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US20190119165A1 - Method for producing industrial clay - Google Patents

Method for producing industrial clay Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190119165A1
US20190119165A1 US16/098,587 US201716098587A US2019119165A1 US 20190119165 A1 US20190119165 A1 US 20190119165A1 US 201716098587 A US201716098587 A US 201716098587A US 2019119165 A1 US2019119165 A1 US 2019119165A1
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Prior art keywords
organic matrix
matrix
clay
petroleum jelly
industrial clay
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US16/098,587
Inventor
Luis Fernando Sierra Zuluaga
Diego Andres Acosta Maya
Julian Jaramillo Vallejo
Andres Restrepo Montoya
Alexaner Ramillo Rodriguez
Jose Luis Cadavid Cardenas
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UNIVERSIDAD EAFIT
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UNIVERSIDAD EAFIT
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Priority claimed from PCT/IB2017/052443 external-priority patent/WO2017191537A1/en
Assigned to UNIVERSIDAD EAFIT reassignment UNIVERSIDAD EAFIT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CÁRDENAS, JOSÉ LUIS CADAVID, MAYA, DIEGO ANDRÉS ACOSTA, MONTOYA, ANDRÉS RESTREPO, RODRÌGUEZ, ALEXANDER JARAMILLO, VALLEJO, JULIÁN JARAMILLO, ZULUAGA, LUIS FERNANDO SIERRA
Publication of US20190119165A1 publication Critical patent/US20190119165A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
    • B22C1/24—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of oily or fatty substances; of distillation residues therefrom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
    • B28C1/003—Plant; Methods
    • B28C1/006—Methods
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    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
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    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/1305—Organic additives
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    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/131—Inorganic additives
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3436—Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
    • C04B2235/3445—Magnesium silicates, e.g. forsterite
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/442—Carbonates
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/449—Organic acids, e.g. EDTA, citrate, acetate, oxalate
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77—Density
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of materials science, particularly to processes for obtaining industrial clay for prototyping.
  • Clay is a natural material formed by minerals. This malleable material is usually very moldable when combined with water. Its combination with water produces a substance having similar consistency to plastic, i.e., viscous and sticky. This ability to modify its structure allows for its use as a molding material in several applications.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 8,633,269 describes the process for obtaining a malleable, extruded and dry-resistant game composition that includes a polymeric ligand and a mineral oil.
  • the composition can include a plasticizer, a releasing agent and one or more filler materials; among the fillers are talc, calcium carbonate, clays and combinations thereof.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,726 discloses a process for obtaining a geopolymeric material that includes disperse organic and inorganic phases, comprised of silicate, particulate material, surfactants, kaolin, volatile ash, and a pH-controlling buffer agent.
  • disperse organic and inorganic phases comprised of silicate, particulate material, surfactants, kaolin, volatile ash, and a pH-controlling buffer agent.
  • kaolin is used as a thickener and bentonite is used to absorb water.
  • a product is obtained that self-hardens and is resistant to high temperatures.
  • the invention describes a process for obtaining industrial clay having improved characteristics that comprises incorporating an inorganic matrix onto an organic matrix at determined proportions.
  • the clay obtained is malleable and resistant to compression and strain.
  • FIG. 1 Strength vs. percent strain graphic of composition 1 of Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 Strength vs. percent strain graphic of composition 2 of Example 1.
  • FIG. 3 Strength vs. percent strain graphic of composition 3 of Example 1.
  • FIG. 4 Strength vs. percent strain graphic of composition 4 of Example 1.
  • an organic matrix is initially prepared by mixing and heating its components. Then, an inorganic matrix is incorporated onto the organic matrix at a set proportion. Finally, mixing is carried out until obtaining clay in the form of a homogenous paste.
  • materials comprising the organic matrix are weighed (for example, wax, petroleum jelly, oil, mineral oil and combinations thereof) in a container that is heated and mixed controlling temperature for a period between 15 and 30 minutes.
  • the dry materials for example bentonite, filler materials
  • the inorganic matrix is slowly incorporated onto the previously heated organic matrix, in a set weight proportion of inorganic to organic matrix between 1:1 and 3:2, respectively. Finally, it is all stirred until a homogenous paste is obtained.
  • the organic matrix is obtained from mixing and heating components selected from the group consisting of wax, petroleum jelly, oil, microcrystalline wax, paraffin, lubricating oils, mineral oil, saturated hydrocarbons, and blends thereof.
