US2166612A - Pump - Google Patents

Description

B. H. SCOTT July 18,1939.

PUMP

Filed July 18, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 B. H. SCOTT July 18.` 1939.`

PUMP

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed 'July 18, 1936v Maw wvwmmw FIGLS Iliff! BHW/...W

0 4rlaalJ Patented July 18, 1939 UNITED STATES' I' ABernal-cl ll. Scott, Glendale, Calif., auignor of one-half toY Amos W. Elliott, Los Angeles,-

Calif. I

Application July 1.8, 1936, Serial No. 91,299

Claims.-

This inventionrelates to well pumps and speclilcally to the general type of pumps commonly employed in oil producing wells. The present application is a continuation-impart of my copend- 5 ing application for Deep well pumps led July v22, .1935, bearing Serial Number 32,554.

'I'he recovery of oil from the great depths to which present day drilling methods are capable of reaching is in many instances impracticable lo'due tothe excessive. cos't of the operation of pumping machinery. vThe sucker rod ring utilized in conventional types of pumping apparatus for control and operation of the plunger, is usually of a length substantially equal to the depth of the producing oil sands. To offset :the greater strain imposed upon the rodsby their increased `length in deeper wells; heavier materials must be employed in their manufacture, adding to the dead weight. necessarily lifted on each alternate stroke of the pump. This weight, combined with sion of the rod string, imposing a denite limitv on the depth at which wells may be -profitably operated, regardless of the economy of the 'tial drilling methods employed.

It is a general object of my invention to provide a deep Well pump adapted to utilize the weight of the sucker rod ring on its pumping stroke to raise a column of iiuid in a tubing string, and to further employ the hydrostatic pressure of the column of uid pumped upwardly into the tubing to elevate therod string in itsT opposite stroke, and thereby minimize the power" required for its operation, as well as to obviate excessive strain on the sucker rods.

Another object is to ,provide a pumping assembly comprising a pair of plungers reciprocably suspended ina tubing by a sucker rod string, adapted to raise a fluid column in the tubing and to raise on alternate strokes the sucker rodstring by the hydrostatic pressure of the uid pumped,` which pumping assembly may be removed from the well without pulling thetubing. to facilitate cleaning and replacement of the parts thereof. Another object is the provision of a deep well 5o pump embodying two or more plungers suspended by a string of sucker rods having a swivel connection between the plungers to obviate the necessity of relativeconcentric alignment of thev plungers and rod string.. .Y Another object is to provide a pump struc- (ci. 10a-179) ture, of the character indicated,V easily adaptable .to compensate for variations in specic gravity of the fluid pumped, and in the depth of the well uponA which the weight of the string of sucker rods and the fluid column carried by the tubing, 5 depend, by varying the cross sectional area'of` the V--plungers on which the hydrostatic pressure lof the Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic section of my invention illustratingV its operation on the upstroke of the sucker rods;

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the operation on the downstroke of the rods; Y 20 Fig. 3. is a sectional viewpof the upper part of my invention suspended from sucker rods and tubirr'g string.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation, being a lower continuation of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a section of the lower portion of the A invention extending downwardly. from the lower end of the portion of the pump shown in Fig. 4;

Referring to the drawings in detail, the numerals of which'indicate similar parts throughout 30 the several views, III designates a string of tubing extending to the top of a producing well through which it is desired to pump oil fluid fromv the sands immediately therebelow. A collar I I is threaded toA the lower end of tubing string I0 35 having'an internal annular tapered seat I2. Sup-f ported on seat I2 is a hollow plug I3, on the upper end of which are formed a series of downwardlyv directed teeth I4 to facilitate removal by fishing means well known in the art upon fracture of the 40 rod string or other part thereabove. v

A tubular `jacket I5 is attached to the externally threaded lowerv end of plug I3, having a breather coupling I6 threaded to its bottom. The bore of 'plug I3, at itsy lower end, and the upper bore of 45 plunger jacket 20, of a diameter equal to that of jacket I5'isconnected to the lower end of coupling I6. A plunger liner 2I'c1osely fitting the 'bore of .jacket 20 is clamped between"'theV lower end of coupling I6 and a. jacket coupling 22, threaded tothe lower-end of jacket 20. Lateral l 22 and sleeve 3|.

andere ports 23 are provided in coupling l5, and the 52 and plunger 53 forms .an upwardly directed f bore of said coupling is enlarged below ports 23 to a diameter substantially -equal to that oi' plunger liner 2|, for a purpose referred to below.

