US2142273A - Vibrating machine - Google Patents

Description

Jan.3,1939. E.B;JoRGENsEN 'VIBRATING MACHINE.4

4 sheets-sheet i Filed March 9. 1936 uhg.

Y a M awww? Jan.`3, 1939. E. B. JORGENSEN 2,142,273

VIBRATING MACHINE I l v Filed March 9, 195e y 4 sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY.

Jan. 3, 1939. E. B. JoRGENsEN l l 2,142,273

VIBRATING MACHINE Filed'March 9, v1956 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 fnac/7r Berg Jorgensen INVENTOR.

` Y BYZI@ ATTORNEY.

Jan. 3, 1.939. E. B. JORGENSEN 2,142,273

VIBRATING MACHINE Filed March 9, 195e 'A 4 sheets-sheet 4 qu??? V ATTORNEY,

Patented Jan. 3, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE VIBRATING MACHINE;

fornia Application March 9, 1936, Serial No. 67,928

10 Claims.

My invention relates to machines for vibrating cementitious mixtures such as concrete, and in particular to an elongated eccentric weight mechanism Which may be inserted Within the unset concreteand which produces high frequency vibration of low amplitude.

The object of my invention is to provide a vibrating machine which efliciently generates smooth, high-frequency, low amplitude vibrations in Which the positions of maximum and minimum intensities of lvibration are localized and controlled. Another object is to provide a vibrating machine in which the maximum intensity of vibration is developed in the portion of the machine insertible in the mixture to be vibrated, While the minimum intensity of vibration is developed near the motor or supporting means of the machine. Still another object of my invention is to provide means, in an eccentric Weight vibrator, for controlling the positions of maximum and minimum vibrations. A further object of my invention is to provide eccentric Weights for vibrator mechanisms of such relative dimensions and shapes that the position of minimum vibration and maximum vibration may be controlled. These and other objects will be apparent from the description and drawings, in Which- Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing one form of my improved vibrator hav ing multiple eccentric tapered Weights.

Fig. 2 is a cross section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a section of a tapered three-Weight assembly on a shaft, With phantom bearings shown.

Fig. 5 is a section of a graduated multiple Weight assembly on a shaft the outer surfaces of the eccentric Weights being the same distance from the shaft.

Fig. 6 is a cross section taken on the line 5-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a cross section taken on the line 1-1 0f Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a cross section taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a section of a graduated multiple eccentric weight assembly on a shaft, the outer surfaces of the Weights being at decreasing distances from the shaft (starting from the lower Weight).

Fig. 10 is a cross section taken on the line llll0 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a cross section taken on the line II-ll of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a cross section taken on the line I2--I2 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 13 is a section of a single tapered-Weight rotor, the thickness and mass of the eccentric Weight decreasing progressively from bottom to top.

Fig. 14 is a cross section taken on the line |4--I4 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a cross section taken on the line I5-I5 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 16 is a section of a single tapered-Weight rotor, the eccentric Weight having decreasing thickness and mass from bottom to top but having the eccentricty of the Weight adjustable by means of adjustable mounting distances from the axis of rotation.

Fig. 17 is a cross section taken on the line ll--I'l of Fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is a cross section taken on the line I8I8 of Fig. 16.

Fig. 19 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing another form of my improved vibrator having a tapered Weight and having decreasing eccentricity from bottom'to top of the rotor.

Fig. 20 is a cross section taken on the line 20-20 of Fig. 19.

Fig. 21 is a cross section taken on the line 2I-2l of Fig. 19.

Fig. 22 is a section showing the eccentric rotor of Fig. 19.

In general, my vibrating machine comprises a high-speed rotary means 3|, an elongated eccentrically Weighted rotor 32, enclosed Within a tubular vibratile casing 33, and suitable bearings tf1 (a, b, c, d etc.) supported by the casing 33 for the high speed rotation of the rotor 32. Because the rotor 32 is eccentrically Weighted relative to the axis of rotation, vibration is set up when it is rotated, the vibrations being transmitted through the bearings 34 to the casing 33, and from the casing to the concrete mixture or the like into which the vibrator tube may be inserted.

In my copending application for patent Serial 45 No. 60,127, filed January 21, 1936, I have disclosed an improved rotor having a multiplicity of eccentric Weights attached to a shaft, these Weights being adjustable as to position along the shaft so as to produce zones of maximum and minimiun 50 intensities of vibration at desired locations Within the machine. I have now discovered that the vibrator mechanism may be still further improved in eiciency, smoothness of operation, freedom from bearing troubles, and localizing of the ones 55 of maximum and minimum intensity of vibration by the use of multiple eccentric weights, or of single eccentric weight, so designed that, considering unit sections taken at right angles to the axis of rotation, the centrifugal force is greatest near the position desired for maximum intensity of vibration, and is least near the position desired for minimum intensity of vibration, and the centrifugal forces (for such unit sections) decrease more or less regularly from the position of maximum intensity to that of minimum intensity.

