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US20180235022A1 - Dual connectivity for reliability - Google Patents

Dual connectivity for reliability Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180235022A1
US20180235022A1 US15/749,717 US201515749717A US2018235022A1 US 20180235022 A1 US20180235022 A1 US 20180235022A1 US 201515749717 A US201515749717 A US 201515749717A US 2018235022 A1 US2018235022 A1 US 2018235022A1
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Prior art keywords
backup
transmission mode
transmission
qos
dual connectivity
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US15/749,717
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English (en)
Inventor
Geng Wu
Qian Li
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Apple Inc
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Intel Corp
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Priority to US15/749,717 priority Critical patent/US20180235022A1/en
Publication of US20180235022A1 publication Critical patent/US20180235022A1/en
Assigned to APPLE INC. reassignment APPLE INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Assignors: INTEL CORPORATION
Assigned to INTEL CORPORATION reassignment INTEL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Intel IP Corporation
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/22—Alternate routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/24—Multipath
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/302—Route determination based on requested QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
    • H04W72/087—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/543—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria based on requested quality, e.g. QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Definitions

  • Embodiments pertain to wireless communications. Some embodiments relate to wireless networks including 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) networks, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks, and 3GPP LTE-A (LTE Advanced) networks, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. Some embodiments relate to dual connectivity for device to vehicle or vehicle to vehicle communication.
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • 3GPP LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 3GPP LTE-A LTE Advanced
  • Wireless communications are evolving into more areas and different types of devices.
  • vehicle communication such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to everything (V2X) communication.
  • V2V vehicle to vehicle
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • Wireless communication systems that include vehicles may have connection difficulties or reliability problems. Pure signaling processing techniques such as advanced coding and modulation schemes or advanced interference cancellation schemes may not be sufficient to achieve liability and latency requirements of vehicle wireless communication systems. For example, in cases of long-term channel deep fading or blockage, robust signaling processing schemes which are designed for mitigating short term outages/errors would be insufficient.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional diagrams illustrating connections for vehicle to vehicle or vehicle to device communications in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 2 is a functional diagram illustrating a hot backup standby transmission setup in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIGS. 3A-C are functional diagrams illustrating warm backup standby transmission setups in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a functional diagram illustrating a cold backup standby transmission setup in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a technique for dual connectivity in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates generally an example of a block diagram of a machine upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates, for one embodiment, example components of a User Equipment (UE) device.
  • UE User Equipment
  • the dual connectivity scheme may be generally applicable for any mission critical communications, such as high reliability communications based on any radio access technology (RAT), including LTE and 5G RATs.
  • the dual connectivity scheme may include using a backup transmission to maintain reliability, using a Quality of Service (QoS) class and indicator for reliability and latency throughout the protocol stack, and cross-layer control and scheduling for managing primary and backup transmissions.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the techniques described herein include a dual connection system that uses backup link for reliability. Efficient implementation of the backup transmission includes differentiated protection on the information, which further includes a new type of QoS indicator to be used throughout the protocol stack. Cross-layer control and scheduling may be used to manage the primary and backup link transmissions.
  • dual connectivity is used to ensure communication reliability.
  • a backup link may be used to provide redundancy for reliable transmission.
  • the backup transmission may be at the same RAT and different carrier as the primary link In another example, the backup transmission may be at a different transmission point from the primary link In yet another example, the backup transmission may be at different RAT from the primary link
  • a message may be differentiated and protected at different reliability levels, such as a hot standby, a warm standby, or a cold standby.
  • a new QoS class and indicator may be checked.
  • the QoS indicator may be used to tag a message according to its importance.
  • the backup connectivity system may apply cross layer control to coordinate the primary and backup transmissions. For example, higher layer control may be used to coordinate and instruct the scheduling and transmission at the lower layer.
  • a hot standby includes simultaneously transmitting a message on a backup link together with a primary link.
  • a QoS indicator may indicate the hot standby, which includes dual transmissions for a message that has a high level of importance.
  • These messages with a QoS indicator for hot standby may include messages sent for collision avoidance (e.g., lane assist or lane correction), safety measures, or the like.
