US20260015853A1

US20260015853A1 - Wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection

Info

Publication number: US20260015853A1
Application number: US19/264,623
Authority: US
Inventors: Udo Cera; Stefan Buhl
Original assignee: Adolf Wuerth GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Adolf Wuerth GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2024-07-10
Filing date: 2025-07-09
Publication date: 2026-01-15
Also published as: EP4678837A1; DE102024119649A1

Abstract

An arrangement for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection for connecting rod-shaped, beam-shaped or plate-shaped wooden components, comprising a tenon with at least one insertion hole, and a releasable connection which can be passed releasably through the at least one insertion hole of the tenon and can be inserted into a first wooden component, wherein the tenon is configured to be fastened to the first wooden component at a connection surface by means of the releasable connection, wherein the tenon is configured with an outer contour which widens from the connection surface in the direction of an opposite end face for connection to a second wooden component, wherein the tenon is configured for insertion into an insertion region of a pocket or groove arranged on the second wooden component, and wherein the tenon is configured for mounting in a holding region of the pocket or groove with an inner contour which is adapted to the outer contour of the tenon and widens inwards.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority of the German Patent application DE 10 2024 119 649.1 filed on Jul. 10, 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

The disclosure relates to an arrangement for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection for connecting rod-shaped, beam-shaped or plate-shaped wooden components, comprising a tenon and a releasable connection, and a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection.

ART BACKGROUND

For the connection of wall, ceiling or roof elements, special metal connectors or conventional wooden connections with, for example, finger or dovetail galvanizations without metallic connecting elements are often used in wood construction. In the conventional dovetail connections, a tenon with a specially shaped outer contour is generally milled or cut out on the one component. An associated groove with an inner contour corresponding to the outer contour of the tenon is produced on the second component. The lateral outer surfaces of the tenon and the inner side faces of the groove corresponding thereto are generally bevelled, with the result that the tenon and the groove have the shape of a dovetail in cross section. As a result, such a connection can transmit not only transverse forces but also tensile forces. However, the production of such a connection is associated with a corresponding high production outlay. Furthermore, in the connection of large-area components, a relatively large amount of material would have to be removed in order to produce the tenons, so that the tenon remains. The metal connectors are also generally complicated to produce and require precise preassembly. Furthermore, in the case of wall assembly, the insertion with such metal connectors is relatively heavy, since the clearance is very small.
There is a need to provide a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection of the type mentioned at the outset, which permits a simple and less complicated connection even of large-area components.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

This need is met by the subject matter according to the independent patent claims. Preferred configurations emerge from the dependent patent claims.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an arrangement for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection for connecting rod-shaped, beam-shaped or plate-shaped wooden components is provided, comprising a tenon with at least one insertion hole (for example at least one through hole), and a releasable connection which can be passed releasably through the at least one insertion hole of the tenon and can be inserted into a first wooden component, wherein the tenon is configured to be fastened to the first wooden component at a connection surface by means of the releasable connection, wherein the tenon is configured with an outer contour which widens from the connection surface in the direction of an opposite end face for connection to a second wooden component, wherein the tenon is configured for insertion into an insertion region of a pocket or groove arranged on the second wooden component, and wherein the tenon is configured for mounting in a holding region of the pocket or groove with an inner contour which is adapted to the outer contour of the tenon and widens inwards. Said pocket or groove can form a depression to be suspended.
According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection is provided, comprising an arrangement with the features described above, a first wooden component, to which the connection surface of the tenon is fastened or can be fastened by means of the releasable connection, a second wooden component, to which the tenon is connected or can be connected, such that the second wooden component faces the end face of the tenon, wherein the second wooden component has a pocket or groove with an insertion region for inserting the tenon and a holding region for holding the tenon, wherein the holding region is configured with an inner contour which is adapted to the outer contour of the tenon and widens inwards.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection is created, comprising a tenon arranged on a first wooden component with an outer contour which widens in the direction of the second component and a pocket or groove provided on a second wooden component, which has an insertion region for inserting the tenon and a holding region with an inner contour which is adapted to the outer contour of the tenon and widens inwards for mounting the tenon. The tenon configured as a separate component is fastened to the first wooden component via a releasable connection configured, for example, as a screw or pin connection. The pocket or groove belonging to the tenon on the second wooden component can, for example, be milled directly into the second wooden component or be attached to the second wooden component as an adapter part. Via the releasable connection, the tenons can, for example, be mounted simply and quickly at any desired points. No complicated production or assembly steps are required. Thus, for example, corresponding tenons can also be fastened in a simple manner at the desired points on the end faces or side faces of large wall components. As a result, the assembly of large-size components, such as, for example, wall, ceiling or roof elements produced from wood, can be considerably simplified. In comparison with known metal connectors, the wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to the disclosure furthermore offers improved freedom of movement. When the connection is attached, the components can be aligned and adjusted even more easily, as a result of which the assembly is considerably facilitated. Both the tenon and the corresponding pocket or groove can be produced simply and less complicated and permit a reliable connection with a considerable saving of time during assembly.
Additional exemplary embodiments of the arrangement and of the wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection are described below.
Exemplary embodiments of the disclosure provide an arrangement for connecting, for example, wall, ceiling, facade or roof elements. The elements to be connected can be of rod-shaped, beam-shaped or plate-shaped design, for example. These arrangements can also be used for connecting completely prefabricated multi-part assembled wooden components in the form of complete room elements or presuspended facade elements. The arrangement can comprise a single-part or multi-part tenon and a releasable connection for connecting the tenon. Presuspended facade elements or spacer timbers of cube-shaped prefabricated elements can also be connected according to exemplary embodiments.
According to exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, a simple and less complicated connection, in particular of large-area components, is made possible. Owing to the differently dimensioned connectors used in comparison with small furniture construction, forces occurring during assembly can be absorbed in view of existing materials and product dimensions and forces possibly occurring in the assembled state can be removed statically.
According to one exemplary embodiment, a sound-insulating layer can be provided between the first wooden component and the tenon and/or between the tenon and the second wooden component. The sound-insulating layer can be attached to the first wooden component, to the tenon and/or to the second wooden component or be configured as a separate insert part. An intermediate layer can be applied in order to achieve sound decoupling. For example, a sound-insulating layer can be inserted between the components. It is also possible to adhesively bond the side edge of the connector tenon thereto.
According to one exemplary embodiment, at least one elevation for form-fitting engagement in at least one corresponding depression on the first wooden component can be provided on the connection surface of the tenon. Such an elevation can be used as a positioning aid for positioning the tenon on the first wooden component. In this way, correct assembly of the connection can be ensured. The recessed elevation (which can also be referred to as a connection tenon) placed in a positioning hole in the first wooden component generates an increase in the forces to be applied, for example, at a 90° angle. In order to increase the load-bearing capacity or compressive strength, the elevation can be produced from a different material than the remaining tenon (also referred to as a connector tenon). It is also possible for the tenon to be of two-part design, namely with a connector tenon and an elevation to be mounted thereon (which can then form a connection tenon).
The elevation can be reduced in size with respect to the tenon (see FIG. 34 ) or can be applied over the entire tenon area (see FIG. 35 ). Alternatively, the entire end section of the tenon (see FIG. 36 ) can be inserted into the positioning hole of the first wooden component. In a further variant, the positioning hole in the first wooden component can have right-angled side areas and the tenon can bear with oblique side areas against only one edge. The at least one elevation can be reduced in size with respect to the tenon transversely with respect to an insertion direction into the first wooden component, as shown for example in FIG. 34 . It is also possible for the at least one elevation to extend at least in sections over an entire tenon area at the transition between tenon and elevation, see for example FIG. 35 . In another alternative, an end section of the tenon, for example of a tenon with inclined side areas, can be inserted into a depression of the first wooden component, see for example FIG. 36 .
According to one exemplary embodiment, at least two elevations for form-fitting engagement in at least two corresponding depressions on the first wooden component can be provided on the connection surface of the tenon. Correspondingly, the first wooden component can have at least two depressions, in which at least two elevations on the connection surface of the tenon engage in a form-fitting manner. Such a configuration allows particularly error-resistant positioning of the tenon with respect to the first wooden component. Incorrect operation of the arrangement and of the connection can thereby be ruled out. In particular, it is also possible to provide more than two elevations on a tenon. The plurality of elevations can also extend in different directions, for example longitudinally and transversely on the connection surface (see for example FIG. 33 ). It is possible that the connection surface of the connector tenon is not a smooth area, but rather an area with a wide variety of possible elevations. These are then not limited, as in the case of pure elevations, but rather the structure can extend over the entire area.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the at least two elevations on the connection surface can have areas of equal size. This permits relative positioning of the tenon with respect to the first wooden component, without incorrect assembly being able to occur.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the at least two elevations on the connection surface can have areas of different size. This permits the tenon to be assembled on the first wooden component in a reliable and always correct manner, since the elevations of different areas can be inserted into the depressions thereof only in a specific orientation of the tenon relative to the first wooden component.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the at least one elevation can be round, in particular circular, or polygonal, in particular rectangular. Preferably, the at least one polygonal elevation can have rounded corners. This shaping of the elevation, which can be formed corresponding to the shaping of the corresponding depression in the first wooden component, can be produced simply and permits reliable attachment of the tenon on the first wooden component.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the at least one insertion hole in the tenon can run perpendicularly to the connection surface and/or perpendicularly to the end face. This permits fastening of the tenon on the first wooden component even with relatively short screws or pins and thus simply and less complicated.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the at least one insertion hole in the tenon can run obliquely with respect to the connection surface and/or obliquely with respect to the end face. With the aid of such a tenon, it is possible to set (for example screw in or knock in) a screw or another fastening element through the obliquely running passage into the first wooden component, with the result that, in the fastened state, the fastening element can be predominantly subjected to tensile stress. The head of the fastening element preferably bears against a bearing surface of the tenon. Forces arising are transmitted efficiently, with the result that the forces occurring in the longitudinal direction during the connection of wooden components (such as beams) are transmitted in a favorable manner to the pin-shaped fastening elements.
According to one exemplary embodiment, an angle between a running direction of the at least one insertion hole in the tenon, on the one hand, and a normal (or perpendicular) of the connection surface and/or a normal (or perpendicular) of the end face, on the other hand, can lie in a range from 15° to 75°, in particular in a range from 30° to 60°. Preferably, the angle lies at 45° #5°. In the angular ranges mentioned, particularly efficient force transmission between tenon and first wooden component is made possible, specifically with significant force components parallel and perpendicular to the surface of the first wooden component.
According to one exemplary embodiment, a plurality of insertion holes in the tenon can run obliquely with respect to one another and/or obliquely with respect to the connection surface and/or obliquely with respect to the end face. In particular, at least two or even at least three releasable connections can be formed by means of screws or nails between the tenon and the first wooden component, specifically preferably along a plurality of directions of extent corresponding to different angular directions. In other words, different releasable connections can extend along different directions of extent (for example skewed with respect to one another) through the tenon into the first wooden component. This increases the resistance of the tenon to undesired pulling off from the first wooden component by applying a tensile force. Thus, this measure significantly increases the pull-out force which is required to pull off the tenon from the first wooden component.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the at least one insertion hole can extend obliquely through the at least one elevation. In other words, a respective obliquely mounted releasable connection can extend not only through the central region of the tenon, but also through the elevation, which is preferably connected in one piece thereto, into the first wooden component. As a result, particularly secure assembly of the tenon on the first wooden component can be combined with a high pull-out force.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the tenon can be trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view. In a corresponding manner, the pocket or groove can be trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view. This geometry combines simple producibility with reliable positive anchoring of the tenon in the pocket or groove of the second wooden component.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the tenon can have side faces which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and merge into the end face via roundings. In a corresponding manner, the pocket or groove can have inner side faces which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and merge into a base face via roundings. Such a configuration avoids an abrupt transition from the inclined side faces to the horizontal end face and offers advantageous properties with regard to notch stresses.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the tenon can have side faces which are, in a cross-sectional view, inclined with respect to one another and bend in on itself, and merge into the end face, in particular via an edge. In a corresponding manner, the pocket or groove can have inner side faces which are, in a cross-sectional view, inclined with respect to one another and bend in on itself, and merge into a base face, in particular via an edge. According to such a configuration, a first section with a first angle of inclination can be connected to a second section with a different second angle of inclination at a respective side face of the tenon via an edge or a kink. This further facilitates the entry of the tenon into the pocket or groove of the second wooden component. The latter can be configured correspondingly.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the second wooden component can have a reinforcing collar laterally with respect to the pocket or groove. For example, the reinforcing collar can be configured as an annular lateral extension around the pocket or groove, in order to directly adjoin an outer surface of the first wooden component. As a result, undesired release of the wooden components from one another can be avoided, in particular also in the assembled state or during assembly, by the reinforcing collar strengthening the connection.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the tenon can have side faces which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and have steps. In a corresponding manner, the pocket or groove can have inner side faces which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and have steps. A stepped form fit can further improve the reliability of the fastening between the two wooden components by means of the tenon.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the second wooden component can have an adhesive structure in the pocket or groove. Alternatively or additionally, the tenon can have side faces which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view, on and/or in which an adhesive structure can be formed. The positive connection between tenon and second wooden component can be further reinforced by an adhesive connection additionally being formed between the outer side walls of the tenon and the inner side walls of the second wooden component in the region of the pocket or groove.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the tenon can be double-trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view. In a corresponding manner, the pocket or groove can be double-trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view. The tenon can be formed, for example, by two trapezoids or truncated cones which are stacked and connected to one another or are in one piece. Such a geometry permits particularly reliable form fit between the tenon and the second wooden component, wherein the latter can likewise have a pocket or groove in double-trapezoidal form. The described measure brings about an increase in load-bearing capacity as a result of a lesser weakening of the material structure in the region of the side edge of the milled pocket.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the at least one insertion hole of the tenon can have a receptacle, in particular in the form of a truncated cone or in the form of a circular cylinder, for a screw head. In particular, such a receptacle can receive a screw head of a countersunk head screw in a form-fitting manner and sink it into the tenon without overhang.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the tenon can be shield-shaped in a plan view. According to another exemplary embodiment, the tenon can be triangular in a plan view. Entry of the tenon into the pocket or groove can take place in a particularly error-resistant manner in these two embodiments.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the tenon can have a triangular section and an adjoining rectangular section in a plan view (see for example FIG. 27 ). The triangular section can promote entry of the tenon into a desired position in the pocket or groove. The rectangular section can simplify the handling of the tenon, can bring about an increase in surface area and/or can form a rear stop surface when the tenon has arrived at a desired position in the pocket or groove. An extended side area of the connector tenon is positive for the load-bearing capacity in variants in which the connector tenon consists of a weaker material.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the tenon can have a friction-increasing structure (in particular a friction-increasing surface) on the connection surface and/or on the end face. Alternatively or additionally, the first wooden component and/or the second wooden component can have a friction-increasing structure on a surface portion which faces the tenon. A friction-increasing structure can be a physical structure which has a locally increased coefficient of friction in comparison with its surroundings. For example, such a friction-increasing structure can be a friction plate, a roughened surface portion, a surface portion composed of a material with a higher coefficient of friction in relation to the surroundings, a surface portion with friction-increasing elevations between friction-increasing depressions, a strip of sanding paper, a surface portion with pyramid structures or wave structures, etc. As a result of the roughening on the friction-increasing structure, the tenon bears with a higher static friction against the first wooden component and/or against the second wooden component. The increased static friction or adhesion between the elements involved (i.e. tenon, first wooden component and/or second wooden component) as a result of the friction-increasing structure counteracts a displacement of the elements relative to one another, i.e. the initial displacement of the elements relative to one another is made more difficult. A relative displacement of the elements relative to one another therefore takes place only in the case of increased load-bearing loads—in comparison with a wooden connection without a friction-increasing structure. The roughening of the connection side of the friction plate can take place by means of projections or depressions, for example milled-in portions. It is advantageous that the roughness of the respective connection side is increased, as a result of which the static friction in relation to the connection elements to be connected is increased.
As a result of the provision of at least one friction-increasing structure on the tenon—and alternatively or additionally on the first wooden component and/or on the second wooden component—the shear load-bearing capacity can be increased by means of friction, for example by approximately 40%. Such a friction surface can be obtained if milling is carried out in a planar manner on the connector side. For example, instead of being planar, the inner face can also be configured with a pyramid structure or a horizontal triangle line. In particular, the height of the depressions of a friction-increasing structure can lie in a range from 0.02 mm to 3 mm, preferably in a range from 0.1 mm to 1 mm, for example approximately 0.3±0.2 mm. This is of great advantage in particular in the case of a circular multiple screw connector, but also in many other embodiments.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the pocket or groove can be formed directly in the second wooden component, in particular is delimited exclusively by a wooden surface of the second wooden component. This means that the pocket or groove can be formed directly in the second wooden component without a fitting part or the like being necessary for this purpose. For example, the pocket or groove with the features described above can be formed directly in the wood of the second wooden component and be delimited spatially directly by the latter. This can be brought about, for example, by the pocket or groove being milled directly into the second wooden component. This leads to a wood-wood-wood connection between the two wooden components and a tenon formed from wood. This brings about a particularly reliable connection and suppresses different thermal expansions of involved components made of different materials. Furthermore, when pocket or groove is formed directly in the second wooden component itself, a particularly compact connection which is simple to produce can be achieved. When the connector is assembled, only one part is then to be attached, the counterpart is milled into the component. The position and also the orientation are precisely defined by the bores or else two bores of different sizes. Incorrect assembly can thus be ruled out.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the second wooden component can have an adapter part mounted thereon, which at least partially delimits the pocket or groove with the insertion region and the holding region. An adapter part, formed as a body which is separate from the remaining second wooden component, for defining pocket or groove increases the design freedom since the adapter part can be produced, for example, from a different material than the remaining second wooden component and/or the tenon. In addition, the separate provision of the adapter part permits the optional intermediate arrangement of a spacer plate between the adapter part and the remaining second wooden component.
According to another exemplary embodiment, the second wooden component can have a recess into which an adapter part is inserted, which at least partially delimits the pocket or groove with the insertion region and the holding region. According to such an embodiment, the adapter part is inserted into a recess of the second wooden component and fastened there, for example by means of adhesive and/or by means of fastening elements such as screws. If such a fitting part is inserted into the second wooden component, a particularly reliable connection to the tenon on the first wooden component can be brought about. The described embodiment is therefore advantageous in particular when particularly high forces have to be absorbed or when the second wooden component is not able to do this or is able to do this only in a restricted form (for example when the second wooden component has softwood). The adapter part can preferably be an adapter plate and/or be formed from metal, plastic, synthetic resin fibre material and/or HPL (high pressure laminate).
According to one exemplary embodiment, the adapter part can have one or more insertion holes for leading through one or more fastening elements for fastening the adapter part to the second wooden component. For example, the adapter part can be screwed, nailed and/or riveted to the second wooden component. An oblique setting can be advantageous here, for example using inclined bores. In order to maintain a predetermined distance, an additional spacer plate can also be provided between the adapter part and second wooden component.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the adapter part can be fastened to the second wooden component by means of an adhesive fastening. Adhesive bonding of the adapter part to the second wooden component can permit simple and secure attachment. This is also reflected in a particularly reliable connection between the wooden components by means of the tenon and the adapter part.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the adapter part can be produced from a material which differs from the tenon. It is also possible for the adapter part to be fastened to the base directly or indirectly via a further spacer plate via a releasable or plug-in connection.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the pocket or groove can have an uneven base face, in particular a base face with two planar base face portions which are inclined with respect to one another. The uneven base face can contain a central elevation on the base face which can promote entry of the tenon into a desired position. With the described measure, a larger suspension angle can be achieved, which facilitates assembly.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the pocket or groove can have mutually opposite side faces which are inclined relative to one another and which open into the uneven base face. This configuration can also lead to the tenon being inserted into the pocket or groove in a predetermined manner and being fastened reliably in the interior of the second wooden component.
In a particularly expedient embodiment, the releasable connection can be configured, for example, as a screw or pin connection with one or more screws, pins or other similar fastening elements. Via the screws or corresponding fastening elements, the tenons can be mounted simply and quickly at any desired points and can, if required, also be offset or readjusted.
According to one possible configuration of the disclosure, the tenon has a cross section which widens from an inner connection face facing the first wooden component towards an outer end face facing the second wooden component, and the holding region of the pocket or groove has a cross section which widens inwards from an end-side outer surface of the second wooden component. As a result of such a contour, tensile forces with high stability can also be transmitted. As a result of the avoidance of parallel edges, an extension of the tensile-loaded surface occurs, which leads to more favorable tensile forces. Such a connection cannot be produced in a form-fitting manner, since the device would otherwise no longer be mountable.
In order to achieve a secure and positionally accurate connection between the tenon and the first wooden component, an elevation configured, for example, in the manner of a feather key for form-fitting engagement in a corresponding depression on the first wooden component can be provided on the inner connection surface of the tenon facing the first wooden component.
The wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection can be configured as a dovetail connection with inclined outer side faces on the tenon and correspondingly inclined inner side faces in the pocket or groove. In a particularly stable and load-bearing embodiment, the tenon can be configured in the form of a wedge tapering in the insertion direction. This facilitates the centering of the components when the elements are lowered. The two components are brought together by the obliquely positioned lower edge. However, the tenon can also have the shape of a truncated cone or the shape of a block-shaped insertion part. Horizontal abutting surfaces improve perpendicular force transmissions.
In a further possible embodiment, the wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection can also be configured as a T connection with a T groove and an associated tenon with a T-shaped cross section.
The side faces of the pocket or groove and also the outer surfaces of the tenon run, for example, in a wedge-shaped manner towards one another in the insertion direction of the tenon. However, the tenon and the pocket or groove can also have a constant cross-sectional area.
The tenon (which can also be referred to as connector tenon) can have wood or wood material, preferably veneer laminated wood or hardwood. It can alternatively or additionally also have plastic, synthetic resin fibres or metal. More generally, the tenon can have wood, metal, plastic, concrete, ceramic and/or a fibre composite.
It can be preferred that the tenon has wood or consists thereof. The formation of a connection between a first wooden component and a second wooden component by means of a tenon consisting of wood on the first wooden component, which tenon is inserted into a pocket or groove directly on the second wooden component, leads in a sustainable manner and likewise advantageously to a “wood-wood-wood connection”. Wood as tenon material has the advantage of a low weight with high strength and, in the case of connection of two wooden components, leads to low thermal forces owing to the extremely similar coefficients of thermal expansion of the wooden components and of the wooden tenon. Such a wooden tenon has also proved to be extremely suitable for counteracting undesired release of the connection in the connected state of the wooden components. A wooden connector also has advantages in the case of fire protection, since steel or aluminium connectors can fail in the case of heat.
For example, the tenon can have a length in a range from 5 cm to 20 cm, in particular from 7 cm to 15 cm, in the insertion direction into the pocket or groove. Transversely with respect to the insertion direction into the pocket or groove, the tenon can have for example a width in a range from 2 cm to 10 cm, in particular from 3 cm to 7 cm. Furthermore, the tenon can have a height in a range from 1 cm to 10 cm, in particular from 2 cm to 7 cm.
The rod-shaped, beam-shaped or plate-shaped wooden components for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection can be solid wooden components, as are used in particular in house construction. For example, such wooden components can be wooden beams, such as roof beams, in particular rafters, purlins and/or posts, for a wooden roof. It is also possible to provide, as wooden components, solid components such as, for example, board plywood or stacked board timber, as are used in house construction. For example, the wooden components can be at least 2 m long and/or weigh at least 20 kg. In other embodiments, the wooden components can also be shorter, for example can be up to 50 cm long. The wooden components can be constructed from hardwood, softwood, real wood, veneer wood and/or chipboard. The solid or assembled wooden components can be constructed from hardwood, softwood, wood materials based on wood, gypsum or cement such as, for example, veneer laminated wood and/or wood materials based on chips or strands.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the following figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection in a bottom view, sectional side view and top view according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows an arrangement with a tenon and a releasable connection for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a top view and a side view.

