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US20170003037A1 - Unpressurized heat accumulator with compensation line - Google Patents

Unpressurized heat accumulator with compensation line Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170003037A1
US20170003037A1 US15/100,068 US201415100068A US2017003037A1 US 20170003037 A1 US20170003037 A1 US 20170003037A1 US 201415100068 A US201415100068 A US 201415100068A US 2017003037 A1 US2017003037 A1 US 2017003037A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tank
compensation line
heat
fluid
heat accumulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/100,068
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Schöttler
Andre Grobstich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Grobstich, Andre, SCHÖTTLER, Michael
Publication of US20170003037A1 publication Critical patent/US20170003037A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/08—Arrangements for drainage, venting or aerating
    • F24D19/082—Arrangements for drainage, venting or aerating for water heating systems
    • F24D19/083—Venting arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/001—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses district heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/188—Water-storage heaters with means for compensating water expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/13—Heat from a district heating network
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/17—District heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/14—District level solutions, i.e. local energy networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat accumulator, in particular a heat accumulator for storing and providing heat energy, which occurs during the generation of electricity, by means of a fluid and concerns the unpressurized storage at temperatures above 100° C.
  • the invention moreover relates to a combined heat-and-power plant, and to a method for storing and providing heat energy, which occurs during the generation of electricity, by means of a fluid.
  • Hot water containers or accumulators are known, for example, from GB 2 195 172 A and WO 2009/135310 A1 or DE 43 05 867 A1, in which an unpressurized hot water accumulator for district heating systems is disclosed.
  • pressurized containers are used in part which can be charged and discharged, owing to the pressure-dependent saturation temperatures, with correspondingly higher supply temperatures.
  • the big disadvantage of pressurized containers is a significantly higher testing cost during production and recurring tests (for example, pressure tests with cold water after 10 years, recurring visual testing of all welds: the whole insulation of the tank would need to be removed to do this).
  • the insurance premiums for pressurized containers increase sharply depending on the pressure and the volume (because the risk is estimated by insurers as very high) and hence it is currently very rare to use pressurized containers for large accumulator volumes for cost reasons.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method for storing and providing heat energy, which occurs during the generation of electricity, by means of a fluid.
  • a heat accumulator for storing and providing heat energy which occurs during the generation of electricity is required, comprising a tank for a fluid, providing a compensation line, which starts from the tank and extends above the tank in order to increase the static pressure in the latter, with an open end, opposite the tank-side end, for establishing a connection between the tank interior and the atmosphere, wherein the compensation line extends into the tank.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that tanks (of whatever height) that are open to the atmosphere are considered not to be pressurized containers but buildings or equipment, regardless of the static pressure and the operating pressure, because pressure is defined as elevated pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure. It is not possible for any additional elevated pressure to be formed as a result of the design of the heat accumulator as an open component.
  • the static pressure in the heat accumulator can reach very high values which permit “unpressurized” storage of district heat hot water up to over 135° C.
  • the operating pressure in the hot part of the heat accumulator (which is usually connected to the hot district heat supply) is fixed by the height of the compensation line. This operating pressure in the hot part of the heat accumulator is selected such that it comes to lie above the saturation pressure corresponding to the maximum possible district heat supply temperature (for example, in winter).
  • the compensation line extends into the tank because otherwise heat would be transferred from hot water at, for example, 135° C. in the upper part of the tank to the water in the compensation line. Evaporation would consequently occur in the upper part of the compensation line (geyser effect), as a result of which the static pressure in the compensation line would fall because the density of steam bubbles is less than the liquid water.
  • the hot water at 135° C. in the upper part of the tank would also evaporate.
  • the compensation line can extend into the tank as far as a lower region of the tank. Water from the upper, hottest part of the tank or also from a central part is thus not able to pass into the compensation line, and there is no need for cooling of the compensation line or alternatively intensive rinsing of the compensation line with relatively cold water.
  • the heat accumulator comprises a collecting container for fluid issuing from the compensation line.
  • the heat accumulator moreover comprises a line, branching off from the collecting container, opening into a lower region of the tank and within which a pump is connected.
  • the fluid caught can thus be recycled into the tank.
  • Different charging/discharging mass flows and incidences of thermal expansion in the heat accumulator are compensated by the permanent filling/overfeeding of the compensation line.
  • the tank has a connection, arranged in a lower region, to a district heat return line, and a connection, arranged in an upper region, to a district heat supply line.
  • the fluid is conditioned demineralized water as water is a good, non-toxic, and readily available heat transfer medium.
  • the fluid is conditioned demineralized water as water is a good, non-toxic, and readily available heat transfer medium.
  • the usable heat capacity of the heat accumulator is moreover increased (the heat accumulator can be charged up to a district heat supply temperature) and finally the district heat grid can be supplied at all times from the heat accumulator at the previously stored supply temperature—without any reheating (both during charging and discharging, with heat exchangers there is a terminal temperature difference and the discharge temperature is thus always lower than the desired supply temperature by twice the terminal temperature difference).
  • an operating pressure in a hottest part of the heat accumulator comes to lie above a saturation pressure of the fluid corresponding to a maximum possible district heat supply temperature by the fluid being stored in a tank, and the static pressure in the tank being increased by a compensation line which starts from the tank and extends above the latter, wherein the compensation line extends into the tank, wherein a connection of the tank interior to the atmosphere is established with an open end, opposite the tank-side end, of the compensation line, and the fluid, which is water, below an upper region of the tank passes into the compensation line.
  • excess district heat can be stored at the usual supply temperatures of up to 135° C. (and higher, depending on the height and design of the heat accumulator) and removed when needed and fed back into the district heat grid without further reheating. At times of low grid charges, the CHP power plant can thus be completely shut down and the district heat grid can be served from the heat accumulator at the required supply temperature.
  • the tank of the heat accumulator can be designed as an unpressurized tank open to the atmosphere and hence is not subject to regulations on pressurized equipment. There is no need for recurring pressure and visual tests. Insurance premiums are considerably lower compared with a pressurized container.
  • the accumulator volumes required can be drastically reduced because it is possible for the heat accumulator, unlike pressurized tanks to date, not to be charged and discharged usually between a return temperature of approximately 60° C. and a maximum of 95° C. (i.e. with a temperature difference of approximately 35K), and instead with a temperature difference of up to 75K (for example, from 60° C. to 135° C.).
  • FIG. 1 shows a heat accumulator
  • the heat accumulator 1 in FIG. 1 comprises a tank 2 with a height of typically between 10 and 50 meters for a fluid, and a compensation line 3 which starts from the tank 2 and extends, for example, approximately 25 meters above the tank 2 in order to increase the static pressure in the latter. That end 5 of the compensation line 3 opposite the tank-side end 4 is open, as a result of which a connection of a sealed tank interior 6 to the atmosphere 7 is established.
  • the static pressure in the tank 2 is increased by the thin, water-filled compensation line 3 extending above the tank 2 .
  • the height of the compensation line 3 determines the maximum elevated pressure that can be set in the upper region 14 of the tank 2 and hence the maximum charging temperature, for example 135° C.
  • the compensation line 3 is preferably extended downward through the tank 2 and is connected to the lower colder region 8 of the tank 2 .
  • the compensation line 3 is permanently fed (for example, overfed) and hence kept filled with water which is cold (for example, at 60° C.) compared to the maximum charging temperature.
  • the excess water flows at the open end 5 out of the compensation line 3 and falls into a collecting container 10 , open to the atmosphere and situated underneath, from where it is pumped back again into the tank 2 via a line 11 within which a pump 12 is connected.
  • part 9 of the compensation line 3 which extends into the tank 2 is at least partially thermally insulated.
  • the tank 2 has a connection 13 , arranged in the lower region 8 , to the district heat return line, and a connection 15 , arranged in an upper region 14 , to the district heat supply line.
  • the heat accumulator 1 can also be charged and discharged via these connections 13 , 15 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
US15/100,068 2013-12-04 2014-11-27 Unpressurized heat accumulator with compensation line Abandoned US20170003037A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13195629.4 2013-12-04
EP13195629.4A EP2881672A1 (de) 2013-12-04 2013-12-04 Druckloser Wärmespeicher mit Ausgleichsleitung
PCT/EP2014/075808 WO2015082302A1 (de) 2013-12-04 2014-11-27 Druckloser wärmespeicher mit ausgleichsleitung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20170003037A1 true US20170003037A1 (en) 2017-01-05

