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US20190283845A1 - Modular structures and method for construction thereof - Google Patents

Modular structures and method for construction thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190283845A1
US20190283845A1 US16/349,981 US201716349981A US2019283845A1 US 20190283845 A1 US20190283845 A1 US 20190283845A1 US 201716349981 A US201716349981 A US 201716349981A US 2019283845 A1 US2019283845 A1 US 2019283845A1
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Prior art keywords
elements
modular
structures
strengthening
modular structure
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Abandoned
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US16/349,981
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English (en)
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Hans Gude Gudesen
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements
    • A63H33/08—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails
    • A63H33/088—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails with holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B7/00—Collapsible, foldable, inflatable or like vessels
    • B63B7/06—Collapsible, foldable, inflatable or like vessels having parts of non-rigid material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/78—Large containers for use in or under water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/004—Contents retaining means
    • B65D90/0066—Partition walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/023—Modular panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/04—Linings
    • B65D90/046—Flexible liners, e.g. loosely positioned in the container
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B7/00—Collapsible, foldable, inflatable or like vessels
    • B63B2007/006—Collapsible, foldable, inflatable or like vessels comprising nestable elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4426—Stationary floating buildings for human use, e.g. floating dwellings or floating restaurants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B75/00—Building or assembling floating offshore structures, e.g. semi-submersible platforms, SPAR platforms or wind turbine platforms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • Secondary criteria can relate to e.g. thermal insulation.
  • Examples of the above are holding tanks for liquids, bioreactors and enclosed fish farms. In many cases the delimited volume can be very large. Furthermore, in addition to tanks and retaining vessels of various types, large scale facilities that contain or process liquid-borne materials shall generally require physical infrastructure on a correspondingly large scale.
  • UK Patent Application GB 2,394,730 A “Mortarless brick and locking bolt building system” by J. H. O. Morrison teaches combined interlocking bricks that have recesses on their lower surface that can receive protruding studs on their upper surfaces.
  • the studs are hollow and communicate between successive courses, and segmentally connectable bolts with integral threaded sockets are passed through any number of the aperture studs to secure successive courses.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,826,906, “Wall of building blocks” by W. A. Rice teaches a single tier wall of substantially identical elongated blocks having planar top and bottom faces. When the blocks are laid in superposed courses, segmental-spherical protrusions on top of the blocks fitting into corresponding sockets at the bottom of the blocks and help to keep them in alignment. Circular bores in each block create connecting channels between blocks in different courses and can be used for threading of reinforcing rods.
  • the protrusions and sockets are positioned and shaped to allow rotational motion about a vertical axis, which combined with rounded corners on the blocks allow them to be assembled at an angle with each other to create corners and curved walls.
  • the protrusions and sockets are too shallow and rounded to provide cohesion of the wall without mortar, and there are no provisions for introduction of strengthening elements beyond vertical reinforcing rods.
  • the invention shall in practice be limited to static land-based constructions
  • Prior art as exemplified above presents substantial problems when attempting to implement it on large scale marine and water-immersed structures: Whereas land-based structures are static and immutable, large structures in water shall generally be exposed to wave- and tidal-induced forces and motion. This may damage or cause disintegration of stiff and unyielding structures, particularly when acting on large assemblies of building blocks across long distances encountered with large structures. In situ construction in water is generally not practicable with “wet” methods, and typical prior art building materials are generally heavy, making deployment of prefabricated large structures or modules difficult.
  • Submersion in water provides several enabling effects: First, buoyancy in the water reduces the effective weight of the structures and thus the required strength for the structures to support themselves. This effect becomes especially important when the structural materials are themselves lightweight, cf. below. Second, the weight of liquid-borne materials which exerts large pressure strains on land-based tanks and reactors is effectively balanced out by the hydrostatic pressure acting on the tank walls when they are submerged in water. Third, the cushioning and blocking effect of the surrounding masses of water provides a security barrier against explosions, blow-outs and leaks. Finally, in many coastal areas, lakes and rivers there is convenient access to water-borne transport, and stretches of water may out-compete areas of real estate on land for the siting of industrial facilities.
  • the latter may be rigid (e.g.: beams, rods and pillars) or flexible (e.g.: cables, straps or tubes) and may consist of any suitable material, and may be added in any required number, location and direction.
  • rigid e.g.: beams, rods and pillars
  • flexible e.g.: cables, straps or tubes
  • structures can be given virtually any degree of strength, flexibility and resilience.