FIG. 3 shows an arrangement with a tenon and a releasable connection for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a top view and a side view.

FIG. 4 shows an arrangement with a tenon and a releasable connection for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a top view and a side view.

FIG. 5 shows an adapter plate for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a top view and a side view.

FIG. 5 a shows an adapter plate for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a top view and a side view.

FIG. 6 shows an arrangement with a tenon and a releasable connection for the adapter plate according to FIG. 5 in a top view and a side view.

FIG. 7 shows an arrangement with a tenon and a releasable connection for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a top view and a side view.

FIG. 8 shows a tenon between two wooden components of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 9 shows a second wooden component with a pocket or groove for a tenon on a first wooden component of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 10 shows a second wooden component with a pocket or groove for a tenon on a first wooden component of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 11 shows a second wooden component with a pocket or groove for a tenon on a first wooden component of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 12 shows a second wooden component with a pocket or groove for a tenon on a first wooden component of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 13 shows a second wooden component with a pocket or groove for a tenon on a first wooden component of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 14 shows a second wooden component with a pocket or groove for a tenon on a first wooden component of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 15 shows a second wooden component with a pocket or groove for a tenon on a first wooden component of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 16 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 17 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 18 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 19 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 20 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 21 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 22 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 23 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 24 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 25 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view.

FIG. 26 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view.

FIG. 27 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view.

FIG. 28 shows an arrangement with tenon and releasable connection for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view and a side view.

FIG. 29 shows a friction increasing structure for a connector tenon according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 30 shows an adapter part attached to a second wooden component for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a side view, and shows a tenon attached to a first wooden component for the adapter part in a side view.

FIG. 31 shows in a plan view the adapter part according to FIG. 30 and an optional spacer plate for optional arrangement between the adapter part and the second wooden component according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 32 shows a tenon for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection in a first wooden component according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 33 shows a plan view of a tenon with a multiplicity of elevations on a connection surface.