  • other messages with a QoS indicator for hot standby may include user indicated high priority messages, system indicated high priority messages, or governmental high priority messages.
  • the warm standby includes a backup link running in the background and retaining the context of a primary link. If the primary link fails, the backup link can retransmit immediately.
  • the warm standby differs from the hot standby in that the warm standby does not always retransmit, but instead retransmits when the primary transmission fails, whereas the hot transmission always retransmits, before it is known whether the primary transmission was successful or failed.
  • the warm standby may include messages relating to road traffic, such as congestion, routing or rerouting information, rush hour traffic information, weather, road conditions, or the like.
  • other messages with a QoS indicator for warm standby may include user indicated medium priority messages, system indicated medium priority messages, or governmental medium priority messages.
  • a cold standby may include a backup link in an idle state. After a primary link fails, the backup link in cold standby wakes up and fetches the context for retransmission.
  • the cold standby like the warm standby, only retransmits on the backup transmission link if the transmission on the primary link fails.
  • the cold standby may include messages relating to traffic information for a user, entertainment messages, video, music, etc.
  • other messages with a QoS indicator for cold standby may include user indicated low priority messages, system indicated low priority messages, or governmental low priority messages.
  • the hot standby provides the highest protection level and the cold standby the lowest.
  • the cold standby offers the lowest overhead and the hot standby offers the highest overhead.
  • Overhead may include number of transmissions, energy, battery usage, etc.
  • the dual connectivity formed by the primary link and the backup link may be based on configuration options.
  • the hot standby may include using the same RAT, the same transmission point (TP), and a different carrier for the backup link
  • the warm standby may include using the same RAT, a different TP, and the same or a different carrier for the backup link.
  • the cold standby may include using a different RAT, and the same or a different TP for the backup link.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional diagram 100 illustrating connections for vehicle to vehicle or vehicle to device communications in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the functional diagram 100 includes a first vehicle 102 , a second vehicle 104 , and a User Equipment (UE) 106 .
  • Either vehicle 102 and 104 may include a car, a truck, a van, a boat, a plane, or the like.
  • the UE 106 may include a mobile device, tablet, computer, Internet of Things (IoT) wearable device, etc.
  • the vehicle 102 may communicate with the vehicle 104 over a vehicle to vehicle (V2V) connection.
  • the vehicle 102 may communicate with the UE 106 over a vehicle to device (V2D) connection.
  • V2V vehicle to vehicle
  • V2D vehicle to device
  • the UE 106 may be located inside one of the vehicles 104 or 106 .
  • the vehicles 102 and 104 and the UE 106 may include processor circuitry and transceiver circuitry to process and send/receive instructions on primary and backup transmission links
  • the vehicles 102 and 104 and the UE 106 may be wireless communications devices.
  • the vehicles 102 and 104 and the UE 106 may include memory, such as to store bearer configuration information.
  • the three dual connectivity architectures shown in FIGS. 2-4 are applicable to each of the backup transmission types, with different handling on control and scheduling.
  • the hot and warm standby options may use LTE RAT as an example.
  • bearer duplication may be placed in between the medium access control (MAC) and the physical (PHY) layer as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the bearer duplication may be placed in between two of the higher layers as shown in FIGS. 3A-C .
  • the duplication may be placed between these higher layers due to backhaul considerations.
  • the bearer duplication may be placed above access stratum (AS) layers, as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • AS access stratum
  • the level above the split may retain a context and share the context with both of the lower level links.
  • the level retaining the context may include the MAC 206 in FIG. 2 , the radio link control (RLC) 304 in FIG. 3A , the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) 302 in FIG. 3B , and a higher level than the AS layers in FIG. 3C .
  • RLC radio link control
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • FIG. 2 is a functional diagram illustrating a hot backup standby transmission setup 200 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • implementation of dual connectivity may transmit over a primary link and backup link simultaneously.
  • the two links may be scheduled to transmit simultaneously using the same PDCP 202 , RLC 204 , and MAC 206 .
  • the hot standby setup 200 includes a primary PHY 208 and a backup PHY 210 on the physical layer.
  • the hot standby setup 200 includes transmitting data over both the primary PHY 208 and the backup PHY 210 simultaneously.