  • Modular structural elements can be mass produced from polymers to high precision and can be defined with complex shapes to match their intended function in a structure. This includes internal voids and channels, as well as external contours and topographic features that determine the external appearance of the structure in question, the inter-element connectivity and the mechanical compliance of the structure.
  • a preferred method of manufacturing modular structural elements is injection moulding.
  • the associated infrastructure cost presses, energy consumption, etc) depend strongly on the size of the elements, and keeping dimensions down opens up opportunities for locally produced elements, in certain cases on site where structures are being built, thus reducing transport logistics and ultimately the cost of the structures in question.
  • the present invention achieves the purposes defined above by a modular structure, a macro structure, and a method for construction of a structure as defined in the claims, where the modular structure and the macro structure comprise structure elements as defined in the claims, and mainly according to the strategies outlined above.
  • a first aspect of the invention is a modular structure for being at least partly submerged in a body of water, where the modular structure comprises a plurality of structure elements, where each structure element comprises polymers.
  • Each structure element comprises one or more protruding and receiving parts, wherein the protruding parts of a structure element are arranged for mating connection with the receiving parts on another structure element, the direction of mating motion defining a longitudinal direction of the structure element.
  • the modular structure comprises strengthening elements for providing structural integrity to the modular structure, where the strengthening elements are enveloping and/or penetrating at least parts of at least two structure elements of the modular structure.
  • the structure elements are adapted to form longitudinal channels inside the protruding and receiving parts, where the channels communicate across two or more structure elements that are in a mated connection.
  • the structure elements have apertures adapted to form channels through the structure elements in at least one direction transverse to the longitudinal direction.
  • the structure elements and strengthening elements are adapted to provide flexibility to the modular structure while maintaining its structural integrity by at least one of the following i) comprising material with inherent elasticity, and ii) being formed to allow relative movement between at least two structure elements.
  • the structure elements can have linear dimensions not exceeding 0.3 m, and each structure element can comprise at least 80% by volume of polymers.
  • the structure elements and strengthening elements can be adapted to provide flexibility to the modular structure while maintaining its structural integrity when the structure is subjected to bending up to 10 degrees pr. linear meter.
  • the modular structure can form at least one closed structure, where a number of structure elements that overlap partially or completely in the longitudinal direction can be connected in a network that closes upon itself around a volume.
  • the closed structure can be a tank structure delineating a volume for the storage or processing of media in fluid form or materials carried in a fluid, where the closed structure can be a cylinder.
  • a longitudinal dimension of the closed structure can be smaller than the largest dimension in a plane transversal to the longitudinal direction, such that the closed structure forms a circular or polygonal disk or annulus.
  • the protruding parts and the receiving parts of the structure elements can each be provided with at least one set of two apertures positioned so that the apertures in the protruding part align with the respective apertures in a receiving part in longitudinally attached adjacent structure elements and thus forming transversal channels perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the modular structure can comprise strengthening elements of which at least one is inserted in at least one of the longitudinal and the transversal channels.
  • the strengthening elements comprise at least one of the following: i) an elongate strengthening element, and ii) a surface element for enveloping at least parts of the structure, and said elongated strengthening element can comprise at least one of the following: a strap, a cable, a container, a tube, and a rod, and said surface element can comprise at least one of the following: a foil, a tarp, a flexible plate, and a band.
  • said elongated strengthening element can form a closed loop attaching at least two structure elements and/or modular structures, and can be arranged according to one or more of the following alternatives: i) in the longitudinal channel and ii) along an outside of each of the at least two structure elements.
  • the strengthening element can comprise a container or a tube adapted to be filled with one ore more of the following materials: sand, gravel, earth and pellets, gas filled bodies, expanded polystyrene and polymeric-based pellets.
  • the strengthening element can act as a buoyancy controlling device as one of the following: i) a flotation element by the container being filled with a material giving the strengthening element a positive buoyancy, and ii) a ballast element by the container being filled with a material giving the strengthening element a negative buoyancy.
  • the modular structure can comprise a strengthening element for attaching at least a first and a second structure element wherein the strengthening element is arranged to pass through both holes in each of the adjacent structure elements.
  • the modular structure can comprise at least one of a top floor and a bottom floor respectively arranged in a transversal plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, where the at least one of the top and bottom floors can comprise a number of disks or annuli.
  • the at least one of the top and bottom floors can be in contact with an inside of the closed structure at an end in the longitudinal direction.
