US2021174A - Typewriter - Google Patents

Description

NOV. 19, 1935. R G CLARK 2,021,174

TYPEWRITER Filed Oct. 8, .1951 s Sheets-Sheet 1' INVENTOR berl 6. Clark Nov. 19, 1935.

IIEIIIIE INVENTOR Robert 5. Clark RIG. CLARK TYPEWRITER Nov. 19, 1935.

Filed Oct. 8, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Nov. '19, 1935 UNITED STATE TYPEWRITER Robert G. Clark, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to 1 J. William Mengel, New York, N. Y.

Application October 8, 1931, Serial No. 567,597

19 Claims.

This inventionrelates to typewriters and particularly, to that type wherein the characters are carried on a type cylinder, the particular character to be printed being selected automati cally on the operation of the proper key.

My invention contemplates the provision of a comparatively simple and inexpensive typewriter comprising a minimum number of parts, in which type carrying bars are eliminated, which 10 is comparatively noiseless in its operation, which prints by pressure instead of by hammer-like blows of the type, and which is compact and readily foldable and of comparatively little weight, whereby it is ideally suited for use where 15 portable machines are required. The various objects of my invention will be clear from the description which follows, and from the drawings, in which,

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of my improved ma- 20 chine as it appears unfolded and ready for operation.

Fig. 2 is a rear view and partial vertical section of a part of the machine showing, particularly, the carriage feed or escapement, and the means for capitalizing and decapitalizing.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged top plan View similar to Fig. 1 and partly broken away of about half of my new machine.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the same in the o9 unfolded position thereof, showing the folded or collapsed position in dotted lines, and

Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 55 of Fig. 3 showing the type cylinder and part of the means for supporting and operating the same.

In general, my new machine includes a type cylinder on which is provided a'series of rows or lines of type comprising all of the necessary type characters, both upper and lower case. The desired character is selected by the depression of a key, whereby the cylinder is raised to select the proper row in which the selected character lies, the cylinder being also rotated to bring the selected character into printing position, and the entire cylinder being rocked to a very slight degree forwardly to print the character thus selected by pressure through a ribbon of the'usual type.

' The rows or lines of type characters are so designed that one-half of each row or line carries lower case characters, while the other half carries upper case characters, or characters designated on the rear half of each key. The change from upper case to lower case characters and vice versa is made by operating a capitalizing and decapitalizing key. A suitable escapement feed for the carriage is provided as Well as the usual ribbon mechanism. The parts are so supported and arranged that the key levers may be coplapsed relatively to the remainder of the machine, and so that the entire machine may be folded up into a comparatively small space to render it readily portable.

In that practical embodiment of my invention which I have illustrated by way of example, I 10 prefer to provide a foldable case for the machine,

which case is normally opened up to bring the various parts into operative position. As illustrated, the case comprises three sections hinged together. The main section H] includes the 16 bottom I l, the rear wall l2, and side walls terminating in the upper curved. edges 13. To the main section it] is hinged, as by means of the hinge H, the front section M which includes the Wall l5, which becomes when folded, part of the 20 front wall of the case, and the side walls It.

The rear portions IB of the side walls lfi are preferably offset inwardly of the remaining portions of said walls, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 3 and up to thedotted line IQ of Fig. 4, 26 whereby said portions I8 may be collapsed into .position inwardly of the side walls of the main section when the front section is swung about the hinge H. In this position, the limiting line I9 of the offset engages the curved upper edge 80 i3 of the side walls of the main section.

The entire key board is also collapsed at the same time into the dotted line position shown in Fig. 4, as will be later described in detail. To the rear wall l2 of the main section is hinged the top section 29 as at 2|. Said top section comprises the bottom wall 22 which becomes the top wall of the folded case, the wall 23 which becomes the rear wall of the folded case, and the wall 26 which becomes part of the front wall of the folded case and forming the continuation of the wall M of the front section for that purpose. It will be understood that the edge 25 is shaped to correspond to the shape of the upper edge l3 of the side walls of the main section,

and to correspond with the upper edge-26 of the carriage.