In a preferred form of my invention, referring specifically to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, my vibrator consists of the rotary means 3l, Which as illustrated is a high speed electric motor, having handles attached to its housing 36, The motor shaft 31 is connected in operative relation to the shaft 4B of the elongated eccentricrotor 32 through a flexible coupling 38. Bearings 34 support this shaft 46 at the -ends of the tapered eccentric weights (a, b, c, d, etc), the bearings fitting Within and being supported by the elongated vibratile, tubular casing 33 attached at one end to the motor housing 36 and closed at the other by the nose piece 42, The tapered eccentric weights 4D are so shaped that if the truncated cone of revolution which they would describe when rotated were projected to an apex, this apex will be located approximately at the center of the 30 base of the motor, or near the supports or handles,

where the minimum vibration is wanted. The weights 40 are attached to the shaft 46 by any suitable means, that shown being by means of pins 43 through the weights, weight supports and the shaft. Collars 44, attached by pins 45 at the upper and lower ends respectively, of the weight assembly, and near the flexible coupling 38 serve to keep the parts assembled, and the thrust collar 41 near the bottom of the casing 33 holds the assembly in position in the tubular casing. 'I'he eccentric Weighting of the shaft may be brought about by a multiplicity of weights, preferably with bearings between them as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, or a single weight member 40m attached by supports 56 and 51 may be used, as shown in Figs. 13, 14 and 15.

When rotated at high speed, the eccentrically weighted rotor 32 produces high frequency vibrations which are transmitted to the casing 33, and by it to the concrete or other material into which the tubular casing 33 is inserted. With the tapered weights as described, thev greatest intensity of vibration is near the end farthest from the motor, and the minimum vibration is at the motor and handles, which is desired for practical operation.

This improvement and these results may be accomplished by other equivalent forms of eccentricweights assembled as rotors, since it is believed that the peculiar focusing or localizing of the vibrational energy by the above described preferred embodiment of my invention is related to the decreasing centrifugal forces of the eccentric weights on the shaft, from the lower end (maximum intensity) to the upper end (minimum intensity). The centrifugal force, of any unit section, depends not only upon the mass which lies outside the center of rotation, but also upon the distance which the gravitational center of that mass lies from the axis of rotation.

Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12 show another arrangement of multiple weights on a shaft, in which the tapering of the centrifugal force is by steps, the eccentric weights 40, (a, b, c, d, etc.) being successively smaller (from bottom to top) but describing, on rotation, substantially cylindrical paths; and the distances from the axis of the several centers of mass also decrease successively in the same order.

Figs. 5, 6, '1 and 8 show still another arrangement of multiple weights on a shaft in which the outside paths of rotation are cylinders of substantially uniform diameter, but the weights 40 (a, b, c, d, etc.) are successively decreasing in effective eccentric mass (from bottom to top) while the distances from the axis of the centers of mass decrease only slightly successively in the same order.

Figs. 16, 17 and 18 show a single eccentric weight member 40m which upon revolving describes an outer truncated cone of revolution whose projected apex does not lie in or near the motor, and an inner inverted cone of revolution;

the greatest eccentric mass with the shortest radius of rotation around the axis being near the bottom, and the least eccentric mass and longest radius of rotation being near the top, with graduations intermediate, so that the resultant elect gives maximum vibration intensity at the bottom, and minimum vibration intensity near the top. The distances from the axis of rotation of the ends of the weight member 40m are adjustable as indicated in Figs. 16, 17 and 18, in which the end supports 56 and 51 are recessed, and the positions of the ends of the weight relative to the axis of rotation are adjustable by means of varying thicknesses of shims 48 in the bottoms )of the recesses or notches, the ends of the weights being secured to the end supports 56 and 51 and to the rotor shaft 46 by suitable means such as the screw bolts shown at 49. This adjustability permits definite localizing of the positions of maximum and minimum intensities of vibration for each particular combination of parts in a particular vibration machine.

Figs. 19, 20, 21 and 22 show another vibrator in which the eccentric weight tapers from the lower end to the upper portion of the vibratile tube, but which describes an outer cylindrical figure of rotation. The rotary means 3| has a housing 36 with attached handles 35 and has attached to it a tubular vibratile casing 33 having a nose piece 42 closing the lower end of the casing, and providing a thrust collar 41 to support the lower bearing 39h for the stub rotor shaft 4Gb. The rotor 32 (Fig. 22) consists of a cylindrical tube 5U, an eccentric weight 40 attached to the inner surface of the tubular rotor, the thickness of the eccentric Weight tapering from bottom to top, or having decreasing mass from top to bottom, and having a cylindrical supporting ring 5|, preferably made integral, at its upper end to reenforce and to hold the eccentric Weight in position in the tube 50; the lower end 53 of the eccentric weight being enlarged to ilt inside of the tube 50 and adapted for attachment thereto and to the lower stub shaft 43h by the pins 52. In the upper end of the tube 55 is attached a stub shaft 46a, which is enlarged amount of work in placement and consolidation 75 of material with a one and one-third Ahorsepower motor driving a vibrator mechanism employing my improved type eccentric weights having graduated eccentricity, as compared with three and one-half horse-power motor required tc drive a similar machine but not having the tapered eccentric weights. I may therefore decrease the total weight of the machine and thereby improve manual handling and efficiency, or with the same power I may do additional Work. In addition, the upkeep of bearings and other parts is greatly reduced because the vibration is localized where it is most useful, less useless Vibration is generated and the vibration is smoother and of higher efficiency.