  • a further aspect of the invention is a macro structure comprising at least a first and a second modular structure, wherein the first and second modular structures are attached to each other.
  • the at least two of the closed modular structures can be attached by an elongated strengthening element, where the elongated strengthening element is looped through a longitudinal channel or around a part of one of the at least two attached modular structures, and through a longitudinal channel or around a part of another of the at least two attached modular structures.
  • An additional aspect of the invention is a method for construction of a modular structure, characterized by the following steps:
  • the assembling step of the method can occur by sequential application of the structure elements, layer by layer.
  • FIGS. 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, and 1 e disclose a detailed section of a tank structure.
  • FIGS. 2 a, b, c discloses construction of a tank structure in situ.
  • FIG. 3 discloses a tank structure with through vertical columns that are driven into the seabed.
  • FIG. 4 discloses a tank structure that has an open bottom, where a dense fence work closes the volume between the tank structure's underside and the ocean floor.
  • FIG. 5 discloses a tank structure with the outer side of the walls is enclosed by a tight tarp.
  • FIG. 7 a, b, c disclose a curved structure element and a top view and a side view of a cylindrical structure comprising a plurality of such structure elements.
  • FIG. 8 a, b disclose structure elements with rounded end surfaces.
  • FIG. 9 a, b, c disclose structures comprising different types of structure elements.
  • FIG. 10 a, b, c disclose structures comprising rounded structure elements; freely curving wall, branching walls and helix-shaped wall, respectively.
  • FIG. 11 a, b, c disclose alternative embodiments of structure elements.
  • FIG. 12 discloses a view of a structure comprising locking pins arranged in holes of structure elements.
  • FIG. 13 discloses a macrostructure comprising cylindrical structures.
  • FIG. 14 discloses a macrostructure comprising cylindrical structures in a tightly arranged geometry.
  • FIG. 15 discloses a macrostructure comprising cylindrical structures and wall structures.
  • FIG. 16 discloses a view of a macrostructure comprising hard-shell cylindrical structures and flexible walls.
  • FIG. 17 discloses a view of a macrostructure.
  • FIG. 18 discloses a view of a macrostructure comprising hard-shell cylindrical structures and flexible walls with strengthening elements arranged in channels.
  • FIG. 19 discloses an example of a macrostructure for ocean farming.
  • FIG. 20 discloses an example of a macrostructure comprising a network of linked tanks and cylinders.
  • FIG. 21 discloses an example of a macrostructure comprising a double layer of cylindrical tanks.
  • FIG. 22 discloses an example of a macrostructure comprising double layer wall structures.
  • FIG. 23 discloses a tank subdivided by planar structures.
  • FIG. 24 discloses an example of an annulus.
  • FIG. 25 discloses an embodiment where units are lashed together by straps that are threaded through longitudinal channels and looped around the walls of the units.
  • FIG. 26 discloses an enclosed volume formed by a perimeter wall of cylindrical tanks encircling top and bottom floors.
  • FIG. 27 discloses a macrostructure consisting of 7 hexagonal enclosed volumes that are linked together.
  • FIG. 28 discloses a macrostructure consisting of coupled floating annuli within a triangular framing wall.
  • FIGS. 29 a, b disclose a generic perimeter wall for macrostructures.
  • Designation 1 Structure element (generic) 1.1 Straight structure element with straight side walls 1.2 Straight structure element with rounded side walls 1.3 Straight structure element with one straight and one rounded side wall 2 Receiving part 3 Protruding part 4 Aperture 5 Aperture 6 Aperture 7 Aperture 8 Pipe 9 Strengthening element 10 Strengthening element 11 Channel 12 Smooth pipe 13 Floating platform 14 Floor 15 Robot 16 Column 17 Fence work 18 Surface Element 19 Bag 20 Keyhole opening 21 Alignment ridge 22 Alignment hole 23 Coupling pin 24 In-filling of material 25 Planar structures 26 Cylinder 27 Outer wall 28 Inner wall 29 Cylinder segment 30 Annulus 31 Annulus 32 Strap
  • the invention is based upon the building of structures over all size scales based upon assembling and mechanical consolidating of modular elements, discussed as structure elements and strengthening elements.
  • FIG. 1 b shows a section of the tank wall where three elements are connected via topographic structures on each element.
