US20260009534A1

US20260009534A1 - Grate line bordering element for a combustion grate

Info

Publication number: US20260009534A1
Application number: US19/125,129
Authority: US
Inventors: Werner Brennwald
Original assignee: Kanadevia Inova AG
Current assignee: Kanadevia Inova AG
Priority date: 2022-10-26
Filing date: 2023-10-23
Publication date: 2026-01-08
Also published as: WO2024088955A1; JP2025534833A; EP4361500A1; CN120112754A; EP4609120A1

Abstract

A grate line bordering element for a combustion grate for burning waste, including a channel element and a channel covering for covering the element including at least one covering element and one termination element with a locking device; wherein the termination element has a support surface which points away from the channel element and a first engaging element which is oriented towards the covering element; the covering element has a support surface which points away from the channel element, a retaining element which is oriented towards the channel element, a second engaging element which is oriented towards the termination element and is configured to receive the first engaging element, and a cut-out which is oriented towards the termination element for receiving the locking device of the closure element; and wherein the locking device is configured in such a way that it locks the termination element releasably in the channel element.

Description

The present invention relates to a grate line bordering element for a combustion grate for incinerating waste, and to a combustion grate comprising at least one grate line bordering element of this type.
Combustion grates for the industrial incineration of waste have been known for a long time to a person skilled in the art. Combustion grates of this type can be present, for instance, in the form of thrust combustion grates which comprise movable parts, in order to carry out stoking strokes. Here, the objects to be incinerated are conveyed in the transport direction from an inlet-side end of the combustion grate toward an outlet-side end and are incinerated in the process. In order to supply the combustion grate with the oxygen required for the incineration, corresponding air feeds which lead through the combustion grate are provided, via which the air (also called primary air) is introduced.
A frequently used combustion grate is what is known as the step grate. This comprises grate blocks which are arranged next to one another and each form a grate block row. Here, the grate block rows are arranged above one another in a stair-like manner, wherein, in the case of what are known as moving grates, the front end (as viewed in the stoking direction) of a grate block lies on a supporting surface of the grate block which is adjacent (lies below it) in the transport direction and is moved on this supporting surface in the case of a corresponding stoking movement.
On account of the high temperatures during the incineration or in the combustion chamber, furthermore, the grate blocks are subjected to very pronounced thermal loading. The thermal loading promotes erosion as a result of abrasion and chemical reactions which take place on the supporting surface and further damage the supporting surface. This all ultimately leads to shortening of the service life of the grate block.
In order to reduce the thermal loading, the grate bars are normally cooled by way of a coolant or cooling fluid from below, that is to say on that side of the combustion grate which is opposite to the incineration. As a rule, water or air are used as coolant, for which reason reference is often also made to air-cooled or water-cooled grate blocks.
Since the grate lines expand on account of the thermal loading arising during the incineration, and contract again during the downtime of the moving grate of the moving grate boiler, the individual grate lines are arranged in such a way that they can expand at least on one longitudinal side. This expansion can lead to problems if parts are deformed and/or gaps arise as a result, by way of which primary air passes into the incineration chamber in an uncontrolled manner. This primary air promotes uncontrolled incineration, which further increases the thermal loading.
In the case of two-line moving grates or those grates which have grate lines arranged next to one another in multiples of a two-line model, a grate line separation means which is also called a central bar and is constructed from individual grate separation elements arranged in a stationary manner is configured centrally between the two grate lines.
DE 69105120 T2 discloses a connecting carrier which is intended to guarantee thermal expansion compensation and tightness of a space between two grate lines which are joined laterally.
WO 2018/149516 A1 discloses a grate line separation element which is configured in one part as a cast part. On account of the construction of the single-part element, the grate line separation element can absorb the lateral expansion of the grate lines only partially, as a result of which the abovementioned gaps can arise and, as a consequence, primary air can pass into the incineration chamber in an undesired manner.
It is therefore the object of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a grate line bordering element which compensates for the thermal expansion of the grate lines and therefore prevents the uncontrolled outlet of primary air into the incineration chamber.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by way of a grate block as claimed in claim 1, a combustion grate as claimed in claims 12 and 13, and an incineration system as claimed in claim 15. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.
