US2031411A - Rectifier - Google Patents

Description

W. M. FURY RECTIFIER Feb. 18, 1936.

Filed March 18, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 W WTJ M W Feh 18, 1-936. W, M, FURY mamu RECTIFIER Filed March 18, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I8 14: 3 i I5 INVEM'OR Patented Feb. 18, 1936 UNITED S'TAES ATT OFFICE RECTIFIER William M. Fury, Philadelphia, Pa. vApplication March 18, 1933, Serial No. 661,438

5 Claims. My invention relates .to new and'useful improve- ,inentsin rectifier types of vacuum tubes, so con- 1 structed and of such materials so as to afford a time delay in the operating efiiciency of sameas a rectifier, in such manner as to eliminate the excessive peak voltages, so named because they are in excess of the" normal operating require- -1nents of the associated devices, and common to the operation of present day types of rectifier tubes, of the direct heater types, principally used in radio; receiving and broadcasting de- "vices, recording devices, light sensitive devices,

and talkies, and any other devices which require direct current potentials and depend on a rectified alternating current supply. An object of the invention is decreasedcost in manufacture of associated devices, because of the fact that theunnecessary and excessive peak voltages are eliminated by this invention, thereby permitting associated devices with a lower safe voltage rating than that of present requirements.

less bulk.

V A further object of the invention is to decrease the cost in maintenance of associated devices, be-

..eause of the fact that not only the excessive peak voltages are eliminated by this invention, but particularly due to the fact that this invention, instead of delivering voltages in excess of the normal requirements and instantaneous, as of present day direct heater types of rectifier, this invention delivers voltages gradually, that is, from zero volts to maximum, the lfatter of which is to be so proportioned in manufacture and the vtype of materials used therein, that it will not be in excess of the normal operating requirements of the associated devices, considering the said associated devices to be electrically perfect and so assembled as to conform with the theoretical op; eration of thisinvention, such as is necessary in .present types of rectifiertubes.

A further object of the invention is the structure providing time delay, that is, from start or zero volts (rectified), to maximum volts which shall be soproportioned in manufacture as heretofore stated, as to conform with the time delay in the associated devices absorption of current, that is, from start to the time delay necessary before the associated devices actually absorb their full amount of current, the time delay of the invention preferably being slightly in excess of that of the associated devices.

A further object of the invention is a structure to supply voltages to associated devices gradually, as heretofore stated, regardless of whether the associated devices comprise parts or devices which require a given time before they absorb their full amount of current, the former of which is much less abrupt and hazardous than supply- '10 ing the voltages instantaneously in the full amount or in excess of the requirements as of present day types of rectifier tubes.

I have accomplished the said objects by so de-.

signing and constructing rectifier types of vacuum tubes, which would function or deliver rectifier voltages and currents in a smooth but gradual manner, that is, from zero volts at start and gradually increasing in a time ratio as heretofore,

explained, to the full value of voltages and cur- '20 rents, and to not exceed that value, by the incorporation of indirect heaters or cathodes in rectifier types of vacuum tubes, the action and connections of which is herein further explained.

The drawings illustrate an embodiment of the invention and the views therein are as follows:

Figure 1 is a view showing a tube broken away, containing the structure of the present invention shown in side elevation, with parts broken away to show the internal construction,

Figure 2 is a view of the internal construction in edge elevation, as indicated by arrow 2 at Figure 1, and also exhibiting arrow I as the direction from which Figure 1 is taken,

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view through the operating parts, taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1,

Figure 4 is a top plan view of the operating structure, as indicated by arrow 4 at Figure 1,

Figure 5 is a detail perspective view of the plate with the bendable ear by which the device is assembled, and

Figure 6 is a fragmentary perspective view in an enlarged detail, showing the upper end of the cathode insulator and sleeve, parts being broken away to show the construction more completely.

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic view of the rectifier, exactly as shown at Figures 1 to 5 inclusive,

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view similar to Figure I, except that the cathode is connected to an independent conductor;

Figure 9 is a diagrammaticview similar to Figure '7, except that the cathodes associated with each plate are connected together and to independent conductors,

Like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

The present invention, being of the tube type of rectifier, comprises, naturally, a tube I0 and base II of substantially the usual and ordinary type. Within the tube is mounted a flare I2 to which the operating structure is attached and upon which it is supported, prior to its introduction into the tube I0 and the evacuation of the tube in the usual well-known manner.

The structure carried by the flare I2 comprises supporting conductors I3 and I4 which are molded into the material of the fiare in the usual manner, bosses I5 and I6 being shown, but employed only as, if and when the structure otherwise makes them desirable.

Upon the supports I3 and I4 an insulating plate I! is employed, having perforations therethrough to receive the structure hereinafter enumerated. This plate II may be of any insulating material, but preferably of mica.

Upon the supports I3 and I 4 are mounted plates or anodes I8 and I9. These plates are, of course, of metal, as is well-known in the art, and are secured to the supports by being distorted at and 2I, as indicated more particularly at Figures 1 and 3, so that the supports I3 and I4 are clamped fixedly between the offsets 22 and 23 of the plates.