  • the topographic structures in the form of receiving parts ( 2 ) shown as tubular channels and protruding parts ( 3 ) shown as hollow pipes in FIG. 1 b, fit into each other to form a mated connection with a longitudinal internal channel, the direction of the mating motion being defined as a longitudinal direction of the structure elements.
  • the internal channels can contribute to the tank's structural strength by employing them as guides or containment volumes for strengthening elements or materials in the form of cables, pipes, rods, beams, fill or casting material. Sand-filled stockings of strong textiles are relevant in this context.
  • Direct methods include, among others, friction and male/female type click-connections of supporting elements, hooks, bayonet couplings, etc. It can also occur through indirect methods comprising the use of helping components, for example: locking pins, rods, and columns through hole and channels in contiguous or nearby elements. Indirect methods can also comprise supporting elements, as well as clips, clamps, cables, and bands. On the segment in FIG. 1 b the structure elements are locked to each other with massive rods or clips through the channels in three dimensions. Vertical (i.e.
  • longitudinal pipes and rods ( 8 ) can be locked into position by their holes or channels ( 11 ) that interact with the element's transverse channels by fitted locking bars ( 9 ), ( 10 ).
  • the large number of vertical (i.e. longitudinal) channels in the tank walls can serve many different purposes: in FIG. 1 c there are two neighboring channels filled with hole pipes ( 8 ) that are locked with a transverse locking rod ( 9 ), while this is fitted with a smooth pipe ( 12 ) through the one of the channels in FIG. 1 d.
  • Such pipe can, among other things, be used for the transport of gas or liquid.
  • the tank By treading lashing bands through the channels and stretching the bands, the tank is given elasticity and improved resistance against external physical effects.
  • the structure maintains tight connections between the individual structure elements over time, even with mechanical wear, matter flow, etc.
  • Additional structural strength, and possibly other functions, can be achieved with the help of bands that stretch and tighten over the tank's outer surface and/or by enveloping parts of either the whole tank's outer and/or inner surfaces with foil, tarp, or bendable plates that are anchored in the tank's walls and possibly bottom and top.
  • Relevant fastening techniques include, but are not limited to, the following: glue, Velcro bands, buttons, pins, and screws.
  • a preferred fastening method is to use a mechanical fastening system where the structure elements are textured on the surface that forms the tank's outer and/or inner side.
  • the texturing can, for example, be in the form of spikes, columns, pimples, hooks, or pipes, shaped such that it binds with reciprocal texturing on the foil, tarp, or the bendable plate to be fastened.
  • Several layers of foil, tarp, or bendable plates can be laid on top of each other, such that they are textured on both sides and possibly added in several layers and stretching directions.
  • the linear structure elements can form segments with linear facets in curved macro-surfaces that form in other ways than by the shape of the individual structure elements.
  • Tensile and bending forces can occur between anchoring points inside or outside the tank's walls, from stiffening and tension elements that follow the channels through the structure in strategic directions or by connecting via elements and struts to anchoring points on other parts of the structure or outside this.
  • Examples of structures that can be stabilized by tensile forces are domes and arches with radial stress and cylinders with tangential and axial stresses.
  • tank structures based on structure elements and strengthening elements that are assembled and connected according to the present invention may be built and utilized on dry land.
  • the tank structure initially has close to neutral buoyancy and may, with moderate action, be brought to float with the construction zone at an appropriate height above the surface of the water.
  • Such action can comprise floating elements coupled to the structures upper part and weight or ballast coupled to the upper part of the structure.
  • the net buoyancy can also be controlled via material that fills the channels in the structure.
  • sand or cement can be poured directly into the channels to increase weight, or bags may be inserted that are pre-filled with material or are filled after having been fitted into the channels.
  • An alternative is to employ empty beverage bottles that fit inside the channels: Such bottles may be filled with sand or another material to provide ballasting weight, and may be stacked end to end inside the channels. In their empty state and with the cap on they can function as flotation elements, filling the channels in the structure.
  • FIG. 3 shows a tank that is resting on the seabed and anchored to it by means of vertical columns ( 16 ).
  • the vertical through channels from the surface act as guides for the columns.
  • the columns are driven down into the bottom.
  • the columns can have several functions, for example as solid anchoring and as a support structure for the tank. Hollow columns can be used for the guiding of probes and transport of gas and fluids to and from the area under the tank and under ground.
  • the tank can be equipped with a floor (ref ( 14 ) on FIG. 2 a ) or it can be have an open bottom with a free water volume underneath.