The invention relates to a grate line bordering element for a combustion grate for incinerating waste. The grate line bordering element comprises a channel element and a channel covering for covering the channel element. Here, the channel covering comprises at least one covering element and one termination element with a locking apparatus. The termination element comprises a supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, and a first engagement element, oriented toward the covering element. The covering element comprises a supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, a retaining element, oriented toward the channel element, a second engagement element, oriented toward the termination element and configured to receive the first engagement element, and a cutout, oriented toward the termination element, for receiving the locking apparatus of the termination element. The locking apparatus is configured here in such a way that it locks the termination element releasably in the channel element.
Within the context of the invention, the term “engagement element” is understood to mean an element which engages into another element or is engaged into by another element. Accordingly, both a lug and a cutout for precisely this lug are called engagement elements, for example.
The grate line bordering element according to the invention has the advantage in comparison with the solutions from the prior art that the expansion of the grate lines is compensated for by the channel element being compressed. This leads to improved tightness of the entire construction and accordingly to less uncontrolled inflow of primary air into the incineration chamber. A construction in the sense of WO 2018/149516 A1 with a fixed cover does not lead to the same improved tightness, since the expansion of the grate lines can be compensated for less effectively on account of the lower elasticity of the “single-piece” channel element.
In one preferred embodiment of the grate line bordering element, the channel covering comprises a second covering element which is preferably of identical configuration to the first covering element.
In the case of the fastening of the channel covering, a middle course is preferably selected between the number of individual parts to be mounted and the weight of the individual parts to be mounted. In one embodiment with a homogeneous division of the covering element with respect to the termination element, either the covering elements are relatively heavy or the complexity for fixing the termination elements is elaborate. In the case of the heavy covering elements which therefore cover a greater surface area of the channel element, two installers are required who together place the covering element on the channel element. Furthermore, the complexity for fixing the termination elements is not to be underestimated either. Therefore, a sequence of two covering elements of preferably identical configuration is preferably fixed by way of one termination element, as a result of which the individual parts are lighter and can therefore be mounted simply and the number of termination elements decreases, which reduces their complexity in terms of fixing.
The first engagement element is preferably configured as a projection and the second engagement element is preferably configured as a cutout. Accordingly, the engagement elements can be configured both as a projection and as a cutout for receiving the projection. In the preferred embodiment, the covering element comprises in each case one engagement element which is configured as a cutout, and the covering element comprises an engagement element which is configured as a projection (also called a lug) is of matching configuration with respect to the cutout of the covering element. In a further preferred embodiment, the termination element comprises two engagement elements which lie opposite one another, are configured as a projection, and which engage in each case into the cutouts of the covering elements.
This construction achieves improved fixing of the channel covering in the channel element, which increases the tightness of the grate line bordering element.
In one preferred embodiment of the grate line bordering element, the channel element comprises an opening, oriented toward the channel covering, for receiving the retaining element of the covering element. Here, the opening is configured as a groove with notches, and is narrower than the width of the retaining element. The notches are of wider configuration than the width of the retaining element of the covering element.
In the context of the invention a groove with notches is understood to mean an elongate opening which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the channel element and locally has widened portions (notches) which are wider than the groove.
By means of this preferred construction, the covering elements and the termination elements can be inserted into the channel element at the location of the notches and can subsequently be pushed to the final mounting location. This construction thus makes simplified installation and dismantling of the covering elements and termination elements possible, without decreasing their sealing capability in the process.
The channel element preferably comprises a cooling fluid channel with a cooling fluid inlet opening and a cooling fluid outlet opening. As a result of the installation of a fluid channel or the use of the channel element as a fluid channel, it can be cooled, which decreases the wear of the grate line bordering element and therefore increases its useful life.
In one preferred embodiment of the grate line bordering element, the opening, oriented toward the channel covering, of the channel element extends into the fluid channel. This preferred construction makes simplified production of the individual elements possible, which reduces their price and therefore the price of the entire system.
The grate line bordering element preferably comprises a seal element which is attached laterally to the wall of the channel element. This seal element further increases the tightness of the grate and decreases the uncontrolled inflow of primary air to the incineration chamber.