A connecting jacket 24 is similarly threaded below'jacket coupling 22 and' has attached to its lower end a lower breather coupling 25. Coupling 25 is provided with a recessed bore in its upper end to form a shoulder 26 on which a pump liner 21, of substantially the same diameter as that of liner I9, is supported. A iluid tight ilt between jacket coupling 22 and the smaller diameter liner 21 is eiected by bushing 28, clamped with the yliner between coupling 22 and thelower breather coupling 25. Lateral ports 23 in coupling 25 permit the free passage of iluid in the well therethrough in response to pressure differentials created by operation of the pump in the manner later described. i

A lower plunger jacket 35 of a diameter equal to the diameter of Jackets 25 and 24 is connected to coupling 25 having a sleeve 3| threaded to its\ lower end. A lower plunger liner 32 of substantially the same diameter as'thatvof liner 2| is clamped between the lower end of jacket coupling At the end of the string and threaded to sleeve 3| is a guide bushing 33 having an inwardly tapered bottom tofacilitate lowering of the pump in the tubing or into an open hole below the tubing, 'I'he yupper endof bushing 33 e extends into sleeve 3| and has a reducedoutside v diameter. A valve seat 34 is clamped on' the lupper end of bushing 33 by cage 35 threaded on the upper reduced periphery of bushing 33. A ball valve 35 in cage 35 is adapted for upward displacement to admit uid from the well into the bore ot sleeve 3|.

Referrlngagain to Fig. 3, 31 indicates the lower end of. the usual sucker rod string to which a cage 35 is connected by a coupling 33. yA lower plunger stem 45 slidably extending through plug |3, liner |9, and breather coupling |5 is hung from cage'33 by a hollow bushing 4|, said cage"A freely communicating the bore of the lower plunger stem 45' with the tubing above plug |3. A hollow plunger 42 or greater diameter-than iplunger stem 45 tolenable the plunger to slidably engage the walls oi.' liner 2| is connected to plunger stem 45 by coupling 43,* the upperend of plunger 42 formkig. an' annularshoulder 44. The plunger iss-.adapted to reciprocate under cmitrol of the sucker rod string between the limits of the eduzced bore or breather coupling l5 and bush- 55 In a lrecess .machined ln e lower bore 65 plunger 42a peripheral flange 4 o! a swivel sleeve 45 is held by swivel-bushing 41 threaded into the' plunger. Thejsleeve is thus free to' rotate, being held against longitudinal movement with respect 60 to the rod string31 by bushing 41. Sleeve 45 is of smaller diameter than plunger 42 to -form ai pump chamber 45 between the lower end oi the plunger and bushing 23, A-coupling 45 provided with lateral ports 55", communicating the bore of the plunger with the bore of jacket coupling 22 above bushing 23 connectsfa hollow lower plungerstem 5| to sleeve 45.' Steml 5| is 'of a diameter substantially equal'to the diameter -of stem 45 and forms a iluid tight nt with the walls of liner 21. 'Extending belowthe lower breather]v` coupling 25,-stem5 I' has attached to its lower end, by a coupling 52, a productionplunger 53, "diavmetrically larger than stem 5|, which reciprocably engages the wall of liner 32. The iiierence in 'ml outside cross sectional .areaof stem I, coupling shoulder 54, hereinafter referred to.

A blind cage sleeve 55 is securedto the lower end of p1unger,53 by a bushing 55, Integrally formed with bushing 55 -and extending downwardly into sleeve 55 is an abutment 51 to limit .upward movement of a ball valve 58 and permit the passage of iluid upwardly therearound. Valve seat 53, clamped between an annular shoulder 55 formed in sleeve 55 and a lower bushing 6| threaded into said sleeve, normally supports ball valve 55 so as to` close the bore of `plunger 53 to pressure thereabove. i A tubing section 52 is threaded into collar Il and extends downwardly to any depth desired to protect the pump liners and jackets, particularly where the pump is employed in an open hole.

It will be noted that the entire pump assembly, including liners and jackets, is supported on the tapered seat I2, permitting its removal from the wellfor cleaning, replacement of worn parts, and repair, without pulling the tubing string, as will be obvious to those oi skill in the art'to which this invention appertains.

The operation of my invention is'brie'ily described as follows: On the downstroke of the sucker rods which lowers the plunger stems 40 and 5| and plungers 42 and 53, iluid trapped below plunger 53 by the closure of valve35 dlsplaces valve 53 and passes upwardly through the hollow string, entering the -tublng string above plug 3 through cage 35. Thus a column of uid substantially equal toy the cross-sectional area lof the lower plunger multiplied by the length of the strokewill, in normal voperations (with the tubing full of oil uid) Ibe discharged at thev top of the well.

At the conclusion o! will close due tothe greater hydrostatic pressure oi' fluid in the tubing over the pressure in the well below valves 35 and 55. As the sucker rods mitted below plunger 53- for the next downward stroke thereof. With valve 55 closed on the ,upstroke, the hydrostatic pressure of the iluid in the tubing multiplied by the cross-sectional area A of the upper plunger minus, substantially, the

hydrostatic pressure at the base of the column of lluid in the tubing times the cross-sectional area ofthe plunger stem 45 will beconveyed through cage 35, plunger stem 45, and ports 50, for exertion upwardly against plunger 42 to alleviate the weight oi.' the sucker rods, plungers, ete.v

In addition to the pressureexerted against the lower end .of plunger 45, the upward lift ofthe the downstroke valve 55' 'are lifted, valve 35 will be raised and fluid ad rods will b facilitated by the pressure of the fluid e 1n the well` against the lower plunger through valve 35. This'u'pward pressure by iluid in the well will be partially offset by well iluid under pressure entering ports 23 and 29 in breather couplings |5 and 25 -which exerts downward presi sure on the annular shoulders 44 and 54 on the upper end of.each plunger formed by the increased diametric dimensions of the plungers over that of the plunger stems.