FIG. 34 , FIG. 35 , FIG. 36 show different configurations of a tenon with an elevation or without an independent elevation in an associated positioning hole of a first wooden component according to exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Identical or similar components in different figures are provided with identical reference numerals.
FIG. 1 shows a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection in a bottom view, sectional side view and top view according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
The wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection comprises a tenon 3 arranged on the first wooden component 1 with an outer contour which widens in the direction of a second wooden component 2 and a pocket or groove 4 provided on the second wooden component 2, which has an insertion region 5 for inserting the tenon 3 and a holding region 6 with an inner contour which is adapted to the outer contour of the tenon 3 and widens inwards for mounting the tenon 3.
In the embodiment shown in various views in FIG. 1 , the tenon 3 has a wedge shape which tapers in the insertion direction and has a trapezoidal cross section. The tenon 3 contains a more slender front end face 7 as seen in the insertion direction and a wider rear end face 8, wherein the front end face 7 is rounded and the rear end face 8 runs in a straight line. The tenon 3 also has inclined outer side faces 9. The side faces 9 are inclined such that the tenon 3 widens trapezoidally in cross section from an inner connection face 10 facing the first wooden component 1 towards an outer end face 11 facing the second wooden component 2. The tenon 3 has, on its inner connection face 10 facing the first wooden component 1, an elevation 12 configured in the manner of a feather key for form-fitting engagement in a corresponding depression 13 in the first wooden component 1. By means of a releasable connection 15 configured here as a screw connection with a plurality of screws 14, the tenon 3 is fastened to the first wooden component 1.
As emerges in particular from the bottom view of FIG. 1 , the pocket or groove 4 belonging to the tenon 3 in the second wooden component 2 has a widened insertion region 5 and a more slender holding region 6. The holding region 6 is configured such that the inclined inner side faces 16 of the pocket or groove 4 are inclined in this region such that the pocket or groove 4 widens trapezoidally in cross section in the holding region 6 from an end-side outer surface 17 of the second wooden component 2 towards an inner base face 18. The pocket or groove 4 also has, in the holding region 4, a profile which tapers in a wedge-shaped manner in accordance with the shape of the tenon 3 in the insertion direction of the tenon 3 and has a width which decreases from the insertion region 5 to a rounded inner end 19. The holding region 6 of the groove 4 can be produced, for example, with a dovetail milling cutter.
In particular, FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection for connecting rod-shaped, beam-shaped or plate-shaped wooden components 1, 2. This arrangement has the tenon 3 with insertion holes 30 and additionally the releasable connection 15 (also referred to as releasable connection structure) which is separate from the tenon 3 and is configured here in the form of two screws 14. Each of these screws 14 is guided releasably through an associated one of the insertion holes 30 of the tenon 3 and is inserted into the first wooden component 1, as a result of which the tenon 3 is mounted on the first wooden component 1. The tenon 3 is thus configured to be fastened to the first wooden component 1 at its connection surface 10 by means of the releasable connection 15. The tenon 3 is configured with an outer contour which widens from the connection surface 10 in the direction of its opposite end face 11 which faces the second wooden component 2. Furthermore, the tenon 3 is configured for insertion into the insertion region 5 of the pocket or groove 4 arranged on the second wooden component 2. Furthermore, the tenon 3 is configured for mounting, fixing or fixing in the holding region 6 of the pocket or groove 4 with an inner contour which is adapted to the outer contour of the tenon 3 and widens inwards.
The wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection illustrated in FIG. 1 therefore has the arrangement with tenon 3 and releasable connection 15 which—also reversibly—can be attached to the first wooden component 1 before the tenon 3 is inserted into the pocket or groove 4 of the second wooden component 2 in order to connect the two wooden components 1, 2 to one another.
The first wooden component 1 is therefore fastened to the connection surface 10 of the tenon 3 by means of the releasable connection 15. The tenon 3 is connected to the second wooden component 2 by the second wooden component 2 having the pocket or groove 4 with the insertion region 5 for inserting the tenon 3 and the holding region 6 for holding the tenon 3. The holding region 6 is configured with an inner contour which is adapted to the outer contour of the tenon 3 and widens inwards, such that a positive connection between tenon 3 and second wooden component 2 can be formed in the pocket or groove 4.
FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 , FIG. 15 , FIG. 16 , FIG. 17 , FIG. 18 , FIG. 19 , FIG. 20 , FIG. 21 , FIG. 22 , FIG. 23 , FIG. 24 , FIG. 25 , FIG. 26 , FIG. 27 , FIG. 28 , FIG. 29 show various embodiments of arrangements comprising tenon 3 and releasable connections 15 and first and/or second wooden components 1, 2 and wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connections which further improve the principle of FIG. 1 . In order to avoid repetitions, reference is made to the description of FIG. 1 for each of FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 , FIG. 15 , FIG. 16 , FIG. 17 , FIG. 18 , FIG. 19 , FIG. 20 , FIG. 21 , FIG. 22 , FIG. 23 , FIG. 24 , FIG. 25 , FIG. 26 , FIG. 27 , FIG. 28 , FIG. 29 , which description also applies to FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 , FIG. 15 , FIG. 16 , FIG. 17 , FIG. 18 , FIG. 19 , FIG. 20 , FIG. 21 , FIG. 22 , FIG. 23 , FIG. 24 , FIG. 25 , FIG. 26 , FIG. 27 , FIG. 28 , FIG. 29 , unless the following descriptions reveal otherwise. The individual elements from FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 , FIG. 15 , FIG. 16 , FIG. 17 , FIG. 18 , FIG. 19 , FIG. 20 , FIG. 21 , FIG. 22 , FIG. 23 ,
FIG. 24 , FIG. 25 , FIG. 26 , FIG. 27 , FIG. 28 , FIG. 29 can be combined with one another in any desired manner.
FIG. 1 shows a circular depression in a surface region of the insertion holes 30. A plate head screw can be placed there (not shown). In other embodiments, a countersunk head shape is formed in a surface region of the insertion holes 30, into which a countersunk head screw can be placed (not shown).
FIG. 2 shows an arrangement with tenon 3 and releasable connection 15 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a top view (left-hand illustration) and a side view (right-hand illustration). According to FIG. 2 , two rectangular connecting tenons of equal size are provided.
It can be seen in FIG. 2 that two elevations 12 for form-fitting engagement in two corresponding depressions 13 on a first wooden component 1 (not shown) are provided on the connection surface 10 of the tenon 3. According to FIG. 2 , the two elevations 12 on the connection surface 10 have areas of equal size and identical geometric shapes, namely rounded rectangles. This permits the tenon 3 to be mounted in a first orientation and in an orientation rotated through 180° on a first wooden component 1 (not shown in FIG. 2 ). The substantially rectangular elevations 12 according to FIG. 2 increase the contact area and therefore permit particularly good force transmission.
According to FIG. 2 , each of the insertion holes 30 in the tenon 3 runs perpendicularly to the connection surface 10 and perpendicularly to the end face 11. The connection surface 10 and the end face 11 are arranged parallel to one another. This leads to a compact design and to the usability of short screws 14 for insertion into the insertion holes 30 for forming the releasable connection 15.
According to FIG. 2 , each of the elevations 12 is of rectangular design with rounded corners. This polygonal geometry offers additional protection against rotation of the tenon 3 with respect to the first wooden component 1.
Each of the insertion holes 30 of the tenon 3 has a receptacle 48, in the form of a truncated cone (or alternatively in the form of a circular cylinder, not shown), for a screw head. For the geometry illustrated in FIG. 2 , a countersunk head screw with a screw head in the form of a truncated cone can be inserted and sunk into the tenon 3 without overhang. In other embodiments, with a circular-cylindrical receptacle, a countersunk head screw with a screw head in the form of a circular cylinder can be sunk into the tenon 3 without overhang.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 2 , horizontal surfaces on opposite sides of the tenon 3 serve for particularly efficient force transmission of perpendicular forces. Two elevations 12 for form-fitting engagement in a corresponding depression 13 on the first wooden component 1 (not shown) are provided as connection tenon sections. This configuration of the tenon 3 in combination with the corresponding configuration of the first wooden component 1 provides a positioning aid for assembly of the tenon 3 on the first wooden component 1.
The upper or rear end face 8 of the tenon 3 represents an upper end face which, after the connector tenon 3 has been set in the dovetail pocket (corresponding to the holding region 6) of the second wooden component 2, is aligned with the insertion pocket (corresponding to the insertion region 5). The rear end face 8 thus fulfils the function of an end face of the connector.
The connection face 10 of the tenon 3 is that inner face of the tenon 3 which, in the assembled state, forms the inner connection face facing the first wooden component 1. This fulfils the function of a connection face, lying flat, of the connector tenon 3 with respect to the first wooden component 1.
The end face 11 of the tenon 3 forms an outer surface of the connector tenon 3 which, in the clamping region of the dovetail pocket, points towards the second wooden component 2. This has the function of an outer end face.
The insertion holes 30 of the tenon 3 are configured as through holes (in particular through bores) and can alternatively also be configured as a blind hole which can be penetrated by a screw 14 or another fastening element. The insertion holes 30 form a guide bore through the connector tenon 3. Preferably, the diameter bore corresponds to the screw diameter. The insertion holes 30 serve for easy and exact fastening of the screws 14, preferably wood screws, to be fitted for assembly.
A countersunk bore can be provided in the insertion holes 30. Said countersunk bore can in particular form a 90° countersink of the blind bore or through bore. This permits planar termination of the screw head with the outer surface of the connector tenon.
The thickness “d” of the elevation 12 is also referred to as connection tenon height in the connector tenon. For example, the thickness “d” of the elevation 12 can lie in a range from 0.5 mm to 1 cm, in particular in a range from 1 mm to 5 mm. It corresponds to the connection tenon depth in the bore in the first wooden component 1, i.e. to the depth of the depression 13. Preferably, the connection tenon height or the height of the connection tenon for ensuring planar connection of the inner face of the connector tenon 3 to the first wooden component 1 is smaller than the connection tenon depth in the bore of the first wooden component 1. This serves for defining the force-transmitting surface of the connection tenon and for reducing the risk of tilting in the case of torque transmission.
The thickness “D” of the tenon 3 without the thickness “d” of the elevation 12 is also referred to as connector tenon thickness and indicates the thickness of the connector tenon 3. The setting of said thickness of the tenon 3 serves for defining the force-transmitting threading surface of the connector tenon. It corresponds to the increase in the side face or the anchoring depth in the second wooden component 2 to be connected.
The flank angle α, indicated in FIG. 2 , of the front end face 7 of the tenon 3 can be for example between 5° and 45°, in particular between 10° and 30°. This flank angle α represents a specification of the inclination of the side face and of the threading surface. This influences the strength of the dovetail milling pocket and forms a basis for the effect of the contraction between the first wooden component 1 and the second wooden component 2 during the setting operation.
The cone angle γ, likewise shown in FIG. 2 , from the side face of the tenon 3 corresponds to a lateral inclination specification of the connector tenon 3. The cone angle γ fulfils the function of a centering clamping effect during the threading of the connector tenon 3.
A horizontal lower connecting tenon face is illustrated by reference symbol 70 in FIG. 2 . This corresponds to a contact area between the connection tenon, i.e. the elevation 12, and the bore of the first wooden component 1, i.e. the depression 13, in the assembled state. The horizontal lower connecting tenon face 70 fulfils the function of a stop face for positioning. In the case of a rectangular configuration of the connection tenon, the faces function as an anti-rotation means during the fastening operation with wood screws.
The horizontal upper connecting tenon face illustrated by reference symbol 72 in FIG. 2 represents a further contact area between the connection tenon, i.e. the elevation 12, and the bore of the first wooden component 1, i.e. the depression 13, of the first wooden component 1. It assumes the function of a force-transmitting face in the case of perpendicular forces from the second wooden component 2 via the threading surface and via the upper contact area of the connection tenon into the first wooden component 1.
The tenon 3 illustrated in FIG. 2 is configured as a wedge-shaped connector tenon with a round threading surface. Owing to the cone angle of the side face, a conically tapering main body of the connector tenon with a round threading surface and end face is predefined for easier centering in the clamping region.