The moving grates normally comprise moving and non-moving grate blocks which are arranged to form rows of moving and non-moving grate blocks. While the non-moving grate block rows compress the grate line bordering element as a result of thermal expansion, this is not the case to the same extent in the case of the moving grate block rows, since they still have to remain movable. It is therefore preferred that a seal element is attached to the grate line bordering element above the contact point of the grate blocks, and it is particularly preferably attached only above the moving grate blocks.
In one preferred embodiment of the grate line bordering element, the supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, of the covering element and the supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, of the termination element are of gabled roof-like or mansard gabled roof-like configuration, preferably with rounded edges.
Within the context of the invention, the term “gabled roof-like” is understood to mean a shape which is similar to a gabled roof; that is to say a shape, in which a roof surface slopes on both sides of a gable which is oriented in the longitudinal direction. Within the context of the invention, “mansard gabled roof-like” is understood to mean a specific shape of a gabled roof, in which the lateral roof surface which slopes from the gable does not extend as a flat plane, but rather is divided into a plurality of planes which have different inclinations.
Further preferred embodiments of the supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, of the covering element and of the termination element are a semicircular shape, an elliptical shape or a flat plane.
The stated preferred embodiments of the supporting surface proved particularly efficient during the transport and the distribution of material to be burned on the combustion grate, with the result that no material to be burned remains lying on the grate line bordering element.
The locking apparatus is preferably configured as a clamp, wherein the clamp is particularly preferably arranged between the supporting surface of the termination element and the channel element.
This preferred embodiment of the locking apparatus makes simple installation and dismantling possible, with at the same time a high stability of the fixing, with the result that the termination element can be fixed in a stable manner, but is also easy to assemble and dismantle.
The arrangement of the clamp below the supporting surface protects the clamp against direct contact with material to be burned, as a result of which it is not blocked or clogged with material to be burned and correspondingly can be assembled and dismantled easily.
In a further preferred embodiment, the locking apparatus is configured as a bolt with a securing pin, as a screw with or without a nut, or as a spreading element. All embodiments make it possible that the locking apparatus can be released with little effort, in order to remove the termination element. It is also preferred for the embodiments, in which the locking apparatus is configured as a bolt with a securing pin, as a screw with or without a nut, or as a spreading element, that the locking apparatus is arranged below the supporting surface, in order to protect the latter against direct contact with material to be burned.
In one preferred embodiment of the grate line bordering element, the supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, of the covering element and the supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, of the termination element are of pent roof-like configuration.
Within the context of the invention, the term “pent roof-like” is understood to mean a shape which is similar to a pent roof. In a pent roof, the one roof side slopes from the gable in an inclined manner at an angle between 10 and 80°, while the other opposite roof side slopes vertically or approximately vertically. This embodiment is preferred if the grate line bordering element extends along the wall of the incineration chamber.
A supporting surface of pent roof-like configuration has the advantage that material to be burned does not remain lying on the sides, preferably it does not remain lying on the side walls of the incineration chamber, as a result of which uncontrolled combustion can take place.
The locking apparatus preferably comprises a plate and a bolt which fixes the plate in the termination element. This makes simple installation and dismantling possible in the case of a grate line bordering element which is accessible only from one side, that is to say, for example, in the case of a grate line bordering element which extends along the wall of the incineration chamber.
The invention relates, furthermore, to a combustion grate comprising at least two grate lines and a grate line bordering element as described above which is arranged between the grate lines.
The combustion grate according to the invention has, as described above, the advantage that the inflow of controlled combustion air into the incineration chamber is prevented.
The invention relates, furthermore, to a combustion grate comprising at least one grate line and a grate line bordering element as described above which is arranged between the grate line and a side wall of an incineration chamber of an incineration system.
The combustion grate according to the invention has, as described above, the advantage that the inflow of controlled combustion air into the incineration chamber is prevented and no material to be burned remains lying along the side walls.
The invention relates, furthermore, to an incineration system for the thermal treatment of waste comprising one or more combustion grates as described above.
The incineration system according to the invention has, as described above, the advantage that the inflow of controlled combustion air into the incineration space is prevented, as a result of which the incineration of waste can proceed more efficiently and less maintenance has to be performed on the system.

