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US20190045345A1 - Method for transmitting and receiving d2d signal in wireless communication system, and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Method for transmitting and receiving d2d signal in wireless communication system, and apparatus therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190045345A1
US20190045345A1 US15/573,811 US201615573811A US2019045345A1 US 20190045345 A1 US20190045345 A1 US 20190045345A1 US 201615573811 A US201615573811 A US 201615573811A US 2019045345 A1 US2019045345 A1 US 2019045345A1
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discovery
d2dss
cell
resource
pool
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Seungmin Lee
Hanbyul Seo
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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Publication of US20190045345A1 publication Critical patent/US20190045345A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/005—Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signalling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signalling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H04L5/0055—Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H04W72/14—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/27—Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/28—Discontinuous transmission [DTX]; Discontinuous reception [DRX]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/02—Data link layer protocols
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method of transmitting/receiving a D2D signal in a wireless communication system and apparatus therefor.
  • LTE 3rd generation partnership project long term evolution
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a network structure of an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (E-UMTS) which is an example of a wireless communication system.
  • E-UMTS is an evolved version of the conventional UMTS, and its basic standardization is in progress under the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP).
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • the E-UMTS may be referred to as a long term evolution (LTE) system. Details of the technical specifications of the UMTS and E-UMTS may be understood with reference to Release 7 and Release 8 of “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network”.
  • the E-UMTS includes a user equipment (UE), base stations (eNode B; eNB), and an access gateway (AG) which is located at an end of a network (E-UTRAN) and connected to an external network.
  • the base stations may simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for a broadcast service, a multicast service and/or a unicast service.
  • One cell is set to one of bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz to provide a downlink or uplink transport service to several user equipments (UEs). Different cells may be set to provide different bandwidths.
  • one base station controls data transmission and reception for a plurality of UEs.
  • the base station transmits downlink (DL) scheduling information of downlink data to the corresponding UE to notify the corresponding UE of time and frequency domains to which data will be transmitted and information related to encoding, data size, and hybrid automatic repeat and request (HARQ).
  • DL downlink
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat and request
  • the base station transmits uplink (UL) scheduling information of uplink data to the corresponding UE to notify the corresponding UE of time and frequency domains that can be used by the corresponding UE, and information related to encoding, data size, and HARQ.
  • UL uplink
  • An interface for transmitting user traffic or control traffic may be used between the base stations.
  • a core network (CN) may include the AG and a network node or the like for user registration of the UE.
  • the AG manages mobility of the UE on a tracking area (TA) basis, wherein one TA includes a plurality of cells.
  • the technical task of the present invention is to provide a method of transmitting/receiving a D2D signal in a wireless communication system and apparatus therefor.
  • a method of receiving a D2D discovery signal of a D2D user equipment configured with a multitude of radio frequency chains in a wireless communication system including receiving a pool configuration indicating resources for the D2D user equipment to perform a D2D discovery and switching On-Off of a D2D receiver spare chain, wherein an interruption timing according to the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain On-Off is determined depending on a window size associated with a resource for performing the D2D discovery.
  • the D2D receiver spare chain may include a receiver chain configured to receive the D2D discovery signal in a dedicated manner.
  • the window size may be defined to indicate the On-Off of the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain before and after a radio resource candidate section for the D2D discovery indicated in the pool configuration.
  • the window size may be defined to indicate the On-Off of the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain before and after a section to which a radio resource for the D2D discovery indicated in the pool configuration is assigned.
  • the window size may be defined to indicate the On-Off of the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain before and after SLSS (sidelink synchronization signal) and the On-Off of the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain before and after a radio resource candidate section for the D2D discovery indicated in the pool configuration.
  • SLSS sidelink synchronization signal
  • the window size may be defined to indicate the On-Off of the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain before and after SLSS (sidelink synchronization signal) and the On-Off of the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain before and after a section to which a radio resource for the D2D discovery indicated in the pool configuration is assigned.
  • SLSS sidelink synchronization signal
  • the window size may be defined to indicate the On-Off of the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain before SLSS (sidelink synchronization signal) and after a radio resource candidate section for the D2D discovery indicated in the pool configuration.
  • the window size may be defined to indicate the On-Off of the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain before SLSS (sidelink synchronization signal) and after a section to which a radio resource for the D2D discovery indicated in the pool configuration is assigned.
  • a D2D user equipment configured with a multitude of radio frequency chains in a wireless communication system
  • the D2D user equipment including a radio frequency unit and a processor configured to receive a pool configuration indicating resources for the D2D user equipment to perform a D2D discovery and switch On-Off of a D2D receiver spare chain, wherein an interruption timing according to the switching of the D2D receiver spare chain On-Off is determined depending on a window size associated with a resource for performing the D2D discovery.
  • D2D signal transmission/reception can be efficiently performed in a wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a structure of E-UMTS network as one example of a wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of structures of control and user planes of a radio interface protocol between a user equipment and E-UTRAN based on 3GPP radio access network specification.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for physical channels used for 3GPP system and a general method of transmitting a signal using the physical channels.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for a structure of a radio subframe used by LTE system.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of a resource grid for a downlink slot.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for one example of a structure of a downlink subframe.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for one example of a structure of an uplink subframe.
  • FIG. 8 is a reference diagram to described D2D communication.
  • FIG. 9 is a reference diagram to describe one example of a configuration of a resource unit for D2D communication.
  • FIG. 10 shows a case that a discovery message related resource pool appears periodically.
  • FIG. 11 is a reference diagram to describe D2DSS SF configuration and D2DSS relay SF for the aforementioned in-coverage UE and an out-of-coverage UE.
  • FIG. 12 shows a location of a resource pool carrying D2DSS.
  • FIG. 13 is a reference diagram to describe options related to the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a reference diagram to compare DL GAPs necessary for neighbor cells of synchronization window lengths w 2 and w 1 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 shows multicarrier coverages related to the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 shows a multicarrier applied hetero-network.
  • FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 show the relations among eNB WAN DL, UE WAN UL and UE D2D RX according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 show the relations among eNB WAN DL, UE WAN UL and UE D2D RX according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 shows a base station and a user equipment applicable to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the following technology may be used for various wireless access technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA).
  • CDMA may be implemented by the radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000.
  • TDMA may be implemented by the radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE).
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • EDGE enhanced data rates for GSM evolution
  • the OFDMA may be implemented by the radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, and evolved UTRA (E-UTRA).
  • the UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS).
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system
  • 3GPP LTE 3rd generation partnership project long term evolution
  • E-UMTS evolved UMTS
  • DL downlink
  • SC-FDMA uplink
  • LTE-advanced LTE-advanced
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating structures of a control plane and a user plane of a radio interface protocol between a user equipment (UE) and E-UTRAN based on the 3GPP radio access network standard.
  • the control plane means a passageway where control messages are transmitted, wherein the control messages are used by the UE and the network to manage call.
  • the user plane means a passageway where data generated in an application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data are transmitted.
  • a physical layer as the first layer provides an information transfer service to an upper layer using a physical channel.
  • the physical layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer via a transport channel, wherein the medium access control layer is located above the physical layer.
  • Data are transferred between the medium access control layer and the physical layer via the transport channel.
  • Data are transferred between one physical layer of a transmitting side and the other physical layer of a receiving side via the physical channel.
  • the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.
  • the physical channel is modulated in accordance with an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme in a DL, and is modulated in accordance with a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) scheme in an uplink.
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
  • a medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer provides a service to a radio link control (RLC) layer above the MAC layer via a logical channel.
  • the RLC layer of the second layer supports reliable data transmission.
  • the RLC layer may be implemented as a functional block inside the MAC layer.
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • a radio resource control (RRC) layer located on the lowest part of the third layer is defined in the control plane only.
  • the RRC layer is associated with configuration, re-configuration and release of radio bearers (‘RBs’) to be in charge of controlling the logical, transport and physical channels.
  • the RB means a service provided by the second layer for the data transfer between the UE and the network.
  • the RRC layers of the UE and the network exchange RRC message with each other. If the RRC layer of the UE is RRC connected with the RRC layer of the network, the UE is in an RRC connected mode. If not so, the UE is in an RRC idle mode.
  • a non-access stratum (NAS) layer located above the RRC layer performs functions such as session management and mobility management.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • One cell constituting a base station eNB is set to one of bandwidths of 1.4, 3.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz and provides a DL or UL transmission service to several UEs. At this time, different cells may be set to provide different bandwidths.
  • DL transport channels carrying data from the network to the UE there are provided a broadcast channel (BCH) carrying system information, a paging channel (PCH) carrying paging message, and a DL shared channel (SCH) carrying user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages of a DL multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via the DL SCH or an additional DL multicast channel (MCH).
  • BCH broadcast channel
  • PCH paging channel
  • SCH DL shared channel
  • Traffic or control messages of a DL multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via the DL SCH or an additional DL multicast channel (MCH).
  • RACH random access channel
  • UL-SCH UL shared channel
  • BCCH broadcast control channel
  • PCCH paging control channel
  • CCCH common control channel
  • MCCH multicast control channel
  • MTCH multicast traffic channel
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating physical channels used in a 3GPP LTE system and a general method for transmitting a signal using the physical channels.
  • the UE performs initial cell search such as synchronizing with the base station when it newly enters a cell or the power is turned on at step S 301 .
  • the UE synchronizes with the base station by receiving a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the base station, and acquires information such as cell ID, etc.
  • P-SCH primary synchronization channel
  • S-SCH secondary synchronization channel
  • the UE may acquire broadcast information within the cell by receiving a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) from the base station.
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • the UE may identify a DL channel status by receiving a DL reference signal (DL RS) at the initial cell search step.
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • DL RS DL reference signal
  • the UE which has finished the initial cell search may acquire more detailed system information by receiving a physical DL shared channel (PDSCH) in accordance with a physical DL control channel (PDCCH) and information carried in the PDCCH at step S 302 .
  • PDSCH physical DL shared channel
  • PDCCH physical DL control channel
  • the UE may perform a random access procedure (RACH) such as steps S 303 to S 306 to complete access to the base station.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • the UE may transmit a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S 303 ), and may receive a response message to the preamble through the PDCCH and the PDSCH corresponding to the PDCCH (S 304 ).
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • S 304 the UE may perform a contention resolution procedure such as transmission (S 305 ) of additional physical random access channel and reception (S 306 ) of the physical DL control channel and the physical DL shared channel corresponding to the physical DL control channel.
  • the UE which has performed the aforementioned steps may receive the physical DL control channel (PDCCH)/physical DL shared channel (PDSCH) (S 307 ) and transmit a physical UL shared channel (PUSCH) and a physical UL control channel (PUCCH) (S 308 ), as a general procedure of transmitting UL/DL signals.
  • Control information transmitted from the UE to the base station will be referred to as UL control information (UCI).
  • the UCI includes hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgement/negative-ack (HARQ ACK/NACK), scheduling request (SR), channel state information (CSI), etc.
  • HARQ ACK/NACK will be referred to as HARQ-ACK or ACK/NACK (A/N).
  • the HARQ-ACK includes at least one of positive ACK (simply, referred to as ACK), negative ACK (NACK), DTX and NACK/DTX.
  • the CSI includes channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indication (RI), etc.
  • CQI channel quality indicator
  • PMI precoding matrix indicator
  • RI rank indication
  • the UCI is generally transmitted through the PUCCH, it may be transmitted through the PUSCH if control information and traffic data should be transmitted at the same time. Also, the UE may non-periodically transmit the UCI through the PUSCH in accordance with request/command of the network.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame used in an LTE system.
  • UL/DL data packet transmission is performed in a unit of subframe, wherein one subframe is defined by a given time interval that includes a plurality of OFDM symbols.
  • the 3GPP LTE standard supports a type 1 radio frame structure applicable to frequency division duplex (FDD) and a type 2 radio frame structure applicable to time division duplex (TDD).
  • FIG. 4( a ) is a diagram illustrating a structure of a type 1 radio frame.
  • the DL radio frame includes 10 subframes, each of which includes two slots in a time domain.
  • a time required to transmit one subframe will be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI).
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • one subframe may have a length of 1 ms
  • one slot may have a length of 0.5 ms.
  • One slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in a time domain and a plurality of resource blocks (RB) in a frequency domain. Since the 3GPP LTE system uses OFDM in a DL, OFDM symbols represent one symbol interval.
  • the OFDM symbol may be referred to as SC-FDMA symbol or symbol interval.
  • the resource block (RB) as a resource allocation unit may include a plurality of continuous subcarriers in one slot.
  • the number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be varied depending on configuration of a cyclic prefix (CP).
  • the CP include an extended CP and a normal CP.
  • the number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be 7.
  • the OFDM symbols are configured by the extended CP, since the length of one OFDM symbol is increased, the number of OFDM symbols included in one slot is smaller than that of OFDM symbols in case of the normal CP.
  • the number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be 6. If a channel state is unstable like the case where the UE moves at high speed, the extended CP may be used to reduce inter-symbol interference.
  • first maximum three OFDM symbols of each subframe may be allocated to a physical DL control channel (PDCCH), and the other OFDM symbols may be allocated to a physical DL shared channel (PDSCH).
  • PDCCH physical DL control channel
  • PDSCH physical DL shared channel
  • FIG. 4( b ) illustrates the structure of a type-2 radio frame.
  • the type-2 radio frame includes two half frames, each of which has 4 normal subframes including 2 slots and a special subframe including a downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS), a guard period (GP), and an uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS).
  • DwPTS downlink pilot time slot
  • GP guard period
  • UpPTS uplink pilot time slot
  • the DwPTS is used for initial cell search, synchronization, or channel estimation on a UE.
  • the UpPTS is used for channel estimation and acquisition of uplink transmission synchronization for a UE in an eNB. That is, the DwPTS is used for downlink transmission, and the UpPTS is used for uplink transmission.
  • the UpPTS is utilized for a PRACH preamble or SRS transmission.
  • the GP is a period between uplink and downlink, which is intended to eliminate uplink interference caused by multipath delay of a downlink signal.
  • D denotes a downlink subframe
  • U denotes an uplink subframe
  • S denotes the special subframe.
  • Table 2 also shows downlink-to-uplink switch-point periodicity in uplink/downlink subframe configuration of each system.
  • radio frame structures are merely illustrative, and various modifications may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots included in a subframe, or the number of symbols included in a slot.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a resource grid of a downlink slot.
  • the downlink slot includes a plurality of N symb DL OFDM symbols in a time domain and a plurality of N RB DL resource blocks in a frequency domain. Since each resource block includes N sc RB subcarriers, the downlink slot includes N RB DL ⁇ N sc RB subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates that the downlink slot includes seven OFDM symbols and the resource block includes twelve subcarriers, it is to be understood that the downlink slot and the resource block are not limited to the example of FIG. 5 .
  • the number of OFDM symbols included in the downlink slot may be varied depending on the length of the CP.
  • Each element on the resource grid will be referred to as a resource element (RE).
  • One resource element is indicated by one OFDM symbol index and one subcarrier index.
  • One RB includes N symb DL ⁇ N sc RB number of resource elements. The number N RB DL of resource blocks included in the downlink slot depends on a downlink transmission bandwidth configured in the cell.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a DL subframe.
  • a maximum of three (four) OFDM symbols located at the front of the first slot of the subframe correspond to a control region to which a control channel is allocated.
  • the other OFDM symbols correspond to a data region to which a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is allocated.
  • Examples of downlink control channels used in the LTE system include a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH).
  • the PCFICH is transmitted from the first OFDM symbol of the subframe, and carries information on the number of OFDM symbols used for transmission of the control channel within the subframe.
  • the PHICH carries hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (HARQ ACK/NACK) signals in response to UL transmission.
  • HARQ ACK/NACK hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement
  • the control information transmitted through the PDCCH will be referred to as downlink control information (DCI).
  • DCI includes resource allocation information for a user equipment or user equipment group.
  • the DCI includes uplink/downlink scheduling information, an uplink transmission (Tx) power control command, etc.
  • the PDCCH may include transport format and resource allocation information of a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH), transport format and resource allocation information of an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH), paging information on a paging channel (PCH), system information on the DL-SCH, resource allocation information of an upper layer control message such as a random access response transmitted on the PDSCH, a set of Tx power control commands of individual UEs within a random user equipment group, Tx power control command, and activity indication information of voice over Internet protocol (VoIP).
  • a plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted within the control region.
  • the UE may monitor the plurality of PDCCHs.
  • the PDCCH is transmitted on an aggregate of one or a plurality of continuous control channel elements (CCEs).
  • CCEs continuous control channel elements
  • the CCE is a logic allocation unit used to provide the PDCCH with a coding rate based on the status of a radio channel.
  • the CCE corresponds to a plurality of resource element groups (REGs).
  • the format of the PDCCH and the number of available bits of the PDCCH are determined depending on the number of CCEs.
  • the base station determines a PDCCH format depending on the DCI which will be transmitted to the user equipment, and attaches a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to the control information.
  • the CRC is masked with an identifier (for example, a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI)) depending on usage of the PDCCH or owner of the PDCCH.
  • RNTI radio network temporary identifier
  • the CRC may be masked with cell-RNTI (C-RNTI) of the corresponding user equipment.
  • C-RNTI cell-RNTI
  • the CRC may be masked with a paging identifier (for example, paging-RNTI (P-RNTI)).
  • P-RNTI paging-RNTI
  • SIB system information block
  • SI-RNTI system information RNTI
  • RA-RNTI random access RNTI
  • FIG. 7 is a view illustrating an exemplary UL subframe structure in LTE.
  • a UL subframe includes a plurality of (two) slots.
  • a slot may include a different number of SC-FDMA symbols according to a CP length.
  • the UL subframe is divided into a control region and a data region in the frequency domain.
  • a PUSCH carrying user data such as voice is allocated to the data region.
  • a PUCCH carrying UCI is allocated to the control region.
  • the PUCCH includes an RB pair located at both ends of the data region along the frequency axis and hops over a slot boundary.
  • the PUCCH may carry the following control information.
  • the amount of UCI that a UE may transmit in a subframe depends on the number of SC-FDMA symbols available for transmission of the UCI.
  • the SC-FDMA symbols available for transmission of the UCI are the remaining SC-FDMA symbols except for SC-FDMA symbols configured for transmitting RSs in the subframe.
  • the last SC-FDMA symbol of a subframe configured to carry an SRS is additionally excluded from the SC-FDMA symbols available for transmission of the UCI.
  • An RS is used for coherent detection of a PUCCH.
  • D2D device-to-device
  • D2D communication may or may not be network/coordination station (e.g., BS)-assisted.
  • BS network/coordination station
  • FIG. 8( a ) illustrates a scheme in which a network/coordination station intervenes in transmission and reception of a control signal (e.g., a grant message), HARQ, CSI, and so on, and only data is transmitted and received between D2D UEs.
  • FIG. 8( b ) illustrates a scheme in which the network provides only minimal information (e.g., D2D connection information available in a corresponding cell), and D2D UEs establish a link and transmit and receive data via the link.
  • D2D synchronization signal (transmission/reception) resources and D2DSS transmission conditions in a D2D communication environment according to the present disclosure
  • D2D communication refers to communication between UEs on a direct radio channel.
  • a UE is typically a terminal of a user
  • network equipment such as an eNB transmits/receives a signal in a UE-to-UE communication scheme
  • the eNB may be regarded as a kind of UE to which the present disclosure is applicable.
  • Wide area network (WAN) DL communication may refer to legacy communication such as transmission of an (enhanced) PDCCH ((E)PDCCH), a PDSCH, common reference signals (CRSs), or channel state information-reference signals (CSI-RSs) from an eNB to a UE.
  • WAN communication may refer to legacy communication such as transmission of a PRACH, a PUSCH, or a PUCCH from a UE to an eNB.
  • a UE that transmits a D2D signal is defined as a “D2D TX UE”, and a UE that receives a D2D signal is defined as a “D2D RX UE”, for the convenience of description.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure may be extended to i) a case where some of D2D UEs participating in D2D communication are within network coverage, and the other D2D UEs are outside the network coverage (D2D discovery/communication of partial network coverage), and/or ii) a case where all of D2D UEs participating in D2D communication are within network coverage (D2D discovery/communication within network coverage), and/or iii) a case where all of D2D UEs participating in D2D communication are outside network coverage (D2D discovery/communication outside network coverage (for public safety only)).
  • the UE may select a resource unit (RU) corresponding to specific resources from a resource pool being a set of contiguous resources, and transmits a D2D signal using the RU (i.e., a D2D TX UE operation). Then, the D2D RX UE receives information about the resource pool in which the D2D TX UE may transmit a signal, by signaling, and detects the signal of the D2D TX UE in the resource pool.
  • RU resource unit
  • the eNB may indicate the resource pool information
  • the eNB may indicate the resource pool information
  • another UE may indicate the resource pool information, or the resource pool may be determined to be predetermined resources.
  • a resource pool includes a plurality of RUs, and each UE may select one or more RUs and transmit its D2D signal in the selected RUs.
  • FIG. 9 is an exemplary view illustrating an RU configuration for D2D communication.
  • a total of NF ⁇ NT RUs are defined by dividing total frequency resources by NF and dividing total time resources by NT. It may be said that the resource pool is repeated every NT subframes (SFs). Characteristically, one RU may occur periodically as illustrated in FIG. 9 . Or to achieve time or frequency diversity, the index of a physical RU to which a logical RU is mapped may vary over time in a predetermined pattern.
  • a resource pool may mean a set of RUs available for D2D signal transmission of a D2D TX UE.
  • Resource pools may be categorized into a plurality of types.
  • the resource pools may be classified according to the content of D2D signals.
  • the content of D2D signals may be classified as follows, and a resource pool may be configured for each D2D content type.
  • different resource pools may be used according to the transmission/reception properties of the D2D signals.
  • different resource pools may further be defined depending on i) transmission timing determination schemes (e.g., transmission at the reception time of a reference synchronization signal, and transmission by applying a predetermined timing advance (TA) to the reception time of a reference synchronization signal) for the D2D signals, ii) resource allocation schemes (e.g., indication of transmission resources for an individual signal to an individual D2D TX UE by a cell, and autonomous selection of transmission resources for an individual signal from a pool by an individual D2D TX UE) for the D2D signals, or iii) the signal formats of the D2D signals (e.g., the number of symbols that each D2D signal occupies in one subframe or the number of subframes used for transmission of one D2D signal).
  • transmission timing determination schemes e.g., transmission at the reception time of a reference synchronization signal, and transmission by applying a predetermined timing advance (TA) to
  • resources may be allocated for transmission of a D2D data channel in the following two modes.
  • Resources for transmission of a discovery message may be allocated in the following two types.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates periodic occurrences of a discovery message-related resource pool (i.e., ‘discovery resource pool’).
  • the occurrence period of the resource pool is written as a ‘discovery resource pool period’.
  • a specific discovery resource pool(s) may be defined as a serving cell-related discovery TX/RX resource pool(s), and the other discovery resource pool(s) may be defined as a neighbor cell-related discovery RX resource pool(s).
  • in-coverage (or in-network (in-NW)) UE will be described.
  • the out-of-coverage UE does not transmit a D2DSS in more D2DSS resources than one.
  • two D2DSS resources are used for out-of-coverage.
  • the positions of D2DSS resources may be preset or signaled.
  • a D2D RX UE receives neighbor cell-related synchronization error information of w 1 /w 2 (by predefined higher-layer signaling), the D2D RX UE assumes a discovery reference synchronization window of size+w 1 +w 2 for a neighbor cell D2D resource (and/or a neighbor cell discovery resource pool) (refer to [Table 3]).
  • UE may assume for the purpose of discovery a reference synchronization window of size +/ ⁇ w1 ms for that neighbour cell with respect to neighbour cell D2DSS resource w1 is a fixed value and decided UE may assume D2DSS is transmitted in that cell If higher layer indicates w2 in a given neighbor cell, UE may assume for the purpose of discovery a reference synchronization window of size +/ ⁇ w2 ms for that neighbour cell with respect to neighbour cell discovery resource Exact value of w2 is decided RAN1 recommend w2 as not greater than CP length (of the order of CP length) UE expects that D2DSS indicated by the resource pool configuration appears only within signaled reference synchronization window
  • a maximum of one D2DSS resource (e.g., D2DSS SF) per cell may be configured for an in-coverage UE (e.g., UEa) located within the coverage of an eNB.
  • a (another) D2DSS resource e.g., a D2DSS relay SF
  • a D2DSS resource may be configured along with a (one) D2DSS resource aligned with the D2DSS resource for the in-coverage UE.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates the positions of resource pools in which a D2DSS is transmitted.
  • a D2DSS may be transmitted in the first SF of a discovery pool ((a)) or in an SF closest to the discovery pool, before the starting time of the discovery pool ((b)).
  • Different conditions for D2DSS transmission may be set for an in-coverage UE and an out-of-coverage UE. For example, it may be indicated to the in-coverage UE whether a D2DSS will be transmitted by i) dedicated signaling from an eNB, or ii) a (preset or signaled) RSRP reference. For example, it may be determined for an out-of-coverage UE whether a D2DSS will be transmitted, based on (energy) measurement/detection in demodulation RSs (DMRSs) of a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH).
  • DMRSs demodulation RSs
  • PSBCH physical sidelink broadcast channel
  • the out-of-coverage UE determines that there is no synchronization source (within the predetermined area/distance), and transmits a D2DSS (as an independent synchronization source (ISS)).
  • discovery (pool)-related D2DSS transmission has been focused in FIG. 12 , for the convenience of description, the present disclosure may also be extended to D2D communication (e.g., SA or D2D data) (pool)-related D2DSS transmission.
  • D2DSS transmission may be optional to D2D-capable UEs. Accordingly, for example, only a D2DSS-capale UE preferably transmits a D2DSS.
  • a discovery UE transmits a D2DSS in a single SF during each discovery period. This operation may be sufficient for discovery performed only for an in-NW UE.
  • the in-NW UE is synchronized with a cell, a frequency error between a TX UE and an RX UE is limited, and D2DSS detection in a single SF is highly reliable.
  • an additional condition may not be needed for D2DSS scanning because a serving cell provides D2DSS resources of neighbor cells and the D2DSS resources of a plurality of cells may be separated in time according to a network configuration.
  • a UE may not transmit a discovery signal in a resource pool, one of the reasons for which is collision with a WAN UL TX.
  • the UE transmits a discovery message in the discovery pool needs to be changed to “the UE intends to transmit a discovery message in the discovery pool”.
  • D2DSS transmission may first be determined whether D2DSS transmission needs to precede SA transmission (herein, data cannot be transmitted before the SA transmission). This is because there may not be a D2DSS resource before an SA SF within an SA/data period. In this case, a D2DSS may be transmitted after transmission of the SA. That is, if synchronization is required before SA reception, conditions similar to the foregoing conditions for discovery (discovery-related D2DSS transmission) may be additionally set.
  • D2DSS transmission in a single SF may not provide reliable synchronization performance to an out-NW UE(s) that may have a large initialization frequency offset. Accordingly, it is preferred that a D2DSS is transmitted in a plurality of SFs before SA transmission. For example, time limitation may be needed for the preceding D2DSS transmission. This is because if a time gap between a D2DSS SF and an SA SF is large, a UE has difficulty in accurately predicting the intention of SA transmission.
  • in-NW UEs need to transmit D2DSSs consecutively during a (preset) minimum time period.
  • the out-NW UEs may detect at least one D2DSS in a set of contiguous D2DSS transmission SFs.
  • out-NW UEs need to select a synchronization reference, measure a D2DSS to determine whether a D2DSS transmission condition is satisfied, and average proper (or reliable) measurements across a plurality of D2DSS SFs, random on-off of D2DSS transmission in units of 40 ms is preferably avoided.
  • a UE may be configured to transmit a D2DSS even though an SA or D2D data is not transmitted within an SA/data period.
  • this will be referred to as a “condition for continuing D2DSS transmission”.
  • the “condition for continuing D2DSS transmission” may be based on the principle that if a UE has transmitted a D2DSS at a previous time instant, the UE continues the D2DSS transmission during a (preset) time period. This principle may ensure continuous D2DSS transmission helpful for D2DSS detection and measurement of out-NW UEs.
  • FIG. 13 is a view referred to for describing Option 1-1 to Option 1-3.
  • Option 1-1 to Option 1-3 will be described with reference to FIG. 13 .
  • the eNB may determine at least a subset of SFs in which a D2DSS is not transmitted, and use the D2DSS resources of these SFs for cellular transmission (communication).
  • Option 2-1 to Option 2-3 may be considered.
  • a reference synchronization window for discovery may also be applied to communication, because the same D2DSS resource is shared between discovery and communication.
  • a UE may determine an accurate position of D2DSS transmission for discovery. Further, in the case of w 2 , a D2DSS may be omitted or transmitted outside a synchronization window. In consideration of this, a D2DSS (reception)-related UE assumption within the synchronization window may be limited to w 1 .
  • the reference synchronization window may be applied to both discovery and communication based on the principle that the “UE expects that a D2DSS indicated by the resource pool configuration appears only within a signaled reference synchronization window if w 1 is indicated”.
  • out-NW UEs will be described. For example, it is important to minimize the number of D2DSSs that an out-NW UE needs to track. That is, since the UE can track only a limited number of D2DSSs, if the number of D2DSSs related to an incoming SA and data exceeds a limit, the UE may not receive all incoming SAs and data.
  • a D2DSS sequence selection procedure for out-NW UEs is performed in the following three steps.
  • D2DSS_net a set of D2DSS sequence(s) transmitted by a UE when a transmission timing reference is an eNB
  • D2DSSue_oon a set of D2DSS sequence(s) transmitted by a UE when a transmission timing reference is not an eNB
  • Step 1 if an out-NW UE selects D2DSS X of D2DSSue_net as its TX timing reference, the UE selects D2DSS Y from D2DSSue_oon and transmits the selected D2DSS Y.
  • the UE may make the selection randomly, or may avoid/prevent selection of a D2DSS detected during a TX timing reference selection procedure.
  • Step 2 if the UE selects D2DSS Z from D2DSSue_oon as its TX timing reference, the UE transmits the same D2DSS Z, when transmitting a D2DSS.
  • Step 3 if the UE has D2D data traffic to be transmitted, the UE may become an ISS using a D2DSS selected randomly from D2DSSue_oon.
  • Step 2 enables a D2DSS relay operation that reduces the number of D2DSSs in the system, in consideration that a UE synchronized with a D2DSS transmits the same D2DSS to form a synchronization cluster sharing a common timing.
  • the ISS may maintain the ISS operation only when a D2DSS other than a D2DSS transmitted by the ISS is not detected during reselection.
  • the out-NW UE may determine a D2DSS sequence for use in D2DSS transmission.
  • a “detecting D2DSS” will be described in detail in the present disclosure. If an associated PD2DSCH is not decoded accurately or PD2DSCH reception quality is very poor, it is not proper to consider that a D2DSS has been detected and thus use the D2DSS as a reliable synchronization source. Specifically, if the associated PD2DSCH reception quality (e.g., the RSRQ of a PD2DSCH DM RS) is lower than a specific level, a UE may assume that a D2DSS has not been detected (therefore, the D2DSS does not affect D2D synchronization of the UE).
  • the associated PD2DSCH reception quality e.g., the RSRQ of a PD2DSCH DM RS
  • the D2DSS transmission condition formulation for an in-NW UE may be reused. If a UE other than an ISS detects a D2DSS from another UE, the UE transmits a D2DSS irrespective of whether its SA/data will be transmitted. That is, an additional condition may be required for D2DSS transmission of a non-ISS UE. For example, an RSRP threshold may be replaced with a D2DSS measurement threshold, and eNB configurations may be removed.
  • the afore-described D2DSS transmission preceding SA transmission and the afore-described condition for continuing D2DSS transmission may still be needed.
  • the following conditions may be configured to determine whether an out-NW UE will transmit a D2DSS in a single SF.
  • D2DSS resources are configured as D2DSS transmission resources, and an out-NW UE receives a D2DSS in one D2DSS resource from its synchronization reference and transmits a D2DSS in the other D2DSS resource.
  • an out-of-coverage UE uses a periodic synchronization resource in D2DSS transmission.
  • a PD2DSCH may be transmitted (when supported), for D2DSS transmission.
  • the size of the synchronization resource may be predefined and the period of the synchronization resource may also be preset.
  • a D2DSS synchronization source When a D2DSS synchronization source transmits a D2DSS in a synchronization resource, it transmits the D2DSS in at least one synchronization resource, and receives a D2DSS at least in the other synchronization resource(s).
  • the synchronization resource that transmits (and/or) receives a D2DSS may be predetermined.
  • a timing offset may be set between the synchronization resource for D2DSS reception and the synchronization resource for D2DSS transmission.
  • the UE should not transmit any (other) D2D signal/channel in a (D2DSS) SF unused for its D2DSS transmission, to thereby make sure to receive D2DSSs from other UEs.
  • D2DSS D2DSS
  • a D2D-silent period is required during a D2DSS reselection procedure of a UE.
  • a synchronization resource occurs periodically and a UE does not transmit any (other) D2D signal/channel in (other) synchronization resources except for synchronization resources used for its D2DSS transmission
  • eNBs and UEs that are not synchronized with the periodic synchronization resources may transmit D2DSSs (in synchronization resources unused for transmission of the UE's D2DSS).
  • D2D-silent period for D2D scanning without disturbance (or interference) from transmissions of nearby D2D UEs, so that UEs may efficiently scan potential asynchronous D2DSSs. If this period is not defined, the out-NW UE may not detect a weak D2DSS with high priority transmitted by an eNB or an in-NW UE, due to interference from other out-NW UEs.
  • the present disclosure may support scanning of other synchronization sources by an out-NW UE by defining a “D2D-silent period” as a multiple of the length of a D2DSS period.
  • FDD carriers At least for UEs with a single Rx chain (FFS subject to the UE capability discussion whether this also applies for UEs with a shared D2D/cellular Rx chain), a UE that is receiving D2D discovery signals on an UL carrier is not expected to read DL signals on the DL carrier paired to such UL carrier during the subframes belonging to the D2D discovery pools on that UL carrier as well as one subframe preceding and following these subframes
  • the discovery pools are configured by the eNB by broadcast or UE-specific signaling
  • FFS For RRC_CONNECTED UEs, 1 bit may be signalled using RRC signaling indicating whether this rule applies or not (on a per UE basis) Cellular measurement gaps subframes are excluded from this rule Paging reception is prioritized over D2D reception
  • TDD carriers A UE configured by the eNB to monitor D2D on a certain carrier is expected to read DL signals on that carrier according to legacy procedures.
  • [Table 3] illustrates an exemplary synchronization assumption/configuration with which a D2D RX UE receives an inter-cell discovery signal (or a neighbor cell discovery signal). For example, if a D2D RX UE receives neighbor cell-related synchronization error information of w 1 /w 2 (by predefined higher-layer signaling), the D2D RX UE assumes a discovery reference synchronization window of size+w 1 /+w 2 for a neighbor cell D2D resource (and/or a neighbor cell discovery resource cell) (refer to [Table 3]).
  • the D2D RX UE assumes that it may receive a neighbor-cell D2DSS within a range from ‘SF#N ⁇ w 1 ’ to ‘SF#N+w 1 ’. If the D2D RX UE receives neighbor cell-related synchronization error information of w 2 (by predefined higher-layer signaling), the D2D RX UE assumes a discovery reference synchronization window of size+w 2 for a neighbor-cell discovery resource.
  • the D2D RX UE assumes that it may receive a neighbor-cell discovery signal within a range from ‘SF#K-w 2 ’ to ‘SF#K+w 2 ’.
  • the present disclosure proposes methods for efficiently receiving a WAN DL signal(s) in a DL SF(s) overlapped at least partially in the time domain, when a D2D RX UE with a single RX chain receives a D2D signal(s) in a preset or signaled D2D signal resource pool and/or a D2DSS(s) (linked to the D2D signal resource pool) under a D2D communication environment.
  • SRXCH_D2D RX UE For the convenience of description, a D2D RX UE with a single RX chain will be referred to as an “SRXCH_D2D RX UE”.
  • SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be extended to (interpreted as) a UE having fewer RX chains than the number of RX chains needed for simultaneous reception of a WAN DL signal/channel and/or a D2D signal/channel.
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE has difficulty in simultaneously receiving a D2D signal(s) (i.e., UL carrier #X) and a WAN DL signal(s) (i.e., DL carrier #X paired with UL carrier #X), or a D2DSS(s) and a WAN DL signal(s), which are overlapped at least partially (i.e., fully or partially) on different carriers (or in different frequency bands).
  • a D2D signal(s) i.e., UL carrier #X
  • a WAN DL signal(s) i.e., DL carrier #X paired with UL carrier #X
  • D2DSS(s) and a WAN DL signal(s) which are overlapped at least partially (i.e., fully or partially) on different carriers (or in different frequency bands).
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE receives i) a D2D signal(s) (/D2DSS(s)) and a WAN DL signal(s) or ii) a D2DSS(s) and a WAN DL signal(s), which are transmitted in different time areas of different carriers (or frequency bands), by carrier (or frequency band) switching of the single RX chain.
  • a DL SF(s) overlapped at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) in the time domain may be interpreted as at least one of i) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with all SF(s) within a time period to which a D2D signal resource pool configuration-related bitmap is applied, ii) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with a (D2D signal resource pool or D2D signal(s) reception-related valid) D2DSS(s), iii) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with one SF preceding and following a D2D signal resource pool (illustrated in [Table 4]) (i.e., an SF(s) for ensuring a time required for carrier (or frequency band) switching of a single RX chain),
  • a DL SF(S) such a DL SF(S) will be referred to as an “INV_DL SF(S)” (or “DL gap”), and when a SRXCH_D2D RX UE receives a D2D signal(s)/D2DSS(S), it may be interpreted that the SRXCH_D2D RX UE does not receive a WAN DL signal(s) in a corresponding INV_DL SF(S) (or DL GAP). Further, a preset or signaled D2D signal resource pool may be interpreted as at least one of a serving cell-related D2D signal resource pool and/or a neighbor cell-related D2D signal resource pool.
  • At least one valid D2DSS resource position may be assumed according to the afore-described D2DSS resource configuration.
  • the following embodiments of the present disclosure are based on the assumption that an SRXCH_D2D RX UE receives a discovery signal(s) in a preset or signaled (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pool, and/or a D2DSS(s) (linked to the (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pool).
  • the proposed methods of the present disclosure may be extended to a case in which a different type of D2D signal (e.g., a D2D communication signal) is received. It may also be configured that the proposed methods are applied restrictively to FDD carrier-based D2D signal/D2DSS reception.
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE when an SRXCH_D2D RX UE receives a D2DSS(s) linked to a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pool, the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be configured to assume that not only i) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with a corresponding D2DSS resource(s) (or a D2DSS SF(s)) but also ii) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with one SF preceding and following a D2DSS resource(s) (or D2DSS SF(S)) (i.e., an SF(s) for ensuing a time required for carrier (or frequency band) switching of a single RX chain) is an INV_DL SF(S).
  • an INV_DL SF(S) may be defined/configured according to at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of the following rules.
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE assumes that a neighbor-cell D2DSS may be received within a range from ‘SF#N ⁇ w 1 ’ to ‘SF#N+w 1 ’ (i.e., in the case where a neighbor-cell D2DSS resource is configured in serving-cell SF#N), or ii) the SRXCH_D2D RX UE assumes that a neighbor-cell discovery signal may be received within a range from ‘SF#K-w 2 ’ to ‘SF#K+w 2 ’ (i.e., in the case where a neighbor-cell discovery resource is configured in serving-cell SF#K).
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE should blind-search an area ranging from ‘SF#N ⁇ w 1 ’ to ‘SF#N+w 1 ’, for neighbor-cell D2DSS reception (or detection) (i.e., in the case where a neighbor-cell D2DSS resource is configured in serving-cell SF#N).
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be configured to assume that not only i) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘SF#N-CEILING(w 1 )’ to ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 1 )’, but also ii) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with one SF preceding or following the area ranging from ‘SF#N-CEILING(w 1 )’ to ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 1 )’ (i.e., an SF(s) for ensuring a time required for carrier (or frequency band) switching of a single Rx chain) is an INV_DL SF(
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE assumes that a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘SF#N-CEILING(w 1 ) ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 1 )+1’ is an INV_DL SF(S).
  • CEILING(X) represents a function of deriving a smallest integer equal to or greater than X.
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be configured to finally assume that a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘SF#N-CEILING(w 1 )’ to ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 1 )’ is an INV_DL SF(s).
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE should blind-search an area ranging from ‘SF#P ⁇ w 1 ’ to ‘SF#P+w 1 ’, for neighbor-cell discovery signal reception(/detection) (i.e., in the case where a neighbor-cell discovery resource is configured in serving-cell SF#P) due to a D2D RX neighbor cell-related synchronization error (in the same situation).
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be configured to assume that i) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘(STARTING) SF-CEILING(w 1 ) ⁇ 1 of a neighbor-cell discovery pool’ to ‘(ENDING) SF+CEILING(w 1 )+1 of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’ is an INV_DL_SF(s), or ii) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘(STARTING) SF-CEILING(w 1 ) of a neighbor-cell discovery pool’ to ‘(ENDING) SF+CEILING(w 1 ) of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’ is an INV_DL_SF(s) (in the case where w 1 is smaller than a preset or signaled threshold), or iii) a DL SF(
  • the ending SF of a time period to which a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) discovery pool configuration-related bitmap is applied is a non-D2D SF (or a non-discovery SF)
  • a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with one SF following the ending SF is not assumed to be an INV_DL SF(S).
  • SFs are arranged in the order of “non-D2D SF, D2D SF, non-D2D SF” in the time period to which the (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) discovery pool configuration-related bitmap is applied, it may be configured that a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with one SF preceding and following the D2D SF is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(S).
  • SFs are arranged in the order of “non-discovery SF, discovery SF, non-discovery SF” in the time period to which the (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) discovery pool configuration-related bitmap is applied, it may be configured that a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with one SF preceding and following the discovery SF is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(S).
  • D2DSS transmission is configured in a (UL) SF(s) for which the bitmap does not indicate ‘1’ (i.e., meaning that the (UL) SF(s) is configured as a D2D SF (or a discovery SF)) or the (UL) SF(s) is defined as a D2DSS resource, it may be configured that D2D transmission is performed exceptionally in the (UL) SF(s).
  • D2DSS transmission is configured in a (UL) SF(s) for which the bitmap does not indicate ‘1’ (i.e., meaning that the (UL) SF(s) is configured as a D2D SF (or a discovery SF)) or the (UL) SF(s) is defined as a D2DSS resource, it may be configured that D2D transmission is not performed exceptionally in the (UL) SF(s).
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be configured to assume that a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with one of an area ranging from ‘SF#N ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+1’, an area ranging from ‘SF#N-CEILING(w 2 ) ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 2 )+1’, and an area ranging from ‘SF#N-FLOOR(w 2 ) ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+FLOOR(
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE should blind-search an area ranging from ‘SF#P ⁇ w 2 ’ to ‘SF#P+w 2 ’, for reception/detection of a neighbor-cell discovery signal due to a D2D RX neighbor cell-related synchronization error (i.e., in the case where a neighbor-cell discovery resource is configured in serving-cell SF#P).
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be configured to assume that a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with i) an area ranging from ‘the starting SF-1 of a neighbor-cell discovery pool’ to ‘the ending SF+1 of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’, ii) an area ranging from ‘the starting SF-CEILING(w 2 ) ⁇ 1 of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’ to ‘the ending SF+CEILING(w 2 )+1 of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’, and iii) an area ranging from ‘the starting SF-FLOOR(w 2 ) ⁇ 1 of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’ to ‘the ending SF+FLOOR(w 2 )+1 of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’ is an INV_DL SF(S).
  • the (RRC_IDLE) D2D UE may be configured not to receive a discovery signal in an SF(s) of the (neighbor-cell/serving-cell cell) D2D signal resource pool, overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘SF#N ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF
  • the (RRC_IDLE) D2D UE may be configured not to receive a D2DSS in a (neighbor-cell/serving-cell) D2DSS(s) (or D2DSS resource) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘SF#N ⁇ 1’
  • the (RRC_IDLE) D2D UE may be configured not to receive a discovery signal in a (neighbor-cell/serving-cell) D2D signal resource pool overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with a reception time of the paging signal (and/or SIB).
  • Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure if i) the difference between a preset or signaled neighbor-cell D2DSS resource offset and a preset or signaled neighbor-cell discovery resource pool offset or ii) the difference between ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 1 )+1’ (or ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 1 )’) for configuring an INV_DL SF(s) related to neighbor-cell D2DSS reception and ‘starting SF-CEILING(w 1 ) ⁇ 1’ of a neighbor-cell discovery pool (or ‘starting SF-CEILING(w 1 )’ of the neighbor-cell discovery pool) for configuring an INV_DL SF(s) related to neighbor-cell discovery signal reception, as described in Example 1-1, is smaller than a preset or signaled threshold, it may be configured that a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area between ‘SF#N+CEILING(
  • the assumption/configuration may be interpreted as meaning that if i) the difference between a preset or signaled neighbor-cell D2DSS resource offset and a preset or signaled neighbor-cell discovery resource pool offset or ii) the difference between ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 1 )+1’ (or ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 1 )’) for configuring an INV_DL SF(s) related to neighbor-cell D2DSS reception and ‘starting SF-CEILING(w 1 ) ⁇ 1’ of a neighbor-cell discovery pool (or ‘starting SF-CEILING(w 1 ) of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’) for configuring an INV_DL SF(s) related to neighbor-cell discovery signal reception, as described in Example 1-1, is greater than a preset or signaled threshold, it may be configured that a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area between ‘SF#N+
  • a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2DSS resource with a preset or configured periodicity may be linked to a plurality of (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pools.
  • one (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2DSS configuration may be used for a plurality of (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pools.
  • the (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2DSS resource period may be fixed to 40 ms.
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may configure an INV_DL SF(s) according to Method #1, taking into account only a (preceding or following) (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2DSS linked to a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pool that the SRXCH_D2D RX UE intends to actually receive (i.e., the latest SF of the D2DSS resource before the start of the discovery pool).
  • this configuration/assumption may be interpreted as meaning that the SRXCH_D2D RX UE does not configure an INV_DL SF(s) in consideration of a linked (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2DSS preceding (or before) a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pool that the SRXCH_D2D RX UE does not receive or does not want to receive.
  • Application of the configuration/assumption may reduce excessive INV_DL SF(s) configuration caused by a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2DSS.
  • the assumption/configuration may be applied restrictively to a case in which the SRXCH_D2D RX UE is instructed by predefined dedicated signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) (from the serving cell) to perform a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) discovery signal reception only in a specific (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pool.
  • predefined dedicated signaling e.g., RRC signaling
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may configure an INV_DL SF(s) according to Method #1, taking into account only a (preceding or following) (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2DSS linked to a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pool (i.e., the latest SF of the D2DSS resource before the start of the discovery pool).
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be configured to configure an INV_DL SF(s) (according to the afore-described Method #1 or Method #2) in consideration of the preset or signaled Q (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2SS(s) preceding (or before) the (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pool.
  • the discovery pools RRC configuration can indicate a usage index per pool to reserve the pool for specific usages If more than 1 resource pool with the same usage index is configured for type 1 discovery, the network configures the method for the UE to select the resource pool among the pools with a given usage index; the following methods are supported: Random, subject to meeting the UE and network power configurations Default if no other method is configured UE RSRP measurement For each pool, an upper RSRP value and a lower RSRP value are configured For each value: ⁇ infinity, ⁇ 110 . . . ⁇ 60, +infinity ⁇ dBm, increments of 10 dB
  • a 1-ms margin preceding or following a discovery pool is not sufficient to accommodate the ambiguity of a cell timing.
  • a DL gap should be defined as SFs belonging to discovery resource pools of the neighbor cell on a UL carrier, (ceil(w 1 )+1) SFs preceding the SFs, and (ceil(w 1 )+1) SFs following the SFs.
  • a UE needs to receive a D2DSS in the first SF of the discovery pool or in an SF closest to the first SF of the discovery pool, before the discovery pool.
  • a D2DSS SF related to a discovery pool of a neighbor cell, (ceil(w 1 )+1) SFs preceding the D2DSS SF, and (ceil(w 1 )+1) SFs following the D2DSS SF need to be configured as an (additional) DL gap.
  • FIG. 14 is a view referred for comparing DL gaps required for neighbor cells with synchronization window lengths of w 2 and w 1 .
  • FIG. 14( a ) illustrates a DL gap required for a neighbor cell with a synchronization window length of w 2
  • FIG. 14( b ) illustrates a DL gap required for a neighbor cell with a synchronization window length of w 1 .
  • a DL gap for a discovery pool and an associated D2DSS SF is a single continuous DL gap or two independent (separate) DL gaps may be additionally considered. Also, whether a DL gap for a D2DSS SF can be configured for a D2DSS-incapable UE may be considered.
  • a DL gap related to discovery may be applied to discovery pools of a serving cell or discovery pools of a neighbor cell for which a synchronization window length of w 2 is indicated.
  • a DL gap may be configured for discovery pools, D2DSS SFs related to the discovery pools, (ceil(w 1 )+1) SFs preceding the D2DSS SFs, and (ceil(w 1 )+1) SFs following the D2DSS SFs.
  • a DL gap may be unnecessary for some UEs according to the capabilities of the UEs and a CA configuration.
  • the UE may not need a DL gap for reception of a discovery signal.
  • UE capability signaling indicating a condition (for the UE) requiring a DL gap (or indicating whether a DL gap is necessary) may be defined (refer to [Table 6]).
  • a D2D communication capable UE shall be able to be a transmitting UE using Mode 1 when it is inside network coverage, and, at the same time, it also shall be able to be a transmitting UE using Mode 2 when it is at the edge-of-coverage and/or outside network coverage.
  • edge-of- coverage is not cleared specified, but we think that it can include the exceptional case which uses Mode 2 for the resource allocation.
  • a UE can operate in two modes for resource allocation: Mode 1: eNodeB or rel-10 relay node schedules the exact resources used by a UE to transmit direct data and direct control information FFS: if semi-static resource pool restricting the available resources for data and/or control is needed Mode 2: a UE on its own selects resources from resource pools to transmit direct data and direct control information FFS if the resource pools for data and control are the same FFS: if semi-static and/or pre-configured resource pool restricting the available resources for data and/or control is needed D2D communication capable UE shall support at least Mode 1 for in-coverage D2D communication capable UE shall support Mode 2 for at least edge-of- coverage and/or out-of-coverage FFS: Definition of out-of-coverage, edge-of-coverage, in-coverage It may be possible to separate the two discovery types in the supported features.
  • the difference in the transmitter behavior in the two types may not be significant:
  • the resource allocation within each discovery period would be identical, and the only difference is random selection vs. deterministic resource hopping across discovery periods.
  • the receiver behavior is expected to be identical in the two discovery types, i.e., a receiver UE blindly searches each reception pool with no knowledge about the discovery type used in the transmitters.
  • the D2DSS-related feature can be separated from the features of communication and discovery. For example, if a UE is intended to be operated only inside the coverage of synchronized networks, the D2DSS- related operations do not need to be implemented.
  • D2DSS can support inter-cell D2D in un-synchronized networks because high layer signaling provides the cell ID together with the resource pools of neighboring cells [1] and such a UE can receive D2D signals from neighboring cell UEs by using PSS/SSS/CRS. Details of D2DSS features can be different in discovery and communication. By the following agreement, D2DSS in discovery does not require any PD2DSCH-related operations, while a communication UE should be able to transmit PD2DSCH if it can transmit D2DSS.
  • supporting PD2DSCH means supporting D2DSS as well, thus the feature PD2DSCH can have D2DSSue_net and D2DSSue_oon as the prerequisite. It would be a natural consequence that a UE which is not capable of D2DSS cannot transmit or receive D2D communication when it is outside network coverage, but such a UE may be able to communicate with some out-coverage UEs if these out-coverage UEs are synchronized to the serving cell timing which is relayed by D2DSS transmitted from some other in-coverage UEs.
  • Table 1 The above discussions lead to the D2D features listed in Table 1.
  • D2D feature combinations are listed in Table 2, and we note that more combinations can be considered, e.g., Feature B + D in the future releases where discovery for out-NW UEs is necessary.
  • Table 1 List of the D2D features Feature Description D2DSSue_net (Feature A) The UE can transmit and receive D2DSS in D2DSSue_net. PD2DSCH (Feature B) The UE can transmit and receive D2DSS in D2DSSue_oon and PD2DSCH. The feature A is the prerequisite. D2D communication The UE can transmit and receive SA and data using Mode 1 and Mode 2. (Feature C) D2D discovery (FeatureD) The UE can transmit and receive discovery messages.
  • Inter-cell discovery and communication can be supported communication without D2DSS by using neighboring cell's PSS/SSS/CRS.
  • Case 6 Discovery and Feature B + C + D (A is the prerequisite of B).
  • Inter-cell discovery and communication with D2DSS communication based on D2DSS is supported. Communication outside network coverage is supported.
  • Proposal 1 As the baseline, four D2D features are defined for D2DSSUE_net, PD2DSCH (including D2DSSue_net and D2DSSue_oon), D2D communication, and D2D discovery. Inter-cell D2D or out- coverage D2D can be supported by a proper combination of these features.
  • D2D FREQUENCY BANDS In general, the eNB needs to know the D2D frequency bands supported by each UE. This knowledge is necessary especially for the assessment of impact across D2D and WAN which appears differently in the D2D reception and D2D transmission.
  • A. ISSUES IN D2D RECEPTIONS It seems natural to define a list of frequency bands in which the UE can receive D2D. In defining the related UE capability, the impact of D2D reception on the WAN operation needs to be addressed together.
  • the related agreement can be summarized as follows: For communication, receiving D2D in a FDD UL band may reduce the DL CA/MIMO capability [2].
  • receiving D2D in a FDD UL band requires “DL gap” in the paired DL band.
  • One solution to reflect the agreement for communication can be to inform the network of the DL CA/MIMO capability which will be supported if the UE needs to participate in receiving communication in a certain frequency band.
  • a UE reports the frequency band where D2D communication reception is supported with a certain DL CA band combination and MIMO capability.
  • Detailed capability signaling design can be discussed in RAN2.
  • discovery reception capability if it is supported for the eNB to control the configuration of “DL gap” for discovery [4], it can be useful if the eNB knows in which condition a certain UE requires such DL gap.
  • Proposal 2 For communication, a UE reports the frequency band(s) where it supports D2D communication reception per each supported band combination. It can be discussed whether the same capability signaling is also used to report the impact of D2D discovery on WAN DL reception. Another issue is related to WAN TX as per the agreement of supporting “Simultaneous D2D RX on CC1 and WAN TX on CC2 from RAN1 perspective.” As this feature is related to the frequency separation and UE implementation, it seems reasonable to inform the network of the band combination in which this simultaneous operation is supported.
  • a UE can indicate a list of ⁇ CC1, CC2 ⁇ , each of which represents the band combination in which the simultaneous D2D RX on CC1 and WAN TX on CC2 is supported (or such simultaneous operation is not supported equivalently). Based on this information, the eNB can decide in which combination of D2D RX and WAN TX UL scheduling restriction is necessary for a UE participating in D2D reception.
  • Proposal 3 A UE reports a list of band combinations, each of which represents the support (or no support) of simultaneous D2D RX and WAN TX.
  • a D2D-capable UE can transmit D2D on a carrier frequency if it can transmit WAN in the same carrier. If the answer is yes, no additional band combination signaling is necessary to indicate the carrier frequency in which D2D TX is supported. In the last meeting, it was agreed to support “simultaneous D2D TX on CC1 and WAN TX on CC2 from RAN1 perspective.” As discussed in [5], the feasibility of such simultaneous TX is dependent of the TX timing of D2D and WAN. When the transmit timing of the two carriers is the same, it is basically the same as conventional UL CA from the RF point of view, so no specific issues are expected other than handling the power limited case which is discussed in [6].
  • TAG Timing advance group
  • UE can support simultaneous transmissions as far as the timing misalignment is not greater than 32.47 us. If UE is not able to support misaligned transmissions of WAN UL in the two carriers, the maximum supported timing misalignment is zero for the two carriers and it can be assumed that simultaneous TX of D2D and WAN is not supported with misaligned timing.
  • a UE can transmit WAN in CC1 and CC2, it can transmit D2D in CC1 as long as the timing difference from the WAN TX in CC2 does not exceed the upper bound in the capability of the UE.
  • Proposal 4 As the baseline, it is assumed that a UE supports simultaneous TX of D2D on a carrier and WAN UL on another carrier if the two carriers belong to the supported band combination for WAN TX and the timing difference is less than the upper bound in its capability.
  • controllability on a DL gap for UE-specific discovery is needed to minimize DL SF loss.
  • an eNB controls a DL gap, it should be determined whether to configure a DL gap for a specific resource pool and/or a specific cell.
  • a UE may not be interested in receiving a discovery signal transmitted in a pool having a specific usage index. It may also be impossible for the UE to receive a discovery signal transmitted from a specific neighbor cell due to the distance from the cell.
  • the eNB may control a DL gap configuration in a pool-specific/neighbor cell-specific manner according to the present disclosure.
  • a CSI reference resource (e.g., SF#n) related to CSI reporting belongs to the DL gap
  • the CSI reference resource may be replaced with a valid DL SF closest to SF#n before SF#n, (which is not located in the DL gap).
  • the UE may be defined to report a predefined CSI value.
  • An operation related to a discontinuous reception (DRX) counter may also be defined. For example, since the UE may receive a PDCCH in another serving cell (i.e., another aggregated carrier) in which a D2D discovery signal is not received, the UE may maintain (or perform) DRX counting even in the DL gap.
  • DRX discontinuous reception
  • an INV_DL SF(S) is configured according to the afore-descried Method #1/Method #2/Method #3, it may be defined that the SRXCH_D2D RX UE conducts WAN communication according to at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of the following Example 4-1 to Example 4-3.
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be configured to assume that the IMR is not valid. It may be configured that a CSI report is transmitted/calculated (re)using an IMR included in a non-INV_DL SF closest to the INV_DL SF before the INV_DL SF, the CSI report is omitted, or CSI of a predefined specific value (e.g., out-of-range (OOR)) is reported.
  • IMR interference measurement resource
  • the SRXCH_D2D RX UE may be configured to assume that the CSI reference resource is not valid.
  • the CSI report is transmitted/calculated (re)using/(re)assuming, as a CSI reference resource, a DL SF which is at once a non-INVL_DL_SF closest to the INV_DL SF (or the earliest non-INV_DL SF) before the INV_DL SF and a valid DL SF, the CSI report is omitted, or CSI set to a predefined value (e.g., OOR) is reported.
  • a predefined value e.g., OOR
  • Example 4-1 application of the afore-described Example 4-1 may be interpreted as meaning that an INV_DL SF is not used for CSI measurement.
  • the CSI measurement means at least one of desired signal measurement and/or interference measurement.
  • it may be configured that not a D2D signal reception but a WAN communication-related CSI measurement operation is performed in the INV_DL SF.
  • the INV_DL SF may be configured not to be used for radio resource management (RRM) and/or radio link monitoring (RLM).
  • RRM radio resource management
  • RLM radio link monitoring
  • Example 4-1 it may be configured that a CSI reference resource related to calculation of (periodic/aperiodic) CSI reported at a specific time instant is redetected only within a predefined or signaled time window (hereinafter, referred to as “WIN_SIZE”). As the time window is configured, excessive outdated CSI reporting may be reduced.
  • WIN_SIZE a CSI reference resource related to calculation of (periodic/aperiodic) CSI reported at a specific time instant is redetected only within a predefined or signaled time window
  • SF#(R-4) being a CSI reference resource related to calculation/derivation of (periodic/aperiodic) CSI reported in SF#R is an INV_DL SF
  • a closest (or earliest) CSI reference resource before SF#(R-4) is redetected only within an area ranging from ‘SF#(R-4-1)’ to ‘SF#(R-4-WIN_SIZE)’.
  • a valid IMR related to calculation of (periodic/aperiodic) CSI reported at a specific time instant is redetected only within a predefined or signaled time window. For example, if SF#(R-5) having an IMR related to calculation/derivation of (periodic/aperiodic) CSI reported in SF#R is an INV_DL SF, a closest (or earliest) IMR before SF#(R-5), which satisfies the condition of an IMR located in a non-INV_DL SF, is redetected only within an area ranging from ‘SF#(R-5-1)’ to ‘SF#(R-5-WIN_SIZE)’ according to the foregoing configuration/assumption.
  • Example 4-2 if a valid CSI reference resource and/or a valid IMR does not exist or is not reselected in a re-search area based on a predefined or signaled time window, it may be configured that a corresponding CSI report is omitted or CSI set to a predefined specific value (e.g., OOR) is reported.
  • a predefined specific value e.g., OOR
  • EIMTA MODE D2D communication and dynamic switching for radio resources
  • EIMTA DCI a dynamic switching indicator for radio resources
  • UE#Z may be configured not to perform EIMTA DCI monitoring (or reception) in the INV_DL SF.
  • UE#Z may be configured to perform EIMTA DCI monitoring (or reception), not D2D signal reception, in the INV_DL SF.
  • reception of a predefined specific WAN DL signal is prioritized over at least one of i) (serving cell/neighbor cell-related) D2D signal reception, ii) (serving cell/neighbor cell-related) discovery signal reception, or iii) reception of a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2DSS(s) linked to a (serving-cell/neighbor-cell) D2D signal resource pool(s).
  • the WAN DL signal may be defined as a paging signal (and/or an SIB).
  • a D2D UE should receive a paging signal (and/or SIB) (SF#N) during one of reception of a (neighbor-cell/serving-cell) discovery signal in a (neighbor-cell/serving-cell) D2D signal resource pool and reception of a (neighbor-cell/serving-cell) D2DSS linked to the (neighbor-cell/serving-cell) D2D signal resource pool, at least one of i) a configuration that the D2D UE does not perform a discovery signal reception operation in an SF(s) in the (neighbor-cell/serving-cell) D2D signal resource pool, overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘SF#N ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+1’ (or ‘SF#N’), and ii) a configuration that the D2D UE does not perform a D2DSS reception operation in a (neig
  • PHICH reception in ‘SF#N’ (or the area ranging from ‘SF#N ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+1’), i) at least one of PHICH reception, EIMTA DCI reception, random access response reception, reception of message 4 (i.e., a contention resolution message) (in a contention-based random access procedure), and PHICH reception related to (re)transmission of message 3 (i.e., a PUSCH) (in the contention-based random access procedure) (which are not performed/valid in an INV_DL SF(s) due to application of Method #4) is performed, and/or ii) at least one of an IMR and a CSI reference resource in ‘SF#N’ (or the area ranging from ‘SF#N ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+1’) is assumed to be valid. It may be configured that this configuration is applied restrictively to an SRXCH_D2D RX UE.
  • message 4 i.e., a contention resolution message
  • PHICH reception related to (re)transmission of message 3 i.e., a PUSCH
  • D2D UE capability/operation of simultaneously receiving a D2D signal (i.e., a UL spectrum)/WAN DL signal (i.e., a DL spectrum) under an FDD environment is illustrated in [Table 7].
  • UE is able to receive simultaneously on the DL and UL spectrum of FDD carriers supporting D2D •
  • UE may not be able to receive simultaneously on the DL and UL spectrum of FDD carriers supporting D2D •
  • Public safety UEs are assumed to be able to simultaneously perform cellular on DL carrier and D2D on associated UL carrier for FDD band]
  • non-public safety UE may not be able to receive simultaneously on the DL and UL spectrum of FDD carriers supporting D2D ⁇
  • There is no simultaneous operation of CA and D2D required for Rel-12 D2D communication if we assume 2 DL CA capable UEs - RAN4: ⁇ RAN1 asks feasibility and implication of simultaneous reception of cellular on DL spectrum and D2D associated UL spectrum for FDD band ⁇ RAN1 ask
  • an INV_DL SF(s) which is configured according to at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of the proposed methods (e.g., Method #1, Method #2, Method #3, and Method #4) may not be configured.
  • Method #5 may be configured to be applied restrictively only when a D2D operation is performed in an FDD system environment (DL and UL spectrums of FDD carriers supporting D2D).
  • an INV_DL SF(s) may not be configured. This is because the D2D UE already has or is equipped with a D2D receiver for receiving a D2D communication signal according to “For communication, RAN1 assumes that UE is able to receive simultaneously on the DL and UL spectrum of FDD carriers supporting D2D” in [Table 7].
  • an INV_DL SF(s) may not be configured.
  • a DL gap may not be configured.
  • a D2D UE is not capable of supporting D2DSS (TX/RX)
  • a D2DSS-related INV_DL SF(s) which is configured based on at least one of the afore-described Method #1, Method #2, Method #3, and Method #4 may not be configured.
  • an eNB/network may be configured to indicate whether a D2DSS-related INV_DL SF(s) is configured or not by a predefined signal (e.g., dedicated (RRC) signaling or an SIB).
  • RRC dedicated
  • a measurement of a (neighbor-cell) D2DSS linked to a preset or signaled neighbor-cell discovery pool is equal to or smaller than a preset or signaled threshold (i.e., it is determined that a neighbor cell is remote from a serving cell/D2D RX UE), and/or ii) if a (modified) RSRP value (or (modified) RSRQ value) of the neighbor cell is equal to or smaller than a preset or signaled threshold (i.e., it is determined that the neighbor cell is remote from the serving cell (or the D2D RX UE)), a D2DSS-related INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap) and/or a discovery pool-related INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap) which is configured based on at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of the afore-described proposed methods (e.g.
  • a D2DSS-related INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap) and/or a discovery pool-related INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap) which is configured based on at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of the afore-described proposed methods (e.g., Method #1 and/or Method #2 and/or Method #3 and/or Method #4) may not be configured.
  • the D2D UE reports to the eNB at least one of i) information indicating whether the measurement of the (neighbor-cell) D2DSS linked to the preset or signaled neighbor-cell discovery pool is equal to or less than the preset or signaled threshold, ii) information indicating whether the measurement of the (neighbor-cell) D2DSS linked to the preset or signaled neighbor-cell discovery pool is equal to or greater than the preset or signaled threshold, iii) information about the measurement of the (neighbor-cell) D2DSS linked to the neighbor-cell discovery pool, iv) information indicating whether the (modified) RSRP value (or (modified) RSRQ value) of the neighbor cell is equal to or less than the preset or signaled threshold, v) information indicating whether the (modified) RSRP value (or (modified) RSRQ value) of the neighbor cell is equal to or greater than the preset or signaled threshold, or vi) information about the (
  • the eNB (or serving cell) may indicate whether a D2DSS SF(s) and/or a discovery (pool) SF(s) of a (neighbor) cell(s) is configured as an INV_DL SF(S) (or a DL gap), UE-specifically/cell-specifically.
  • the UE configures the above-described INV_DL SF(S) (or DL gap) only in a DL CC (or DL cell) linked to/paired with a (discovery) pool with an intended usage index
  • the eNB configures the above-described INV_DL SF(S) (or DL gap) only in a DL CC (or DL cell) linked to/paired with a (discovery) pool with a specific usage index (or a specific (discovery) pool).
  • an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap) is not configured for a cell for which synchronization error information of w 1 (related to reception of a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS (linked to a discovery pool) is signaled, and at least one of i) discovery, ii) discovery signal reception, and iii) reception of a D2DSS (linked to the discovery pool) is performed in a best effort manner.
  • an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap) is configured for a cell for which synchronization error information of w 1 (related to reception of a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS (linked to a discovery pool) is signaled, like (or in the same manner as for) a cell for which synchronization error information of w 2 (related to reception of a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS (linked to a discovery pool) is signaled, while the resulting performance degradation is allowed.
  • a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘(starting) SF-CEILING(w 1 ) ⁇ 1 of a neighbor-cell discovery pool’ to ‘(ending) SF+CEILING(w 1 )+1 of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’ is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap)
  • ii) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘SF#N-CEILING(w 1 ) ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+CEILING(w 1 )+1’ is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(s) (or
  • the cell for which the synchronization error information of w 2 (related to reception of a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS (linked to a discovery pool) is signaled it may be configured that i) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘starting SF-1 of a neighbor-cell discovery pool’ to ‘ending SF+1 of the neighbor-cell discovery pool’ is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap), and/or ii) a DL SF(s) overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘SF#N ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+1’ is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap) (e.g., a neighbor-cell D2DSS resource is configured in SF#N of a serving cell), as described
  • a D2D RX UE having a single RX chain hereinafter, referred to as an “SRXCH_D2D RX UE” or a D2D RX UE having a D2D/cellular shared RX chain (hereinafter, referred to as an “SHRXCH_D2D RX UE”) performs i) a D2D discovery signal reception operation in another (UL) carrier in an inter-frequency, or ii) a D2D discovery signal reception in another PLMN (UL) carrier based on inter-PLMN.
  • SRXCH_D2D RX UE single RX chain
  • SHRXCH_D2D RX UE D2D RX UE having a D2D/cellular shared RX chain
  • the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) may be interpreted as a UE that alternately uses or shares its (relatively small number of RX chains or a single) RX chain for D2D RX and WAN DL RX.
  • the following proposed methods may be extended to configuration of a single cell as well as CA.
  • Table 8 illustrates a WAN DL signal reception operation (i.e., INV_DL SF(s) (or DL gap(s)) configuration) that an SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) assumes when receiving a D2D discovery signal.
  • INV_DL SF(s) or DL gap(s)
  • a UE with a shared D2D/cellular Rx chain (or a UE with a single Rx chain) and is receiving D2D discovery signals on an UL carrier is not expected to read DL signals on the DL carrier paired to such UL carrier during the subframes belonging to the D2D discovery pools on that UL carrier as well as one subframe preceding and following these subframes.
  • a UE e.g., a D2D RX UE having a single RX chain
  • an SRXCH_D2D RX UE e.g., a D2D RX UE having a shared D2D/cellular RX chain
  • the afore-described INV_DL SF(s) may be defined based on at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of the following rules/configurations disclosed in Example 6-1 to Example 6-8.
  • the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) may be interpreted as a UE that alternately uses (or shares) its (relatively small number of RX chains or a single) RX chain for D2D RX and WAN DL RX.
  • the following proposed methods may be extended to configuration of a single cell as well as CA.
  • an SHRXCH_D2D RX UE performs a D2D discovery signal reception in another (UL) carrier (or another PLMN (UL) carrier) in an inter-frequency (hereinafter, referred to as “DIFF_CC”) in a situation where two cells (i.e., primary cell #A (i.e., DL CC#A, UL CC#A) and secondary cell #B (i.e., DL CC#B, UL CC#B) have been configured.
  • DIFF_CC inter-frequency
  • another (UL) carrier in an inter-frequency may be designated as an inter-frequency UL CC from the viewpoint of UL CC#A (SCell#B (UL CC#B/DL CC#B)) of PCell #A, or as an inter-frequency UL CC from the viewpoint of UL CC#B (PCell#A (UL CC#A/DL CC#A)) of SCell #B.
  • Method #6 may also be extended to a case in which a D2D discovery signal reception operation is performed in DIFF_CC, with three or more cells (or a single cell) configured.
  • the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE may configure an INV_DL SF(s) (or DL gap(s)) in all DL CC(s) (e.g., DL CC#A and DL CC#B) configured for the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) by CA.
  • this configuration/rule may be interpreted as meaning that whether to configure an INV_DL SF(s) (or DL gap(s)) in a specific (serving cell-related) DL CC depends on not whether the specific (serving cell-related) DL CC and DIFF_CC are in a paired DL CC relationship but whether a D2D discovery signal is received in DIFF_CC.
  • the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE may configure an INV_DL SF(s) (or DL gap(s)) only in a predefined or signaled serving cell-related DL CC(s) among DL CC(s) (or serving cell(s)) configured for the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) by CA.
  • i) (virtual) pairing is configured between a DL CC(s) in which an INV_DL SF(s) (or DL gap(s)) is configured and DIFF_CC, or ii) a DL CC(s) in which an INV_DL SF(s) (or DL gap(s)) is configured is (virtually) paired with DIFF_CC.
  • i) information about a DL CC(s) or ii) a serving cell(s) in which an INV_DL SF(s) (or DL gap(s)) is configured may be signaled/defined as a pair/combination of “information about a (UL) CC (or serving cell) in which a D2D discovery pool is configured” and “information about a DL CC(s) (or serving cell(s)) in which an INV_DL SF(s) (or DL gap(s)) is configured, when the D2D discovery signal reception is performed in the (UL) CC (or serving cell) in which the D2D discovery pool is configured”.
  • the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) performs a D2D discovery signal reception operation in DIFF_CC
  • the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) configures an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap(s)) only in a DL CC (e.g., DL CC #A) of a PCell from among a DL CC(s) configured for the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) by CA.
  • a DL CC e.g., DL CC #A
  • Application of this method may be interpreted as meaning that whether an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap(s)) is configured in a DL CC (e.g., DL CC #A) of a PCell is determined according to whether a D2D discovery signal reception operation is performed in DIFF_CC, not whether a D2D discovery signal reception operation is performed in a UL CC (e.g., UL CC #A) paired with the PCell.
  • a DL CC e.g., DL CC #A
  • the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) performs a D2D discovery signal reception operation in DIFF_CC
  • the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) configures an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap(s)) only in a DL CC(s) (e.g., DL CC #B) of an SCell(s) except for a PCell from among a DL CC(s) configured for the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) by CA.
  • Application of this method may be interpreted as meaning that whether an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap(s)) is configured in a DL CC(s) (e.g., DL CC #B) of an SCell(s) is determined according to whether a D2D discovery signal reception operation is performed in DIFF_CC, not whether a D2D discovery signal reception operation is performed in a UL CC(s) (e.g., UL CC #B) paired with the SCell(s).
  • w 1 is signaled as synchronization error information related to a discovery pool in DIFF_CC and/or reception of a D2DSS (linked to the discovery pool) in the foregoing examples (e.g., Example 6-1, Example 6-2, Example 6-3, and Example 6-4), i) a DL SF(s) of a DL CC(s) selected or indicated based on the above-described examples, which is overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘(starting) SF-CEILING(w 1 ) ⁇ 1 of the DIFF_CC discovery pool’ to ‘(ending) SF+CEILING(w 1 )+1 of the DIFF_CC discovery pool’ is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(s) (or DL gap), and/or ii) a DL SF(s) of the DL CC(s) selected or indicated based on the above-described examples, which is overlapped in the time domain at least
  • w 2 is signaled as synchronization error information related to a discovery pool in DIFF_CC (and/or reception of a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool)
  • a DL SF(s) of a DL CC(s) selected or indicated based on the above-described examples which is overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘(starting) SF-1’ of the DIFF_CC discovery pool’ to ‘ (ending) SF+1 of the DIFF_CC discovery pool’ is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap) is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap), and/or ii) a DL SF(s) of the DL CC(s) selected or indicated based on the above-described examples, which is overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘
  • Example 6-1 a DL SF(s) of a DL CC(s) selected or indicated based on the above-described examples, which is overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘(starting) SF-1’ of the DIFF_CC discovery pool’ to ‘(ending) SF+1 of the DIFF_CC discovery pool’ is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap), and/or ii) a DL SF(s) of the DL CC(s) selected or indicated based on the above-described examples, which is overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘SF#N ⁇ 1’ to ‘SF#N+1’ is assumed to be an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap) (i.e.,
  • a serving eNB/D2D UE may be configured to indicate to a (another) D2D UE by a predefined signal (e.g., an SIB, a (dedicated) RRC signal, or a PD2DSCH), at least one of i) information indicating whether (a part or all of) the above-described example(s) (e.g., Example 6-1, Example 6-2, Example 6-3, Example 6-4, Example 6-5, and Example 6-6) is applied, ii) information indicating which one(s) of the foregoing examples is applied to which (serving) cell, iii) information indicating whether an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap(s)) is configured due to a D2D discovery signal reception operation in another (UL) carrier in an inter-frequency, or iv) information indicating whether an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap(s)) is configured due to a D2D discovery signal reception operation in another PLM
  • Example 6-1 e.g., Example 6-1, Example 6-2, Example 6-3, Example 6-4, Example 6-5, and Example 6-6
  • SHRXCH_D2D RX UE or SRXCH_D2D RX UE
  • D2D communication signal e.g., SA or D2D data
  • an INV_DL SF( ) (or a DL gap(s)) (based on the afore-described rule) may be configured i) always or ii) only when configuration of an INV_DL SF( ) (or a DL gap(s)) is enabled.
  • Information about an INV_DL SF( ) (or a DL gap(s)) configured when the SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (or SRXCH_D2D RX UE) performs a D2D discovery signal reception operation in DIFF_CC may be indicated or signaled in the form of a bitmap.
  • the serving eNB may indicate information about a (serving) cell to which the information is to be actually applied by an additional signal (e.g., an SIB, a (dedicated) RRC signal, or a PD2DSCH), or the information may be set based on a preset rule or at least a part (i.e., a part or all of) of the above-described (predefined or signaled) rules (e.g., Example 6-1, Example 6-2, Example 6-3, Example 6-4, Example 6-5, and Example 6-6).
  • an additional signal e.g., an SIB, a (dedicated) RRC signal, or a PD2DSCH
  • an INV_DL SF(s) (or a DL gap(s)) is configured according to at least a part (i.e., a part or all of) of the above-described methods (e.g., Method #1, Method #2, Method #3, Method #4, and Method #5)
  • a DRX operation may be performed according to at least a part (i.e., a part or all of) of the following configurations.
  • DRX configurations for individual UEs may be set UE-specifically depending on whether a serving cell has DL data (to be transmitted) for each UE. Further, Method #7 may be applied restrictively to an SRXCH_D2D RX UE. Also, Method #7 may be applied restrictively to a case in which an RRC_CONNECTED UE (or RRC_IDLE UE) performs a DRX operation. Further, Method #7 may be applied restrictively to a case in which CA is applied (and/or a case in which CA is not applied).
  • predefined or signaled DRX operation-related specific timers e.g., onDurationTimer, drx-InactivityTimer, and drx-RetransmissionTimer
  • do not count an INV_DL SF(s) configured based on at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of the afore-described proposed methods e.g., Method #1, Method #2, Method #3, Method #4, and Method #5).
  • the INV_DL SF(S) may be interpreted as a kind of measurement gap (i.e., [Table 9]) that the DRX operation-related specific timers do not count in a legacy operation, or may be interpreted as an SF(s) other than a PDCCH SF(s) (refer to [Table 9]).
  • predefined or signaled DRX operation-related specific timers e.g., onDurationTimer, drx-InactivityTimer, and drx-RetransmissionTimer
  • INV_DL SF(s) configured based on at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of the afore-described proposed methods (e.g., Method #1, Method #2, Method #3, Method #4, and Method #5).
  • the INV_DL SF(S) may be interpreted as an SF(s) in which PDCCH monitoring is not actually performed but which the predefined or signaled DRX operation-related specific timers count.
  • Predefined or signaled DRX operation-related specific timers may count in different manners for CA and for non-CA.
  • the predefined or signaled DRX operation-related specific timers may be configured to count an INV_DL SF(s) configured based on the above-descried at least part (i.e., part or all) of the methods.
  • the predefined or signaled DRX operation-related specific timers may be configured not to count an INV_DL SF(s) configured based on the above-described at least part (i.e., part or all) of the methods. This is because if CA is not applied, there are no other cells in which a WAN DL signal reception operation can be performed in the INV_DL SF(s).
  • the predefined or signaled DRX operation-related specific timers may be configured not to count an INV_DL SF(s) configured based on the above-described at least part (i.e., part or all) of the methods, whereas if CA is not applied, the predefined or signaled DRX operation-related specific timers may be configured to count an INV_DL SF(s) configured based on the above-described at least part (i.e., part or all) of the methods.
  • INV_DL SF(s) may be configured according to at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of rules disclosed in at least one of the following Example 8-1 to Example 8-3.
  • Random access procedure Prior to initiation of the non-synchronized physical random access procedure, Layer 1 shall receive the following information from the higher layers: 1. Random access channel parameters (PRACH configuration and frequency position) 2. Parameters for determining the root sequences and their cyclic shifts in the preamble sequence set for the primary cell (index to logical root sequence table, cyclic shift ( N CS), and set type (unrestricted or restricted set)) 6.1 Physical non-synchronized random access procedure From the physical layer perspective, the L1 random access procedure encompasses the transmission of random access preamble and random access response. The remaining messages are scheduled for transmission by the higher layer on the shared data channel and are not considered part of the L1 random access procedure.
  • Random access channel parameters PRACH configuration and frequency position
  • N CS cyclic shift
  • set type unrestricted or restricted set
  • a random access channel occupies 6 resource blocks in a subframe or set of consecutive subframes reserved for random access preamble transmissions.
  • the eNodeB is not prohibited from scheduling data in the resource blocks reserved for random access channel preamble transmission.
  • the following steps are required for the L1 random access procedure: 1.
  • Layer 1 procedure is triggered upon request of a preamble transmission by higher layers.
  • a preamble index, a target preamble received power (PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER), a corresponding RA-RNTI and a PRACH resource are indicated by higher layers as part of the request. 3.
  • a preamble sequence is selected from the preamble sequence set using the preamble index. 5.
  • a single preamble is transmitted using the selected preamble sequence with transmission power P PRACH on the indicated PRACH resource. 6.
  • Detection of a PDCCH with the indicated RA-RNTI is attempted during a window controlled by higher layers (see [1], subclause 5.1.4). If detected, the corresponding DL-SCH transport block is passed to higher layers. The higher layers parse the transport block and indicate the 20-bit uplink grant to the physical layer, which is processed according to subclause 6.2. 6.1.1 Timing For the L1 random access procedure, UE's uplink transmission timing after a random access preamble transmission is as follows.
  • the UE shall, according to the information in the response, transmit an UL-SCH transport block in the first subframe n+k 1 , k 1 ⁇ 6, if the UL delay field in subclause 6.2 is set to zero where n+k 1 is the first available UL subframe for PUSCH transmission, where for TDD serving cell, the first UL subframe for PUSCH transmission is determined based on the UL/DL configuration (i.e., the parameter subframeAssignment) indicated by higher layers.
  • the UE shall postpone the PUSCH transmission to the next available UL subframe after n+k 1 if the field is set to 1. b) If a random access response is received in subframe n, and the corresponding DL-SCH transport block does not contain a response to the transmitted preamble sequence, the UE shall, if requested by higher layers, be ready to transmit a new preamble sequence no later than in subframe n+5. c) If no random access response is received in subframe n, where subframe n is the last subframe of the random access response window, the UE shall, if requested by higher layers, be ready to transmit a new preamble sequence no later than in subframe n+4.
  • the UE shall, if requested by higher layers, transmit random access preamble in the first subframe n+k 2 , k 2 ⁇ 6 , where a PRACH resource is available. If a UE is configured with multiple TAGs, and if the UE is configured with the carrier indicator field for a given serving cell, the UE shall use the carrier indicator field value from the detected “PDCCH order” to determine the serving cell for the corresponding random access preamble transmission.
  • 6.2 Random Access Response Grant The higher layers indicate the 20-bit UL Grant to the physical layer, as defined in 3GPP TS 36.321 [1]. This is referred to the Random Access Response Grant in the physical layer.
  • the content of these 20 bits starting with the MSB and ending with the LSB are as follows: - - Hopping flag - 1 bit - - Fixed size resource block assignment - 10 bits - - Truncated modulation and coding scheme - 4 bits - - TPC command for scheduled PUSCH - 3 bits - - UL delay - 1 bit - - CSI request - 1 bit
  • the UE shall use the single-antenna port uplink transmission scheme for the PUSCH transmission corresponding to the Random Access Response Grant and the PUSCH retransmission for the same transport block.
  • the UE shall perform PUSCH frequency hopping if the single bit frequency hopping (FH) field in a corresponding Random Access Response Grant is set as 1 and the uplink resource block assignment is type 0, otherwise no PUSCH frequency hopping is performed.
  • FH frequency hopping
  • the UE shall perform PUSCH hopping as indicated via the fixed size resource block assignment detailed below.
  • the truncated modulation and coding scheme field is interpreted such that the modulation and
  • the TPC command ⁇ msg2 shall be used for setting the power of the PUSCH, and is interpreted according to Table 6.2-1.
  • the CSI request field is interpreted to determine whether an aperiodic CQI, PMI, and RI report is included in the corresponding PUSCH transmission according to subclause 7.2.1.
  • contention based random access procedure the CSI request field is reserved.
  • the UL delay applies for TDD, FDD and FDD-TDD and this field can be set to 0 or 1 to indicate whether the delay of PUSCH is introduced as shown in subclause 6.1.1.
  • Random Access procedure [1] 5.1.1 Random Access Procedure initialization The Random Access procedure described in this subclause is initiated by a PDCCH order or by the MAC sublayer itself. Random Access procedure on an SCell shall only be initiated by a PDCCH order. If a UE receives a PDCCH transmission consistent with a PDCCH order [6] masked with its C-RNTI, and for a specific Serving Cell, the UE shall initiate a Random Access procedure on this Serving Cell.
  • a PDCCH order or RRC optionally indicate the ra-PreambleIndex and the ra-PRACH-MaskIndex; and for Random Access on an SCell, the PDCCH order indicates the ra-PreambleIndex with a value different from 000000 and the ra-PRACH-MaskIndex.
  • the PDCCH order indicates the ra-PreambleIndex with a value different from 000000 and the ra-PRACH-MaskIndex.
  • the preambles that are contained in Random Access Preambles group A and Random Access Preambles group B are calculated from the parameters numberOfRA-Preambles and sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA: If sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA is equal to numberOfRA-Preambles then there is no Random Access Preambles group B.
  • the preambles in Random Access Preamble group A are the preambles 0 to sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA ⁇ 1 and, if it exists, the preambles in Random Access Preamble group B are the preambles sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA to numberOfRA-Preambles ⁇ 1 from the set of 64 preambles as defined in [5].
  • Random Access Preambles group B exists, the thresholds, messagePowerOffsetGroupB and messageSizeGroupA, the configured UE transmitted power of the Serving Cell performing the Random Access Procedure, P CMAX,c [4], and the offset between the preamble and Msg3, deltaPreambleMsg3, that are required for selecting one of the two groups of Random Access Preambles (PCell only).
  • P CMAX,c [4] the Random Access Procedure
  • P CMAX,c [4] the configured UE transmitted power of the Serving Cell performing the Random Access Procedure
  • P CMAX,c [4] the offset between the preamble and Msg3, deltaPreambleMsg3, that are required for selecting one of the two groups of Random Access Preambles (PCell only).
  • the above parameters may be updated from upper layers before each Random Access procedure is initiated.
  • the Random Access procedure shall be performed as follows: - Flush the Msg3 buffer; - set the PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER to 1; - set the backoff parameter value in the UE to 0 ms; - for the RN, suspend any RN subframe configuration; - proceed to the selection of the Random Access Resource (see subclause 5.1.2).
  • Random Access Resource selection procedure shall be performed as follows: - If ra-PreambleIndex (Random Access Preamble) and ra-PRACH-MaskIndex (PRACH Mask Index) have been explicitly signalled and ra-PreambleIndex is not 000000: 15. - the Random Access Preamble and the PRACH Mask Index are those explicitly signalled. - else the Random Access Preamble shall be selected by the UE as follows: 16.
  • the UE shall: - if Random Access Preambles group B exists and if the potential message size (data available for transmission plus MAC header and, where required, MAC control elements) is greater than messageSizeGroupA and if the pathloss is less than P CMAX,c (of the Serving Cell performing the Random Access Procedure) - preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower - deltaPreambleMsg3 - messagePowerOffsetGroupB, then: 17.- select the Random Access Preambles group B; - else: 18.- select the Random Access Preambles group A. 19.
  • the UE shall: - select the same group of Random Access Preambles as was used for the preamble transmission attempt corresponding to the first transmission of Msg3. 20. - randomly select a Random Access Preamble within the selected group. The random function shall be such that each of the allowed selections can be chosen with equal probability; 21. - set PRACH Mask Index to 0.
  • a UE may take into account the possible occurrence of measurement gaps when determining the next available PRACH subframe); - if the transmission mode is TDD and the PRACH Mask Index is equal to zero: 22. - if ra-PreambleIndex was explicitly signalled and it was not 000000 (i.e., not selected by MAC): - randomly select, with equal probability, one PRACH from the PRACHs available in the determined subframe. 23.
  • Random Access Preamble transmission The random-access procedure shall be performed as follows: - set PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER to preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower + DELTA_PREAMBLE + (PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER ⁇ 1) * powerRampingStep; - instruct the physical layer to transmit a preamble using the selected PRACH, corresponding RA-RNTI, preamble index and PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER.
  • the UE shall monitor the PDCCH of the PCell for Random Access Response(s) identified by the RA-RNTI defined below, in the RA Response window which starts at the subframe that contains the end of the preamble transmission [5] plus three subframes and has length ra-ResponseWindowSize subframes.
  • the UE may stop monitoring for Random Access Response(s) after successful reception of a Random Access Response containing Random Access Preamble identifiers that matches the transmitted Random Access Preamble.
  • the UE shall regardless of the possible occurrence of a measurement gap: 25. - if the Random Access Response contains a Backoff Indicator subheader: - set the backoff parameter value in the UE as indicated by the BI field of the Backoff Indicator subheader and Table 7.2-1. 26. - else, set the backoff parameter value in the UE to 0 ms. 27.
  • the UE shall: - consider this Random Access Response reception successful and apply the following actions for the serving cell where the Random Access Preamble was transmitted: 28.- process the received Timing Advance Command (see subclause 5.2); 29.- indicate the preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower and the amount of power ramping applied to the latest preamble transmission to lower layers (i.e., (PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER ⁇ 1) * powerRampingStep); 30.- process the received UL grant value and indicate it to the lower layers; - if ra-PreambleIndex was explicitly signalled and it was not 000000 (i.e., not selected by MAC): 31.- consider the Random Access procedure successfully completed.
  • the Random Access Preamble was selected by UE MAC: 32.- set the Temporary C-RNTI to the value received in the Random Access Response message no later than at the time of the first transmission corresponding to the UL grant provided in the Random Access Response message; 33.- if this is the first successfully received Random Access Response within this Random Access procedure: - if the transmission is not being made for the CCCH logical channel, indicate to the Multiplexing and assembly entity to include a C-RNTI MAC control element in the subsequent uplink transmission; - obtain the MAC PDU to transmit from the “Multiplexing and assembly” entity and store it in the Msg3 buffer.
  • the Random Access Preamble was selected by MAC: 36. - based on the backoff parameter in the UE, select a random backoff time according to a uniform distribution between 0 and the Backoff Parameter Value; 37. - delay the subsequent Random Access transmission by the backoff time; - proceed to the selection of a Random Access Resource (see subclause 5.1.2). 5.1.5 Contention Resolution Contention Resolution is based on either C-RNTI on PDCCH of the PCell or UE Contention Resolution Identity on DL-SCH.
  • the UE shall: - start mac-ContentionResolutionTimer and restart mac-ContentionResolutionTimer at each HARQ retransmission; - regardless of the possible occurrence of a measurement gap, monitor the PDCCH until mac-ContentionResolutionTimer expires or is stopped; - if notification of a reception of a PDCCH transmission is received from lower layers, the UE shall: 38.
  • the UE shall: - discard explicitly signalled ra-PreambleIndex and ra-PRACH-MaskIndex, if any; - flush the HARQ buffer used for transmission of the MAC PDU in the Msg3 buffer.
  • the RN shall resume the suspended RN subframe configuration, if any.
  • Method #8 is applied restrictively to an SRXCH_D2D RX UE. It may also be configured that Method #8 is applied restrictively to a case in which an RRC_CONNECTED UE (or RRC_IDLE UE) performs a random access procedure. It may also be configured that Method #8 is applied restrictively to CA (and/or non-CA). It may also be configured that Method #8 is applied restrictively to a contention-based random access procedure (and/or a contention free-based random access procedure).
  • a set of INV_DL SFs (or DL gaps) (and/or a set of D2DSS-related INV_DL SFs (or DL gaps) (linked to a corresponding discovery pool)) configured in at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of the above-described proposed methods (e.g., Method #1, Method #2, Method #3, Method #4, Method #5, and Method #6) is referred to as “INV_DL SF(s)_DISWIN” (and/or “INV_DL SF(s)_DSSWIN”).
  • Method #8 is applied restrictively to “INV_DL SF(s) DISWIN” (and/or “INV_DL SF(s) DSSWIN”).
  • a D2D UE may be configured not to configure INV_DL SF(s)_DISWIN (and/or INV_DL SF(s) DSSWIN) related to a corresponding discovery pool (and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool) (i.e., not to receive a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool).
  • application of this configuration/rule may be interpreted as meaning that reception of a random access response (or a random access procedure) is prioritized over reception of a discovery signal (and/or a D2DSS linked to a discovery pool).
  • the D2D UE may be configured to perform a random access response reception operation in an area ranging from ‘(starting) SF of a random access response window’ to ‘(ending) SF of the random access response window’ (i.e., not to receive a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool), and not to receive a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool (i.e. to perform a WAN DL signal reception operation) in an SF(s) following ‘the ending SF of the random access response window’.
  • the starting SF of the random access response window if there is also a (reception) resource related to a discovery pool (and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool) before the starting SF of the random access response window’, it may be configured that an operation for receiving a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool is not performed in resources overlapped at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with ‘the starting SF-1 of the random access response window’ (i.e., an SF(s) that ensures a time required for carrier (or frequency band) switching of a single RX chain).
  • the starting SF-1 of the random access response window i.e., an SF(s) that ensures a time required for carrier (or frequency band) switching of a single RX chain.
  • an SF(s) preceding an SF overlapped at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with ‘the starting SF-1 of the random access response window’ is also configured as a discovery pool and/or a D2DSS-related (reception) resource linked to the discovery pool, it may be configured that an operation for receiving a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool is performed in the preceding SF(s).
  • the D2D UE may be configured not to perform an operation for receiving a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to a discovery pool, only in an SF(s) overlapped at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from ‘the starting SF-1 of the random access response window’ to ‘the ending SF+1 of the random access response window’.
  • INV_DL SF(s)_DISWIN and/or INV_DL SF(s)_DSSWIN
  • WAN_WIN a set of SFs
  • the D2D UE may not configure INV_DL SF(s)_DISWIN (and/or INV_DL SF(s)_DSSWIN) (related to a discovery pool and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool).
  • the D2D UE may be configured to perform a WAN_WIN-related reception operation (i.e., not to receive a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to a discovery pool) in an area ranging from the starting SF of WAN_WIN’ to ‘the ending SF of WAN_WIN’, and not to receive a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to a discovery pool (i.e., to perform a WAN DL signal reception operation) in an SF(s) following ‘the ending SF of WAN_WIN’.
  • a WAN_WIN-related reception operation i.e., not to receive a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to a discovery pool
  • the transmission resource related to a discovery pool and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool before ‘the starting SF of WAN_WIN’ it may be configured that an operation for receiving a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool is not performed in resources overlapped at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with ‘the starting SF-1 of WAN_WIN ⁇ 1’ (i.e., an SF(s) for ensuring a time required for carrier (or frequency band) switching of a single RX chain).
  • an operation for receiving a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to the discovery pool is performed in the preceding SF(s).
  • the D2D UE may be configured not to perform an operation for receiving a discovery signal and/or a D2DSS linked to a discovery pool, only in an SF(s) overlapped at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with an area ranging from the starting SF-1 of WAN_WIN’ to ‘the ending SF+1 of WAN_WIN’.
  • [Table 12] describes a method for supporting discovery, or a method for efficiently supporting D2D discovery in a carrier other than a PCell.
  • a carrier which is not PCell of a UE is called non-PCell throughout this paper, and a non-PCell can be an SCell, a non-serving carrier belonging to the same PLMN as PCell, or a carrier belonging to a different PLMN.
  • the eNB signals the configuration of TX and RX resource pools only for the carrier in which this signaling is transmitted. For the other carriers, the eNB only can inform the list of carriers on which discovery may be operated, and if a UE is interested in discovery monitoring in the other carriers, the UE may read SIB from other carriers to acquire the resource pool configuration.
  • Rel-12 inter-carrier discovery monitoring is operated in a best-effort basis, and the eNB has no idea about when the UE actually operates the inter-carrier discovery.
  • the Rel-13 objective of the multi-carrier discovery is to define more predictable UE behavior and related performance requirement, especially for discovery transmissions which consumes radio resources and causes interference.
  • it is necessary to have a clear definition of the resource pool in a non-PCell so that the UE behavior about the pool can be explicitly specified in a predictable manner. Therefore, the eNB needs to signal TX and RX resource pools for a non-PCell on which the related UE behavior can be clearly defined.
  • an eNB may signal a TX/RX discovery resource configuration for a carrier (or cell) other than a PCell through the PCell according to the present disclosure.
  • a discovery transmission (resource) configuration in another carrier may be allowed for a UE by RRC signaling.
  • RRC signaling may be used for the usage of configuring type 1 or type 2 discovery (resources) in a non-primary carrier.
  • a higher layer may handle inter-PLMN authentication for discovery signal transmission.
  • a network having inter-PLMN information should have an option for making a (discovery transmission (resource)) configuration for a UE, similarly to intra-PLMN. Since inter-PLMN coordination is not possible all the time, uncoordinated inter-PLMN should be considered basically. If an uncoordinated inter-PLMN scenario with a network infrastructure is considered, a UE may be aware of TX/RX resource pool information to be used (in a corresponding carrier frequency) by parsing (or detecting) SIB19 of a concerned carrier frequency.
  • a carrier frequency in which a D2D discovery signal is to be transmitted(/received)
  • a carrier frequency may be indicated to the UE by predefined signaling (or rule).
  • predefined signaling or rule.
  • an inter-PLMN scenario without a network infrastructure e.g., a case in which an eNB is not on a ProSe (or D2D) carrier
  • out-of-coverage discovery may also be considered to be supported.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates coverage states in a multi-carrier environment related to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15( a ) illustrates a case in which a TX UE is located within the network coverage of a PCell and within the network coverage of a concerned non-PCell
  • FIG. 15( b ) illustrates a case in which a TX UE is located within the network coverage of a PCell but outside the network coverage of a concerned non-PCell.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a heterogeneous network in a multi-carrier environment.
  • the timings of a PCell and a non-PCell may be different (e.g., in the case of multiple TAGs) due to a propagation delay difference or the like in a heterogeneous network environment (refer to FIG. 16 ).
  • the UE when a UE transmits a D2D signal in a non-PCell, the UE preferably uses a cell of the non-PCell as a transmission synchronization reference.
  • an eNB needs to signal a synchronization reference ID related to each TX pool in the non-PCell, similarly to configuring (or signaling) RX pools for neighbor cells.
  • the difference lies in that a resource pool-related bitmap is applied based on SFN#0 of an indicated reference cell located in a non-PCell carrier.
  • the TX UE Upon receipt of this information, the TX UE is synchronized with the indicated reference cell and transmits a D2D signal according to a resource pool configuration.
  • the indicated cell is a reference for all transmissions in the resource pool (e.g., RSRP-based SLSS transmission, RSRP-based resource pool selection, path-loss dependent open-loop power control).
  • a single reference cell-based TX pool may be sufficient. This is because the network may select a reference cell based on an RRM report received from the UE. If the UE is already connected to a cell on a non-PCell according to CA or dual connectivity, a reference cell ID may not be indicated because the connected cell may become a transmission synchronization reference (naturally). However, if the UE is in RRC_Idle state, a plurality of small cells may exist on the non-PCell carrier within the coverage of the PCell, as illustrated in FIG. 16 . Therefore, in this case, PCell signaling (e.g., an SIB) may need a plurality of TX pools related to each reference cell. Further, a reference cell selection procedure in an appropriate non-PCell carrier needs to be defined.
  • PCell signaling e.g., an SIB
  • the PCell needs to indicate the ID of a transmission synchronization resource for each discovery resource pool in a carrier other than the PCell.
  • the PCell may configure a plurality of TX pools for a carrier other than the PCell. In the latter case (e.g., in the case of RRC_Idle UEs), one TX pool may be selected by a proper selection procedure.
  • in-coverage and out-coverage are co-existent in carriers in the D2D synchronization procedure context, from the viewpoint of a single UE. Therefore, in this case, i) whether the UE is to operate as an out-coverage UE, ii) whether the UE is to operate as an in-coverage UE, or iii) whether a new operation is to be defined should be considered.
  • the UE operates as an out-coverage UE in a non-PCell according to a synchronization procedure that defines a network coverage state on a carrier basis (Option 1)
  • the network does not have controllability on a D2D operation on the non-PCell, and it is very difficult for a WAN signal of the PCell and a D2D signal of a non-PCell to coexist.
  • a UE e.g., D2D UE#X
  • the position of a D2D operation is not known (accurately) to the eNB.
  • D2D UE#X may be configured to indicate to the PCell at least one of i) resource configuration/position information about an SLSS/PSBCH, ii) resource configuration/position information about a PSSCH, iii) resource configuration/position information about a PSCCH, iv) resource configuration/position information about a PSDCH, or v) information about the time/frequency synchronization difference between PCell communication (e.g., D2D communication or WAN communication) and out-coverage D2D communication (non-PCell) for use in D2D communication with an out-coverage D2D UE (non-PCell) (acquired/discovered by D2D UE#X), through a predefined channel (or resource).
  • PCell communication e.g., D2D communication or WAN communication
  • out-coverage D2D communication non-PCell
  • the network may configure resources and a sequence for transmission of an SLSS on the non-PCell by signaling on a PCell.
  • the network may determine the location of the D2D operation on the non-PCell and enable efficient coexistence with WAN communication.
  • an in-coverage synchronization signal e.g., an SLSS sequence
  • the UE may assume(/determine) that the synchronization signal has priority over an SLSS transmitted by another out-coverage UE on in a non-PCell carrier.
  • the UE may transmit a synchronization signal (e.g., an SLSS sequence) (as an out-coverage UE), ignoring an SLSS transmitted by another out-coverage UE in a non-PCell carrier.
  • a synchronization signal e.g., an SLSS sequence
  • Option 1 and Option 2 may be applied simultaneously (or co-exist). For example, if synchronization resources are not configured in a non-PCell, Option 1 may be applied, whereas if synchronization resources are configured in a non-PCell, Option 2 may be applied.
  • SFN#0 of a cell that provides a signal in relation to discovery is a reference for all SF bitmaps for resource pool configuration.
  • a synchronization window (w 1 or w 2 ) may be signaled for each pool. Therefore, a UE may be synchronized with a resource pool, assuming that a timing error (with respect to a signaling cell) is limited to within the indicated synchronization window.
  • an RX reference cell should be determined.
  • a PCell i.e., a signaling cell
  • a cell of a non-PCell may be a reception reference cell.
  • the PCell may not be synchronized with the cell of the non-PCell. If the PCell is used as a reception reference cell of the non-PCell, it may be indicated that all RX pools have a large synchronization window (i.e., w 1 ) irrespective of synchronization states with respect to the cell of the non-PCell.
  • a UE should repeat RX pool timing detection. This unnecessary operation may be prevented by allowing additional information by which to consider that cells sharing the same SLSS ID are time-synchronized, or providing a time-synchronized cell list.
  • a cell or a set of synchronized cells in a non-PCell carrier may become a reception reference cell. After receiving a resource configuration in the PCell, the UE may perform an operation other than indication of a cell operating as a reference instead of the PCell.
  • a UE does not have a D2D-specific TX/RX circuit, the UE should switch a circuit for WAN to serve a D2D purpose. This switching is based on an FDD PCell (i.e., the UE switches a WAN receiver from a DL carrier to a UL carrier in order to receive a discovery signal). Therefore, additional UE capability signaling may be configured to accurately indicate the UE's simultaneous TX/RX capabilities in multiple carriers to the network, in consideration of UE complexity.
  • UE capability signaling should be defined to indicate accurate multiple carriers-related simultaneous TX/RX capabilities to the network.
  • [Table 13] describes a configuration of WAN and D2D carriers, in the case where a UE-related TX/RX limit is exceeded.
  • ProSe gap a UE can stop receiving WAN in a carrier (DL carrier in the agreement) during the gap and switch the receiver to another carrier (UL carrier in the agreement) for discovery reception.
  • FDD carriers At least for UEs with a single Rx chain (FFS subject to the UE capability discussion whether this also applies for UEs with a shared D2D/cellular Rx chain), a UE that is receiving D2D discovery signals on an UL carrier is not expected to read DL signals on the DL carrier paired to such UL carrier during the subframes belonging to the D2D discovery pools on that UL carrier as well as one subframe preceding and following these subframes •
  • the discovery pools are configured by the eNB by broadcast or UE- specific signaling - FFS: For RRC_CONNECTED UEs, 1 bit may be signalled using RRC signaling indicating whether this rule applies or not (on a per UE basis) - Cellular measurement gaps subframes are excluded from this rule - Paging reception is prioritized over D2D reception
  • the present disclosure proposes a ProSe gap for efficient TDM between WAN and D2D discovery for a UE having a limited RF capability, based on the configuration described in [Table 13].
  • the UE discontinues monitoring of WAN DL reception and starts to receive a discovery signal in another carrier (a related UL carrier or an unrelated carrier), in a ProSe gap.
  • the ProSe gap is required for a carrier switching time and a discovery reception operation including SLSS reception.
  • the ProSe gap is also required when the UE switches a single TX circuit between WAN UL TX on a PCell and discovery TX on a non-PCell. That is, it may be determined that a DL reception linked to a UL SF included in the ProSe gap for Tx is disabled.
  • a (UL) gap attributed to D2D TX may not be configured/allowed in a WAN UL (TX) SF (PCell) linked to a DL SF(s) (PCell) carrying a (DL) signal/channel/data for a predefined usage (e.g., paging, RAR, SIB, PSS?SSS, or PSBCH).
  • a DL SF(s) linked to a WAN UL (TX) SF may be interpreted as a DL SF(s) carrying a PUSCH transmission-related UL grant (and/or a PHICH) (according to a predefined or signaled UL HARQ timeline).
  • this rule/configuration it may be interpreted that the WAN UL (TX) SF linked to the DL SF(s) (PCell) carrying the (DL) signal/channel/data for the predefined usage is not (virtually) deactivated because a (UL) gap is not configured.
  • a linked DL SF(s) may be deactivated (virtually). If the DL SF(s) carries a (DL) signal/channel/data for a predefined usage (e.g., paging, RAR, SIB, PSS/SSS, or PSBCH), (a part or all of) the D2D RX-related (UL) gap configuration may be nullified or considered to be mis-configured.
  • a predefined usage e.g., paging, RAR, SIB, PSS/SSS, or PSBCH
  • the eNB has controllability on the afore-described ProSe gap.
  • the eNB may turn on/off the ProSe gap for each pool by UE-specific signaling, in consideration of impact on discovery performance and a WAN operation.
  • a UE may be allowed to discontinue transmission or reception of a WAN channel/signal in the ProSe gap, and may perform a discovery operation including discovery and SLSS TX/RX, like switching between carriers according to the present disclosure.
  • the D2D TX UE may be defined to follow at least a part (i.e., a part or all) of rules/configurations in the following Example 9-1 or Example 9-2.
  • the (part or all) of the rules/configurations may also be extended to D2D communication TX and/or SLSS/PSBCH TX (on another carrier, a non-PCell, or an SCell).
  • the (part or all) of the rules/configurations may also be applied restrictively to a D2D (TX) UE having a limited TX chain capability relative to the number of carriers in which a simultaneous transmission is configured.
  • a D2D TX UE performs a type-1 discovery TX operation in another carrier (non-PCell or SCell) by switching its TX chain during a (UL) gap
  • the D2D TX UE may be configured to select/determine type-1 discovery TX resources (based on a random or preset probability), only in consideration of resources within the (UL) gap in a type-1 D2D signal resource pool.
  • this rule is applied, if the (UL) gap is smaller than a type-1 D2D signal resource pool (in size/period), it may be interpreted that the type-1 D2D signal resource pool is virtually redefined/configured (restrictively) with resources of the (UL) gap.
  • the D2D TX UE performs a type-1 discovery TX operation in another carrier (non-PCell or SCell) by switching its TX chain during a (UL) gap
  • type-1 discovery TX resources that the D2D TX UE selects from a (total) type-1 D2D signal resource pool (based on a random or preset probability) are outside the (UL) gap
  • the D2D TX UE may be configured i) to omit the type-1 discovery TX, ii) to reselect resources (repeatedly) until the type-1 discovery TX resources that the D2D TX UE selects from the (total) type-1 D2D signal resource pool (based on the random or preset probability) fall within the (UL) gap, or ii) to apply Example 9-1.
  • this rule may be interpreted as meaning that the D2D TX UE selects (initial) type-1 discovery TX resources based on a random or preset probability with no regard to the (UL) gap, assuming that the resources of the total type-1 D2D signal resource pool are available.
  • type-1 discovery TX resources that the D2D TX UE selects from the (total) type-1 D2D signal resource pool (based on the random or preset probability) are within the (UL) gap, the D2D TX UE performs a type-1 discovery Tx operation in the resources.
  • the D2D TX UE should perform a type-2B/2A discovery TX operation based on resources indicated directly by an eNB (or PCell) in another carrier (non-PCell, non-serving cell, or SCell) by switching its TX chain
  • the eNB or PCell
  • the eNB has accurate knowledge of time/frequency resources in which the D2D TX UE performs the type-2B/2A discovery TX operation, (compared to type-1 discovery Tx).
  • K may be received from the eNB (or PCell) by predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, or (dedicated) RRC signaling), or may be fixed to a predetermined value (e.g., 1).
  • predefined signaling e.g., SIB, or (dedicated) RRC signaling
  • the D2D TX UE performs the type-2B/2A discovery TX operation based on the resources indicated (directly) by the eNB (or PCell) in another carrier (non-PCell, non-serving cell, or SCell) by switching its TX chain
  • this may be interpreted as meaning that resource information related to the type-2B/2A discovery TX operation in another carrier (non-PCell, non-serving cell, or SCell) is configured in a cross-cell manner from the PCell (e.g., especially when it is determined that another carrier (non-PCell, non-serving cell, or SCell) is out-of-coverage from the view point of the D2D TX UE).
  • the D2D TX UE should perform a D2D discovery TX operation in another carrier (non-PCell, non-serving cell, or SCell) (hereinafter, referred to “OT_carrier”) by switching its TX chain, if K D2D discovery TX repetitions are configured within a D2D discovery period, i) it is assumed/defined that the eNB (or PCell) does not schedule a (PCell) WAN UL TX overlapped in the time domain at least partially (i.e., partially or fully) with the K D2D discovery repetitions within the D2D discovery period, or ii) the D2D TX UE may be configured to discard scheduling information about a (PCell) WAN UL TX overlapped in the time domain (i.e., partially or fully) with the K D2D discovery repetitions within the D2D discovery period, or to consider the scheduling information to be invalid.
  • OT_carrier non-PCell, non-serving cell, or SCell
  • the former i) may be applied or valid in the case where the PCell (or eNB) knows i) D2D discovery TX time/frequency resource information (or D2D discovery TX resource pool information) and/or ii) time/frequency synchronization information, on OT_carrier related to the D2D TX UE.
  • the latter ii) may be applied or valid in the case where the PCell (or eNB) has difficulty in acquiring i) D2D discovery TX time/frequency resource information (or D2D discovery TX resource pool information) and/or ii) time/frequency synchronization information, on OT_carrier related to the D2D TX UE (e.g., in the case where OT_carrier is configured (along with the PCell), for dual connectivity, and/or OT_carrier is an inter-PLMN carrier (with respect to the PCell)).
  • the D2D TX UE may be configured to select resources (based on a random or preset probability), only in consideration of resources which are at once i) resources within a preset or signaled (UL) gap period (PCell) in a discovery resource pool (OT_carrier) and ii) resources allowing (supporting) all of the K D2D discovery repetitions.
  • resources based on a random or preset probability
  • the D2D TX UE may be configured i) to drop the total D2D discovery TX, ii) to reselect resources repeatedly until K D2D discovery TX resources that the D2D TX UE selects from the (total) D2D discovery resource pool (based on a random or preset probability) fall within the (UL) gap, or iii) to select resources (based on a random or preset probability), only in consideration of resources which are at once resources within a preset or signaled (UL) gap period (PCell) in a discovery resource pool (
  • a type-2B discovery TX on OT_carrier can be indicated (by the PCell)
  • a (UL) gap (PCell) is implicitly considered/assumed to hop according to a type-2B discovery time hopping pattern (OT_carrier), or a PCell UL SF corresponding to the type-2B discovery time hopping pattern (OT_carrier)
  • K e.g., 1 PCell UL SFs before and/or after the PCell UL SF are also considered/assumed to be a (UL) gap (PCell).
  • K may be received from the eNB (or PCell) by predefined signaling (e.g., an SIB or (dedicated) RRC signaling) or preset to a specific value (e.g., 1).
  • a (serving) network may not have accurate information about a D2D ((TX/RX) resource) configuration on an inter-PLMN (non-primary or non-serving) carrier under an uncoordinated inter-PLMN scenario (i.e., refer to [Table 3.14]).
  • collision(s) may occur between a preset (or signaled) D2D (TX/RX) resource(s)” or “WAN UL TX” on a “primary carrier” of the (serving) network (or (serving) eNB) and a “D2D (TX/RX) resource(s) in an inter-PLMN (non-primary or non-serving) carrier”, which degrades inter-PLMN D2D performance.
  • a preset (or signaled) partial (or whole) ProSe gap may be configured to be randomized in time (in the time domain) according to a specific (pseudo) function (Rule #Q).
  • the ProSe gap may be interpreted as a resource area in which the (serving) network (or (serving) eNB)) allows an inter-PLMN D2D (TX/RX) operation for a (serving) D2D UE.
  • the ProSe gap configuration information includes offset information (i.e., referred to as “GAP_OFFSET) (applied with respect to SFN#0 of a serving carrier or a primary carrier), information about a “bitmap for a ProSe gap resource pool) (i.e., referred to as GAP_RSCBITMAP”), and information about a period (referred to as “GAP_PERIOD”).
  • GAP_OFFSET offset information
  • GAP_RSCBITMAP bitmap for a ProSe gap resource pool
  • GAP_PERIOD information about a period
  • a (pseudo) function that randomizes part (or all) of the ProSe gap information (e.g., GAP_OFFSET (i.e., the position of the ProSe gap is time-shifted periodically), GAP_RSCBITMAP (i.e., the size of the ProSe gap resource pool is changed periodically), GAP_PERIOD (i.e., the frequency of configuring the ProSe gap is changed (periodically)) in time (in the time domain) (or on the basis of GAP_PERIOD (or a preset number of GAP_PERIODs)) may have the followings as an input value(s).
  • GAP_OFFSET i.e., the position of the ProSe gap is time-shifted periodically
  • GAP_RSCBITMAP i.e., the size of the ProSe gap resource pool is changed periodically
  • GAP_PERIOD i.e., the frequency of configuring the ProSe gap is changed (periodically)
  • SFN secondary (or serving) carrier
  • SFN subframe index or slot index
  • DFN D2D (sub)frame number
  • GAP_OFFSET OR GAP_PERIOD (or GAP_RSCBITMAP (size))
  • the preset (or signaled) ProSe gap hops between carriers in time (in the time domain), and the (pseudo) function that determines a hopping pattern has (a part or all of) the foregoing parameter(s) (i.e., RULE#Q) as an input value(s).
  • the ProSe gap configuration information applied to a carrier hopping operation may be further randomized according to RULE#Q.
  • a PCELL/WLAN associated problem of interruption time/subframe generation or a WAN UL A/N (TX) missing problem which is caused when D2D UE performs D2D RECEIVER SPARE CHAIN SWITCHING ON/OFF operation
  • a method of adjusting a timing/count of performing D2D REEIVER SPARE CHAIN SWITCHING ON/OFF to mitigate such a problem are described as follows.
  • WAN interruption in case of RRC connection (RRC-Connected) to FDD system is checked.
  • a case of interruption in RRC reconfiguration and a case of interruption in progress of performing discovery are examined with respect to D2D discovery and a case of interruption in progress of RRC reconfiguration is examined with respect to D2D communication.
  • a discovery pool is defined. And, it is necessary to clarify an interruption subframe on a synchronous network and an interruption subframe on an asynchronous network. Moreover, it is necessary to consider a UE RD structure supportive of D2D discovery.
  • WAN interruptions due to D2D RX do not occur in RRC_connected state. Namely, the number of missed ACK/NACK is 0. Yet, regarding a spare RF chain for D2D RX, WAN interruptions may occur due to On/Off of a switching D2D RX spare chain in RRC_connected state.
  • a pool related parameter is assumed as Table 14. And, the following description is mainly made centering on D2D discovery related to a spare RF chain.
  • PDSCH scheduling in Table 14 in case of Option 1, an eNB does not receive PDSCH in a downlink subframe (DL SF) associated with a searching window specific UL ACK/NAK subframe (e.g., corresponding to SLSS (SideLink Synchronization Signals) and a discovery signal. On the contrary, in case of Option 2. Assume that an eNB schedules PDSCH for all DL subframes.
  • DL SF downlink subframe
  • SLSS Segment Synchronization Signals
  • FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 show the relations among eNB WAN DL, UE WAN UL and UE D2D RX according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 illustrate the number of WAN UL interruptions according to a location of D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off depending on the PDSCH scheduling option 1 or 2 (in Table 14).
  • D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off occurs at ‘ 158 , 193 ’.
  • UL ACK/NACK SF ‘ 197 ’ corresponding to ‘ 193 ’ among subframes is interrupted due to the D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off.
  • All UL interruption SFs are ‘ 158 , 193 , 197 ’, and the number of interrupted SFs is 3 per 320 ms.
  • UE's operation between D2D RX and WAN UL TX is similar to TDD operation of SFs ‘ 168 , 169 ’. Such an operation does not cause any problems. This is because a punctured D2D last symbol is similar to a gap of a TDD special SF (subframe).
  • D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off occurs at ‘ 158 , 169 ’.
  • UL ACK/NACK SF ‘ 173 ’ corresponding to DL SF ‘ 169 ’ among SFs is interrupted due to the D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off.
  • All UL interruption SFs are ‘ 158 , 169 , 173 ’, and the number of interrupted SFs is 3 per 320 ms.
  • Such a difference in FIG. 17 ( b ) is generated because the D2D RX spare chain switching OFF occurs early by 24 SFs, which is effective to UE's power saving.
  • the number of missed ACK/NACK is 3 during 320 ms.
  • a D2D discovery operation is described centering on an asynchronous network as follows.
  • FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 show the relations among eNB WAN DL, UE WAN UL and UE D2D RX according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • it is able to compare the number of WAN UL interruptions according to a location for switching a D2D RX spare chain to On/Off for each of the PDSCH scheduling options 1 and 2 (in Table 14).
  • D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off occurs at ‘ 134 , 146 , 154 , 197 ’.
  • UL ACK/NACK SFs ‘ 150 , 201 ’ corresponding to DL SFs ‘ 146 , 197 ’ among SFs are interrupted due to the D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off.
  • All UL interrupted SFs are ‘ 134 , 146 , 150 , 154 , 197 , 201 ’, and the number of the interrupted SFs is 6 per 320 ms.
  • D2D Rx spare chain switching On/Off occurs at ‘ 134 , 146 , 154 , 173 ’.
  • UL ACK/NACK SFs ‘ 150 , 177 ’ corresponding to DL SFs ‘ 146 , 173 ’ among SFs are interrupted due to the D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off.
  • All UL interrupted SFs are ‘ 134 , 146 , 150 , 154 , 173 , 177 ’, and the number of the interrupted SFs is 6 per 320 ms.
  • the D2D RX spare chain switching Off in FIG. 19 ( b ) occurs earlier than that in FIG. 19 ( a ) by 24 SFs (subframes).
  • D2D R spare chain switching On/Off occurs at ‘ 134 , 146 , 134 , 197 ’.
  • UL ACK/NACK SF ‘ 201 ’ corresponding to DL SF ‘ 197 ’ among SFs is interrupted due to the D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off.
  • All UL interrupted SFs are ‘ 134 , 197 , 201 ’, and the number of the interrupted SFs is 3 per 320 ms.
  • D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off occurs at ‘ 134 , 173 ’.
  • UL ACK/NACK SF ‘ 177 ’ corresponding to DL SF ‘ 173 ’ among SFs is interrupted due to the D2D Rx spare chain switching On/Off.
  • All UL interrupted SFs are ‘ 134 , 173 , 177 ’, and the number of the interrupted SFs is 3 per 320 ms.
  • the D2D RX spare chain switching Off in FIG. 19 ( d ) occurs earlier than that in FIG. 19 ( c ) by 24 SFs (subframes).
  • the number of the missed ACK/NACK due to interruption in 202 D discovery is 8 in the cases of FIG. 20 ( a ) and FIG. 20 ( b ) or 4 in the cases of FIG. 20 ( c ) and FIG. 20 ( d ) .
  • the D2D RX spare chain switching Off in FIG. 20 ( d ) occurs earlier than that in FIG. 20 ( c ) by 24 SFs (subframes), which is effective to UE's power saving.
  • Table 16 shows the number of missed ACK/NACK and the number of power saved subframes according to the switched D2D RX spare chain On/Off SF.
  • the scheduling option 1 On a synchronous network, in aspect of the total number of scheduled PDSCHs, for 320 ms, the scheduling option 1 is less than the scheduling option 2 by 10. If a D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off method is the same, a rate difference of missed ACK/NACK is very small.
  • the scheduling option 1 On a synchronous network, in aspect of the total number of scheduled PDSCHs, for 320 ms, the scheduling option 1 is less than the scheduling option 2 by 10. If a D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off method is the same, a rate difference of missed ACK/NACK is very small.
  • Result 2 On a synchronous network, when D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off is performed, the synchronous-scheme 2 (Sync-Alt2) has a power saving effect more than that of the synchronous-scheme 1 (Sync-Alt1) in aspect of D2D Rx power.
  • the scheduling option 1 is less than the scheduling option 2 by 29. If a D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off method is the same, a rate difference of missed ACK/NACK is very small.
  • Result 4 On an asynchronous network, when D2D RX spare chain switching On/Off is performed, the asynchronous-scheme 2 (Async-Alt2) and the asynchronous-scheme 4 (Async-Alt4) have the power saving effects more than that of the asynchronous-scheme 1 (Async-Alt1) and the asynchronous-scheme 3 (Async-Alt3) in aspect of D2D Rx power.
  • Table 14 can be summarized into Table 15.
  • eNB is assumed to schedule PDSCH in all DL subframes - Switching On/Off method of D2D Rx spare chain •
  • Synchronous network our preference is Sync-Alt2 ⁇ Sync-Alt1 : before and after “discoverySubframeBitmap ⁇ numRepetition” ⁇ Sync-Alt2 : before first “discoverySubframeBitmap of 1” and after last “discoverySubframeBitmap of 1” in “discoverySubframeBitmap ⁇ numRepetition” •
  • Async-Alt4 Async-Alt1 : before and after “SLSS” & before and after “discoverySubframeBitmap ⁇ numRepetition” ⁇ Async-Alt2 : before and after “SLSS” & before first “discoverySubframeBitmap of 1” and after last “discoverySubframeBitmap of 1”
  • the number of the reported ACK/NACK in a single RF chain should be 0. Moreover, in IDLE state or RRC_Connected state, since interruption for WAN does not occur, with respect to ProSe direct discovery (cf. 3GPP TS 36.133 Section 7.16.3.3), a part associated with the interruption of the single RF chain should not be considered.
  • Examples for the aforementioned proposed scheme can be included as one of the implementing methods of the present invention, they can be apparently regarded as a sort of proposed schemes. Moreover, although the aforementioned proposed schemes can be independently implemented, some of them can be implemented in a combined/merged form.
  • the aforementioned proposed schemes may be configured to be limitedly applicable in an environment of FDD and/or TDD system only.
  • the aforementioned proposed schemes may be configured to be limitedly applicable only to MODE 2 COMMUNICATION and/or TYPE 1 DISCOVERY (and/or MODE 1 COMMUNICATION and/or TYPE 2 DISCOVERY).
  • the aforementioned proposed schemes may be configured to be limitedly applicable only to a case that D2D RX UE receives NEIGHBOR CELL related synchronization error information of ‘INTER-CELL DISCOVERY SIGNAL’ (and/or ‘NEIGHBOR CELL DISCOERY SIGANL’) RX related w 1 .
  • the aforementioned proposed schemes may be configured to be limitedly applicable only to at least one of IN-COVERAGE D@D UE, OUT-COVERAGE D2D UE, RRC_CONNECTED D2D UE and RRC_IDLE D2D UE.
  • the aforementioned proposed schemes may be configured to be limitedly applicable only to a D2D UE performing a D2D discovery (TX/RX) operation only (and/or a D2D UE performing D2D communication (TX/RX) operation only).
  • TX/RX D2D discovery
  • TX/RX D2D communication
  • the aforementioned proposed schemes may be configured to be limitedly applicable only to a scenario for which D2D discovery is supported/configured only (and/or a scenario for which D2D communication is supported/configured only).
  • CEILING (X) function i.e., a function of deriving a minimum integer equal to or greater than X
  • FLOOR (X) function i.e., a function of deriving a maximum integer equal to or smaller than X
  • the aforementioned proposed schemes may be configured to be limitedly applicable only to SHRXCH_D2D RX UE (and/or SRXCH_D2D RX UE).
  • the aforementioned proposed schemes may be configured to be limitedly applicable only to a situation to which CA (carrier aggregation) is applied or a situation to which CA is not applied.
  • the aforementioned proposed schemes may be configured to be limitedly applicable only to a case of performing a D2D discovery SIGANL RX operation on different (UL) CARRIER of INTER-FREQUENCY and/or a case of performing D@D discovery SIGANL RX operation on INTER-PLMN based different PLMN (UL) CARRIER.
  • FIG. 21 shows one example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) applicable to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a relay is included in a wireless communication system, a communication in backhaul link is performed between a base station and a relay. And, a communication in access link is performed between a relay and a user equipment.
  • the base station or user equipment shown in the drawing can be substituted with a relay in some cases.
  • a wireless communication system includes a base station (BS) 110 and a user equipment (UE) 120 .
  • the baser station 110 includes a processor 112 , a memory 114 , and a Radio Frequency (RF) unit 116 .
  • the processor 112 may be configured to perform the proposed procedures and/or methods according to the present invention.
  • the memory 114 is connected to the processor 112 and stores various types of informations related to operations of the processor 112 .
  • the RF unit 116 is connected to the processor 112 and transmits and/or receives radio signals.
  • the user equipment 120 includes a processor 122 , a memory 124 , and an RF unit 126 .
  • the processor 122 may be configured to implement the proposed procedures and/or methods according to the present invention.
  • the memory 124 is connected to the processor 122 and stores various information related to operations of the processor 122 .
  • the RF unit 126 is connected to the processor 122 and transmits and/or receives radio signals.
  • the baser station 110 and/or the user equipment 120 may have a single antenna or multiple antennas.
  • a specific operation explained as performed by a base station may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.
  • various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by a base station or other networks except the base station.
  • Base station (BS) may be substituted with such a terminology as a fixed station, a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), an access point (AP) and the like.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may be achieved by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the methods according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be achieved by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • DSPDs digital signal processing devices
  • PLDs programmable logic devices
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • processors controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.
  • an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a module, a procedure, a function, etc.
  • Software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor.
  • the memory unit is located at the interior or exterior of the processor and may transmit and receive data to and from the processor via various known means.
  • the memory unit is provided within or outside the processor to exchange data with the processor through the various means known to the public.

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