  • a floor ref ( 14 ) on FIG. 2 a
  • the tank can rest upon the seabed and be open in the bottom, ref. FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , which gives direct access to the area under the tank. This is relevant in situations where material shall be collected from the benthonic zone for processing within the tank's volume. In such situations and where the floor is uneven, the closing of the area underneath the tank can be formed by a column formed from a dense fence work ( 17 ) from the bottom of the tank's side wall and down into the under ground, cf. FIG. 4 .
  • the lowest part can have a flexible surface coating that expands when the column comes out of the guide channel into the water under the tank. This will result in that the structure in the example shown in FIG. 4 is suited to allow digging and processing of the ground under the tank without the water mass outside being polluted. With the removal of mass within the enclosed area, the columns in fence work can be driven further down as the digging progresses to prevent collapsing of the edges.
  • the structure elements according to the present invention incorporate the essential enabling features for the assembling of structures where tanks, walls and connecting elements form large scale consolidated complexes with advanced functionalities and unlimited dimensional scalability. This shall now be demonstrated by some preferred embodiments with reference to the structure elements shown in FIGS. 7 a,b,c, FIGS. 8 a,b and FIGS. 11 a,b,c.
  • FIGS. 8 a,b represent a different class of structure elements where the end surfaces of a structure element are rounded such that the structure element can pivot relative to an over/underlying and/or contiguous structure element when connected via their protruding and receiving parts. This shall allow for incorporation in straight as well as curved structures, cf. below.
  • FIG. 8 a shows such a structure element with straight sidewalls and two internal channels, while the structure element in FIG. 8 b has three channels and forms a V shape defined by the angle ⁇ as shown.
  • the latter type of structure element is particularly suited for incorporation into structures with corners.
  • FIGS. 9 a,b and FIGS. 10 a,b,c provide some examples of how the two classes of structure elements can be linked separately or in combination to create macrostructures with special properties and geometries:
  • FIG. 9 a is shown a top view of a wall with straight parts separated by bends at specific pivot points.
  • structure elements ( 1 . 1 ) of the type shown in FIG. 7 a, but with straight sidewalls constitute the straight parts
  • the pivot points incorporate structure elements ( 1 . 2 ) of type shown in FIG. 8 a as well as a hybrid variant ( 1 . 3 ) where one end is straight and one end is rounded.
  • FIG. 9 b the different parts of the wall can articulate in a predefined fashion when subjected to an outer force.
  • a hinged corner can be created in a wall by means of structure elements of the type ( 1 . 3 ), where at the same time the wall adjacent to the hinge retains stiffness against bending forces. This enables the construction of polygons of various shapes.
  • FIGS. 10 a,b,c only structure elements of the rounded type are used.
  • FIG. 10 a shows a top view of a freely curving wall
  • FIG. 10 b shows several curving walls that branch from each other.
  • FIG. 10 c shows a top view of a helix-shaped wall where the innermost structure elements are connected at near right angles to each other.
  • FIGS. 11 a,b,c show examples of how the basic structure elements shown in FIG. 8 a can be modified to provide a branching structure element.
  • the structure element defines connections in three directions separated by 120°, and can constitute a coupling node in a hexagonal network as indicated in FIG. 11 b.
  • the structure element in FIG. 11 c defines connections in four directions separated by 90°.
  • the protruding ends of the structure elements in FIGS. 11 a,b,c are rounded and shall allow pivoting of coupled structure elements in a flexible macrostructure.
  • Structure elements similar to that in FIGS. 11 a,c can also be made with sharp corners and straight end walls, in analogy to the structure element shown in FIG. 7 a, leading to “stiff” structures that resist shape change.
  • a central feature of the present invention is that structure elements can “dry lock” to each other, i.e. they can be reversibly assembled into macroscopic structures with considerable structural integrity without the need to employ glue or cement. This has obvious advantages in many instances (rapid prototyping, test assemblies, etc) and may be followed up by subsequent mechanical consolidating of the macrostructures.
  • the elements may have topographic features as exemplified in FIG. 7 a and FIG. 8 a where the structure elements have “keyhole” openings ( 20 ) for accommodating locking pins (cf. below) as well as ridges ( 21 ) and matching holes ( 22 ) to provide a steering and click function during assembly.
  • Structure elements according to the present invention are preferably made from polymers by means of a thermal shaping technique such as injection molding.
  • Polymers can be given a wide range of mechanical properties by selection of polymer type and loading with reinforcing fibers.