suitable'angle plate as 33 is secured to the extension 3| so as to form the groove 34 therebetween for the reception and guidance of the rear edge portion of the carriage. Similarly, the angle plate 35, secured to another extension or ear 36 of the frame forms the'groove 3i therebetween to support and guide the front edge of The platen 38 of the usual type is supported by means of the brackets 39 secured to the carriage 32, and is provided with a knob 45 for rotating the platen manually. Said brack- -ets 39 further support the feed screw 40 which is rotatably held therein, and which terminates in the disc 4! provided with a series of spaced stop pins as 42. A spring as 43 provided with a suitable recess 44, is secured to the bracket 33, one of the pins 42 at all times entering the recess 44 for preventing normally any rotation of the feed screw. However, the screw may be readily rotated in either direction by means of the knob 4| since the rounded pins leave the recess d4 of the spring when ,said knob isrotated and reengages the next one of the series of pins d2 to again retain the screw in the new position in which it is set. Manual rotation of the feed screw serves to feed the carriage in either direction,

this movement being intended to be used for short distances at a time, and to obviate the necessity for disconnecting the carriage feed from the carriage. The feed screw operates through the internally threaded sleeve 11 which'is normally held against rotation by the escapement mechanism 52, and which is prevented from moving longitudinally by means of the ears 19.

' Paper is fed on to the platen through the groove 46 between the paper'guide plate 41 and the platen, forwarding of the paper being assured as t he'paper passes between and is frictionally engaged by the paper rolls 58 and 49. The entire carriage is normally drawn toward the right inthe usual manner by means of the flat spring 50, secured to the lower end of the left bracket 39,

and coiled and placed under tension by means of the spring reel 5i pivoted to the frame of the machine Movement of the carriage under the influence of the spring 59 is, however, normally "prevented by means of a suitable escapement designated generally'by the numeral 52 and .which will later be described in detail;

As has been previously indicated, the type characters are carried on a suitable typecylinder 53 in vertically spaced rows or lines as 89, 88. Any

desired number of such rows may be provided, but I have illustrated eight, which I have found to be sufficient to carry all of the characters required. Each of the rows as 89 and 9% may contain ten or twelve characters in all. One-half of the irow, that is, through a circumference of 180",

-the upper case characters.

is adapted to select the desired character from.

contains what I will term the lower case characters, while the other half of the row contains either half of the row, but means are provided to rotate the type cylinder through so that parallel rows.

Each of the keys 55 a key will select either an upper case or a lower case character, as the case may be, depending on the initial position to which the cylinder has been shifted by the shift, or capitalizing and; decapitalizing key. It will be understood that. the cylinder is always returned to either one of two initial positions when the operatingkey is re leased, said positions being the initial position for the selection of lower case characters, wherein thefirst lower case character is in printing position, or the initial position for the selection of upper case characters, wherein the first upper case character is in printing position.

The type cylinder is capable of three different movements. One of the movements is a substantially vertical or axial movement whereby the proper row or line is selected; the second movement is that whereby the proper character in the selected row is selected by the rotation of. the type cylinder about its'axiaand the third move-- ment is that wherein the 'type cylinder is tilted bodily through a small angle about an axis at the lower end thereof toward the platen 38, whereby pressure is exerted upon the platen by the selected character through a suitable ribbon to print the character upon the paper. It will be understood that the row selecting and character selecting movements may be accomplished substantially simultaneously, if desired, or inrapid succession, as may be found convenient or desirable, and that these movements are substantially completed just before the last part of the tilting or printing movement is completed.

It will further be understood that the 'type' 7 cylinder in its initial position as indicated in .Fig. 4, is lowered to a point wherein the top of said cylinder is below the horizontal plane passing through the center of the platen, so that the printed letters on the paper are visible to the operator before and after a key is struck. 'It will 40 printing may be accomplished, and then on the 7 release of the key, thetype cylinder drops out of the way to render the printing readily visible. The ribbon 5G is normally out of the way or below said horizontal plane, but said ribbon is raised to the desired height to print through either half of the ribbon (black or red, depending on its adjustment), or the ribbon may be set to be maintained out of the way of the type for stencil printing purposes in a' manner to be later described.

A well-known standard key board is preferably provided in my new machine, said key board consisting of keys 55 preferably arranged in four connected to the type cylinder to select the row and character, as-well as to tilt the type cylinder to print the selected character by pressure. The escapement' is also operated by the key to move position on' the operation of the key; The ribbon may also be fed by well known mechanism connected to the key in a manner which is well Each of the keys is 'operatively 0 the carriage, the ribbon being raised into printing 05 1 understood, and hence need not be shown nor described:

70 Each of the keys 55 is secured to. a key lever their collapsed position.

. wheel 15.

lecting movement of-the type cylinder; It-will be :noted, TIIOWGVGI, that the key flevers' while normally in :contact with the varioussele'c'tingmechanisms are not secured thereto butlare free to be swungabout their ipivots 5T! when"t'he --machine is to be collapsediinto. its :case.

Prior to the .folding of the case, however, the front covering plate M1, which covers :and protectsthe key levers and otheroperating :mechanism, is swung about its hinge I48 into ithe do'tted (line position thereof shown in Fig. 4. 7 Then, to swing the :front section ll'4'an'd the keys and key levers into dotted .line position fon Fig. 4, the front section'need merely be iliftedgwhereby the .front wall [5 thereof engages the front pcrtions ofrsaidilevers, and swingssaid levers in a counterclockwise direction about the pivot and Sland out of contact with the various operating means.

said "means being :so disposed so as not to interferewith the type levers as they :are swung into There are preferably three operating 0r' 'cam portions :on each of the key levers, namely, the escapement operating portioncBB, which also operates the cylinder tilting frame, the cylinder row selecting .portiontl], and

- the cylinder character selecting portion 6|.

The escapement mechanismror the carriage consists of the escapement operating portion '58 of the key lever (Fig. 4) which portion is suitably shaped to swing the escapement lever B2 in a counter-clockwise direction. JSaid escapement lever terminates at its forward end in-an elongated supporting bar 63, to which is secured the universal escapement bar 94 extending across the machine. As shown in Figs. "3 and the escape- Y ment lever 62 is-pivotally mounted on the rod 65,

which is in turn supportedby a suitable'bearing arm '66 projecting from the frame of the machine. The rearwardly projecting armfi l' of the escapement lever 6-2 terminates in a suitably rounded pin 68 passing through a suitable-elongated or'doubly bevelled opening 69 in the escapement pawl 10. Said :pawl is pivoted to an upstanding ear or boss TI, extending from the frame of the machine, as by means of the screw 12. At its'upper end,= the 'escapement pawl T0 is provided with a pair of similar teeth J3 and adapted toengage the respective ratchet wheels 15 and 1E.

Said ratchet wheels are secured to the sleeve 11, which is internallythreaded to engage the external threads of the carriage teed-screw 40. The sleeve 11 is in turnmounted for rotation within the ears E 9 extending from the frame, said ears preventing longitudinal or'axial movement of the sleeve TI by reason of the insertion of the ratchet wheels in the slot 80- thereof.

' It will be seen that on thedepression of any of the keys, the key lever 55 is rotated in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. '4. "The terminal escapement operatingporti'on 58 0f the key lever serves to raise the escapement bar-63 and to rotate the escapement lever62 together with the rod '65 in a counter-clockwisedirection. The pin 68 is thereby lowered and the escapement pawl 10 rotated in a clockwise-direction as viewed in Fig. '2 into the position of Fig. 2,"wherein "the tooth T4- has been withdrawn irom the ratchet wheel 16 and the tooth 13 enters the space between thelowermost teethof the ratchet withdrawal of the tooth M and the entrance of to move the carriage slightly toward the right However, between "the-time 'of the was viewed from the back of the 'machine tor toward :the left, .as'viewed from the front of the machine, a distance equivalent substantially-to part of the space betweenprinted letters, as

on, and thereby rotating the escapement lever 10 62 so that 'the end 68 theredf moves. upwardly.

The escapement pawl is thereby :rotated" in a.

counter-clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. .2, the tooth 13 leaving the ratchet wheel 15 andzthe too'th I4 entering the ratchet wheel 16, whereby 15" theratch'et wheels are permitted to rotate under the influence of the "carriage spring 50. Rotation of the ratchet wheels causes rotation of the sleeve 11 in the stationary ears [9 and thereby advances the feed screw and the carriage longitudinally without rotation of said screw through the remainingdistance between letters.

