US2029363A - Mechanical hammer - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 4, v I R R MECHANI CAL HAMMER Original Filed March 27, 1953 Enventog:

Dam

(Ittomeg Patented Feb. 4, 1936 UNITED STATES @PATE OFFICE Application March 27, 1933, Serial No. 663,039

Renewed May 14, 1935 12 Claims. (Cl. 262-14) This invention relates to power hammers, and aims to provide a traveling mechanical hammer which may be controlled by means of only two power-actuated cables, or more than two, if this is desired, and which will strike very hard blows without undue strain on the handling machinery. Other objects will appear from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention.

In the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification,

' Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the working end of a machine equipped with a hammer head or maul, in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 3 and 4 are, respectively, a side elevation, partly broken away, and a bottom plan view, of another attachment for the machine of Fig. 1, which is in the nature of a pick;

Figs. 5 and 6 are, respectively, a side elevation, partly broken away, and a bottom plan view, of still another attachment, which is in the nature of a cutter;

Figs. 7 and 8 are, respectively, a side elevation and a bottom plan view of the body of the hammer head shown in Fig. 1, the striking face being omitted.

Referring particularly to the drawing, there is shown a portion of a machine of the type known shown) carried on the frame.

means of suitable power lines.

as a trenching or ditching machine, the operation of which is described in my Patent No. 1,511,114.

For simplicity of illustration, only the traction base In, chassis or frame ll, boom l2 and stick l3 are here shown, together with the striking line l4 and the lifting line 15, both of which are wire cables leading to power-actuated drums (not The showing of the parts named is diagrammatic, as the construction and arrangement of the elements of the handling machine do not matter, so long as there is a stick pivoted to the end of a boom and zontal and in alinement with the boom l2, because of the way in which it is pivoted and its connection with the lifting line l5. As shown in the preferred embodiment, the lifting line is a two 'part;line, passing around a sheave l6 carried by apair of links I! together forming a yoke, said yoke being pivoted at its opposite end to an arm [8 made fast to the stick l3 on the side opposite to the pivot l9. In this respect the disclosure differs from that of the aforesaid Patent No. 1,511,114 and also from that of improvement patents such as No. 1,543,250; the result being that the upper arm of the stick, that is, the lever or moment arm above pivot I9, is considerably longer than the lever or moment arms provided in commercial ditching machines. Thus the lifting line has a greater out-thrusting effect on the stick than in commercial ditching machines, or to speak more accurately, the weight of the boom is more effective to cause the stick to reach out because the lifting line does not actively pull the stick to out-reaching position, but (in the preferred embodiment) supports the boom through the upper end of the stick and the pivot l9. Thus when the parts are in equilibrium and the stick in its most extended position, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the longitudinal axis of the stick is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boom.

At the lower or free end of the stick a hammer or maul body 20 is rigidly secured in such a manner that the striking face delivers a straight blow upon a substantially horizontal surface or upon a surface substantially parallel to that on which the machine stands. The maul body is braced by a pair of braces 2 I, removably secured to a bifurcated arm 22 and preferably welded to the sides of the stick, bolts 23 on either side of the body 26 facilitate attachment or disengagement of the body from the stick. Preferably arm I8 is also readily detachable, so that the same stick and boom may be used with a scoop to form a ditching machine, as disclosed in the aforesaid patents.

The same body 25 may mount a ball or maul head 24 (Fig. 1), a pick head 25 (Figs. 3 and 4) or a cutter head 26 (Figs. 5 and 6). Each of these heads has a recess (24 25 or 26 which snugly fits over a centering gudgeon 21 of corresponding shape projecting from the lower end of the maul body. Obviously, other heads of various shapes may be secured to the body 20 and any suitable centering engagement may be used. Bolts passing through lugs or ears 26 on the body and similar ears 29 on the several heads, permit attachment and detachment of any one of the heads to the body, and prevent relative movement.

As the striking line It is used to snap or pull the stick downwardly at the instant before impact, further to augment the blow delivered, a contact piece 30 is rigidly secured to the stick so as to extend some distance below the-pivot l9 when the stick is extended outwardly, and an arcuate groove, as shown, is provided on the outer surface of contact piece 35 for receiving the line Id when said line is pulled taut by power. Thus the pull of the striking line is governed by its spacing from said pivot. This will be understood by studying Fig. 1.

While the invention is illustrated in Connection with a two line machine, it is susceptible of use with the more awkwardly controllable three and four line machines which are known to the excavating art; hence the mention of merely two lines in the appended claims is not to be construed as a limitation.

To those skilled in the art, the operation and 7 advantages of the invention will be patent. The described mechanical hammer strikes a combination gravity and power blow, sufiiciently powerful to break rock and concrete. When a heavy blow is struck, the hammer head and stick will rise upwardly due to the reaction (just as a sledge hammer rises or bounces above a spike head) and when this rise occurs, the striking line is held spaced away from the stick pivot, and hence may be used, when power is again applied to it, to pull the stick assembly downwardly to deliver a second and a series of blows, until the formation is shattered.-

Among the uses of the invention are:

(l) The breaking of stone blocks or boulders in quarries or excavations.

(2) The breaking up of old concrete pavements.

(3) The breaking up of hard frozen ground, when it is desired to excavate below the frost line.