  • a central property in the present context is the degree of dimensional precision and the complexity of structural details that can be achieved. This enables highly controlled friction and displacement tolerance properties between mating and contacting structure elements, which contribute to predictable compliance and resilience of assembled structures when subjected to external forces.
  • FIG. 12 When high mechanical strength is required, structure elements can be locked in the vertical and horizontal directions by various means as described previously.
  • One solution is shown in FIG. 12 where coupling pins ( 23 ) are inserted through the keyholes in the structure elements and twisted to effect locking. This prevents the structure elements from being pulled out from each other vertically.
  • the long pins shown in FIG. 12 can link one structure of stacked structure elements to another, parallel structure. This is illustrated for the case of cylindrical tanks in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 , where pin keyholes on structure elements in different structures are exactly aligned in a 90° and a 60° geometry, respectively (coupling pins indicated as ( 23 )).
  • locking pins are possible, depending on the materials and geometries in the structure and strengthening elements.
  • penetrating bolts or nails with sharp points may be inserted through holes in the structure elements, in analogy to the coupling pins shown in FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 .
  • FIGS. 15, 16, 17 show how a large barrier or wall can be constructed by combining the structure elements in FIG. 7 a and FIG. 8 a:
  • cylindrical tanks are locked together between an inner and outer sheet, forming a very large circular enclosure (only a segment is shown here).
  • the structures are kept together by means of strengthening elements not shown in the figures.
  • coupling pins When coupling pins are used to link separate substructures in a macroscopic curved structure as exemplified in FIGS. 15, 16, 17 , they may be inserted at quasi-random contact points where keyhole alignment occurs opportunistically, the required degree of alignment being reduced by shaping and scaling the keyholes with a tolerance margin.
  • Very strong and resilient constructions can be obtained by employing cables, straps or strips that are weaved through the keyholes instead of coupling pins. This reduces the importance of alignment and makes possible short- as well as long-distance cross-linking between individual elements and macrostructures.
  • Structures made from structure elements with sharp corners as shown in FIG. 7 a shall provide hard shells that resist flexing, whereas rounded structure elements as shown in FIG. 8 a in addition to allowing integration in curves and corners in constructions shall permit flexing and motion in the horizontal plane.
  • Macrostructures in water can thus be built with a combination of “hard shell” tanks, cylinders and walls that are connected or enclosed by flexing walls or other structures, all of which are kept together, by one or more of the following:
  • FIG. 18 is shown an example where tubular plastic pipes ( 12 ) have been inserted in selected vertical channels traversing a wall and a cylinder structure. These pipes may be partly or completely in-filled ( 24 ) with high density ballasting material (sand, gravel, etc) or light weight flotation material (expanded polystyrene pellets, air filled plastic balls, etc), distributed so as to regulate the buoyancy properties of the overall structure.
  • high density ballasting material sand, gravel, etc
  • light weight flotation material expanded polystyrene pellets, air filled plastic balls, etc
  • reinforced canvas hoses may be used instead of tubing, whereby the overall structure can retain a high degree of flexibility when flexible strips, cables and straps are employed for crosslinking a structure.
  • In-filled material may be selected with specific material properties in mind, such as high thermal insulation or high heat capacity.
  • a given channel may contain several materials and objects along its length, e.g. a sequence of strata of granulated material of different types, a string of plastic bottles containing gas or liquids, etc.
  • the channels in the structures can be used to accommodate technical equipment for heating/cooling, lighting, sound, etc as well as serving as conduits for cables and tubing of various types.
  • FIG. 19 shows an example of macrostructures where ocean farming habitats are protected by circular enclosing walls formed from a double layer of coupled tanks or cylinders according to the present invention. Another example is shown in FIG. 20 , where the water surface within and outside the enclosures is covered by a network of floating, linked tanks or cylinders of smaller size.
  • Such structures may extend through the whole width and depth of the enclosed volume, or they may subdivide the volume.
  • An example is shown in FIG. 23 where planar structures ( 25 ) subdivide a tank, creating separate chambers and stiffening the walls of the tank against collapsing inward or bulging outward when subjected to differential pressure between the inside and outside.
  • a particularly useful type of planar structures is achieved by coupling together a plurality of low aspect ratio cylinders (annuli).
  • An example of an annulus is shown in FIG. 24 . It can be put side by side with similar units and connected to them by one of the methods described previously, where the walls are penetrated by pins or straps (cf. e.g. FIGS. 12, 13, 14 ).
