US2153678A - Chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving - Google Patents

Description

April 11, l939 F. 1 REYNOLDS 2,153,678

CHEMICAL HEATING PAD FOR PERMANENT HAIR WVING.

Filed Nov. 8, 1938 Patented Apr. Il, 1939 v12.1.fais1t UNITED STATES PATENT `ol-"r-'lc'i-z FrederickL. Reynolds, Mill Valley, Calif., assignor to United States Appliance Corporation,

., a corporation of Cali- San Francisco, Calif i'ornia Application November 8, 1938, Serial No. 239,482 s claims. (ci. '13a-sez) This invention relates generally to the construction of chemical heating pads, particularly pads suitable for carrying out heating operations l in permanent hair. waving. The subject matter 5 disclosed and claimed herein has been continued in part from my co-pendingl application- Serial No. 176,229, led November 24, 193'?.

In said co-pending application Serial No..

176,229, led November 24, 1937, there is disclosed a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, making use of an inner assembly adapted to be moistened with a chemical solution for carrying out an exothermic reaction. 4The inner assembly is enclosed by a protective wrapper, and includes absorbent material together with aluminum foil. The chemical necess'ary for exothermic reaction with the aluminum foil, is carried by the chemical solution. y

It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemical'heating pad of vthe above character which willbe entirely safe for use by beauty parlor operations, particularlywith respect to possible re hazards. v

A further objectof the invention is toprovide a pad of the above character whichy will be immune to deterioration before use, and which over a comparatively long period of time will react in substantially the same manner with a solution of given strength.

Further objects of the invention will appear from the following description in which the preferred embodiments of the invention have been set forth in detail in conjunction with the,ac`

companying` drawing.

. Referring to the drawing:4

Fig. lis a perspective view illustrating a pad incorporating the present invention and showing the manner'in which chemical solution can be 40 applied to the same.

Fig. 2 lis a perspective view illustrating the i manner in which the pad can be folded after application of chemical solution. Figs. 3 and 4 are plan views illustrating how the marginal edges of the outer'f Wrapper can be folded over to form a packet, shown in 'complete form in Fig. 4. n Flg.`5 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional detail illustrating the manner in which the aluminum' and associated sheets of absorbent asbestos, are perforated. l. l

Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail taken along the line 6--6 of Fig. 1, and showing a simple form of attachment to thecuter foil covering and the stitching which can be used for retaining -the sheets of vasbestos material assembled with respect to the aluminum foil. Fig. 'I is an end elevational view ypartly in cross-section showing the pad as applied to a hair curler and held in place by a suitable clamp. Referring to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawing, I have shown a pad consisting of an inner assembly I0, together with an outer covering I I.. 'I'he assembly I0 consists l of a sheet I2 of aluminum foil, between the two sheets I3 of absorbent material. The sheets I3 are of non-inflammable mineral ber, preferably absorbent asbestos paper. The thickness of the aluminum foil may be varied depending f is preferably perforated as illustrated, as by passing it through a suitable perforating -appliance. whereby perforations I6 are formed over the entire area of the assembly. Fig. 5 illustrates. 25 the'perforations I 6 extending through the assembly, so that in effect the openings in the individual sheets of asbestos and aluminum foil are in registry. It is preferable to form these 30 perforations by a piercing appliance so that there is no punching out of material, such as would decrease the effective reactive surface and vmass of aluminum foil.

The outer wrapper or protective covering Il can consist of a sheet of aluminum or tin foil Il, provided with an inner liner I8 of suitable material such as waxed or parchment paper. Such a liner affords a chemically inert membrane to prevent reaction between the chemical solu- 40 tion and the foil covering Il. The inner assembly can be enclosed within the covering Il in a suitable way, as for example by having the assembly attached by means of elements 2I to the covering.

Inmaking use of the pad described above a suitable chemical solution is provided, to saturate the asbestos sheets I3. Solutions whichI can employ contain chemicals such as a salt of a heavy metal, like copper sulphate, capable of solution whichcan be employed with good results. is as follows:-

'Sufficient Water to make 30 cc. of solution.

The ammonium chloride initially activates the reaction and depresses the pH value of the solution. As the reaction of the solution on the aluminum proceeds, and the solution is heated to an elevated temperature, some decomposition of the ammonium chloride occurs, with the result that the pH value of the solution is raised, to temper the reaction and extend the heating period.

Various expedients can be utilized to saturate the asbestos sheets I3-With the chemical solution. Thus the operator may have a small `measuring device such as a measuring dropper 22, by means of which definite amounts of solution can be applied. Assuming that such a dropper or applicator is used, it is lled with a definite amount of solution and the solution is supplied to the assembly I0. The solution immediately penetrates through the perforations to saturate all parts of the assembly.