In the following text, the invention will be explained in greater detail on the basis of some exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. If alternative embodiments differ only in terms of individual features, the same designations have been used in each case for the unchanged features. In the figures, in each case purely diagrammatically:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an incineration chamber of an incineration system,

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a combustion grate with a grate line bordering element,

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the grate line bordering element from FIG. 2 ,

FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of the grate line bordering element from FIG. 3 ,

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a channel covering,

FIG. 6 shows a bottom view of one embodiment of a covering element,

FIG. 7 shows a bottom view of one embodiment of a termination element,

FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a combustion grate with a grate line bordering element,

FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section through the combustion grate from FIG. 8 ,

FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of grate line bordering element from FIG. 8 ,

FIG. 11 shows an exploded view of the grate line bordering element from FIG. 10 , and

FIG. 12 shows a detailed view of a seal element which is attached laterally to the wall of the channel element.

The incineration chamber 1, depicted in FIG. 1 , of an incineration system comprises a side wall 3, a combustion grate 5 comprising an air-cooled grate line 7 and a water-cooled grate line 9. Furthermore, the combustion grate 5 comprises two grate line bordering elements 11, 13.
FIG. 2 shows the combustion grate 5 comprising the air-cooled grate line 7, the water-cooled grate line 9 and the grate line bordering element 11 which is arranged between the two grate lines.
FIG. 3 shows the grate line bordering element 11 comprising a channel element 15, a channel covering 17 and a seal element 19.
FIG. 4 shows the grate line bordering element 11 with a raised channel covering 17. Here, the channel covering 17 consists of two covering elements 21, 23 and a termination element 25. The channel element 15 comprises a groove 27 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the channel element 15 and has notches 29.
FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of the channel covering 17 comprising the covering elements 21, 23 and the termination element 25. The covering elements 21, 23 comprises retaining elements 31, 32 which are situated on that side of the covering elements 21, 23 which faces the channel element 15. On the side which faces away from the channel element 15, the covering elements 21, 23 have supporting surfaces 33, 35, on which the material to be burned lies. The supporting surfaces 33, 35 are of mansard gabled roof-like configuration with rounded corners in this embodiment. Furthermore, the covering elements 21, 23 have engagement elements 37, 39 which are configured here as cutouts. Here, the engagement elements 37, 39 are oriented in the direction of the termination element 25. Below the engagement elements 37, 39, the covering elements 21, 23 each have a cutout 41, 43 (wherein the cutout 43 cannot be seen in this figure in the case of the covering element 23). The cutout 41 serves to receive a locking apparatus (as will be described later). Furthermore, FIG. 5 shows a termination element 25 with a supporting surface 45 and two engagement elements 47, 49 which are configured as projections. Furthermore, the termination element 25 comprises a locking apparatus 51 which is configured as a clamp.
FIG. 6 shows a bottom view of the covering elements 21, 23 comprising the retaining elements 31, 32, the cutouts 41, 43 and the engagement element 39 (the engagement element 37 is not visible).
FIG. 7 shows a bottom view of the termination element 25 with the engagement element 47 and the locking apparatus 49.
FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of the incineration system comprising the side wall 3, the combustion grate 5 with the air-cooled grate line 7 and the grate line bordering element 13 which is arranged between the side wall 3 and the grate line 7.
FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section through the incineration system of FIG. 8 with the side wall 3, the combustion grate 5, the air-cooled grate line 7 and the grate line bordering element 13 which is arranged between the side wall 3 and the grate line 7.
FIG. 10 shows a detailed view of the grate line bordering element 13 comprising the channel element 15 with the seal element 19 attached laterally to it, and the channel covering 17 comprising the covering elements 21, 23 and the termination element 25.
FIG. 11 shows a detailed view of the channel covering 17 with the covering elements 21, 23 and the termination element 25. Here, the supporting surfaces 33, 35 of the covering elements 21, 23 are of pent roof-shaped configuration with rounded edges. The covering elements 21, 23 have the retaining elements 31, 32 on the side which faces the channel element 15. Furthermore, on the side which faces the termination element 25, the covering elements 21, 23 comprise the engagement elements 37, 39 which are configured here as cutouts. In addition, the covering elements 21, 23 comprise, furthermore, the cutouts 41, 43 (the cutout 41 is not visible) for receiving the locking apparatus 49. Furthermore, FIG. 11 shows the termination element 25 with the locking apparatus 49 which is configured here as a plate with bolts.
FIG. 12 shows a detailed view of the transition from the grate line bordering element 13 to the combustion grate 5. The channel element 15 comprises seal elements 19 which are attached laterally to the channel element 15. The seal elements 19 are attached above a row of moving grate blocks 51 which move to and fro on sliding surfaces 53 of non-moving grate blocks 55. The seal element 19 closes a joint (not shown) which arises during the contraction of the combustion grate 5 and through which primary air might pass in an uncontrolled manner into the incineration chamber.

Claims

1. A grate line bordering element for a combustion grate for incinerating waste comprising:

a channel element and

a channel covering for covering the channel element comprising at least one covering element and one termination element with a locking apparatus;

wherein the termination element has a supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, and a first engagement element, oriented toward the covering element;

wherein the covering element has a supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, a retaining element, oriented toward the channel element, a second engagement element, oriented toward the termination element and configured to receive the first engagement element, and a cutout, oriented toward the termination element, for receiving the locking apparatus of the termination element;

wherein the locking apparatus is configured in such a way that it locks the termination element releasably in the channel element.

2. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel covering comprises a second covering element which is of identical configuration to the first covering element.

3. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first engagement element is configured as a projection and the second engagement element is configured as a cutout.

4. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel element comprises an opening, oriented toward the channel covering, for receiving the retaining element of the covering element, wherein the opening is configured as a groove with notches, and

wherein the groove is of narrower configuration than the width of the retaining element, and the notches are of wider configuration than the width of the retaining element of the covering element.

5. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel element comprises a cooling fluid channel with a cooling fluid inlet opening and a cooling fluid outlet opening.

6. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 5, wherein the opening, oriented toward the channel covering, of the channel element extends into the fluid channel.

7. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grate line bordering element comprises a seal element which is attached laterally to the wall of the channel element.

8. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, of the covering element and of the termination element is of gabled roof-like or mansard gabled roof-like configuration with rounded edges.

9. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locking apparatus is configured as a clamp, wherein the clamp is arranged between the supporting surface of the termination element and the channel element.

10. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supporting surface, pointing away from the channel element, of the covering element and of the termination element is of pent roof-like configuration.

11. The grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locking apparatus comprises a plate and a bolt which fixes the plate in the termination element.

12. A combustion grate comprising at least two grate lines and a grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1 which is arranged between the grate lines.

13. A combustion grate comprising at least one grate line and a grate line bordering element as claimed in claim 1 which is arranged between the grate line and a side wall of an incineration chamber of an incineration system.

14. An incineration system for the thermal treatment of waste comprising one or more combustion grates as claimed in claim 12.