The carriage is also similarly'moved bymeans 0f the spacing bar 8| to obtain the required space between words without printing. 'For this purpose, the space bar 8| is provided with the spacing lever-84, pivoted to the side walls [6 of the front section 14 as at 82, and is provided with a terminallyhook or extension 83 'operatively connected to the escapement operating mechanism. 80 As best shown in Figs. 3 and '4, the connection comprises thelink "85,'guided in the boss 86 proiecting from the frame -39 of the machine, and pivoted at :its upper end as at '81 to-the bent lever 88. Said lever, as will be noted from Fig. '3,

extends from both sides of the machine, being operated by similar links 85, engaged by the spacing levers '84 at each-end of the: spacing bar. The lever 88 is furthermore secured to the escape ment rod 65, whereby depression of the spacing 40 bar causes rotation of said rod "and consequent "operation of the arm-61 of' the escapement'ilever position as shown in Fig. 4 and that it is-inclined slightly rearwardly at avery small angle to just clear the ribbon 54 and the platen 38. Itwil-l furthermore be understood that the type cylinder may occupy one of two initial positions, that is, for uppercase printing, or for "lower case printing, as has been previously explained, whereby f the maximum angularrotation of the cylinder :to

select the last character of the row is less than One of the movements of the type cylinder [is that of selecting the proper row and. carrying said row into printing position, which is preferably in the horizontal plane passing through thelalxis oi the platen. The mechanism provided for this purpose includes the. row selecting portion 60' of the type lever, said portion being suitably shaped r and proportioned to swing the lever 91, which is pivoted on the rod 92 supported in the frame of the machine, through the proper distance to raise the type cylinder precisely the required amount. The lever 91! is provided with an arm I'U'I which r is perforated to receive and retain the rod 93. Said rod is preferably provided with two flat faces 94 and 95, respectively, and is arranged across the machine for engagement with the row selecting portions 60 of all of the type levers. The other arm of the'lever 9| is connected to the link 96 asat 91, the upper end 98 of said link being pivoted (Fig. 5) to the lug 99 projecting from the sliding frame I 00. Said sliding frame (Fig. 3) is provided witha pair of suitable upright grooves IOI,

into which enter the rear edges I02 of the tilting frame I03, whereby the sliding frameisguided in its movement vertically relatively tothe tilting frame. Said sliding frame I is furthermore provided'with a series. of horizontal grooves I alternating with projections I06. The grooves receiv'e the various type rows 89and 90, while the projec tions enter the grooves I04 in the type cylinder between the rows of type and thereby serve to guide the type cylinder in its rotation relatively to the sliding frame, but prevent relative longitudinal movement thereof; the projections I03 embracing the cylinder grooves I94- through .an angle of more than 180 as will be seenfrom Fig; 3.

It will be seen that on the depression of a key 55, the row selecting portion 60 of the key lever 56 engages the flat face 94 and the lower corner of the rod 93 and raises said rod, thereby rotating the lever 9| about its pivot 92 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 4, until the rearwardly extending edge of the portion 60 comes into contact with. the flat face 95, after which. further rotation of the lever BI is prevented. The link 96 is thereby raised through the lever 9| and the sliding frame I00 is also raised, carrying with it the type cylinder 53 until the proper row of the type cylinder is brought into printing position, the sliding that consequently, the" shape and dimensions of said portion 60 differ on many of the key levers.

The type cylinder 53 is made hollow, as shown in Fig. 5, and is guided by a suitable sleeve I08 inserted into the opening I59 therein. Said sleeve is keyed to the type cylinder whereby rotation of the sleeve causes rotation of the'type cylinder to select the desired character of a row in'the manner soon to bedescribed.