  • Point or line connections in the form of straps or pins may be undesirable in situations where movement in the structure may cause wear and tear at contact points between different parts of a macrostructure.
  • surface-covering sheets may be wrapped tightly around each cylinder to provide strength.
  • the sheet may be backed by an adhesive and incorporate a shock absorbing layer.
  • the same type of sheet can be used on bundled tanks and cylinders in a coupled macrostructure. Added strength can be achieved ad libitum by wrapping sheets in multiple layers.
  • FIG. 26 shows how an enclosed volume can be formed by a perimeter wall of cylindrical tanks encircling top and bottom floors consisting of coupled annuli.
  • the structure is submerged in water (not shown), with the waterline typically defined on the sidewalls of the top floor annuli.
  • the annuli forming the submerged bottom floor have neutral or negative buoyancy.
  • the perimeter may have any shape, e.g. circular, elongated or polygonal, and the same is the case with top and bottom floors that are accommodated inside and/or outside the perimeter and linked or tethered to it, cf. the floating floor of coupled annuli surrounding the perimeter of the macrostructure in FIG. 20 .
  • the whole structure forms a hexagon of high strength, which may be coupled with similar hexagons as illustrated in FIG. 27 to form a large scale basis for floating habitats.
  • FIG. 29 a A generic perimeter wall for macrostructures, e.g. fish tanks, is shown in FIG. 29 a. It consists of cylinders ( 26 ) linked side by side, with a closed wall on the outside ( 27 ) and the inside ( 28 ). Typical dimensions may be, e.g.: Thickness of inner and outer walls ( 27 ), ( 28 ): 0.1 m., Diameter of cylinders ( 27 ): 1 m., Diameter of macrostructure: 50 m.
  • the cylinders between the two walls are shown in an X-ray view in the figure. In many cases it is desirable to retain the basic macro-shape while at the same time using less material in the walls. One way of achieving this is shown in FIG.
  • 29 b A fraction of the cylinders, e.g. 4 out of 5, are replaced by cylinder segments ( 29 ) and annuli ( 30 ), ( 31 ) at the top and bottom.
  • the cylinder segments and annuli act as spacers between the outer and inner walls and are linked laterally to provide structural strength.
  • the density, size and distribution pattern of cylinder segments and annuli shall be chosen depending on expected mechanical stress levels, economic parameters, etc.

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CN111674519A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-09-18 山东中能融合海上风力发电机组有限公司 一种浅吃水浮式风力发电机组基础平台
WO2022069636A1 (en) * 2020-09-30 2022-04-07 Csub As Fiber-reinforced plastic material aquaculture tank
CN114750886A (zh) * 2022-05-24 2022-07-15 安徽省交通航务工程有限公司 土工管袋自浮装配式充灌操作平台的搭建方法
US20220396925A1 (en) * 2019-11-04 2022-12-15 Marine Innovations And Engineering B.V. Underwater modular structure, module of or for said underwater modular structure and method of constructing an underwater modular structure
WO2022265517A1 (en) * 2021-06-16 2022-12-22 Aquafloat Floating structure for installation in water, a closed ring-structure and a tubular element for building a floating structure, and a method for building a vertical structure
USD991491S1 (en) * 2021-01-20 2023-07-04 Versare Solutions Llc Modular wall frame component
USD1004798S1 (en) * 2021-01-20 2023-11-14 Versare Solutions, Llc Modular wall frame component
CN118438459A (zh) * 2024-07-10 2024-08-06 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 一种大规模铁磁流体液滴机器人的协同控制系统

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CN111634381B (zh) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-17 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 一种标准化分舱的多功能圆筒形浮体及其舱室标准结构
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USD991491S1 (en) * 2021-01-20 2023-07-04 Versare Solutions Llc Modular wall frame component
USD1004798S1 (en) * 2021-01-20 2023-11-14 Versare Solutions, Llc Modular wall frame component
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CN114750886A (zh) * 2022-05-24 2022-07-15 安徽省交通航务工程有限公司 土工管袋自浮装配式充灌操作平台的搭建方法
CN118438459A (zh) * 2024-07-10 2024-08-06 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 一种大规模铁磁流体液滴机器人的协同控制系统

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EP3541998A4 (en) 2020-07-22
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EP3541998B1 (en) 2024-09-11
NO20161803A1 (en) 2018-05-16

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