  • FIGS. 3A-C are functional diagrams illustrating warm backup standby transmission setups 300 A-C in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the scheduler of the backup link keeps updated with the primary link transmission, so that when the primary link fails, the backup link may retransmit.
  • the warm standby setups 300 A-C use high layer control over the backup link transmission.
  • the warm standby setups 300 A-C include a PDCP 302 , RLC 304 , MAC 306 , PHY 308 , PHY 310 , and MAC 312 .
  • FIG. 3A includes setup 300 A with the backup between the RLC 304 and the MAC layer, including the primary MAC 306 and the backup MAC 312 .
  • FIG. 3B includes setup 300 B with the backup between the PDCP and RLC layers, including the primary RLC 304 and the backup RLC 314 .
  • FIG. 3C includes setup 300 C with the backup above the PDCP layer including the primary PDCP 302 and the secondary PDCP 316 .
  • the primary link and the backup link have independent MAC and higher layers, and in order to transmit the safety related critical messages from the primary and the backup links, the scheduler of the links at the AS may be coordinated and controlled.
  • the controller may be the layer that the message may be duplicated at for the backup links
  • FIG. 4 is a functional diagram illustrating a cold backup standby transmission setup 400 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the cross-layer control may not be needed.
  • the backup link may retransmit based on its own scheduling.
  • the cold backup standby transmission setup 400 includes dual connectivity at all layers, including a primary link with PHY 406 , MAC 404 , and the remainder of the AS layer 102 , and a backup link with PHY 408 , MAC 410 , and the remainder of the AS layer 412 .
  • the new QoS class and indicator for reliability and latency may identify an importance level of the data being sent.
  • the information content may be differentiated and treated with different protection levels.
  • the information carried in V2V/V2X communications may be classified as one of the following QoS classes: transportation safety, transportation efficiency or on-road information/entertainment.
  • the new QoS indicator may be defined for each of the QoS information classes. For example, the table below shows an implementation of QoS indicators for different information types, including packet delay budgets and packet error loss rates.
  • information, data, or a message may be classified as not needing a backup. In this case, the primary link may resend the failed information, data, or message, without using a backup link.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a technique 500 for dual connectivity in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the technique 500 includes an operation 502 to determine a quality of service (QoS) level for data to be transmitted over a first radio access technology (RAT) connection.
  • the technique 500 includes an operation 504 to determine a QoS indicator from the QoS level.
  • the QoS indicator may identify a dual connectivity backup transmission, the dual connectivity backup transmission including a hot, warm, or cold backup.
  • the technique 500 includes an operation 506 to attempt to transmit data using the first transmission mode.
  • the first transmission mode may include using the first RAT connection.
  • the data may include the QoS indicator.
  • the QoS indicator may be sent over the first transmission mode.
  • the first transmission mode may determine that a failure has occurred in the transmission or reception of the data.
  • the first transmission mode may determine the failure based on a lack of response or a response indicating a failure.
  • the first transmission mode may then send an indication to the second transmission mode to initiate the backup transmission.
  • the technique 500 includes an operation 508 to retransmit, in response to the attempt failing, the data using a second transmission mode.
  • the second transmission mode may use a second RAT connection different from the first RAT connection in the cold backup.
  • the first RAT connection or the second RAT connection may operate on a 3GPP LTE network.
  • the first RAT connection or the second RAT connection may operate on a 5G network.
  • the RAT connections may include WiFi, Bluetooth, or the like.
  • the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode use the first RAT connection in the hot backup and the warm backup.
  • the second transmission may use a different transmission point than the first transmission mode in the warm backup.
  • the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode may use the same carrier in the hot backup.
  • the second transmission mode may use a different carrier than the first transmission mode, and the one of the two transmission modes may operate at a frequency below 6 GHz, such as 5.9 GHz, and the other transmission mode may operate at a frequency of 6 GHz.
  • the technique 500 may include an operation to configure a device performing the technique 500 to save bearer configuration information of the first transmission mode to be used by the second transmission mode, so that the second transmission mode may retransmit the data.
  • the device may include an Internet of Things (IoT) wearable device.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • the device may communicate with a vehicle using vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication or vehicle to everything (V2X) communication.