(4) The cutting of asphalt pavement when trenching, in. which work the pick head of Fig. 3 or the cutterhead (Fig. 5) would be used.

(5) The driving of sheathing timbers or short piles in trenching.

In general, the described machine will strike blows, at the will of the operator for any purpose, at the level on which the machine stands,

and within a considerable range above and below said level, at any point in a zone extending about the vertical axis on which the boom may turn. As the machine is preferably a two-power-line machine, the two hands of the operator controlling the respective lines, it follows that very rapid and very accurate blows may be struck. The described machine may deliver blows comparable in force to those delivered by pile-drivers, yet has a mobility and versatility absolutely unknown in the art of pile-driving. Furthermore, the hammer head may be used, as a workman uses a hand pick, to pull and roll stones about into the position most advantageous for striking a fair blow; also for clearing away fragments or debris so as to permit a solid blow on the body as yet unbroken. I

Also, the machine may crane-service its own work, as by lifting and placing stakes, etc. preparatory to driving, placing rails and ties on cars after knocking apart old track, etc.

The machine of the present invention is termed a mechanical hammer because it employs a blowdelivering member of concentrated mass (not necessarily absolutely solid) which is incapable of gathering up material, though capable of shattering or splitting material like a maul or an ax.

Obviously, the present invention is not restricted to the particular embodiment thereof herein shown and described. Moreover, it is not indispensable that all the features of the invention be used conjointly since they may be employed ad- 1. In combination, a machine for providing power; a boom pivoted on the machine to swing vertically; a stick pivoted. to the outer end of the boom; a power-actuated striking line connected with the stick below its pivot; a poweractuated line for lifting the boom and supporting the stick in out-reaching position; and. a massive, substantially solid, blow-delivering maul body of relatively great mass rigidly secured on the outer, free end of the stick and adapted to strike downward blows when the stick is extended outwardly beyond, the boom; the combined center of gravity of said maul body and of the unbalanced portion of said stick being located within the maul body.

2. In combination, a machine for providing power; a boom pivoted on the machine to swing vertically; a stick pivoted to the outer end of the boom; a power-actuated striking line connected with stick below its pivot; a power-actuated line for lifting the boom and supporting the stick in' movable member rigidly secured thereon and providing a striking face; the combined centerof gravity of said maul body and. of the unbalanced. portion of said stick being located within the vertical projection of said striking face.

3. The invention'claimed in claim 2, wherein the member providing the striking face is maintained in central position with respect to the body by means of a centering gudgeon.

4. The invention claimed in claim 2, wherein the striking face has a ball striking surface.-

5. The invention claimed in claim 2, wherein the striking face has a pick-like projection.

' 6. The invention claimed in claim 2, wherein the striking face has an ax-like projection.

'7. A demolition hammer comprising, in combination, a boom pivoted to swing both vertically and horizontally; a stick pivoted on theouter end of the boom so as to swing in vertical planes; a substantially solid maul of relatively great mass rigidly secured to the outer end of the stick; a

power-actuated cable for supporting said boom, stick and maul and for swinging said stickupwardly and outwardly; and another power-actuated cable for swinging said stick inwardly and downwardly. V

8. A demolition hammer comprising, in combination, a boom pivoted to swing both vertically and horizontally; a stick pivoted on the outer end of the boom so as to swing in vertical planes independently of the boom; a substantially solid maul of relatively great mass rigidly secured to the outer end of the stick; a poweractuated cable for supporting the boom, stickand maul and for swinging said stick upwardly and outwardly; swinging said stick inwardly and downwardly;

and means carried by the stick to space the lastmentioned cable away from the stick pivot, so that said cable may exert more force in pulling .65 another power-actuated cable for the maul downwardly, thereby to augment" the a stick pivoted to swing vertically on the outer end of the boom; a power-actuated line for lifting the boom and supporting the stick in outreaching position; and a blow-delivering maul body of relatively'great mass rigidly secured on the outer, free end of the stick and adapted to strike downward blows when the stick is extended outwardly beyond the boom and the boom lifting line is released.

10. In combination, a machine for providing power; a boom pivoted on the machine to swing vertically; means to swing the boom horizontally; a stick pivoted intermediate its ends and adjacent the outer end of the boom to swing vertically; a power-actuated line connected with the stick to lift the stick and boom together so that the stick extends outwardly beyond the boom substantially as a continuation of the boom, when the boom is horizontal or nearly so; and a blow-delivering maul body of relatively great mass adapted to deliver downward blows when the poweractuated line is released; said maul body having a removable member rigidly secured thereon and providing a striking face.

11. The invention as claimed in claim 8 wherein the means to space the cable away from the stick pivot comprises a contact piece grooved on its outer surface to receive the cable which swings the stick, and being rigidly secured to the stick adjacent its pivot and extending below said pivot when the stick is extended outwardly.

12. In combination, a, traction base; a frame structure mounted on the traction base; a motor, a transmission, slewing and winding mechanisms mounted on the frame structure; a boom carried by the frame structure and swingable vertically and horizontally; a striking arm pivotally attached to said boom; a substantially solid massive blow-delivering member carried by said striking arm and so constructed that it is incapable of gathering up material; and cable means controlled by said winding mechanism for operating said boom and arm so that the blowdelivery member may be caused to strike a series of substantially vertical blows.

ROBERT REX DOWNIE.

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