  • the inorganic matrix is obtained from mixing components selected from the group consisting of bentonite, filler materials and blends thereof.
  • fillers corresponds to a composition comprising one or more of the following components: talc, carbonates, stearates, kaolin, complex carbohydrates, starch, cellulose, limestone, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, and silica, all of which may form the inorganic matrix.
  • the organic matrix is initially prepared mixing microcrystalline wax, mineral oil and petroleum jelly by stirring at 10 to 100 RPM and at a temperature between 80 and 150° C. until obtaining one sole liquid phase at the bottom of the container.
  • the organic matrix obtained is characterized by the composition indicated in Table 1.
  • the inorganic matrix is prepared by mixing in another container calcium bentonite and filler materials.
  • the inorganic matrix obtained is characterized by the composition indicated in Table 2.
  • the inorganic matrix is then slowly incorporated onto the previously heated and mixed organic matrix, in a set weight proportion between 1:1 and 3:2. Finally, it is all stirred until industrial clay is obtained in the form of a homogenous paste.
  • the industrial clay obtained according to the process of the subject invention has the composition indicated in Table 3 and is characterized by the properties indicated in Table 4.
  • the organic matrix is prepared by mixing microcrystalline wax, mineral oil and petroleum jelly. It is then heated at a temperature of 60° C. until forming an only liquid phase at the bottom of the container, under constant stirring of 20 RPM.
  • the inorganic matrix is prepared by mixing calcium bentonite, kaolin, talc, calcium stearate and calcium carbonate, ground and screened using a Tyler 200 mesh.
  • the inorganic matrix is then slowly incorporated onto the heated organic matrix until a homogenous paste is formed under constant stirring at 20 RPM.
  • the clay obtained is qualitatively assayed in order to determine if it adheres to the skin and it is characterized my measuring its mechanical properties such as compression strength, strain, Young modulus and density.
  • Example clay compositions of the subject invention were prepared in accordance to Table 5 wherein the relative amounts of the components used are listed. The mechanical characteristics obtained for the example compositions prepared according to Table 5 are listed in Table 6.
  • compositions show, among other things, that the clay of the subject invention has improved compression strength and strain characteristics as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 .
  • Young modulus, compression strength and strain properties can be adjusted by changing ingredient proportions as shown in Table 5. Therefore, the range of these properties can vary from 2500 kPa to 12000 kPa for Young modulus, from 85 kPa to 250 kPa for compression strength, and from 2.5% to 3.5% for strain. Therefore, the subject invention is well adapted in order to carry out the objectives set out and achieving the mentioned purposes and advantages as well as all those that are inherent thereof.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention describes a process for obtaining clay having improved characteristics that comprises incorporating an inorganic matrix onto an organic matrix at determined proportions. The industrial clay obtained is malleable and highly resistant to compression and strain, of great use in the industry of prototype elaboration.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention belongs to the field of materials science, particularly to processes for obtaining industrial clay for prototyping.
    • DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
  • Clay is a natural material formed by minerals. This malleable material is usually very moldable when combined with water. Its combination with water produces a substance having similar consistency to plastic, i.e., viscous and sticky. This ability to modify its structure allows for its use as a molding material in several applications.
  • Clay mixed with water acquires certain levels of plasticity that aids in molding. Upon drying, clay hardens and maintains the shape it was molded into. The most common way to dry clay is by applying heat in furnaces at temperatures in excess of 800° C.
  • Prior art describes various processes and compositions for obtaining malleable materials used in prototyping. U.S. Pat. No. 8,633,269 describes the process for obtaining a malleable, extruded and dry-resistant game composition that includes a polymeric ligand and a mineral oil. The composition can include a plasticizer, a releasing agent and one or more filler materials; among the fillers are talc, calcium carbonate, clays and combinations thereof.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,726 discloses a process for obtaining a geopolymeric material that includes disperse organic and inorganic phases, comprised of silicate, particulate material, surfactants, kaolin, volatile ash, and a pH-controlling buffer agent. During the manufacturing process, kaolin is used as a thickener and bentonite is used to absorb water. A product is obtained that self-hardens and is resistant to high temperatures.