Furthermore, in FIG. 2 , the threading surface is of round design, i.e. the front end face 7 is rounded. In other words, the lower region or the end face 7 of the connector tenon 3 is configured for insertion of the connector tenon 3 into the clamping region of the dovetail pocket and is rounded for easier threading. This fulfils the function of centering insertion of the connector tenon 3. In the described configuration, a force transmission surface is formed during the transmission of lifting vertical forces from the second wooden component 2 to the first wooden component 1.
FIG. 3 shows an arrangement with tenon 3 and releasable connection 15 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view and a side view. According to FIG. 3 , two rectangular connecting tenons of different size are provided.
The tenon 3 according to FIG. 3 differs from the tenon 3 according to FIG. 2 in particular in that, according to FIG. 3 , the two elevations 12 on the connection surface 10 have areas of different size. It can be seen in the plan view of the tenon 3 according to FIG. 3 that the latter tapers in the insertion direction. Correspondingly to this, the area of the elevation 12 on the front end face 7 of the tenon 3 in the insertion direction is smaller than the area of the elevation 12 on the rear end face 8 of the tenon 3 in the insertion direction.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 , the sizes of the elevations 12 on the tenon 3 are therefore different. In other words, geometric size differences between two elevations 12 on the tenon 3 are provided. This fulfils the function that, as a result, the installation direction of the connector tenon 3 is predefined in the case of a different configuration of the size of the connection tenon or of the elevation 12. This makes the use of the tenon 3 intuitive for a user and prevents incorrect use.
FIG. 4 shows an arrangement with tenon 3 and releasable connection 15 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view and a side view. FIG. 4 shows a blunt tenon 3 with a horizontal abutting edge.
The tenon 3 according to FIG. 4 differs from the tenon 3 according to FIG. 3 in particular in that, according to FIG. 4 , the elevations 12 are round, more precisely circular. Furthermore, according to FIG. 4 , the front end face 7 is not rounded, but rather delimited by a rectilinear contour section. As a result, the tenon 3 passes deeper into the pocket or groove 4, such that the contact area can be increased and the connection can thereby be stabilized.
According to FIG. 4 , a straight horizontal threading surface in the form of a straight horizontal front end face 7 is provided. Such a horizontal end face or threading surface at an angle of 90° fulfils the function of a force-transmitting face in the case of vertical force transmissions between the second wooden component 2 and the first wooden component 1. In the embodiment of FIG. 4 , a conical connector tenon 3 with a straight horizontal threading surface is thus provided. Owing to the cone angle of the side face, a conically tapering main body of the connector tenon 3 with a blunt threading surface and end face is combined for particularly high vertical force transmissions.
FIG. 5 shows an adapter part 54 configured as an adapter plate for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a top view and a side view.
The illustrated adapter part 54 is inserted into a recess or cutout of a second wooden component 2 (not illustrated) and fastened there. The adapter part 54 is preferably produced from metal or plastic and can therefore be configured with a high load-bearing capacity. However, the adapter part 54 can also be produced from wood, veneer wood, etc. According to FIG. 5 , two arms 82 of the adapter part 54 laterally delimit the pocket or groove 4 with the insertion region 5 and the holding region 6 when the adapter part 54 is inserted into the cutout of the second wooden component 2. As is likewise illustrated in FIG. 5 , the plate-shaped adapter part 54 has a plurality of insertion holes 56 (four pieces in the illustrated exemplary embodiment) for leading through fastening elements (for example screws, threaded rods, nails or pins) for fastening the adapter part 54 to the second wooden component 2. Alternatively or additionally for fastening by means of the fastening elements mentioned, the adapter part 54 can also be fastened to the second wooden component 2 by means of an adhesive fastening. Corresponding adhesive can either be applied by a user or be provided as an adhesive depot on the adapter part 54 and/or on the second wooden component 2.
Clearly, the plate-shaped adapter part 54 is a fitting, a suspension plate or a reinforcement for providing a high-strength connection in combination with connectors or fastening elements with vertical or with obliquely positioned screws or the like. If the adapter part 54 is mounted on the second wooden component 2, a dovetail pocket consisting of insertion pocket and clamping region can be obtained. Thus, a simple milled pocket or another cutout or recess can be inserted in the second wooden component 2 to be connected in order to produce a clamping connection. Clearly, the adapter part 54 in the exemplary embodiment illustrated forms a counterplate for the connector tenon 3. Thus, a dovetail milling pocket which can be fixed on the second wooden component 2 and is composed of highly compacted material can be provided. This brings about an increase in the tensile load-bearing capacity between the first wooden component 1 and the second wooden component 2 owing to the increase in the material strengths in the milled edge region of the clamping region.
The use of a separate adapter part 54 for defining the pocket or groove 4, which can otherwise have the features described above, is advantageous particularly when the second wooden component has softwood. The counterplate in the form of the adapter part 54 can then be inserted into a milled cutout in the softwood and adhesively bonded there, such that a reliable connection can also be formed in the case of a second wooden component 2 composed of softwood.
FIG. 5 a shows another adapter part 54 configured as an adapter plate for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a top view and a side view.
Whereas, according to FIG. 5 , the cutout of the adapter part 54 extends as far as an edge of the adapter part 54, such that an associated tenon 3 can be pushed into the latter from the edge of the adapter part 54, according to FIG. 5 a , the cutout for forming the pocket or groove 4 in the adapter part 54 is configured as an internal cutout or island-shaped cutout which is enclosed and delimited over the entire circumference by material of the adapter part 54. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the cutout of the adapter part 54 has a rectangular section into which the tenon 3 can be inserted. Adjacent to the rectangular section, the cutout of the adapter part 54 has a tapering section, wherein a tenon 3 inserted into the rectangular section can be pushed forward into the tapering section and can thereby be held or fixed on the adapter part 54 and on the second wooden component 2. It is possible to design the cutout as a milled pocket.
More generally, the cutout of the adapter part 54 according to FIG. 5 a is configured with a threading region or insertion region 5 (the rectangular section in the exemplary embodiment) for threading the connector tenon 3 into the second wooden component 2. Furthermore, the cutout of the adapter part 54 has a clamping region as holding region 6 for pulling the second wooden component 2 onto the first wooden component 1 and for creating play-free contact between connector tenon 3 and clamping region.
FIG. 6 shows an arrangement with a tenon 3 (also referred to as connector tenon) and a releasable connection 15 for the adapter plate 54 according to FIG. 5 (or for that according to FIG. 5 a ) in a top view and a side view. FIG. 6 shows a releasable connection at a 90° angle to the component to be connected.
As described with reference to FIG. 5 , in a state connected to the first wooden component 1 by means of the releasable connection 15, the tenon 3 can be threaded into the cutout of the adapter part 54 in the second wooden component 2 and clamped or held firmly by displacement. As a result of the adaptability of the adapter part 54 from wood material, metal or plastic, the strength and reliability of the connection between the wooden components 1, 2 can be further improved by means of the tenon 3 and the adapter part 54. In the embodiment according to FIG. 6 , no elevations 12 or connection tenons or external springs are provided, but these can be implemented in other exemplary embodiments.
As an alternative to the provision of an adapter part 54 for insertion into a cutout of the second wooden component 2, as described with reference to FIG. 5 , FIG. 5 a , it is also possible to form the pocket or groove 4 for inserting the tenon 3 directly in the second wooden component 2. The pocket or groove 4 can then be delimited exclusively by a wooden surface of the second wooden component 2. The tenon 3 according to FIG. 6 can also be inserted into such a pocket or groove 4 which is produced integrally in the second wooden component 2, for example by means of milling wood.
FIG. 7 shows an arrangement with tenon 3 and releasable connection 15 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view and a side view. FIG. 7 represents a releasable connection with an oblique connection means arrangement.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 7 , two insertion holes 30 in the tenon 3 are oriented obliquely with respect to the connection surface 10 and obliquely with respect to the end face 11, wherein the connection surface 10 and the end face 11 are parallel to one another. Correspondingly, two releasable connections 15 are configured by means of screws which extend through the respective oblique insertion hole 30 and thus through the entire tenon 3 and into the first wooden component 1. The two screws extend parallel to one another through the two insertion holes 30. In other embodiments, however, different angles can also be provided and the directions of extent can therefore not be formed parallel to one another. The oblique implementation of the respective releasable connection 15 with respect to the connection surfaces between the wooden components 1, 2 increases the pull-out force of the tenon 3 and thus the protection against undesired release from the first wooden component 1. As shown, each of the insertion holes 30 also extends obliquely through the respectively associated elevation 12 and an associated screw obliquely into the first wooden component 1. A respective obliquely mounted releasable connection 15 thus extends not only through the main body of the tenon 3, but also through the elevation 12, which is connected in one piece thereto, into the first wooden component 1. In this way, reliable assembly of the tenon 3 on the first wooden component 1 can be ensured and a high pull-out force against undesired release can be achieved.
As shown in FIG. 7 , an acute angle β is formed between a running direction 32 of the respective insertion hole 30 in the tenon 3, on the one hand, and a normal 36 of the connection surface 10 and a normal 34 of the end face 11, on the other hand. Clearly, the angle β which is different from zero leads to a decomposition of the force components into a horizontal and into a vertical component. An angle β of 45° is particularly preferred, wherein the angle β can lie more generally in a range from 15° to 75°.
Clearly, the embodiment according to FIG. 7 provides inclined screws or an inclined screw channel on the tenon 3. An inclination of the screw channel for forming the releasable connection 15 can thus be implemented. The angle of inclination β is 45°, for example. The screw channels in the form of the insertion holes 30 can be inclined parallel to one another, in opposite directions or at 90° and 45° with respect to one another.
The oblique screw channels according to FIG. 7 advantageously lead to an increase in the tensile load-bearing capacity of the screw connection by avoiding a fiber-parallel screw connection in the first wooden component 1. The embodiment of FIG. 7 enables a better transmission of tensile forces and compressive forces.
FIG. 8 shows a tenon 3 between two wooden components 1, 2 of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view. FIG. 8 shows an embodiment with a double pocket. FIG. 8 shows a groove or milled pocket region with an exemplary M-shaped configuration of the underfloor.
According to FIG. 8 , the pocket or groove 4 of the second wooden component 2 (or alternatively of an adapter part 54, cf. FIG. 5 , FIG. 5 a ) has an uneven base face 18. The base face 18 is provided with two planar base face portions 58, 60 which are inclined with respect to one another. In contrast to this, according to FIG. 8 , the end face 11 of the tenon 3 is planar. The pocket or groove 4 also has mutually opposite side faces 9 which are inclined relative to one another and which open into the uneven base face 18. The uneven base face 18 is configured such that it is elevated in a central section in relation to a peripheral section.
The described embodiment of FIG. 8 clearly provides a milled pocket for the oblique suspension of the elements. For this purpose, a dovetail pocket 4 with a double-inclined base face 18 is provided which, owing to its appearance, can be referred to as an M pocket in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 . FIG. 8 therefore relates to the configuration of the insertion pocket and of the clamping region by a mutually inclined or M-shaped base face 18. This advantageously brings about an enlargement of the run-in region or of the oblique (i.e. non-rectangular) feed of the connector tenon 3 in order to facilitate assembly of the wooden components 1 and 2 to be connected.
In order to improve a non-rectangular suspension of the first wooden component 1 provided with the tenon 3, the base region of the pocket or groove 4 in the second wooden component 2 to be connected (or in a separate adapter part 54, not shown in FIG. 8 ) can be of M-shaped configuration, as illustrated in FIG. 8 .
