Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K7/16—Oxytocins; Vasopressins; Related peptides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K7/50—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link
  • C07K7/54—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring

Definitions

• the invention relates to a new process for the preparation of Oxytocin analogues of formula I
• Oxytocin analogues of the formula I act as oxytocin receptor agonists and have the potential to be used for the treatment of neurological disorders such as autism, stress, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, including anxiety disorders and depression, schizophrenia, psychiatric disorders and memory loss, alcohol withdrawal, drug addiction and for the treatment of the Prader-Willi Syndrome (PCT Publication WO 2014/095773).
• neurological disorders such as autism, stress, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, including anxiety disorders and depression, schizophrenia, psychiatric disorders and memory loss, alcohol withdrawal, drug addiction and for the treatment of the Prader-Willi Syndrome (PCT Publication WO 2014/095773).
• Object of the present invention therefore was to improve the synthesis regarding yield and selectivity of the desired Oxytocin analogues.
• C 1-7 -alkyl relates to a branched or straight-chain monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of one to seven carbon atoms, preferably one to four, more preferably one to two carbon atoms. This term is further exemplified by radicals as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, i-butyl, or t-butyl, pentyl and its isomers, hexyl and its isomers and heptyl and its isomers.
• C 1-4 -alkyl relates to a branched or straight-chain monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of one to four carbon atoms, with the preferences and the respective examples mentioned above.
• C 1-4 -alkyloxy relates to C 1-4 -alkyl chain attached to an oxygen atom. This term is further exemplified by radicals as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy and t-butoxy.
• C 1-4 -alkyloxycarbonyl relates to a C 1-4 -alkoxy chain attached to a carbonyl group and is further exemplified by the particular alkoxy radicals outlined above attached to a carbonyl group.
• C 2-4 -alkenyl relates to an unsaturated straight- or branched-carbon chain containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms containing at least one double bond. This term is further exemplified by radicals as vinyl, allyl and butenyl and its isomers.
• halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• 5-membered heterocyle which is formed together with R 1 and R 2 with the nitrogen and the carbon atom to which they are attached stands for a pyrrolidine ring optionally substituted with hydroxy or halogen, particularly for the pyrrolidine ring of proline which is substituted by hydroxy or fluorine.
• amide protecting group refers to an acid or Lewis acid sensitive substituent conventionally used to hinder the reactivity of the amide group. Suitable acid or Lewis acid sensitive amide protecting groups are described in Isidro-Llobet A., Alvarez, M. and Albericio F., “Amino Acid-Protecting Groups”, Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2455-2504., Chan W. C. and White P. D. “Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis”, Oxford University Press and Green T., “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, 4 th Ed. by Wiley Interscience, 2007, Chapter 7, 696 ff.
• Suitable amide protecting groups can therefore be selected from trityl, Tmob (2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl), Xan (9-xanthenyl), Cpd (cyclopropyldimethylcarbinyl), Mbh (4,4′-dimethoxybenzhydryl) or Mtt (4-methyltrityl),
• hydroxy protecting group used for substituent R 4 refers to any substituents conventionally used to hinder the reactivity of the hydroxy group. Suitable hydroxy protecting groups are described in Isidro-Llobet A., Alvarez, M. and Albericio F., “Amino Acid-Protecting Groups”, Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2455-2504., Chan W. C. and White P. D.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as above.
• R 1 is particularly hydrogen or C 1-4 -alkyl, more particularly hydrogen or methyl.
• R 2 is particularly hydrogen or C 1-4 -alkyl, more particularly hydrogen.
• R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen and the carbon atom to which they are attached particularly form the pyrrolidine ring of proline which is optionally substituted with hydroxy or halogen, particularly with hydroxy or fluorine.;
• R 3 particularly stands for n-butyl or i-butyl
• the resin bound peptide precursor of the formula II has the formula
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are as above.
• R 1 is particularly hydrogen or C 1-4 -alkyl, more particularly hydrogen or methyl.
• R 2 is particularly hydrogen or C 1-4 -alkyl, more particularly hydrogen.
• R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen and the carbon atom to which they are attached particularly form the pyrrolidine ring of proline which is optionally substituted with hydroxy or halogen, particularly with hydroxy or fluorine. ;
• R 3 particularly stands for n-butyl or i-butyl
• R 4 particularly is t-butyl, allyl, trityl, 2-chlorotrityl, t-butyloxycarbonyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl or t-butyldimethylsilyl, but more particularly t-butyl;
• R 5 is Fmoc
• R 6 particularly is allyl 1-adamantyl, 4- ⁇ N-[1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)-3-methylbutyl]amino ⁇ benzyl, phenylisopropyl or t-butyl, but more particularly allyl;
• R 7 particularly is trityl, 2-chlorotrityl, 4-methyltrityl, but more particularly trityl;
• R 8 particularly is trityl, 2-chlorotrityl, 4-methyltrityl, but more particularly trityl.
• the resin bound peptide precursor of the formula II can be prepared using methods known to the skilled in the art of solid phase peptide synthesis, usually by a repeated Fmoc cleavage and a repeated coupling of the desired Fmoc protected amino acids.
• amide resins suitable for solid phase peptide synthesis particularly for Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis can be used.
• Useful resins are for instance described in Chan W. C. and White P. D. “Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis”, Oxford University Press.
• the PL-Rink resin (4-[(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)Fmoc-aminomethyl] phenoxyacetamido methyl resin) from Agilent Technology was found to be particular suitable for the process of the present invention.
• Fmoc cleavage can happen with a solution of piperidine derivatives in a suitable organic solvent.
• a piperidine or 4-methyl piperidine solution in N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone can be applied.
• the coupling on the resin with the Fmoc protected amino acids can take place with a coupling agent selected from benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyAOP), bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBroP), hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium he
• HOBt, HOPy and DIC in the presence of pyridine as organic amine base and N,N′-dimethlyformamide as organic solvent has been found to be a preferred coupling agent.
• Fmoc-Gly-OH Fmoc-Leu-OH
• Fmoc-Gly-OH Fmoc-Glu(OAll)-OH
• Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH
• Fmoc-Ile-OH Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH
• Fmoc-Gly-OH Fmoc-Gly-OH
• the process of the present invention can follow method a) wherein R 6 is allyl or 4- ⁇ N-[1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)-3-methylbutyl]amino ⁇ benzyl.
• the method is characterized by the following steps:
• allyl or 4- ⁇ N-[1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)-3-methylbutyl]amino ⁇ benzyl group cleavage in step a 1 ) is usually performed in presence of a palladium or a rhodium compound or of hydrazine.
• Suitable palladium or rhodium compounds can be selected from tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate/triphenylphosphine, palladium acetate/triethylphosphite, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium chloride.
• palladium compounds even more preferably tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium are used.
• a scavenger such as phenylsilane, pyrrolidine, morpholine or N-methyl-N-trimethyl silyl-trifluoroacetamide, particularly phenylsilane is usually present.
• the reaction as a rule can happen at room temperature in a suitable organic solvent such as methylene chloride, acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran.
• the Fmoc cleavage in step a 2 ) can be performed as outlined above with piperidine or 4-methyl-piperidine in a suitable organic solvent.
• the ring cyclization in step a 3 ) is effected on the resin, expediently using a cyclization agent selected from benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyAOP), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-O-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)uranium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU), O-(6-chlorobenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HCTU), (1-cyan
• Suitable organic amine bases can be selected from pyridine, imidazole, N,N-diisopropylethyl amine, triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine, 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene or 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
• the cyclization step a 3 ) can be performed with PyBOP or PyAOP in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethyl amine, imidazole or N-methylmorpholine as organic amine bases at temperatures between 0° C. to 25° C.
• Global deprotection and cleavage from the resin in step a 4 ) can be effected in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid/water and a suitable scavenger such as thioanisole, anisole, phenol, triisopropylsilane, triethylsilane, ethanedithiol or dithiothreitol usually at temperatures between of 0° C. to 25° C. Triisopropylsilane has been found to be a preferred scavenger.
• step a 5 the crude oxytocin analogue can be isolated by filtering off the resin, by removing the solvent from the filtrate and further by taking the residue up in a suitable organic solvent such as in methyl t-butyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or in mixtures thereof and by final filtration and drying.
• a suitable organic solvent such as in methyl t-butyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or in mixtures thereof and by final filtration and drying.
• the crude oxytocin analogue can be further purified by preparative HPLC in solution with a suitable organic solvent such as with aqueous acetonitrile and suitable additives such as trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid or ammonium acetate.
• step b 1 The Fmoc cleavage in step b 1 ) can take place as described for step a 2 ) above.
• step b 2 Global deprotection and cleavage from the resin in step b 2 ) can be performed as described above in step a 4 ).
• the preferred embodiments described for step a 4 likewise apply for step b 2 ).
• step b 3 The ring cyclization in step b 3 ) is effected in solution but can happen with the cyclization agents and the organic amine bases listed for step a 3 ) above.
• the preferred embodiments described for step a 3 likewise apply for step b 3 ).
• step b 4 Isolation and purification in step b 4 ) can take place in the same manner as described in step a 5 ).
• the preferred embodiments described for step a 5 likewise apply for step b 4 ).
• process alternative b) is favored over process alternative a).
• a SPPS reactor (100 mL; peptide synthesizer CS136XT ex CSBio) was charged with PL-Rink resin (load. 0.55 mmol/g, 5.00 g, 2.75 mmol) and 20% piperidine in DMF (50.0 mL). The mixture was then stirred at 25° C. for 10 min. After draining the solvent, another portion of 20% piperidine in DMF (50.0 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 min. After draining the solvent, the resultant resin was washed with DMF (8 ⁇ 50.0 mL) to yield deFmoc-PL-Rink resin.
• Fmoc-Cleavage and Fmoc-AA-derivative coupling steps were repeated 8 times employing instead of Fmoc-Gly-OH, the following Fmoc-amino acid-derivatives: Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Glu(OAll)-OH, Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH to yield Fmoc-Gly-Tyr(tBu)-Ile-Gln(Trt)-Asn(Trt)-Glu(OAll)-Gly-Leu-Gly-resin.
• a sample was cleaved from the resin (vide below) to confirm the correct mass.
• a SPPS reactor (100 mL; peptide synthesizer CS136XT ex CSBio) was charged with PL-Rink resin (load. 0.55 mmol/g, 5.00 g, 2.75 mmol) and 20% piperidine in DMF (50.0 mL). The mixture was then stirred at 25° C. for 10 min. After draining the solvent, another portion of 20% piperidine in DMF (50.0 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 min. After draining the solvent, the resultant resin was washed with DMF (8 ⁇ 50.0 mL) to yield deFmoc-PL-Rink resin.
• Fmoc-Cleavage and Fmoc-AA-derivative coupling steps were repeated 8 times employing instead of Fmoc-Gly-OH, the following Fmoc-amino acid-derivatives: Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Glu(OAll)-OH, Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH to yield X (Fmoc-Gly-Tyr(tBu)-Ile-Gln(Trt)-Asn(Trt)-Glu(OAll)-Gly-Leu-Gly-resin). A sample was cleaved from the resin (vide below) to confirm the correct mass. MS (m/z): 1211.8 (M+H
• the solution was purified by preparative HPLC on a Kromasil-C18-100 column (250 ⁇ 80 mm, 10 um particle size, A: 0.1% TFA-water, B: MeCN; flow: 300 mL/min; isocratic 95/5 (A/B) for 2 min, gradient from 95/5 (A/B) to 80/20 (A/B) within 1 min, gradient from 80/20 (A/B) to 77/23 (A/B) within 17 min, gradient from 77/23 (A/B) to 10/90 (A/B) within 1 min, isocratic 10/90 (A/B) for 7 min, gradient from 10/90 (A/B) to 95/5 (A/B) within 1 min, isocratic 95/5 (A/B) for 6 min.
• a SPPS reactor (100 mL) was charged with PL-Rink resin (load. 0.55 mmol/g, 5.00 g, 2.75 mmol) and 20% piperidine in DMF (50 mL). The mixture was then stirred at 25° C. for 10 min. After draining the solvent, another portion of 20% piperidine in DMF (50.0 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 min. After draining the solvent, the resultant resin was washed with DMF (8 ⁇ 50.0 mL) to yield deFmoc-PL-Rink-resin.
• Fmoc-Cleavage and Fmoc-AA-derivative coupling steps were repeated 8 times employing instead of Fmoc-Gly-OH, the following Fmoc-amino acid-derivatives: Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Glu(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH to yield X (Fmoc-Gly-Tyr(tBu)-Ile-Gln(Trt)-Asn(Trt)-Glu(tBu)-Pro-Leu-Gly-resin). A sample was cleaved from the resin (vide below) to confirm the correct mass. MS (m/z): 1171.8 (M+H)
• the solution was purified by preparative HPLC on a Kromasil-C18-100 column (250 ⁇ 80 mm, 10 um particle size, A: 0.1% TFA-water, B: MeCN; flow: 300 mL/min; isocratic 95/5 (A/B) for 2 min, gradient from 95/5 (A/B) to 80/20 (A/B) within 1 min, gradient from 80/20 (A/B) to 77/23 (A/B) within 17 min, gradient from 77/23 (A/B) to 10/90 (A/B) within 1 min, isocratic 10/90 (A/B) for 7 min, gradient from 10/90 (A/B) to 95/5 (A/B) within 1 min, isocratic 95/5 (A/B) for 6 min.
• Example 7 was performed in an analogous manner to Example 2, with the exception that the cyclizations were performed employing N-methylmorpholine as base.
• a SPPS reactor 250 mL; peptide synthesizer CS536XT ex CSBio was charged with PL-Rink resin (load. 0.55 mmol/g, 10.0 g, 5.50 mmol) and 20% piperidine in DMF (100 mL). The mixture was then stirred at 25° C. for 10 min. After draining the solvent, another portion of 20% piperidine in DMF (100 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 min. After draining the solvent, the resultant resin was washed with DMF (8 ⁇ 100 mL) to yield deFmoc-PL-Rink-resin.
• Fmoc-Cleavage and Fmoc-AA-derivative coupling steps were repeated 8 times employing instead of Fmoc-Gly-OH, the following Fmoc-amino acid-derivatives: Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Glu(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH to yield Fmoc-Gly-Tyr(tBu)-Ile-Gln(Trt)-Asn(Trt)-Glu(tBu)-Pro-Leu-Gly-resin.
• a sample was cleaved from the resin (vehicle below) to confirm the correct mass.
• the collected fractions were diluted with water (1:1) and concentrated/desalted by loading on a conditioned (water/ACN 90/10) Kromasil C18-100-10 column (250 ⁇ 4.6 mm) and eluated afterwards with water/ACN (1:1).
• the collected fractions (UV 280 nm, threshold 1000mAu) were rotatory evaporated to remove ACN and lyophilized afterwards to yield the pure peptide as a white lyo product

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