The means for selecting the particular desired character of any row will now be described. Said means includes the character selecting portion 6| of the key lever 55. Said portion is of the proper shape to engage'the bar I I0 which extends across the machine and which is connected to the rack III. 'Sai'd character selecting portion BI is further of the propershape to move the bar I the exact required distance to select the character corresponding to the particular key which is depressed. Bottom teeth I50 on the rack mesh with a spring-pressed pinion I5I supported by a shaft I52 for guiding. the rack in its movement in a portedby the frame of the machine. teeth I I2 of said rack are in constant mesh with 'the pinion II3 (Fig. 4) said pinion being mountframe 30. 'threadedthe nut .I I5 which serves to maintain straight line path. ,The shaft I 52' is suitably sup- The side ed on the upright shaft II 4 supported by the At the upper end of said shaft is the spring I I6 inplace on the shaft.

v der.

,various key levers and which cannot therefore The lower end of said spring abuts against the upper face of a clutch cylinder I I! which is keyed to the shaft I I4 and which is provided with preferably four equallyspaced clutch teeth II 8 entering corresponding recesses I I9in the cam cyl- 5 r .110 It will be seen that on the rearward movement of the rack III, through-the intermediary of the bar I I0, which is in turn operated by the portion 6| of the key lever 56, the pinion H3 and consequently, the shaft II 4 and the clutch cylinder III thereon are rotated together with the cam cylinder I as a unit through the clutch tooth II8, the spring II 6 serving to hold the clutch cylinder down on the cam cylinder. The gear I22 in turn meshes with the pinion I23 at the 20 lower end of the type cylinder sleeve I00 which, as has been explained, is keyed to the type cylin- On thedepression of the proper key 55, and the consequent rotation of the cam cylinder I20 and of the gear wheel I22 mounted thereon,25

cylinder the exact distance required to select the character to be printed. The gear I22, is preferably of twice thediameter of the pinion I23,

whereby rotation of the cam cylinder I20 through a quarter turncauses rotation of the type cylinder through ahalf turn or 180, and thereby enables the operator to change'fromup'per case to lower case characters, or vice versa.

This change, which 'I will call capitalization and decapitalization, is eifected by means of either one of a pair of shift keys I24. Each of said keys is pivoted as at02 to the side walls of the front section I4 and terminates in a hook or extension I25. Said-hook I25 engages the forward end of the shift lever I26, which is pivoted to an extension I2'I of the frame as by means of the screw or pivot I28. It will be understood that the lever I26 extends symmetrically on both 15' sides of the machine and preferably terminates at its rear end in a loop I29 to clear the other -mechanism (Fig. 3).

'of the cam surfaces I2I of the cam cylinder I20.

It will be seen that on the depression of the shift key I24, the shift lever I26 is rotated about its pivot I28 in a counter clockwise direction @5 5 viewed in Fig. 4, thereby carrying the bevelled pin I32 down into forcible contact with the adjacent cam surface I2 I, and thereby causing rotation of the cam cylinder and of the gear I 22 thereon through an angle of 9 0 backwardly. The gear '60 I22 in turn rotates the pinion I23 through an angle of precisely 180- and thereby reverses the position of the characters on the type cylinder to a. diametrically opposite position, that is, the positions of the upper case and lower case characters on the type cylinder become interchanged.

tooth II fl however. becoming disengaged from the clutch recess in the cam cylinder, since the pinion'II3 is lockedby the rack III which engages and is stopped by the portionsfil of the move at this time. .75

The clutch tooth H8 drops into the next clutch recess II9 of the cam cylinder. at the completion of the backward rotation, to accurately position the gear I22 and the cam cylinder in their initial positions, whereupon the operator may continue typing either capital or small characters as the case may be. small letters or from small letters to capitalletters again, the shift key is again depressed, thereby again rotating the cam cylinder I20 a quarter turn and rotatingthe type cylinder a complete half turn.

The row selecting. and character selecting. mechanism having been described, it now remains to describe the noiseless printing movement of the type cylinder. Said movement is accomplished by means of the same portion 53 of the key lever, which operates the escapement. Said portion, after operating the escapement, engages the roller bar I33, mounted on the shaft I34, and carrying the toggle member I35. At itsrear end, the toggle member is connected to one end of the toggle link I36, the other end of which is connected as at I31 to the tilting frame I03. The forward end of the toggle member I33 is pivotally secured to a suitable extensionon: the frame.