Exemplary embodiments of a second wooden component 2 with a pocket or groove 4 are described below with reference to FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 , FIG. 15 , which exemplary embodiments have a geometry with which tearing out in a milled pocket can be reliably prevented. The undercuts illustrated therefore permit an increased holding force to be achieved between the wooden components 1, 2 and the tenon 3. The exemplary embodiments of the second wooden component 2 with the pocket or groove 4 according to FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 , FIG. 15 can be combined with the tenons 3 described above with reference to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 and/or with the tenons described below with reference to FIG. 16 , FIG. 17 , FIG. 18 , FIG. 19 , FIG. 20 , FIG. 21 , FIG. 22 , FIG. 23 , FIG. 24 , FIG. 25 , FIG. 26 , FIG. 27 , FIG. 28 , FIG. 29 .
FIG. 9 shows a second wooden component 2 with a pocket or groove 4 for a tenon 3 on a first wooden component 1 (not shown) of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view. FIG. 9 shows a groove or milled pocket region with an exemplary straight configuration of the underfloor for a connector tenon with a conical cross section.
In this embodiment, the pocket or groove 4 is trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view. The associated tenon 3, not illustrated, can also be trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view. In combination with the trapezoidal pocket or groove 4 of the second wooden component 2, a positive dovetail connection between the two wooden components 1, 2 can thereby be brought about by means of the tenon 3. This embodiment is distinguished by a high holding force.
FIG. 10 shows a second wooden component 2 with a pocket or groove 4 for a tenon 3 on a first wooden component 1 (not shown) of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view. FIG. 10 shows the exemplary cross section of the groove region for a connection tenon with a conical cross section and rounded connector edges.
The embodiment according to FIG. 10 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 9 in that, according to FIG. 10 , the pocket or groove 4 has inner side faces 16 which are inclined with respect to one another in the cross-sectional view and merge into an inner base face 18 via inner roundings 38. It is possible for the tenon 3 (not shown) to have outer side faces 9 which are inclined with respect to one another in a corresponding manner in a cross-sectional view and merge into the outer end face 11 via outer roundings 38. When forming the connection using the roundings 38 according to FIG. 10 , advantageous properties with regard to the notch stress arise.
FIG. 11 shows a second wooden component 2 with a pocket or groove 4 for a tenon 3 on a first wooden component 1 (not shown) of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view. FIG. 11 shows a groove or milled pocket region with an exemplary bent side edge for a connector tenon with a bent conical cross section.
The embodiment according to FIG. 11 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 9 in that, according to FIG. 11 , the pocket or groove 4 has inner side faces 16 which are, in the cross-sectional view, inclined with respect to one another and bend in on itself, and merge into an inner base face 18 via a respective edge 84. Correspondingly, the tenon 3 (not shown in FIG. 11 ) can have outer side faces 9 which are, in a cross-sectional view, inclined with respect to one another and bend in on itself, and merge into the outer end face 11 via an edge 40. With this embodiment, a double form fit is made possible owing to the side face sections on this side and beyond the edge 40, which further increases the reliability of the connection between the wooden components 1, 2.
FIG. 12 shows a second wooden component 2 with a pocket or groove 4 for a tenon 3 on a first wooden component 1 (not shown) of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view. FIG. 12 shows a groove or milled pocket region with an exemplary straight configuration of the underfloor for a connector tenon with a conical cross section, the outer connection region of which is reinforced by an additional material.
The embodiment according to FIG. 12 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 9 in that, according to FIG. 12 , the second wooden component 2 has a reinforcing collar 42 on the connection face side, which can be produced, for example, from metal or plastic. The reinforcing collar 42, in the assembled state, preferably bears directly against the first wooden component 1 and reinforces the connection between the wooden components 1, 2. In particular in the case of the connection of thin plates, this embodiment provides a further increased strength if, for example, the reinforcing collar 42 is adhesively bonded to the first wooden component 1 and/or fastened by means of a screw connection.
FIG. 13 shows a second wooden component 2 with a pocket or groove 4 for a tenon 3 on a first wooden component 1 (not shown) of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view. FIG. 13 shows a groove or milled pocket region with a stepped configuration of the side edge for a corresponding connector tenon.
The embodiment according to FIG. 13 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 9 in that, according to FIG. 13 , the pocket or groove 4 has inner side faces 16 which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and have steps 44. Correspondingly, the tenon 3 can have outer side faces 9 which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and have steps 44. The steps 44 can be circumferential. In general, at least two, at least three or at least four steps can be provided. As a result, a toothing or a wave-shaped connection with particular strength can be provided.
FIG. 14 shows a second wooden component 2 with a pocket or groove 4 for a tenon 3 on a first wooden component 1 (not shown) of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view. FIG. 14 shows a groove or milled pocket region with an exemplary straight configuration of the underfloor for a connector tenon with a conical cross section. Adhesive regions can be integrated in the side edges of the connector or of the pocket.
The embodiment according to FIG. 14 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 9 in that, according to FIG. 14 , an adhesive structure 46 is formed on or in the inclined inner side faces 16 of the second wooden component 2 for forming the pocket or groove 4. The adhesive structure 46 can form an adhesive depot in order to additionally fix the inclined inner side faces 16 to corresponding outer side faces 9 of the tenon 3 by means of adhesive bonding.
FIG. 15 shows a second wooden component 2 with a pocket or groove 4 for a tenon 3 on a first wooden component 1 (not shown) of a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view. FIG. 15 shows a groove or milled pocket region with a double configuration of the side edge for a connector tenon with a double conical cross section. A corresponding connector tenon can be two-part, for example.
The embodiment according to FIG. 15 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 9 in that, according to FIG. 15 , the pocket or groove 4 is double-trapezoidal in the cross-sectional view. In a corresponding manner, the associated tenon 3, not illustrated, can likewise be double-trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view. The double dovetail connection generated thereby makes the reliability of the coupling of the two wooden components 1, 2 by means of the tenon 3 even more reliable.
FIG. 16 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view (top), a three-dimensional view (middle) and a cross-sectional view (bottom). FIG. 16 shows a connector tenon with a chamfered upper connector edge.
In this embodiment, the tenon 3 is trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view. In combination with a trapezoidal pocket or groove 4 of a second wooden component 2, a positive dovetail connection between the two wooden components 1, 2 can thereby be brought about by means of the tenon 3. This embodiment is distinguished by a high holding force.
The tenon 3 according to FIG. 16 is in the form of a truncated cone with a disk-shaped depression 12 adjoining the connection surface 10. On the end face 11, the tenon 3 has a circumferential chamfer 76 in order to avoid sharp edges. A single through bore 30 with a shaping which is complementary to a countersunk head screw for forming a releasable connection 15 with a first wooden component 1 extends through the tenon 3. The insertion hole 30 has a cylindrical section for receiving a screw shank and an adjoining truncated-cone-shaped end section for receiving a truncated-cone-shaped screw head. Alternatively, a radially widened further cylindrical section for receiving a cylindrical or disk-shaped screw head (not shown) can adjoin the cylindrical section for receiving a screw shank. For example, the tenon 3 according to FIG. 16 can be formed from wood or wood material, alternatively from plastic and/or metal.
The chamfer 76 on the upper connector edge also serves as cut protection during screwing of the circular connector, which can co-rotate during screwing.
FIG. 17 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view. FIG. 17 shows a connector tenon with a rounded upper connector edge.
The embodiment according to FIG. 17 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 16 in that, according to FIG. 17 , the tenon 3 has side faces 9 which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and merge into the end face 11 via roundings 38. When forming the connection using the roundings 38 according to FIG. 17 , advantageous properties with regard to the notch stress arise.
The embodiment according to FIG. 17 thus differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 16 in that, according to FIG. 17 , the tenon 3 has a rounding 38 between the inclined side walls 9 and the end face 11. A rounded outer edge of the connector tenon 3 is thus provided according to FIG. 17 . The rounded edge between the side faces 9 and the outer or end face 11 of the connector tenon 3 fulfils the function that, as a result of avoiding mechanical stress peaks in the region of the base face and of the side face, the configuration of the clamping region in the dovetail connector leads to an increase in load-bearing capacity of the connection, in particular in the case of horizontal loads.
The greater rounding of the edge of the tenon 3 and consequently the rounding of the inner edge of the milled pocket leads to a reduction in the notch stress in the milled pocket. Consequently, the material strength in the edge region of the milled pocket increases. A risk of breakage of the milled pocket is reduced.
FIG. 18 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view. FIG. 18 shows a tenon with a sharply cut connector edge.
The embodiment according to FIG. 18 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 16 in that, according to FIG. 18 , no chamfer 76 is provided between the end face 11 and the inclined side faces 9, but a sharp edge.
FIG. 19 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view. FIG. 19 shows a connector tenon with a double conical side edge.
The embodiment according to FIG. 19 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 18 in that, according to FIG. 19 , the tenon 3 is double-trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view. The double dovetail connection generated thereby makes the reliability of the coupling of the two wooden components 1, 2 by means of the tenon 3 even more reliable.
The embodiment according to FIG. 19 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 18 in that, according to FIG. 19 , the tenon 3 comprises two coaxial truncated cones (or alternatively multi-part truncated cones) which are arranged one above the other and connected to one another in one piece, wherein the elevation 12 adjoins the lower truncated cone. An undercut 80 which improves the reliability of the fastening is formed between the two truncated cones. The embodiment according to FIG. 19 has a double depression or comprises a double tenon.
FIG. 20 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view. FIG. 20 shows a connector tenon with a stepped side edge.
The embodiment according to FIG. 20 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 18 in that, according to FIG. 20 , the tenon 3 has side faces 9 which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and have steps 44. Clearly, the tenon 3 according to FIG. 20 has a multiply stepped truncated cone shape. The steps 44 can be of circumferential design. In general, at least two, at least three or at least four steps can be provided. As a result, a toothing or a wave-shaped connection with particular strength can be provided.
The embodiment according to FIG. 20 thus differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 18 in that, according to FIG. 20 , a plurality of steps 44 are formed between a plurality of cylinder sections of the tenon 3 with different outer radii, on which steps the outer surface of the tenon 3 is stepped inwards from the end face 11 in the direction of the connection surface 10. A stepped side face 9 of the connector tenon 3 is thus formed according to FIG. 20 . This brings about an increase in the tensile load-bearing capacity between the wooden components 1 and 2 by offsetting the forces to be transmitted. The embodiment according to FIG. 20 has a plurality of wooden steps.
FIG. 21 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view. FIG. 21 shows a connector tenon with a bent side face.
The embodiment according to FIG. 21 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 18 in that, according to FIG. 21 , the tenon 3 has side faces 9 which are, in a cross-sectional view, inclined with respect to one another and bend in on itself, and whose side face sections which are inclined with respect to one another merge into one another via an edge 40. With this embodiment, a double form fit is made possible owing to the side face sections on this side and beyond the edge 40, which further increases the reliability of the connection between the wooden components 1, 2.