'I'he pad illustrated is intended for croquinole permanent waving and is of such length that it l can be folded as illustrated in Fig. 2, before being applied over a conventional croquinole curler. The'entire pad can be folded over as shown in Fig. 2, and the marginal edges of the covering II which Yextend out beyond the edges of the folded assembly I0, can be folded over as a safety precaution against leakage of solution. As indicated in Fig. 3, after folding over as indicated in Fig. 2, marginal edges IIa are folded over followed by a folding over of the marginal edges I Ib, as shown in Fig. 4. A complete folded packet as shown in Fig. 4 (designated generally by number III!) can be applied over a strand of wound hair, as for example in the manner illustrated l in Fig. 7. In this instance a strand of hair is shown wound about the croquinole curler 23, c arried by the croquinole protector 24. The folded packet III) is retained about the wound strand by suitable means-such as the spring clip 25.

It isto be understood that in using the chemical pad described above, the Wound hair .is moistened with aqueous waving solution, in the same manner as now practiced in conventional permanent hair Waving. It is also `to beunderstood that the dimensions of the pad can be varied to suit different requirements, as for example to enable application of the pad to a strand of hair wound about an extended rod spiral fashion, as is Well known to those skilled in the art.

Shortly after applying the chemical solution to the inner assembly, the exothermic reaction commences, and by the time-.the folded packet has been applied about the Wound hair, heat is being developed to transfer heat to--the wound hair. The temperature of the hair is rapidly elevated to steaming temperature, and the steaming period is extended overa; suflicient period of time to lend permanency to the wave. During the heating period the aluminum foil is-substantially entirely consumed by the chemical reaction.l

'Specific reference has been madev to the use of asbestos paper to retain the chemical solution. Also it hasbeen 'pointed .out that the solution makes use of an active oxidizing agent like sodium chlorate. At the end of the Waving opera'.-

solution.

tion at least a part of this oxidizing agent is still present. If the sheets I3 were made of ordinary absorbent paper or like material, impregnation of the cellulose fiber with the oxidizing agent would produce a highly inflammable article, and thus create a re hazard. Sucha fire hazard is entirely avoided by the use of an inert non-inflammable ber like asbestos, thus making it possible for the operator to discard the pads after they have been used, without particular care as to the manner of their disposal. In addition should one apply chemical solution to a pad and then neglect to apply the pad to a curler, the relatively high temperature attained Within the pad can cause n'o charring of the inner assembly, such as would occur should cellulose vfiber like blotting paperbe employed.- Charring of the innerl assembly can be dangerous since it may result in spontaneous combustion or an ex'- plosion.

The perforations in the asbestos sheets I3 facilitate saturation of the sheets with the chemical Perforating the aluminum sheets I3 augments the edge area of the aluminum foil which is exposed to the chemical solution. Carrying out the perforating operation as described tends to cause sheets I3 to adhere to opposite sides of the aluminum foil so that the side surfaces of the aluminum foil are retained in physical contact with the asbestos sheets.

'I'he aluminum foil employed is preferably one having its surfaces covered by a thin oil film. This oil film may be of ordinary petroleum lubricating oil, applied at the time the foil is manufactured, and serves to protect the surfaces of the foil against further oxidation. It is desirable that this oil lm remain substantially intact because when the strength of the solution is made to enable an optimum type of reaction with the aluminum foil', with commencement of the steaming period within a given period of time, such factors should not be subject to gradual changes. In this connection it should be explained that the nature of the Oil film affects the time period for commencing active reaction of the` solution with the aluminum, and in addition it protects the foil against oxidation. 'Materials made of cellulose fiber. as for example blotting paper, tend to gradually absorb such an oil film, with the result that the action obtained for a given strength of' solution is subject to changes. However, asbestos paper because of its inherent characteristics, has been found not to absorb or modify the oil film to any material degree. Thus the characteristics of the pad restrength f solution.

I claim:

1. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a sheet of metallic foil, and a sheet of asbestos paper disposed in intimate contact withone side of the aluminum foil, the sheet of asbestos fiber being adapted to, be saturated with a chemical solution for exothermic reaction with the aluminum foil. f

2. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a sheet of aluminum foil, a sheet of absorbent asbestos paper in contact with one side of the aluminum foil, said sheet of asbestos paper being capable of retaining a chemical solution for exothermic reaction with the aluminum foil, both Wrapper.

. main substantially constant over a long period plurality of sheets of absorbent asbestos paper4 3. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair Waving, a sheet of aluminum foil, and a exible sheet of absorbent asbestos paper in intimate contact with one side of the aluminum foil, both the aluminum foil and the asbestos paper being perforated, the sheet of asbestos paper `being capable of retaining a chemical solution for exothermic reaction with the aluminum foil. 4. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a sheet of aluminum foil, and a disposed in intimate contact with the side surfaces of the aluminum foil, perforations extendthe one side of the foil. the foil having a thin 10 lm of oil covering the same.

' FREDERICK L. REYNOLDS.

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