In this specification and claims the term eccentricity is used to designate the dynamic property of masses or portions of masses revolving off-center at high speed, and involves not only the weight or mass of material which is dynamically unbalanced in an eccentrically loaded rotor, but also the distance of the masses away from the axis of rotation.

While I have described and illustrated several modifications of my improved vibrators and vibrator rotors, I do not limit myself to these particular forms, but restrict my invention only in so far as is necessitated by the prior art and by the spirit of the appended claims.

I claim:

l. In a vibratory mechanism, an eccentrically Weighted rotor consisting of a shaft, an unbalancing weight member whose mass per unit length between supporting means increases from end to end, and adjustable attaching means for supporting the ends of said Weights at variable distances from the axis of rotation of said shaft.

2. A rotor for a vibrating machine consisting of a shaft and an eccentric weight of tapering mass attached to said shaft, and two or more axial supporting members disposed lengthwise on said shaft for holding said tapering weight to said shaft, said Weight being proportioned so that when rotated the centrifugal force generated increases gradually from one weight end to the other.

3. A rotor for a vibrating machine consisting of a shaft, eccentric weights of tapering moments of inertia, and two or more axial supporting members disposed lengthwise on said shaft for holding each of said Weights of tapering moments of inertia to said shaft, said Weights being proportioned and placed along said shaft so that when rotated the centrifugal force generated increases uniformly from one end weight to the other.

4. A rotor for a Vibrating machine consisting of an elongated shaft, a plurality of eccentric Weights for attachment to said shaft,each of said weights having a tapered eccentricity from its one end to the other end, and two or more axial supporting members disposed lengthwise on said shaft for holding each of said eccentric weights to said shaft, the said weights being disposed and attached on said shaft so that the eccentricity of the whole assembly increases from one end weight to the other.

5. A vibrating mechanism consisting of high speed rotary means, a housing for said rotary means, a vibratile tubular casing attached at one end to said housing and adapted to transmit vibrational energy from its free end to the surrounding medium, an elongated shaft in said casing, bearings for said shaft supported by said casing, flexible coupling means for operatively connecting the shaft of the rotary means to the elongated shaft, and a tapered eccentric weight attached to said shaft, said Weight being characterized by having greater eccentricity at the end away from the rotary means, and lesser eccentricity at the end adjacent the rotary means, whereby, by high speed rotation, maximum intensity of Vibration is generated near the free end of the tubular casing, and minimum intensity of vibration is generated near the attached end.

6. A vibrating mechanism comprising high speed rotary means, a housing for said rotary means, a vibratile tubular casing attached at one end to said housing and adapted to transmit vibrational venergy from its free end to the surrounding medium, an elongated shaft in said casing, bearings for said shaft supported by said casing, flexible coupling means for operatively connecting the shaft of the rotary means to the elongated shaft, and a series of weights of varying eccentricity attached to said shaft, the Weight having the least eccentricity being positioned on the shaft nearest the exible coupling means, and the weight having the greatest eccentricity being positioned nearest the free end of the shaft, with the intermediate tapered weights of graduated eccentricity positioned therebetween.

7. A vibrating mechanism comprising high speed rotary means, a housing for said rotary means, a vibratile tubular casing attached at one end to said housing and adapted to trans- ,mit vibrational energy from the free end to the surrounding medium, an elongated shaft in said casing, bearings for said shaft supported by said casing, flexible coupling means for operatively connecting the shaft of the rotary means to the elongated shaft, and a series of weights of tapering mass attachable to said shaft, two or more axial supporting members disposed lengthwise on said shaft for holding each of said Weights of tapering mass to said shaft, each of said weights and attaching means being disposed lengthwise on the shaft so that the eccentricity of the series of weights increases from a position nearest the iiexible coupling means to a position nearest the free end of the casing, whereby the maximum intensity of vibration is localized near the free insertible end of the tubular casing.

8. A vibrating mechanism comprising high speed rotary means, a housing for said rotary means, a vibratile tubular casing attached at one end to said housing and adapted to transmit vibrational energy from the free end to the surrounding medium, a tapered eccentric rotor having shaft means at each end for operation in said casing, bearings for said shaft means supported by said casing, and a flexible coupling means for operatively connecting the rotor shaft means to the rotary means, said eccentric rotor being characterized by having least eccentricity at the end nearest the flexible coupling means and greatest eccentricity near the free end of the casing.

9. A vibrating mechanism comprising high speed rotary means, a housing for said rotary means, a vibratile tubular casing attached to said housing and adapted to enclose the vibrating mechanism and to transmit vibrational energy to the surrounding medium, an eccentric rotor having shaft means at each end for operation in said casing, bearings for said shaft means supported by said casing, and a flexible coupling means for operatively connecting the rotor shaft means to the rotary means, said eccentric rotor being in an elongated cylindrical form and having a tapering Weighting member attached eccentrically and longitudinally t0 the inner surface of said elongated cylinder.

10. A rotor for a vibrating machine compris'

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