement with and eyes between the members of the respective pairs and each being arranged between the other doup and the limit to which the members supporting the latter doup are movable, and means, during said movement of any member, to hold the corresponding doup against substantial reeving motion in respect to such member.

3. A system for passing one of two threads of a warp past the other including a doup having an eye to receive the rst thread, doup-supporting members movable independently of each other in one direction from the face of the warp and back and with each of which the doup, having its eye between said members, has a normally free reeving engagement, and means, during said movement of a member, to hold the extremity of said doup which adjoins said member in substantially constant relation thereto while moving the other extremity of the doup in the opposite direction.

4. A system for passing each of two threads of a warp past the other including a pair of doups respectively having eyes to receive the respective threads, a pair of doup-supporting members movable independently of each other in one direction from the face of the warp and to a given limit and back, another pair of doup-supporting members movable independently of each other in the opposite direction and to a given limit and back, said doups having a normally free running engagement with and eyes between the members of the respective pairs and each being arranged between the other doup and the limit to which the members supporting the latter doup are movable, and means, during said movement of any member, to maintain both extremities of the corresponding doup in substantially constant relation tc such member.

5. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination of supporting structure, a pair of doup-controlling elements movable in a given direction and back, a pair of harness members movable in said direction and back and arranged between said elements, a doup connecting said elements and having a reeving engagement with said members and an eye between them and through which one of the two threads to be crossed is reeved, said threads being adapted to extend between said members, flexible connections forming with the respective elements and members endless systems back-and-forth-movable circuitously of themselves and in said structure, and means to pull each of said systems circuitously or Itself and independently of the other systems so as to move the member or element included therein in the irst direction and reversely, each of the member-including systems having means, on its movement in said direction, to dog the element-including system thereto next adjoining and each element-including system having a portion thereof elastic and extensible and adapted to yield extensibly when such dogging ensues.

LOUIS DELL ORTO.

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