The embodiment according to FIG. 21 thus differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 18 in that, according to FIG. 21 , an edge 40 is formed between two truncated cone sections of the tenon 3, on which edge the outer surface of the tenon 3 tapers from the end face 11 in the direction of the connection surface 10. The bent side face of the connector tenon 3 leads to a continuous side face 9 with two different flank angles. The function of this measure can be seen in an increase in the material thickness in the side face of the clamping region in the dovetail pocket. As a result, higher overall tensile load-bearing capacities between the two wooden components 1, 2 can be made possible. The embodiment according to FIG. 21 has bent edges.
FIG. 22 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view. FIG. 22 shows a connector tenon with a nine-fold screw connection. This advantageously avoids a fiber-parallel screw connection.
The embodiment according to FIG. 22 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 16 in that, according to FIG. 22 , a plurality of insertion holes 30 through the tenon 3 are provided which have directions of extent which are different relative to one another and therefore enclose with one another in each case an angle which is different from 0° and from 90°. In particular, at least two, preferably at least three, insertion holes 30 can be provided, wherein each pair of two insertion holes 30 has directions of extent which are oblique with respect to one another. An angle between directions of extent of two insertion holes 30 can lie for each pair of two insertion holes 30 in a range from 10° to 80°, in particular in a range from 20° to 70° or from 30° to 60°. A fastening element, such as, for example, a screw, a nail or a pin, can be led through into each insertion hole 30 in order to bring about the fastening of the tenon 3 to a first wooden component 1. The risk of undesired pulling of the tenon 3 out of the first wooden component 1 can be significantly reduced by a plurality of fastening elements in a plurality of through-holes 30 which are oriented obliquely with respect to one another. The embodiment according to FIG. 22 has a plurality of fastening screws which are inclined with respect to one another, which increases the tensile force.
For example, the screws which are positioned obliquely with respect to one another or other fastening elements and, in a corresponding manner, the insertion holes 30 themselves can be arranged in a circular manner, as illustrated in FIG. 22 .
In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 22 , the tenon 3 can be produced for example on the basis of a synthetic resin plate.
FIG. 23 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view. FIG. 23 shows a connector tenon with a seven-fold connection (six-fold oblique screw connection and central 90° fixing screw). This advantageously avoids a fiber-parallel screw connection.
The embodiment according to FIG. 23 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 22 in that, according to FIG. 23 , the insertion holes 30 which are oriented obliquely with respect to one another are arranged in a different manner than according to FIG. 22 . According to FIG. 23 , an internal multiple screw connection is realized from circularly arranged insertion holes 30 and associated fastening elements.
The circular arrangement of the screw channels and screws according to FIG. 23 has the function of increasing the tensile shear load-bearing capacity between connector tenon and screw-in base.
FIG. 24 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view, a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view. FIG. 24 shows a connector tenon with a five-fold connection (four-fold oblique screw connection and central 90° fixing screw, which can also be achieved if the oblique screws have already been placed). This advantageously avoids a fiber-parallel screw connection.
The embodiment according to FIG. 24 differs from the embodiments according to FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 in that, according to FIG. 24 , the insertion holes 30 which are oriented obliquely with respect to one another are arranged in a different manner than according to FIG. 22 , FIG. 23 . According to FIG. 24 , a centrally arranged fixing screw is provided. Central placement of the screw takes place at an angle of 90°. FIG. 24 fulfils the function of initial fixing of the connector tenon 3. Further screw connections can follow.
FIG. 25 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view. FIG. 25 shows a connector tenon with a shield-shaped geometry. A tip for centering with very long side edges can be combined therewith.
The embodiment according to FIG. 25 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 in particular in that, according to FIG. 25 , the tenon 3 is shield-shaped in a plan view. According to FIG. 25 , the inclined side faces 9, 9 thus run towards one another in a curved manner and unite at a pointed edge on the front end face 7.
FIG. 26 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view. The triangular shape according to FIG. 26 provides a centering shape with a very small tenon height, since an obtuse angle is provided on the front side.
The embodiment according to FIG. 26 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 25 in particular in that, according to FIG. 26 , the tenon 3 is triangular in a plan view. According to FIG. 26 , the inclined side faces 9 thus run towards one another in a straight line and meet at a pointed edge on the front end face 7. A triangular connector tenon 3 is thus formed according to FIG. 26 . Such a connector tenon 3 with a triangular centering threading surface fulfils the function that, owing to the pointed threading surface, a smaller threading pocket in the second wooden component 2 is sufficient.
FIG. 27 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view. FIG. 27 shows a substantially T-shaped connector tenon. In the latter, a long tip ensures slow centering. Horizontal surfaces bring about a contraction effect and vertical force transmission. A vertical short face functions for reducing the rotation.
The embodiment according to FIG. 27 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 26 in particular in that, according to FIG. 27 , the tenon 3 has a triangular section 50 (for example similar to that in FIG. 26 ) in a plan view and additionally an adjoining rear widened, for example rectangular, section 52. Clearly, according to FIG. 27 , a substantially T-shaped connector tenon 3 with a centering tip can be provided. Such a connector tenon 3 with horizontal contact areas and centering threading surface fulfils the function of force transmission by way of horizontal contact areas and pointed threading surface for achieving high force transmission and a small threading pocket in the second wooden component 2. The embodiment according to FIG. 27 shows a narrow and long triangular section 50, to which a face-enlarging section 52 is connected.
FIG. 28 shows an arrangement with tenon 3 and releasable connection 15 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a plan view and a side view, wherein the tenon 3 has a friction-increasing structure 62. FIG. 29 shows an example of such a friction-increasing structure 62 for the tenon 3 according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 28 shows a connector tenon with an inner friction surface (cf. also FIG. 29 ) and releasable connection. For example, the friction surface (i.e. the friction-increasing structure 62 described below) can be milled in or can be applied by means of an additive (for example a metal plate).
The embodiment according to FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 in particular in that, according to FIG. 28 , the tenon 3 has said friction-increasing structure 62 on the connection surface 10 and/or on the end face 11. The friction-increasing structure 62 can be a physical structure which has a locally increased coefficient of friction in comparison with its surroundings. For example, the friction-increasing structure 62 can be a friction plate. As a result, the tenon 3 bears with a higher static friction against the first wooden component 1 and/or against the second wooden component 2. The increased static friction between the tenon 3, the first wooden component 1 and the second wooden component 2 as a result of the friction-increasing structure 62 can make an undesired displacement of said constituents relative to one another more difficult. A relative displacement relative to one another therefore takes place only in the case of increased load-bearing loads—in comparison with a wooden connection without a friction-increasing structure 62. The roughness of the respective connection pair surfaces can be increased by means of the friction plate or another friction-increasing structure 62.
As a result of the provision of at least one friction-increasing structure 62 on the tenon 3, the shear load-bearing capacity can be increased by means of friction. Such a friction-increasing structure 62 can be obtained if milling is carried out in a planar manner on the connector side. For example, instead of being planar, the inner face can also be configured with a pyramid structure or a horizontal triangle line.
FIG. 30 shows an adapter part 54 attached to a second wooden component 2 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a side view. Furthermore, FIG. 30 shows a tenon 3 attached to a first wooden component 1 for the adapter part 54 in a side view. For the connection, the tenon 3 can be inserted into the pocket or groove 4 of the adapter part 54. As a result of the separate provision of the adapter part 54 from the wooden component of the second wooden component 2, it is also possible to produce the adapter part 54 from a material which differs from the remaining second wooden component 2 and/or from the tenon 3, for example from metal and/or plastic.
FIG. 31 shows in a plan view the adapter part 54 according to FIG. 30 and an optional spacer plate 54′ for optional arrangement between the adapter part 54 and the remaining second wooden component 2 according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. The adapter part 54 can also be referred to as a counterplate. According to FIG. 31 , it is possible to fasten the adapter part 54 to the remaining second wooden component 2 directly or indirectly via the further spacer plate 54′, for example via a releasable or plug-in connection.
FIG. 32 shows a tenon 3 for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure in a cross-sectional view. The construction of the tenon 3 can correspond to that according to FIG. 16 , wherein, according to FIG. 32 , the tenon 3 is inserted into a first wooden component 1. A wide variety of material combinations are possible. For example, the tenon 3 can have wood, a wood material, a metal, cast metal and/or a synthetic resin. The elevation 12 can be produced for example from a metal and/or a synthetic resin. The first wooden component 1 can have wood or a wood material, in particular provided with synthetic resin (for example in the case of an embodiment with veneer laminated wood). It is possible for tenon 3 and elevation 12 to be produced from different materials or from identical materials. In both cases, materials of tenon 3 or elevation 12 can be different or identical with respect to materials of the first wooden component 1. In order to increase the load-bearing capacity or compressive strength, the elevation 12, also referred to as a connection tenon, can be produced from a different material than the tenon 3, also referred to as a connector tenon. The connector composed of tenon 3 and elevation 12 can be of one-part or two-part design.
FIG. 33 shows a plan view of a tenon 3 with a multiplicity of elevations 12 on a connection surface 10. It is thus also possible to provide more than two elevations 12 on a tenon 3. The plurality of elevations 12 can also extend in different directions, for example protrude in a raised manner longitudinally and transversely over the connection surface 10. According to FIG. 33 , a first plurality of elevations 12 extends along an insertion direction into a pocket or groove 4 of a second wooden component 2. In addition, a second plurality of elevations 12 extends transversely with respect to the insertion direction into a pocket or groove 4.
FIG. 34 and FIG. 35 show different configurations of a tenon 3 with an elevation 12 in an associated positioning hole in the form of a depression 13 of a first wooden component 1 according to exemplary embodiments of the disclosure. FIG. 36 shows a tenon 3 without an elevation 12, the end section 12′ of which is inserted directly into a positioning hole in the form of a depression 13 of a first wooden component 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
According to FIG. 34 , the elevation 12 is reduced in size with respect to the tenon 3 transversely with respect to an insertion direction into the first wooden component 1. At the transition to the first wooden component 1, the tenon 3 together with the elevation 12 is thus stepped. The connection surface 10 of the tenon 3 can bear against an outer surface of the first wooden component 1. The elevation 12 is thus reduced in size laterally with respect to the tenon 3 and is inserted into the depression 13 of the first wooden component 1 without a tenon 3.
According to FIG. 35 , the elevation 12 extends over an entire tenon area at the transition between tenon 3 and elevation 12. Only one edge, but not a step, is formed at a transition between tenon 3 and elevation 12.
According to FIG. 36 , an end section 12′ of a tenon 3 with inclined side areas 9 is inserted into a depression 13 of the first wooden component 1. A separate elevation 12 is not provided according to FIG. 36 . Rather, the end section 12′ of the tenon 3 is inserted as a whole into the depression 13 of the first wooden component 1. At a transition between an exterior of the first wooden component 1 and its depression 13, neither an edge nor a step is formed on the tenon 3. While, in FIG. 36 , the side faces of the depression 13 are inclined corresponding to the side faces 9 of the tenon 3, it is alternatively possible for the depression 13 to have perpendicular side faces (not shown).
In addition, it should be pointed out that “comprising” does not exclude any other elements or steps and “a” or “an” does not exclude a multiplicity. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that features or steps which have been described with reference to one of the above exemplary embodiments can also be used in combination with other features or steps of other exemplary embodiments described above. Reference symbols in the claims should not be regarded as a restriction.