  • Although prior art discloses several processes for obtaining malleable materials, the development of processes that allow obtaining materials for prototyping is necessary, such as the present invention that permits obtaining industrial clays having compression strength and strain properties, with lower associated productions costs and easily accessible raw materials.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention describes a process for obtaining industrial clay having improved characteristics that comprises incorporating an inorganic matrix onto an organic matrix at determined proportions. The clay obtained is malleable and resistant to compression and strain.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1. Strength vs. percent strain graphic of composition 1 of Example 1.
  • FIG. 2. Strength vs. percent strain graphic of composition 2 of Example 1.
  • FIG. 3. Strength vs. percent strain graphic of composition 3 of Example 1.
  • FIG. 4. Strength vs. percent strain graphic of composition 4 of Example 1.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • In order to obtain industrial clay for prototyping in accordance to the present invention, an organic matrix is initially prepared by mixing and heating its components. Then, an inorganic matrix is incorporated onto the organic matrix at a set proportion. Finally, mixing is carried out until obtaining clay in the form of a homogenous paste.
  • Initially, materials comprising the organic matrix are weighed (for example, wax, petroleum jelly, oil, mineral oil and combinations thereof) in a container that is heated and mixed controlling temperature for a period between 15 and 30 minutes. The dry materials (for example bentonite, filler materials) comprising the inorganic matrix are weighed. The inorganic matrix is slowly incorporated onto the previously heated organic matrix, in a set weight proportion of inorganic to organic matrix between 1:1 and 3:2, respectively. Finally, it is all stirred until a homogenous paste is obtained.
  • The organic matrix is obtained from mixing and heating components selected from the group consisting of wax, petroleum jelly, oil, microcrystalline wax, paraffin, lubricating oils, mineral oil, saturated hydrocarbons, and blends thereof. Likewise, the inorganic matrix is obtained from mixing components selected from the group consisting of bentonite, filler materials and blends thereof.
  • For purposes of the subject invention, the term “filler materials” corresponds to a composition comprising one or more of the following components: talc, carbonates, stearates, kaolin, complex carbohydrates, starch, cellulose, limestone, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, and silica, all of which may form the inorganic matrix.
  • In a preferred embodiment of the process, the organic matrix is initially prepared mixing microcrystalline wax, mineral oil and petroleum jelly by stirring at 10 to 100 RPM and at a temperature between 80 and 150° C. until obtaining one sole liquid phase at the bottom of the container. The organic matrix obtained is characterized by the composition indicated in Table 1.
  • TABLE 1
    Component % (w/w) dry base
    Microcrystalline wax  90.0-100.0
    Petroleum jelly 0.0-5.0
    Mineral oil 0.0-5.0
  • The inorganic matrix is prepared by mixing in another container calcium bentonite and filler materials. The inorganic matrix obtained is characterized by the composition indicated in Table 2.
  • TABLE 2
    Component % (w/w) dry base
    Bentonite 10.0-40.0
    Filler materials 50.0-80.0
  • The inorganic matrix is then slowly incorporated onto the previously heated and mixed organic matrix, in a set weight proportion between 1:1 and 3:2. Finally, it is all stirred until industrial clay is obtained in the form of a homogenous paste.
  • The industrial clay obtained according to the process of the subject invention has the composition indicated in Table 3 and is characterized by the properties indicated in Table 4.
  • TABLE 3
    Compound % (w/w) dry base
    Calcium bentonite 5.0-15.0
    Kaolin 5.0-15.0
    Talc 5.0-15.0
    Calcium stearate 5.0-15.0
    Calcium carbonate 5.0-15.0
    Microcrystalline wax 20.0-30.0 
    Mineral Oil 5.0-10.0
    Petroleum jelly 0.0-5.0 
  • TABLE 4
    Properties Value
    Young Modulus (kPa)  7500-12000
    Density (kg/m3) 1.10-1.40
    Maximum compression strength (kPa) 115.0-260.0
    Strain (%) 2.25-4.00
  • The present invention will be depicted using the following examples, which are provided solely with the purpose of illustration and without intending to limit its scope.
    • EXAMPLES Example 1: Preparation of Industrial Clay for Prototyping
  • The organic matrix is prepared by mixing microcrystalline wax, mineral oil and petroleum jelly. It is then heated at a temperature of 60° C. until forming an only liquid phase at the bottom of the container, under constant stirring of 20 RPM. The inorganic matrix is prepared by mixing calcium bentonite, kaolin, talc, calcium stearate and calcium carbonate, ground and screened using a Tyler 200 mesh.
  • The inorganic matrix is then slowly incorporated onto the heated organic matrix until a homogenous paste is formed under constant stirring at 20 RPM. The clay obtained is qualitatively assayed in order to determine if it adheres to the skin and it is characterized my measuring its mechanical properties such as compression strength, strain, Young modulus and density.
  • Example clay compositions of the subject invention were prepared in accordance to Table 5 wherein the relative amounts of the components used are listed. The mechanical characteristics obtained for the example compositions prepared according to Table 5 are listed in Table 6.
  • TABLE 5
    COMPOSITION (% w/w)
    COMPONENT 1 2 3 4
    Microcrystalline wax (g) 30.00 30.00 30.00 36.00
    Mineral oil (g) 0.00 10.00 5.00 2.00
    Petroleum jelly (g) 10.00 0.00 5.00 2.00
    Bentonite (g) 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
    Kaolin (g) 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
    Talc (g) 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
    Calcium stearate (g) 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
    Calcium carbonate (g) 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
  • TABLE 6
    COMPOSITION
    CHARACTERISTICS 1 2 3 4
    Young modulus (kPa) 7883.00 2531.00 6520.00 11866.00
    Density (kg/m3) 1.33 1.33 1.22 1.22
    Maximum compression 127.47 84.17 114.11 248.07
    strength (kPa)
    Strain (%) 2.50 3.60 2.80 3.00
  • The above compositions show, among other things, that the clay of the subject invention has improved compression strength and strain characteristics as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4. It may be noted that the Young modulus, compression strength and strain properties can be adjusted by changing ingredient proportions as shown in Table 5. Therefore, the range of these properties can vary from 2500 kPa to 12000 kPa for Young modulus, from 85 kPa to 250 kPa for compression strength, and from 2.5% to 3.5% for strain. Therefore, the subject invention is well adapted in order to carry out the objectives set out and achieving the mentioned purposes and advantages as well as all those that are inherent thereof.

Claims (6)

1. A process for obtaining industrial clay comprising the following steps:
a) preparing an organic matrix by mixing and heating components consisting of wax, petroleum jelly, oil, microcrystalline wax, paraffin, lubricating oils, mineral oil, saturated hydrocarbons and/or blends thereof;
b) incorporating, in a weight ratio of inorganic matrix to organic matrix ranging between 1:1 and 3:2, an inorganic matrix comprising bentonite and filler materials and/or blends thereof onto the organic matrix obtained in a), until an industrial clay is obtained in the form of a homogenous paste.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the organic matrix for step a) has the following composition:
Component % (w/w) dry base Wax  90.0-100.0 Petroleum jelly 0.0-5.0 Oil 0.0-5.0
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the inorganic matrix for step b) has the following composition:
Component % (w/w) dry base Bentonite 10.0-40.0 Filler materials 50.0-80.0
4. The process of claim 1, wherein in step a), the organic matrix is mixed under the following conditions: stirring at 10 to 100 RPM and at a temperature between 80 and 150° C.
5. Industrial clay obtained according to the process of claim 1, comprising the following composition:
Compound (% w/w) dry base Bentonite 5.0-15.0 Kaolin 5.0-15.0 Talc 5.0-15.0 Calcium stearate 5.0-15.0 Calcium carbonate 5.0-15.0 Microcrystalline wax 20.0-30.0  Mineral oil 5.0-10.0 Petroleum jelly 0.0-5.0 
6. The industrial clay according to claim 5, having the following characteristics:
Characteristics Value Young Modulus (kPa) 7500-12000 Density (kg/m3) 1.10-1.40  Maximum compression strength (kPa) 80.0-260.0 Strain (%) 2.25-4.00 
US16/098,587 2016-05-06 2017-04-27 Method for producing industrial clay Abandoned US20190119165A1 (en)

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JPH07196361A (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-08-01 Honda Motor Co Ltd Ceramic injection molding method
JP4772411B2 (en) * 2005-07-28 2011-09-14 日本理化学工業株式会社 Black ink composition
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US5116413A (en) * 1988-06-03 1992-05-26 Waterproof Coatings S.A. Process and sealing agent for producing a watertight and/or gastight bushing of lines in a water-resistant and/or gas-blocking wall, and device for use thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110171954A (en) * 2019-04-30 2019-08-27 北部湾大学 A kind of clay formula of the fine Nixing pottery device of 3D printing

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