It. will be seen that as the key 55 is depressed, the. portion 58 being suitably shaped to raise the roller bar I33 and thereby to straighten the toggle members I33 and I35, causes the tilting frame I03 to move rearwardly about the pivot I39 by means of which the tilting frame is pivoted at its lower end to the frame of the machine. The tilting frame together with the sliding frame I00 and the type cylinder carried thereby are thereby pressed rearwardly through. a small angle, the character selected being in the proper position to print through the ribbon 54 during the last part of the tilting movementby pressure and not by a blow, thereby making the printing operation noiseless. The extension 59 of the key lever serves to limit the lowermost position of the roller bar: I33.

At about the same timethe ribbon 54' is raised the proper distance to be interposed between the selected character and the platen; Said ribbon' 54 is mounted on a pair of. suitable spools as I40'in a well known manner, suitable mechanism not shown but well understood, being provided to feed the ribbon intermittently on the depression of each key. The ribbon is carried in a suitable ribbon. frame. I4I which is raised and lowered on the depression and release of theikey- The: amount that the ribbon is raised can be adjusted-so that. the upper half or the: lower half:

of the ribbon comes into operation to-printdifferent colors such as red or black, as may be desired,

or the ribbon may be so adjusted that no printing. is done as for example, when it is desired to do stencil work.

Toward this end, the frame MI is connected at its lower end to a pair of levers I42 which are pivoted as by means of the pin I43 to the eccentric I44 (Fig. 4). Said eccentric is rotatably'mounted;

in a suitable extension of the frame of themachine and is rotated within its supporting frame by means of the ribbon adjusting handle I45. The ribbon operating lever I42 is provided with a suitable operating portion I46 adapted to, be engaged by'the rear portion of the universal bar 64 whereby said lever-is raised aboutits pivot I43. the proper distance to-raise the ribbon 54 into its required operative position on the operation of a key 55. When the handle I45is rotated To change from capital'letters to lever I42 being in its nearest position relatively to the universal bar 54, its movement by said bar begins sooner and the ribbon 54 is thereby raised through a greater height than in any of the other adjusted positions of said. handle.

The lower part of the ribbon being usually colored red, the characters will print red on-the paper inserted about the platen. Similarly, when the handle I45 is in the full line position shown in Fig.4, the lever I42 is at a slightly greater distance from the bar 64 and is thereby later engaged' by said bar and therefore raised a less distance. The upper part of the ribbon therefore comes into operation and prints black in the usual way. When it is desired that the ribbon be movedout of the way so as not to print at all, then the handle I45 is shifted into the lowest dotted center line position of Fig. 4, wherein the pin I43 is in its highest position and the universal bar 04 is ineffective to raise the ribbon a sufiicient distance to print at all.

The operation of my improved machine has been fully described above in connection with.

the description of the various parts thereof and hence need not be repeated. It need merely be said that the machine together with the type levers may be folded for ready portability, by first swinging the cover I45, which covers the various.

type levers and inner operating mechanisms, upwardly about the pin I40 into the position shown by the dotted lines I49 of Fig. 4. The front section I4 may then be swung upwardly about the hinge I1, carrying the type bars, the spacer bar and the shift keysupwardly and into the. dotted line positions of Fig. 4. Thereafter, the rear'section 25 may be swung upwardly about its" hinge 2I' and secured to the front section. To unfold the machine ready for operation, the steps just described are reversed.

Itfiwill be seen that I have provided simple and efiicient mechanism, eliminating the numerous type bars now customarily used in. typewriters, for selecting characters and causing them to print by pressure and therefore substantially derstood that I do notintend to limit myself."

thereto but desire to-claim my invention as broadly asmay be permitted by the state of the prior art and the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1;. In a typewriter, a type cylinder, a plurality of vertically spaced circumferential rows'oft-ype on said cylinder, each of said rows carrying lower case characters on one-half thereof and upper case characters on the other half thereof,

means including. a key for rotating the cylinder to selectupper or lower case characters, a key board including keys, a pivoted key lever for each of said keys, said key lever being provided with a series of shaped operating portions, row selecting mechanism operatively connected to the type cylinder, character selecting. mechanism operatively connected to the type cylinder, each of .said mechanisms being arranged normally to contact with one of the operating portions of the key; lever and to be operated on the depression of a key, a platen spaced from the'type cylinder 5 a distance less than the radius of the latter, and

means normally engaging another operating portion' of the key lever for tilting the type cylinder toward the platen through a small angle and op-' erated on the depression of the key for printing i ithe selecting character by pressure and noiselessly, said type cylinder being normally arranged below the center line of the platen to normally expose the writing portion of the platen to View. 2. In a typewriter of the character described,

a type member provided with a plurality of rows of type, each of said rows containing a set of upper case characters and a set of lower case characters, means for rotating the member through an angle of 180 to shift the member from the position for printing a selected one of one set of characters tothe position for printing a selected one of the other set of characters, a key, provided ,with three shaped operating portions,-means operated by one of the operating portions of the gg' key and operatively connected to the member for selecting a row, means operated by another of said portions for selecting a character from said rw,'and means operated by the third portion for 7 tilting said member to cause the selected charj"-' acter to print 3. In a typewriter, operating keys, a type cylinder carrying a plurality of rows of type, means operated by .a key for moving said cylinder axially to select a row, means operated'by the key for rotating the cylinder to select a character in the selected row, and means operated by the key for tilting said cylinder rearwardly to carry the selected character into printing position, said last mentioned means including a toggle, and means a-for applying straightening pressure to the joint of the toggle; I

4. In a typewriter, a type cylinder provided with a plurality of vertically spaced rows of type, a slidable frame supporting said cylinder for axial emovement and for rotation therein, a tilting frame supporting the slidable frame, operating keys, means operatively connecting the keys to the cylinder for rotating the cylinder through a predetermined angle on the operation of a key, j' ln'reans' operatively connecting the keys to the slidable frame for sliding said frame and the cylinder axially through a predetermined distance on the operation of a' key, and a toggle connection between the keys and the tilting frame for 5 tilting said frame to carry the cylinder into printing position.

7 75., In a typewriter, a type cylinder carrying a plurality of vertically spaced rows of type, a ribbon arranged rearwardly of the cylinder, key

760 ioperated means for moving the cylinder axially to'selecta row, for rotating the cylinder to select a character in the selected row and to' tilt the cylinder toward the, ribbon to print the selected character, key operated means 'for'raising the ribbon into printing position, and a series of keys each provided with'a plurality of integral shaped portions for operating said cylinder moving, ro-

tating and tilting means and'said ribbon raising means on the depression of the key.

,6. In a typewriter, a' type cylinder provided with a plurality of vertically spaced rows of type,-key operated means'for selecting a row,

for selecting a character from said row and for putting pressure on the character in printing position, a ribbon arranged rearwardly of the type cylinder and normally below printing position, key operated means for raising the ribboninto printing position and permitting the ribbon to drop into its initial position after the selected character has been printed therethrough, and a 5 series of keys, each provided with a pluralityof integral shaped portions for operating said row selecting, character selecting and character pressing means and said ribbon raising means on the depression of the keys. 0

7. In a typewriter provided with a plurality of vertically spaced rows of characters, means .for selecting a character from a row, and key operated means for moving the rows through a slight angle in a vertical plane to cause the selectedcharacter to print noiselessly by pressure, includ-' ing a toggle and a key portion engaging the joint of the toggle to apply straightening pressure thereto. 7 8. In a typewriter, a type cylinder carrying a 2 plurality of vertically spaced rows of type, onehalf of each of said rows containing upper case characters and the other half containing lower' case characters, means for supporting said cylin der for rotation about its axis; for axial movement thereof and for the tilting thereof bodily in' a vertical plane, keys carrying upper case and lower case indicia thereon, means operatively connecting the keys to the cylinder to select a character and to move the selected character into rality of vertically spaced rows oftype, operat- 40L ing keys, pivoted key levers carrying said keys, said key levers being provided with a series of operating projections, means adapted to be en- 7 gaged by one of said projections and operatively connected tothe type carrying member for mov ing said member axially to select a row, means adapted to be engaged by another of said projections and operatively connected to the type member to move said type member for selecting a character from the selected row, means adapted so to be engaged by another of said'projections and operatively connected to the member for tilting said -member into printing position including a 7' toggle. a

10, In a typewriter, an axially movable, rotat- 5 5 able, and tiltable member,type' characters on said member, key levers, a series, of operating portions on said key levers, means arranged normally in the path of one of said operating portionsfto move the member axially, means ar; 00

ranged normally in the path of another of said portions to rotate the member, means arranged normally in the path of a third portion to tilt the member, a carriage, an escapement feed'for the carriage, and means adapted to be engaged V half of "each of said rows containing upper case 'rol characters and the other half containing lower case characters, a frame embracing the cylinder between said rows through an angle of less than 360 and adapted to support the cylinder for ro,-'

tation about the axis thereof, and capitalizing 7 and decapitalizing means for rotating the cylinder through an angle of 180 comprising a shift key, a lever operated by said key, a grooved cam rotated by said lever through a. predetermined angle on the depression of said key, and means for operatively connecting the cam to the cylinder to rotate the cylinder.

12. In a typewriter, a type cylinder, an annular row of type on said cylinder, one-half of said row containing upper case characters and the other half containing lower case characters, and capitalizing and decapitalizing means for rotating the cylinder through an angle of 180 comprising a shift key, a lever operated by said key, a toothed member on the lever, a grooved cam adapted to be rotated by the toothed member through a predetermined angle, and means for operatively connecting the cam to the cylinder to rotate the cylinder.

13. In a typewriter, a type cylinder, key lever-s, a. single pivot bar for said levers, a series of operating portions each of predetermined shape on said key levers, means arranged normally in the path of one of said operating portions to move the cylinder axially, means arranged normally in the path of another of said portions to rotate the cylinder, and means arranged normally in the path of a third portion to tilt the cylinder, said portions being shaped to move the cylinder through a predetermined distance.

14. In a typewriter, a type carrying cylinder, a series of key levers, a single pivot bar for said levers, a cylinder tilting portion on each of said key levers, a cylinder rotating portion on each of said levers, a cylinder raising portion on each of said levers, and means arranged in the path of each of said portions and operatively connected to the cylinder for effecting predetermined movement of the cylinder, the shapes of said portions determining the extent of said movement.

15. In a typewriter, a pivoted key lever, an operating portion thereon, a link pivoted at one of its ends and arranged in the path of said operating portion, a second link connected to the other end of the first-mentioned link and arranged slightly out of alignment therewith, a pivoted frame pivoted to the second link, and a type cylinder carried by said frame, said links forming a toggle joint whereby depression of the key straightens said joint to tilt the frame and to move the cylinder through a small angle into printing position.

16. In a typewriter, a type cylinder, at pivoted frame supporting said cylinder, and means for tilting said frame through a small angle to cause said cylinder to print by pressure, comprising a first link pivoted at one end of said link, a roller bar carried by said link, a second link connecting the frame and the first link, a series of key levers and an operating portion on each of said levers adapted to engage said roller bar to straighten said links relatively to each other and thereby to exert tilting pressure upon the frame.

1'7. In a typewriter of the character described,

a type member provided with a plurality of rows of type, each of said rows containing a set of upper case characters and a set of lower case characters, means for rotating the member through a predetermined angle to shift the member from the position for printing a selected one of one set of characters to the position for printing a selected one of the other set of characters, a key provided with three shaped operating portions, means operated by one of the operating portions of the key and operatively connected to the member for selecting a row, means operated by another of said portions for selecting a character from said row, and means operated bythe third portion for tilting said member to cause the selected character to print.

18. In a typewriter, a type cylindenkey levers,

a series of operating portions each of predetermined shape on said key levers, means arranged normally in the path of one of said operating portions to move the cylinder axially, means arranged normally in the path of another of said portions to rotate the cylinder, and means arranged normally in the path of a third portion to tilt the cylinder, said portions being shaped to move the cylinder through a predetermined distance.

19. In a typewriter, an axially movable, rotatable, and tiltable member, type characters on said member, key levers, a series of operating portions onsaid key levers, means arrangednormally in the path of one of said operating portions to move the member axially, means arranged nor- 45 mally in the path of another of said portions to rotate the member, means arranged normally in the path of a third portion to tilt the member,

a carriage, an escapement feed for the carriage, and means adapted to be engaged by one of said to portions to operate said escapement.

ROBERT G. CLARK.

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