Claims

1. An arrangement for a wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection for connecting rod-shaped, beam-shaped or plate-shaped wooden components, comprising:

a tenon with at least one insertion hole; and

a releasable connection which can be passed releasably through the at least one insertion hole of the tenon and can be inserted into a first wooden component;

wherein the tenon is configured to be fastened to the first wooden component at a connection surface by means of the releasable connection;

wherein the tenon is configured with an outer contour which widens from the connection surface in the direction of an opposite end face for connection to a second wooden component;

wherein the tenon is configured for insertion into an insertion region of a pocket or groove arranged on the second wooden component; and

wherein the tenon is configured for mounting in a holding region of the pocket or groove with an inner contour which is adapted to the outer contour of the tenon and widens inwards.

2. The arrangement according to claim 1, comprising at least one of the following features:

wherein at least one elevation for form-fitting engagement in at least one corresponding depression on the first wooden component is provided on the connection surface of the tenon, wherein the at least one elevation is preferably round or polygonal, wherein the at least one polygonal elevation has most preferred rounded corners, and wherein the at least one insertion hole preferably extends obliquely through the at least one elevation;

wherein the at least one insertion hole in the tenon runs perpendicularly to the connection surface and/or perpendicularly to the end face;

wherein the tenon is trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view;

wherein the at least one insertion hole of the tenon has a receptacle, in particular in the form of a truncated cone or in the form of a circular cylinder, for a screw head;

wherein the tenon is shield-shaped in a plan view;

wherein the tenon has a friction-increasing structure on the connection surface and/or on the end face.

3. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein at least two elevations, for example more than two elevations, for form-fitting engagement in at least two corresponding depressions on the first wooden component are provided on the connection surface of the tenon.

4. The arrangement according to claim 3, comprising one of the following features:

wherein the at least two elevations on the connection surface have areas of equal size;

wherein the at least two elevations on the connection surface have areas of different size.

5. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the at least one insertion hole in the tenon runs obliquely with respect to the connection surface and/or obliquely with respect to the end face.

6. The arrangement according to claim 5, wherein an angle between a running direction of the at least one insertion hole in the tenon, on the one hand, and a normal of the connection surface and/or a normal of the end face, on the other hand, lies in a range from 15° to 75°, in particular in a range from 30° to 60°.

7. The arrangement according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of insertion holes in the tenon run obliquely with respect to one another and/or obliquely with respect to the connection surface and/or obliquely with respect to the end face.

8. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the tenon has side faces which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and merge into the end face via roundings.

9. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the tenon has side faces which are, in a cross-sectional view, inclined with respect to one another and bend in on itself, and merge into the end face, in particular via an edge.

10. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the tenon has side faces which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and have steps.

11. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the tenon is double-trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view.

12. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the tenon is triangular in a plan view.

13. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the tenon has a triangular section and an adjoining rectangular section in a plan view.

14. A wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection, comprising:

an arrangement according to claim 1;

a first wooden component, to which the connection surface of the tenon is fastened or can be fastened by means of the releasable connection;

a second wooden component, to which the tenon is connected or can be connected, such that the second wooden component faces the end face of the tenon, wherein the second wooden component has a pocket or groove with an insertion region for inserting the tenon and a holding region for holding the tenon, wherein the holding region is configured with an inner contour which is adapted to the outer contour of the tenon and widens inwards.

15. The wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to claim 14, comprising at least one of the following features:

wherein the first wooden component has at least two depressions, in which at least two elevations on the connection surface of the tenon engage in a form-fitting manner;

wherein the pocket or groove is formed directly in the second wooden component, in particular is delimited exclusively by a wooden surface of the second wooden component;

wherein the pocket or groove has an uneven base face, in particular a base face with two planar base face portions which are inclined with respect to one another, wherein the pocket or groove preferably has mutually opposite side faces which are inclined relative to one another and which open into the uneven base face;

wherein the first wooden component and/or the second wooden component has a friction-increasing structure on a surface portion which faces the tenon;

wherein the second wooden component has a reinforcing collar laterally with respect to the pocket or groove;

wherein the second wooden component has an adhesive structure in the pocket or groove;

wherein the pocket or groove is trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view;

wherein the pocket or groove has inner side faces which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and merge into a base face via roundings;

wherein the pocket or groove has inner side faces which are, in a cross-sectional view, inclined with respect to one another and bend in on itself, and merge into a base face, in particular via an edge;

wherein the at least one elevation according to claim 2 is reduced in size with respect to the tenon transversely with respect to an insertion direction into the first wooden component;

wherein the at least one elevation according to claim 2 extends at least in sections over an entire tenon area at the transition between tenon and elevation;

wherein an end section of the tenon, for example of a tenon with inclined side areas, is inserted directly into a depression of the first wooden component without an additional elevation.

16. The wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to claim 14, comprising at least one of the following features:

wherein the second wooden component has an adapter part mounted thereon, which at least partially delimits the pocket or groove with the insertion region and the holding region;

wherein the second wooden component has a recess into which an adapter part, in particular an adapter plate and/or formed from metal or plastic, is inserted, wherein the adapter part at least partially delimits the pocket or groove with the insertion region and the holding region.

17. The wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to claim 16, wherein the adapter part has one or more insertion holes for leading through one or more fastening elements for fastening the adapter part to the second wooden component.

18. The wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to claim 16, wherein the adapter part is fastened to the second wooden component by means of an adhesive fastening.

19. The wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to claim 14, wherein the pocket or groove has inner side faces which are inclined with respect to one another in a cross-sectional view and have steps.

20. The wall, ceiling, facade or roof element connection according to claim 14, wherein the pocket or groove is double-trapezoidal in a cross-sectional view.