Upon the top of the plates I8 and I9 a second insulating plate 24 is mounted. The plates I8 and I9 are provided each with a pair of ears 25 at the top, and similar ears 26 at the bottom, which are inserted through openings 21 in the top plate 24 and openings 28 in the bottom plate I1, and are bent over, as shown more particularly at Figures 2 and 4, and in dotted lines at Figure 5, so that the plates I1 and 24 are spaced permanently apart by the intervening plates I8 and Within the plates I8 and I9 insulators are positioned. These insulators comprise elongated multi-tubular members 29, which have passages therethrough with hair-pin shaped filaments 30 extending through parallel passages in the insulating tubular structures 29.

Means is provided for properly positioning these insulators between the plates I1 and 24. Preferably, this means is also the metal sleeve 3I providing an indirect heater which closely embraces the insulator 29 and provides shoulders which bear against the approximate sides of the plates I1 and 24.

The insulators 29 themselves pass through the plates, and at opposite ends are provided with wings 32 which fit in perforations of similar form in said plates, and bear against the opposite ends of the embracing sleeves 3|.

Sealed also into the flare I2 are conductors 33 and 34 which are bent in opposite directions, as shown more particularly at Figure 2, and provided, respectively, with bars 35 and 36.

The extended ends of the filaments of one pair, as indicated at 30' in Figure 2, are crossed and connected, while the opposite ends of said filaments, 38", are respectively secured to the bars 35 and 36. V

The sleeves 3| are also provided with tongues 31 and 38, which are respectively secured to the bars 35 and 36.

The structure may also be provided with a getter plate or a getter cup 39, and mercury cup 40, which are employed, respectively, for completing the evacuation and reducing the internal resistance in the usual well-known manner.

The several conductors I3, I4, 33 and 34, are, of course, continued outwardly through the flare I2 and connected with the usual pins in the base II (not shown), to conform with standards already established, or which may hereafter be established.

The drawings are but one type of rectifier, of the vacuum tube type, to which this invention is applicable, and is so shown and described merely to illustrate and describe the application of this invention in rectifier types of vacuum tubes, and it is to be understood that this invention shall not be limited to that particular type of rectifier type construction.

One form of this invention is illustrated in the drawings, in which each cathode sleeve is electrically connected by its associated tongue, to its associated filament conductor. Instead of interconnecting said pair of cathode sleeves, as shown in Figures 1 to 6 inclusive and above described, the cathode sleeves 3|, associated with and encircled by plate I8, may be electrically connected to each other, and be electrically connected to an independent conductor 4I-Figures 12 to 16 inclusive, the latter of which is to protrude from the fiare as other conductors, for electrical connection to an additional and independent base pin. The other pair of cathode sleeves 3I associated with an encircled by plate I9, may be similarly connected by an additional conductor 42 similarly mounted in the flare, or all cathodes within the envelope may be electrically connected together and to an independent conductor 4|, as shown in Figures 17 to 20 inclusive. Regardless of the manner in which the cathode sleeves and/or filaments are interconnected, the principals of this invention remain the same.

As the operation or rectifiers, in general, and

especially of the tube type, are so well-known, it is believed that a further description of the operation of the device would be surplusage.

Of course, the rectifier herein illustrated may be modified and changed in various ways without departing from the invention herein set forth and hereafter claimed.

I claim:-

1. A tube type rectifier comprising a plate bent to form a hollow chamber, a pair of cathodes mounted within the chamber and spaced apart, said cathodes comprising metallic sleeves filled by insulating material having longitudinal passages therethrough, filaments extending through one of each of said passages and bent back upon itself and extended beyond the same end of said insulator, one of said extended ends being connected with an extended end of the other of said filaments, the other ends of said filaments being electrically connected with the sleeves, and conductors leading into said tube and connected with said opposite ends of the filaments.

2. A rectifier comprising an anode of tubular conductive material, a plurality of indirectly heated cathodes mounted within and spaced from the anode, heating elements mounted within and insulated from the cathodes, insulating means supporting and structurally connecting the foregoing into a unit, an evacuated envelope enclosing said unit, separate conductors from the heating elements and anode passing through the envelope, and means within the envelope connecting the cathodes to a conductor from a heating element.

3. A rectifier comprising a plurality of anodes of tubular conductive material, a plurality of cathodes of tubular conductive material mounted within and spaced from each anode, a heating element mounted within and insulated from each cathode, insulating means supporting and structurally connecting the foregoing into a unit, an evacuated envelope enclosing said unit, conductors from the heating elements and each anode passing through the envelope, and means within the envelope connecting an equal number of cathodes to each conductor from the heating elements.

4. A rectifier comprising a plurality of anodes of tubular conductive material, a plurality of cathodes of tubular conductive material mounted within and spaced from each anode, a heating element mounted within and insulated from each cathode, insulating means supporting and structurally connecting the foregoing into a unit, an evacuated envelope enclosing the unit, and conductors from the heating elements from each anode and from each group of cathodes within an anode separately passing through the envelope.

5. A rectifier comprising a plurality of anodes of tubular conductive material, a plurality of indirectly heated cathodes of tubular conductive material mounted within and spaced from each anode, a heating element mounted within and insulated from each cathode, means supporting, insulating and connecting the foregoing into a unit, an evacuated envelope enclosing the unit, and conductorspassing through the envelope, separately for the cathodes, for each anode and for the heating elements.

- WILLIAM M. FURY.

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