'Ihe balance of pressure upwardly to raise the pump plungers may be increased by increasing the diameter of the plungers relative tocross- 'sectional areaof the tubing, or by adding .to the niunber of plungers against which hydrostatic pressured! thlluid may be directed.

, AOu the upstroke ofthe upper plunger 42 the iluid level in the tubing will be lowered by a column equal to the cross-sectional area of` the shoulder 54 times theL length ofthe stroke. When the sucker rods are again lowered, this iluid from 4above bushing 28 will be replaced inthe tubing and the level again raised by the downward movement of the upper plunger relative to the bushing, as clearly shown inFig. 2.

It will be apparent that the amount of reduction in weight of and carried by the sucker rods on the upstroke ofthe 'plunger by the utilization of the iluidin the tubing string, inthe manner above described, will depend primarily upon the pressure in 'the well, the cross-sectional dimensions of the plungerv and stems, individually, and with respect to each other, specific gravity of the iiuid pumped, the diameter'of the tubing, and

the depth of the well. Itsis believed, however,

that changes in structure of particular embodi-l ments to compensate for variances in the other factors above mentioned to obtain maximum eiiiciency of my invention is well within the ability of those of skill in the art.'

It vshould be noted, however, that the comparative lengths and weights of the sucker 'rod strings in wells of various depths will, in a large measure, be compensated for by corresponding variances in the length of the column of iiuid in the tubingandin its hydrostatic pressure exerted to raise the upper plunger. While the pump of my invention is adapted, as

described and illustrated, to withdrawal from the well without disturbing the tubing due to the .support of the liners, and 'jackets on the tapered seat I2 of collar I I, no locking means, required in many conventional type insert pumps, is needed, as the hydrostatic pressure in the tubing a5 above collar II exertedon plug I3 will resist any tendency of upward movement of the plungers toward displacement of the plug `and liners as will be obvious to those oiskill in this art.

changes such asin the type of valves employed, relative length, design, and arrangement of the parts, may be embodied in modifications hereof, to conform to specific requirements, without departing from the spirit vof my invention;

4| What I claim and desire'to secure by Letters- Patent is: Y

Y 1. A pump` comprising a tubular member, a pairof plungers reciprocably dispod within said tubular member, and swivel means to connect lo said plungers comprising telescoping tubular members carrying relatively `ble ilanges`- It will be understood lthat numerous other'A above said plugs.

3 ers below the plunger therein with the tubing, a breather communication between the last mentioned liner above the plungerv therein with the area outside of said tubing and liner, means to communicate the other of said liners on one side 5 of the plunger therein with the tubing on alter- I nate strokes of the last mentioned plunger, and a pipe carried by said tubing encircling said liners -and communicated with the well.

3. A pump comprising a tubing string, a sucker 10 rod string within said -tubing string. a plunger carried by saidrod string, a second plunger, a l swivel connecting said plungers comprising a tubular member connected to one of said plungers and a second tubular member telescoping the 15 first tubular member and means connected to said members to substantially maintain the spaced relation of said plunger, said tubular members being rotatable with respect to each other.

4. In a pump, a tubing string, a sucker rod 20` string within said tubing string, a hollow stem connected to the lower end of saidsucker rod string, a barrel carried 'by said tubing, aplunger carried by said stem in said barrel, a plug for the annular area betweensaid stem and said 25 tubing above said plunger comprising a pipe having a hollow block connected in each of its ends, a jacket clamped between said blocks through -wbich said pipe reciprocablyextends, means to communicate said stem with the zone above said 30 plug, means to communicate the zone betweenV said plug and plunger with the area around said tubing, a second plug for the area between` said hollow stem below said plunger and the tubing, means to communicate the stem with the zone between said plunger and lower plug, a second working barrel carried by said tubing below said first. barrel, a second hollow plunger connected to said stem below said second plug and within said second barrel, and means to communicate 4o thel zone between said second plunger and said second plug with the area laround 'said tubing.

5. In a pump, a tubing string, a sucker rod string within said tubing string, a working barrel carried by said tubing, an upper plunger within said working barrel, a hollow stem connecting said plunger with said sucker rod string, a second working barrel carried by said tubing, a-second phmger within said second working barrel, a, lower stem connecting said ysecond plunger to said upper plunger;V closuremeans for the area between said hollow stem and said tubing string, apairofspaced plugsforthe areabetweenthelowerstem and thetubing string, said plugsbeing `disposed adjacent respective working barrels, 55VA means to communicate the area between said-cio# sure means and said upper plunger', and the area between said lower plunger and thewv adjacent plug .with the area around the tubing string, and means to communicate saidupper plunger with the area o in saidtubingstringaroundsaidlowerstemand BERNA'RJ) SCO-TI'.

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