Family

ID=49759034

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/100,068 Abandoned US20170003037A1 (en) 2013-12-04 2014-11-27 Unpressurized heat accumulator with compensation line

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20170003037A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2881672A1 (de)
KR (1) KR20160081956A (de)
PL (1) PL3049728T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2015082302A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101982469B1 (ko) * 2019-03-29 2019-05-24 오문근 열교환 효율이 증대된 스팀 온수보일러 시스템
BE1031916B1 (nl) * 2023-08-22 2025-03-26 Voc Bv Werkwijze en systeem voor het distribueren van warmte via een warmtenet

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB826279A (en) * 1956-04-18 1959-12-31 Brosenius Karl Hilding Improvements in or relating to a system of heating, e.g. a building, by the circulation of hot water
US3890787A (en) * 1972-03-17 1975-06-24 Atomenergi Ab Method and means for heating buildings in a district heating system with waste heat from a thermal power plant
GB2195172A (en) * 1986-09-18 1988-03-30 Hydro Spartan Ltd Hot water containers; self- priming of primary water system

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2536529A1 (de) * 1975-08-16 1977-02-24 Buderus Eisenwerk Warmwasserbereiter in fernheizungsanlagen
SE505438C2 (sv) * 1992-02-25 1997-08-25 Hedbaeck Ab Tore J Förfarande och anordning för upprätthållande av ett nära konstant övertryck hos ovanför hetvattenskiktet i en trycklös hetvattenackumulator för ett fjärrvärmesystem förefintlig vattenånga
DE202005009383U1 (de) * 2004-06-14 2005-12-08 RÄSS, Martin In Kraft-Wärme-Koppelung betreibbare Energiezentrale
CA2628605C (en) * 2008-05-09 2011-06-28 Huazi Lin Self-powered pump for heated liquid, fluid heating and storage tank and fluid heating system employing same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB826279A (en) * 1956-04-18 1959-12-31 Brosenius Karl Hilding Improvements in or relating to a system of heating, e.g. a building, by the circulation of hot water
US3890787A (en) * 1972-03-17 1975-06-24 Atomenergi Ab Method and means for heating buildings in a district heating system with waste heat from a thermal power plant
GB2195172A (en) * 1986-09-18 1988-03-30 Hydro Spartan Ltd Hot water containers; self- priming of primary water system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3049728B1 (de) 2018-01-17
EP2881672A1 (de) 2015-06-10
WO2015082302A1 (de) 2015-06-11
KR20160081956A (ko) 2016-07-08
PL3049728T3 (pl) 2018-07-31
EP3049728A1 (de) 2016-08-03

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AS Assignment

Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GROBSTICH, ANDRE;SCHOETTLER, MICHAEL;SIGNING DATES FROM 20160222 TO 20160405;REEL/FRAME:038737/0605

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION