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US20150354856A1 - Trough collector with concentrator arrangement - Google Patents

Trough collector with concentrator arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150354856A1
US20150354856A1 US14/397,723 US201314397723A US2015354856A1 US 20150354856 A1 US20150354856 A1 US 20150354856A1 US 201314397723 A US201314397723 A US 201314397723A US 2015354856 A1 US2015354856 A1 US 2015354856A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
trough collector
collector according
concentrators
arrangement
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/397,723
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English (en)
Inventor
Andrea Pedretti-Rodi
Gianluca Ambrosetti
Sergio Granzella
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airlight Energy IP SA
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Airlight Energy IP SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Assigned to AIRLIGHT ENERGY IP SA reassignment AIRLIGHT ENERGY IP SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PEDRETTI-RODI, Andrea, AMBROSETTI, Gianluca
Assigned to AIRLIGHT ENERGY IP SA reassignment AIRLIGHT ENERGY IP SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GRANZELLA, Sergio
Publication of US20150354856A1 publication Critical patent/US20150354856A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F24J2/14—
    • F24J2/18—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F24S2023/876—Reflectors formed by assemblies of adjacent reflective elements having different orientation or different features
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar collector with a concentrator arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 .
  • Trough collectors are used inter alia in solar power plants, wherein arrangements for the secondary concentration for such trough collectors have been increasingly suggested.
  • the radiation of the sun is reflected using the concentrator through collectors and focused in a targeted manner on a location in which high temperatures (or high light density) arise as a result.
  • the concentrated heat can be conducted away and used to operate thermal engines such as turbines which in turn drive the generators which generate electricity.
  • the dish/Sterling systems as small units in the range of up to 50 kW per module have generally not caught on.
  • Solar tower plant systems have a central absorber which is mounted in an elevated manner (on the “tower”) for the sunlight which is reflected to it by means of hundreds to thousands of individual mirrors, whereby the radiation energy of the sun is concentrated in the absorber by means of the many mirrors or concentrators and thus temperatures of up to 1300° C. should be reached, which is favourable for the efficiency of the downstream thermal engines (generally a steam or fluid turbine power plant for electricity generation).
  • the “Solar two” system in California has an output of several MW.
  • the PS20 system in California has an output of 20 MW.
  • Parabolic trough plants are however widespread and have large numbers of collectors which have long concentrators with small transverse dimensions and thus do not have a focal point but a focal line. These linear concentrators currently have a length of 20 m to 150 m.
  • An absorber pipe runs in the focal line for the concentrated heat (up to almost 500° C.), which transports the heat to the power plant.
  • Thermal oil, molten salts or superheated steam for example are possibilities for the transport medium.
  • the power plant “Nevada Solar One”, connected to the mains in 2007, has trough collectors with 182,400 curved mirrors, which are arranged on an area of 140 hectares, and produces 65 MW.
  • Andasol 3 in Spain has been under construction since September 2009 and should enter into operation in 2011, so that the plants Andasol 1 to 3 will have a maximum output of 50 MW.
  • an essential parameter for the efficiency of a solar tower power plant is the temperature of the transport medium heated by the collectors, by means of which transport medium the heat obtained is transported away from the collector and is used for conversion into power for example: at relatively high temperature, a higher efficiency can be achieved during the conversion.
  • the temperature that can be realised in the transport medium depends in turn on the concentration of the solar radiation reflected by the concentrator.
  • a concentration of 50 means that in the focal range of the concentrator, an energy density per m 2 which corresponds to 50-times the energy irradiated from the sun to a m 2 of the earth's surface is achieved.
  • the theoretically maximum possible concentration depends on the Earth-Sun geometry, that is to say on the opening angle of the solar disc observed from the Earth. It follows from this opening angle of 0.27° that the theoretically maximum possible concentration factor lies at 213 for trough collectors.
  • secondary concentrators which once again concentrate the solar radiation reflected by the primary (trough) concentrator in the longitudinal direction of the primary concentrator, so that the solar radiation is ultimately concentrated into a number of focal points, thus the concentration of the sunlight and the thus created temperature are higher and more than 600° C. should be achievable.
  • CPCs compound parabolic concentrators
  • the constructive outlay is dispensed with for an arrangement of pivotable secondary concentrators both for the complete capture of all reflected rays and for the orientation which is always to be observed with high precision with the passage of time, but is constantly changing.
  • This is of particular importance in a high-temperature environment, as is naturally unavoidable in the case of secondary concentrators which should generate temperatures above 600°.
  • photovoltaic cells which by their very nature must be arranged directly at the exit of the secondary concentrators and therefore must be cooled, which creates additional design problems.
  • FIG. 1 a schematically shows a trough collector of known design with an arrangement of secondary concentrators
  • FIG. 1 b schematically shows the daily path of the sun and the skew angle occurring
  • FIG. 1 c schematically shows the skew angle in the collector
  • FIG. 1 d shows a graph with the change of the skew angle over a year in a North/South orientation of a trough collector with the assumed location of Dubai
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a secondary concentrator
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a first preferred embodiment of the trough collector according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a view from above onto the embodiment of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a view onto a section of the adjacently arranged rows of secondary concentrators according to the view of FIG. 4 ,
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7 a to 7 c show a view from the side of a concentrating element modified according to the invention for various acceptance ranges.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a trough collector 1 according to the prior art with a primary concentrator 2 which rests in a frame which is not illustrated in any more detail so as not to overload the figure, is of pivotable construction and thus can be made to track the daily course of the sun.
  • the double arrow 3 shows the longitudinal direction
  • the double arrow 4 shows the transverse direction of the trough collector 1
  • the double arrow 5 shows the pivoting directions of the collector 1 .
  • secondary concentrators 9 here constructed as Fresnel lenses, and also a solar ray 10 which falls onto the primary concentrator 2 , is reflected by means of the same as a ray 11 towards a focal line region of the primary concentrator 2 and after the passage through a secondary concentrator 9 is refracted in the longitudinal direction 3 , so that it is finally directed as ray 12 onto a focal line region 13 .
  • the incident solar rays are initially concentrated in the transverse direction 4 , then in the longitudinal direction 3 , wherein the thus arising focal point regions 13 are located on an absorber pipe 14 which absorbs the heat and dissipates the same via a heat-transporting medium.
  • the primary concentrator 2 here illustrated as a rigid mirror, can also be constructed as a flexible film clamped in a pressure cell, as is illustrated for example in WO 2010/037243.
  • photovoltaic cells may also be provided for producing power at the location of the focal point regions 13 .
  • FIG. 1 b shows the daily path of the sun in relation to a collector 1 . Illustrated is the collector 1 orientated in the North/South direction with the horizon symbolised by the dashed line 20 , as may be visible from the collector 1 . Further illustrated is the path 21 of the sun on a summer's day which begins in the East at point 22 and ends in the West at point 23 . Likewise, the path 25 of the sun on a winter's day beginning in the East at point 26 and ending in the West at point 27 can be seen.
  • the collector 1 By pivoting in accordance with the double arrow 5 , the collector 1 is continuously orientated towards the sun over the day, i.e. in the morning, it is tilted to the left with reference to the FIG. 1 b , orientated horizontally at midday and tilted to the right in the evening.
  • a solar ray 31 falls from obliquely in front onto the collector 1 , the skew angle is negative, if a solar ray 30 falls from obliquely behind onto the collector 1 , the skew angle is positive. If a solar ray coincides with the normal 29 at midday, the skew angle is 0. This is shown in summary in FIGS. 1 c and 1 d : If the collector 1 is orientated towards the sun, the solar rays fall below the skew angle S onto the concentrator 2 in such a manner that they lie with the normal 29 in a plane E, wherein the reflected rays, which are not illustrated so as not to overload the figure, are concentrated into the focal line region of the concentrator 2 .
  • FIG. 1 d shows a graph by way of example with the region of the skew angle based on the location of Dubai depending on the season: the season t is plotted on the horizontal axis, the value of the skew angle in degrees is plotted on the vertical axis.
  • the graph of FIG. 1 d is based on a North/South orientation of the collector 1 , wherein the pivoting range of ⁇ 70 to +70° is sufficient (0° corresponds to the horizontal orientation at midday).
  • FIG. 2 shows a secondary concentrator 40 , as can be used in a collector 1 ( FIG. 1 a ) in the place of the secondary concentrators 9 constructed as Fresnel lenses shown schematically there.
  • the secondary concentrator 40 has a front wall 41 and a rear wall 42 , which are constructed as compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs).
  • CPCs are fundamentally known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the CPC is used for the secondary concentration of the solar rays 11 , 11 ′ reflected by the primary concentrator 2 ( FIG. 1 a ), i.e. it concentrates the same in the longitudinal direction 3 .
  • a right side wall 43 and a left side wall 44 which are constructed as trumpet concentrators and allow solar rays 11 concentrated by the primary concentrator in the transverse direction 4 to additionally concentrate once more in the transverse direction 4 .
  • a trumpet concentrator is fundamentally known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the lower opening 48 of the secondary concentrator 40 has an acceptance range which is determined by the properties of the CPCs and also the trumpet concentrator, with the consequence that only rays 11 incident below the acceptance angle are concentrated into the focal point region 47 , which is not the case for the ray 11 ′ lying outside the acceptance angle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Illustrated is a collector 50 with a flexible concentrator membrane 52 arranged in a pressure cell 51 , which primarily concentrates the incident solar rays 53 , 53 ′ and therefore reflects the same as rays 54 , 54 ′ onto an arrangement for secondary concentration 55 .
  • the pressure cell 51 is clamped in a frame 59 of the collector 50 .
  • a carriage 58 is arranged, which is arranged such that it can be displaced back and forth in the transverse direction 4 below the absorber pipe 57 and carries secondary concentrators 40 ( FIG. 2 ), here in a plurality of mutually adjacent rows 60 , 61 and 62 , so that the secondary concentrators 40 are grouped in the rows 60 to 62 . In each row or group 60 to 62 , the associated secondary concentrators 40 then lie one behind the other and are thus arranged along the length of the primary concentrator.
  • one of the rows 60 to 62 is located below the absorber pipe 57 , i.e. in the operating position in the path of the reflected radiation and the two other rows are located in the rest position i.e. outside of the path of the reflected radiation.
  • each row (or group) 60 to 62 are orientated differently compared to those of another group, that is to say have a differently orientated acceptance range and are therefore suitable to secondarily concentrate radiation which corresponds to an associated predetermined range of the skew angle S, i.e. in a predetermined skew range:
  • the person skilled in the art can therefore determine the complete skew range (which in the example of FIG. 1 d ranges from ⁇ 18° to)+49°, divide the same into a suitable number of predetermined skew ranges (in the example according to the arrangement of FIG. 3 , three thereof) and assign a row (or group) 60 to 62 of secondary concentrators 40 to each of these thus predetermined skew ranges, which secondary concentrators are orientated towards their skew range and which are then brought into operating position in the corresponding season by means of the displacement of the carriage 48 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a view from above onto the collector 50 according to FIG. 3 , wherein the absorber pipe 57 is omitted so as not to overload the figure. The position thereof is illustrated by means of the line 70 .
  • three rows or groups 60 to 62 of secondary concentrators 40 are arranged in the carriage 58 .
  • the secondary concentrators 40 are orientated in a respective row towards an associated skew range.
  • the trough collector according to the invention has an arrangement 65 for secondary concentration of the solar rays 54 , 54 ′ reflected by the primary concentrator 42 , which arrangement concentrates the solar rays further into focal point regions 46 ( FIG. 2 ), wherein the arrangement 65 for secondary concentration of the reflected radiation has a number of variously orientated concentrating components here constructed as secondary concentrators 40 and further has means in order to bring the concentrating components alternately into an operating position in the path of the reflected radiation or into a rest position outside of the path of the reflected radiation.
  • These means are constructed in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 as framework 56 , carriage 58 and drive for the carriage 58 .
  • FIG. 5 shows the view onto the section according to the dashed line 71 made up of the rows 60 to 62 of secondary concentrators 40 . So as not to overload the figure, the carriage 58 and all further elements of the collector 50 are omitted, only the position of the absorber pipe 57 is shown by the line 71 . In the figure, the different orientation of the secondary concentrators of each of the rows 60 to 62 can be seen clearly.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiment of a secondary concentrator illustrated in FIG. 2 , any element, by means of which the radiation reflected by the primary concentrator is concentrated longitudinally into a focal point region, conforms with the invention.
  • the means for the displacement of the secondarily concentrating elements may be constructed differently, so for example in the place of a carriage 58 travelling over the framework 56 , it is conceivable to arrange the secondarily concentrating elements on rotating rings placed around the absorber pipe.
  • photovoltaic cells may be arranged in the focal point regions formed by the secondarily concentrating elements.
  • the parabolic-trough shape of the primary concentrator means that the reflected rays do not fall parallel into the secondarily concentrating element as seen in the longitudinal direction, but rather at an angle of a few degrees, the value of which changes with the size of the skew angle. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, the acceptance ranges of the secondarily concentrating elements of the various rows or groups are constructed in an overlapping manner, so that when changing from one row to another row, the currently prevailing solar radiation can be concentrated completely into the focal point regions by both rows.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a collector 80 according to the present invention, in which the arrangement 65 for secondary concentration is modified.
  • a single row 83 of secondarily concentrating elements, here of secondary concentrators 40 is fixedly arranged in the framework 56 by means of holding arms 84 between the absorber pipe 57 and the carriage 58 .
  • rows 85 and 86 of attachment elements 87 and 89 Arranged in the carriage 58 are rows 85 and 86 of attachment elements 87 and 89 , which, depending on the position of the carriage 85 lie in an operating position (i.e. in the path of the radiation 44 , 44 ′) and together with the secondary concentrators 40 form a modified element for secondary concentrators.
  • the effect of the attachment element is such that the acceptance range of the secondary concentrators 40 changes so that, in turn, three different rows of secondarily concentrating elements exist, which in each case are assigned to a skew range and have the corresponding acceptance range.
  • FIGS. 7 a to 7 c show schematically in the FIGS. 7 a to 7 c , wherein FIG. 7 a shows a secondary concentrator 40 without attachment element, the acceptance range of which corresponds to the dashed line 86 . Illustrated in FIG. 7 b is an attachment element 87 which constitutes an asymmetric continuation of the front wall opposite the rear wall 42 of the secondary concentrator 40 and thus changes the direction of the acceptance range thereof in accordance with the dashed line 88 . Likewise in FIG. 7 c , where the direction of the acceptance range of the secondary concentrator 40 illustrated there is changed even more strongly by means of the larger attachment element 89 , as is illustrated by the dashed line 90 . For example and in accordance with the graph according to FIG.
  • the row of secondary concentrators 40 according to FIG. 7 a can be laid out for a skew range of ⁇ 18° to +10°
  • the row of secondary concentrators with attachment elements 87 according to FIG. 7 b can be laid out for a skew range of 5° to +33°
  • the row of secondary concentrators with attachment elements 89 according to FIG. 7 c can be laid out for a skew range of +30° to +48°.
  • the person skilled in the art can determine the skew ranges depending on the actual conditions prevailing on site. Likewise, the person skilled in the art can determine the number of rows of secondarily concentrating elements; although the number of three rows shown in the present exemplary embodiments is seen as advantageous, only two or more than three, for example four to six rows, are conceivable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
US14/397,723 2012-05-01 2013-04-30 Trough collector with concentrator arrangement Abandoned US20150354856A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00604/12A CH706465A1 (de) 2012-05-01 2012-05-01 Rinnenkollektor mit einer Konzentratoranordnung.
CH604/12 2012-05-01
PCT/CH2013/000074 WO2013163771A1 (de) 2012-05-01 2013-04-30 Rinnenkollektor mit konzentratoranordnung

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US14/397,723 Abandoned US20150354856A1 (en) 2012-05-01 2013-04-30 Trough collector with concentrator arrangement

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US (1) US20150354856A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2844928A1 (de)
CN (1) CN104471326A (de)
CH (1) CH706465A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2013163771A1 (de)

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CN106936381A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2017-07-07 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 一种聚光太阳能模组安装方法

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US8546686B2 (en) * 2009-05-08 2013-10-01 Arthur Ashkin Solar energy collection system
US20110247679A1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2011-10-13 Ben Shelef Solar receiver
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US20140332054A1 (en) * 2011-11-29 2014-11-13 Airlight Energy Ip Sa Solar collector having a pivotable concentrator arrangement
US8978642B2 (en) * 2012-01-05 2015-03-17 Joel Stettenheim Cavity receivers for parabolic solar troughs
US20140166077A1 (en) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-19 Skyven Technologies, LLC Solar concentration system
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106936381A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2017-07-07 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 一种聚光太阳能模组安装方法

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WO2013163771A1 (de) 2013-11-07
CN104471326A (zh) 2015-03-25
CH706465A1 (de) 2013-11-15
EP2844928A1 (de) 2015-03-11

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