  • V2V vehicle to vehicle
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • FIG. 6 illustrates generally an example of a block diagram of a machine 600 upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the machine 600 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine 600 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the machine 600 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the machine 600 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • STB set-top box
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • mobile telephone a web appliance
  • network router network router, switch or bridge
  • machine any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), other computer cluster configurations.
  • SaaS software as a service
  • Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating.
  • a module includes hardware.
  • the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired).
  • the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions, where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer readable medium when the device is operating.
  • the execution units may be a member of more than one module.
  • the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module.
  • Machine 600 may include a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606 , some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 608 .
  • the machine 600 may further include a display unit 610 , an alphanumeric input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 614 (e.g., a mouse).
  • the display unit 610 , alphanumeric input device 612 and UI navigation device 614 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 600 may additionally include a storage device (e.g., drive unit) 616 , a signal generation device 618 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 620 , and one or more sensors 621 , such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • the machine 600 may include an output controller 628 , such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the storage device 616 may include a machine readable medium 622 that is non-transitory on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 624 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 624 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604 , within static memory 606 , or within the hardware processor 602 during execution thereof by the machine 600 .
  • one or any combination of the hardware processor 602 , the main memory 604 , the static memory 606 , or the storage device 616 may constitute machine readable media.
  • machine readable medium 622 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624 .
  • machine readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624 .
  • machine readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 and that cause the machine 600 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non-limiting machine readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media.
  • a massed machine readable medium comprises a machine readable medium with a plurality of particles having invariant (e.g., rest) mass. Accordingly, massed machine-readable media are not transitory propagating signals.
  • massed machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices
  • EPROM Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • flash memory devices e.g., electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
  • EPROM Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • flash memory devices e.g., electrical
  • the instructions 624 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 626 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 620 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • the network interface device 620 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 626 .
  • the network interface device 620 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • SIMO single-input multiple-output
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MISO multiple-input single-output
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 , and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates, for one embodiment, example components of a User Equipment (UE) device 700 .
  • the term “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality.
  • the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules.
  • circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.
  • the UE device 700 may include application circuitry 702 , baseband circuitry 704 , Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 706 , front-end module (FEM) circuitry 708 and one or more antennas 710 , coupled together at least as shown.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • FEM front-end module
  • the application circuitry 702 may include one or more application processors.
  • the application circuitry 702 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.).
  • the processors may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.
  • the baseband circuitry 704 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the baseband circuitry 704 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 706 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 706 .
  • Baseband processing circuitry 704 may interface with the application circuitry 702 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 706 .
  • the baseband circuitry 704 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 704 a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 704 b, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 704 c, and/or other baseband processor(s) 704 d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.).
  • the baseband circuitry 704 e.g., one or more of baseband processors 704 a - d
  • the radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc.
  • modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 704 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality.
  • encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 704 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality.
  • FFT Fast-Fourier Transform
  • encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 704 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality.
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check
  • the baseband circuitry 704 may include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements.
  • EUTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • a central processing unit (CPU) 704 e of the baseband circuitry 704 may be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers.
  • the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 704 f.
  • DSP audio digital signal processor
  • the audio DSP(s) 704 f may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments.
  • Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments.
  • some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 704 and the application circuitry 702 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).
  • SOC system on a chip
  • the baseband circuitry 704 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies.
  • the baseband circuitry 704 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • EUTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • WMAN wireless metropolitan area networks
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • multi-mode baseband circuitry Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 704 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol.
  • RF circuitry 706 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium.
  • the RF circuitry 706 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network.
  • RF circuitry 706 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 708 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 704 .
  • RF circuitry 706 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 704 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 708 for transmission.
  • the RF circuitry 706 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 706 may include mixer circuitry 706 a, amplifier circuitry 706 b and filter circuitry 706 c.
  • the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 706 may include filter circuitry 706 c and mixer circuitry 706 a.
  • RF circuitry 706 may also include synthesizer circuitry 706 d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 706 a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path.
  • the mixer circuitry 706 a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 708 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 706 d.
  • the amplifier circuitry 706 b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 706 c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals.
  • LPF low-pass filter
  • BPF band-pass filter
  • Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 704 for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 706 a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 706 a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 706 d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 708 .
  • the baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 704 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 706 c.
  • the filter circuitry 706 c may include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • LPF low-pass filter
  • the mixer circuitry 706 a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 706 a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and/or upconversion respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 706 a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 706 a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
  • the mixer circuitry 706 a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 706 a may be arranged for direct downconversion and/or direct upconversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 706 a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 706 a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals.
  • the RF circuitry 706 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 704 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 706 .
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 706 d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry 706 d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 706 d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 706 a of the RF circuitry 706 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 706 d may be a fractional N/N+ 1 synthesizer.
  • frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 704 or the applications processor 702 depending on the desired output frequency.
  • a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 702 .
  • Synthesizer circuitry 706 d of the RF circuitry 706 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator.
  • the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA).
  • the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio.
  • the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop.
  • the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
  • Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
  • synthesizer circuitry 706 d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other.
  • the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO).
  • the RF circuitry 706 may include an IQ/polar converter.
  • FEM circuitry 708 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 710 , amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 706 for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry 708 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 706 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 710 .
  • the FEM circuitry 708 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation.
  • the FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 706 ).
  • LNA low-noise amplifier
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 708 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 706 ), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 710 .
  • PA power amplifier
  • the UE device 700 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface.
  • additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface.
  • Example 1 is an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: processing circuitry to: determine a quality of service (QoS) level for data to be transmitted over a first radio access technology (RAT) connection; determine a QoS indicator from the QoS level, the QoS indicator identifying a dual connectivity backup transmission, the dual connectivity backup transmission including a hot backup, a warm backup, or a cold backup; transceiver circuitry to: attempt to transmit the data using a first transmission mode, the first transmission mode using the first RAT connection and the data including the QoS indicator; and retransmit, in response to the attempt failing, the data using a second transmission mode.
  • QoS quality of service
  • RAT radio access technology
  • Example 2 the subject matter of Example 1 optionally includes, wherein the second transmission mode uses a second RAT connection different from the first RAT connection in the cold backup when the first RAT is configured in the first transmission mode.
  • Example 3 the subject matter of Example 2 optionally includes, wherein the first RAT connection operates on a 3GPP LTE network and the second RAT connection operates on a 5G network.
  • Example 4 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-3 optionally include, wherein the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode use the first RAT connection in the hot backup and the warm backup.
  • Example 5 the subject matter of Example 4 optionally includes, wherein the second transmission mode uses a different transmission point than the first transmission mode in the warm backup.
  • Example 6 the subject matter of Example 5 optionally includes, wherein the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode use the same carrier in the hot backup.
  • Example 7 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 4-6 optionally include, wherein the second transmission mode uses a different carrier than the first transmission mode.
  • Example 8 the subject matter of Example 7 optionally includes, wherein the first transmission mode operates at a frequency below 6 GHz and the second transmission mode operates at or above 6 GHz.
  • Example 9 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-8 optionally include, further comprising memory, and wherein the processing circuitry is to save, to the memory, bearer configuration information of the first transmission mode to be used by the second transmission mode to retransmit the data.
  • Example 10 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-9 optionally include, wherein the wireless communication device is an Internet of Things (IoT) wearable device.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • Example 11 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-10 optionally include, wherein the wireless communication device is configurable to communicate with a vehicle using vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication.
  • V2V vehicle to vehicle
  • Example 12 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-11 optionally include-11, wherein the processing circuitry includes a baseband processor configured to determine the QoS level and the QoS indicator.
  • the processing circuitry includes a baseband processor configured to determine the QoS level and the QoS indicator.
  • Example 13 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-12 optionally include, further comprising a transceiver, the transceiver being configured by the processing circuitry for transmission and reception.
  • Example 14 the subject matter of Example 13 optionally includes, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.
  • Example 15 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) to configure the UE to perform operations to: determine a quality of service (QoS) level for data to be transmitted over a first radio access technology (RAT) connection; determine a QoS indicator from the QoS level, the QoS indicator identifying a dual connectivity backup transmission, the dual connectivity backup transmission including a hot, warm, or cold backup; attempt to transmit the data using a first transmission mode, the first transmission mode using the first RAT connection; and retransmit, in response to the attempt failing, the data using the dual connectivity backup transmission.
  • QoS quality of service
  • RAT radio access technology
  • Example 16 the subject matter of Example 15 optionally includes, wherein the dual connectivity backup transmission uses a second RAT connection different from the first RAT connection in the cold backup when the first RAT is configured in the first transmission mode.
  • Example 17 the subject matter of Example 16 optionally includes, wherein the first RAT connection operates on a 3GPP LTE network and the second RAT connection operates on a 5G network.
  • Example 18 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 15-17 optionally include, wherein the first transmission mode and the dual connectivity backup transmission use the first RAT connection in the hot backup and the warm backup.
  • Example 19 the subject matter of Example 18 optionally includes, wherein the dual connectivity backup transmission uses a different transmission point than the first transmission mode in the warm backup.
  • Example 20 the subject matter of Example 19 optionally includes, wherein the first transmission mode and the dual connectivity backup transmission use the same carrier in the hot backup.
  • Example 21 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 18-20 optionally include, wherein the second transmission mode uses a different carrier than the first transmission mode.
  • Example 22 the subject matter of Example 21 optionally includes, wherein the first transmission mode operates at a frequency below 6 GHz and the second transmission mode operates at or above 6 GHz.
  • Example 23 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 15-22 optionally include, further comprising operations to save, to memory, bearer configuration information of the first transmission mode to be used by the second transmission mode to retransmit the data.
  • Example 24 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 15-23 optionally include, wherein the UE is an Internet of Things (IoT) wearable device.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • Example 25 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 15-24 optionally include, wherein the UE is configurable to communicate with a vehicle using vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication.
  • V2V vehicle to vehicle
  • Example 26 is a method for configuring a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: determining a quality of service (QoS) level for data to be transmitted over a first radio access technology (RAT) connection; determining a QoS indicator from the QoS level, the QoS indicator identifying a dual connectivity backup transmission, the dual connectivity backup transmission including a hot, warm, or cold backup; attempting to transmit the data using a first transmission mode, the first transmission mode using the first RAT connection; and retransmiting, in response to the attempt failing, the data using the dual connectivity backup transmission.
  • QoS quality of service
  • RAT radio access technology
  • Example 27 the subject matter of Example 26 optionally includes, wherein the dual connectivity backup transmission uses a second RAT connection different from the first RAT connection in the cold backup when the first RAT is configured in the first transmission mode.
  • Example 28 the subject matter of Example 27 optionally includes, wherein the first RAT connection operates on a 3GPP LTE network and the second RAT connection operates on a 5G network.
  • Example 29 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 26-28 optionally include, wherein the first transmission mode and the dual connectivity backup transmission use the first RAT connection in the hot backup and the warm backup.
  • Example 30 the subject matter of Example 29 optionally includes, wherein the dual connectivity backup transmission uses a different transmission point than the first transmission mode in the warm backup.
  • Example 31 the subject matter of Example 30 optionally includes, wherein the first transmission mode and the dual connectivity backup transmission use the same carrier in the hot backup.
  • Example 32 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 29-31 optionally include, wherein the second transmission mode uses a different carrier than the first transmission mode.
  • Example 33 the subject matter of Example 32 optionally includes, wherein the first transmission mode operates at a frequency below 6 GHz and the second transmission mode operates at or above 6 GHz.
  • Example 34 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 26-33 optionally include, further comprising saving, to memory, bearer configuration information of the first transmission mode to be used by the second transmission mode to retransmit the data.
  • Example 35 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 26-34 optionally include, wherein the UE is an Internet of Things (IoT) wearable device.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • Example 36 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 26-35 optionally include, wherein the UE is configurable to communicate with a vehicle using vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication.
  • V2V vehicle to vehicle
  • Example 37 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) to configure the UE to perform operations of any of the methods of Examples 26-36.
  • UE user equipment
  • Example 38 is an apparatus comprising means for performing any of the methods of Examples 26-36.
  • Example 39 is an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: processing circuitry to: determine a quality of service (QoS) level for data to be transmitted over a first carrier; determine a QoS indicator from the QoS level, the QoS indicator identifying a dual connectivity backup transmission, the dual connectivity backup transmission including a hot backup, a warm backup, or a cold backup; transceiver circuitry to: attempt to transmit the data using a first transmission mode, the first transmission mode using the first carrier and the data including the QoS indicator; and retransmit, in response to the attempt failing, the data using a second transmission mode.
  • QoS quality of service
  • Example 40 the subject matter of Example 39 optionally includes, wherein the second transmission mode uses a second carrier in the cold backup, the warm backup, and the hot backup.
  • Example 41 the subject matter of Example 40 optionally includes, wherein the first transmission mode operates at a frequency below 6 GHz and the second transmission mode operates at or above 6 GHz.
  • Example 42 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 39-41 optionally include, wherein the second transmission mode uses a different transmission point than the first transmission mode in the warm backup.
  • Example 43 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 39-42 optionally include, wherein the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode use a RAT connection in the hot backup and the warm backup.
  • Example 44 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) to configure the UE to perform to: determine a quality of service (QoS) level for data to be transmitted over a first carrier; determine a QoS indicator from the QoS level, the QoS indicator identifying a dual connectivity backup transmission, the dual connectivity backup transmission including a hot backup, a warm backup, or a cold backup; attempt to transmit the data using a first transmission mode, the first transmission mode using the first carrier and the data including the QoS indicator; and retransmit, in response to the attempt failing, the data using a second transmission mode.
  • QoS quality of service
  • Example 45 the subject matter of Example 44 optionally includes, wherein the second transmission mode uses a second carrier in the cold backup, the warm backup, and the hot backup.
  • Example 46 the subject matter of Example 45 optionally includes, wherein the first transmission mode operates at a frequency below 6 GHz and the second transmission mode operates at or above 6 GHz.
  • Example 47 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 44-46 optionally include, wherein the second transmission mode uses a different transmission point than the first transmission mode in the warm backup.
  • Example 48 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 44-47 optionally include, wherein the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode use a RAT connection in the hot backup and the warm backup.
  • Example 49 is a method for configuring a User Equipment (UE), the method comprising: determining a quality of service (QoS) level for data to be transmitted over a first carrier; determining a QoS indicator from the QoS level, the QoS indicator identifying a dual connectivity backup transmission, the dual connectivity backup transmission including a hot backup, a warm backup, or a cold backup; attempting to transmit the data using a first transmission mode, the first transmission mode using the first carrier and the data including the QoS indicator; and retransmiting, in response to the attempt failing, the data using a second transmission mode.
  • QoS quality of service
  • Example 50 the subject matter of Example 49 optionally includes, wherein the second transmission mode uses a second carrier in the cold backup, the warm backup, and the hot backup.
  • Example 51 the subject matter of Example 50 optionally includes, wherein the first transmission mode operates at a frequency below 6 GHz and the second transmission mode operates at or above 6 GHz.
  • Example 52 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 49-51 optionally include, wherein the second transmission mode uses a different transmission point than the first transmission mode in the warm backup.
  • Example 53 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 49-52 optionally include, wherein the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode use a RAT connection in the hot backup and the warm backup.
  • Method examples described herein may be machine or computer- implemented at least in part. Some examples may include a computer-readable medium or machine-readable medium encoded with instructions operable to configure an electronic device to perform methods as described in the above examples.
  • An implementation of such methods may include code, such as microcode, assembly language code, a higher-level language code, or the like. Such code may include computer readable instructions for performing various methods. The code may form portions of computer program products. Further, in an example, the code may be tangibly stored on one or more volatile, non-transitory, or non-volatile tangible computer-readable media, such as during execution or at other times.
  • Examples of these tangible computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, hard disks, removable magnetic disks, removable optical disks (e.g., compact disks and digital video disks), magnetic cassettes, memory cards or sticks, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like.

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  • Stereo-Broadcasting Methods (AREA)
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DE112015006863T5 (de) 2018-05-30
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WO2017039736A1 (en) 2017-03-09
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US20210058994A1 (en) 2021-02-25

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