US20150219395A1

US20150219395A1 - Link belt for use in furnaces

Info

Publication number: US20150219395A1
Application number: US14/686,182
Authority: US
Inventors: Brett A. Cutshall; Robert S. Cutshall
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-12-04
Filing date: 2015-04-14
Publication date: 2015-08-06
Also published as: US20110226592A1; US9004270B2; WO2010065869A1

Abstract

A link belt for use in a sintering furnace, which is made of a plurality of first links, each of said links having working surfaces for supporting objects to be carried on the belt. A plurality of rollers are positioned intermediate certain of said first links, and a plurality of pins pass through apertures within said first links and within said rollers.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of U.S. National Stage application Ser. No. 13/128,416, filed Jun. 9, 2011, which is based upon and claims benefit of PCT Application No. PCT/U.S. Ser. No. 09/066,796, filed Dec. 4, 2009, which is based upon and claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/119,908 filed Dec. 4, 2008, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable.

PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT

Not Applicable.

REFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING

Not Applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a link belt for use in a continuous furnace and, more particularly, link belts having roller configurations.
2. Background Art
It is known to advantageously treat various articles by subjecting the articles to high temperatures for preselected periods of time. Such treatment may, for example, effect sintering of articles which are made by compacting powdered refractory metals or ceramics. In this regard, some of these processes include method steps where the articles are transported through a heat treating zone in a furnace, rather than being loaded and unloaded in batches.
For example, it is known to transport articles through heating zones on link belts made of wire which are formed by conventional belt links. Somewhat similar to a wire belt is a transport belt disclosed in Miller, Jr. et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,535,946 issued Nov. 15, 1995. The Miller, Jr. et al. patent discloses a belt made up of a succession of interwoven links, with each of the links formed of a length of tungsten wire which has been treated to a temperature of at least 400° C. The links are wound around an elliptical mandrel so as to provide, when cooled, a link which is in the form of a slightly flattened helix. Miller, Jr. et al. further disclose that they believe that by the avoidance of sharp bends in the link form and by the provision of a large number of interlocking contact points between links, strength and failure resistance are improved.
Autenrieth, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,199,868 issued Apr. 6, 1993 discloses a continuous furnace which serves for the simultaneous two-sided sintering of sintered sheets upon substrates. The furnace of Autenrieth, et al. includes a muffle and a conveyor belt longitudinally traversing the muffle and carrying the substrates. The belt consists of a pair of individual belts which are guided in parallel next to each other in a synchronous manner. The belt surfaces are mutually inclined at a small angle to the horizontal in the muffle. The substrates are self supporting between two parallel lateral edges. The substrates lie with one lateral edge on the belt surface of one belt and with the second lateral edge on the belt surface of the other belt. In this manner, the bottom side of each substrate does not touch the individual belts.
Fritsch, U.S. Pat. No. 2,994,917 issued Jul. 28, 1954 discloses an apparatus for converting metal powder into wrought metal shapes comprising at least one pair of oppositely disposed and laterally spaced vertical compactor elements. Each of the compactor elements includes an endless link belt mounted to travel about a pair of support wheels. The adjacent outer surfaces of the link belt form substantially continuous pressure surfaces inclined at an acute angle to the common axis of the pair of compactor elements. The adjacent pressure surfaces define a truncated V-shaped passageway. Means are provided for moving the link belt at the same rate of speed and in opposite directions so that the adjacent pressure surfaces travel uniformly toward the narrow end of the passageway defined by the compactor elements. In this manner, loose metal powder is compacted into a precompressed strip having sufficient mechanical strength to retain its form. This strip is introduced into a pair of pressure rolls. A power feed hopper is adapted to introduce loose metal powder into the wide end of the passageway. A pair of oppositely disposed pressure rolls having the axis of the rolls disposed in a horizontal plane define a roll gap with a width which is less than the width of the narrow end of the passageway.
Daringer, U.S. Pat. No. 5,558,204 issued Sep. 24, 1996 describes a weld-free belt assembly in which elongated length modules are coupled in widthwise and side-by-side relationships by transversely-oriented coupling modules. An internal cavity is defined within each link along with a surface configuration on each side of the link. This configuration defines an entry access portion for a coupler and slot portions for enabling relative longitudinal movement of the coupler, while retaining the coupler within the internal cavity. The interfitting coactions of the links and couplers enable an assembled belt to move from linear planar travel into a curved path so as to establish an endless belt configuration. Relative movement of the couplers within a link cavity enables longitudinal collection of links along the inner circumference when the belt enters a curvilinear travel path in approximately the same plane, and enables re-extension for return to linear travel. An assembled belt can be driven longitudinally by sprockets. Also, the belt can be driven along a serpentine path by lateral-edge dynamic frictional drive. Alternatively, a similarly driven and layered helical-path “carousel” arrangement can be used. Special configuration lateral-edge links provide protrusion-free lateral edge surfaces enabling smooth dynamic frictional drive along inner circumference surfaces during curvilinear travel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with certain concepts of the invention, a continuous conveyor belt is provided, which primarily consists of five separate parts. These parts are center links, side links, rollers, pins and washers. Pins are utilized to hold the parts together, and the washers are utilized at the ends of the pins to keep the assembly from accidentally falling apart.
A principal purpose of the invention is to convey “green” parts stacked on ceramic plates through a furnace. Most applications are between 2000° F. and 2250° F. The heat of the furnace allows the green parts to be sintered.
Several challenges exist with respect to the applications for which the current invention has been designed. First, the market to which the continuous conveyor belt would be applied would greatly increase if the invention could be retrofitted into current furnace designs. Current furnaces utilize a drive mechanism called a pinch roll. This style of drive uses a roll to pinch the topside of the belt onto the larger drive roll, assuring that it has enough grip to convey the belt through the furnace. The second challenge was the amount of friction between the conveyor belt and hearth at application temperatures. In this case, friction could be as high as u=3.
To overcome these challenges, a conveyor is provided which will have a grip on the pinch roller, with reduced friction. This configuration is provided by a conveyor belt produced from asymmetric links that utilize an offset roller, so that it can roll across the hearth but still track across the drive roll. Ceramic plates with parts, could still be set directly on top of the belt.
One problem which was needed to be overcome in accordance with the invention relates to the concept that asymmetry produces what is simply called “bending stress.” To avoid this issue, finite element analysis was used to minimize parts bend moment. The result is a part which is an “interesting” I-beam configuration on its top surface. Because the green parts sit right on plates, a solid upper surface is not required.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

The invention will now be described with respect to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a partially schematic and partially diagrammatic view of a sintering furnace with which a link belt may be used in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is an underside, perspective view of a belt section in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 3 is an upper, perspective view of the belt section shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective and exploded view of the belt section shown in FIGS. 2 and 3;

FIG. 5 is a side, elevation view of the belt section, showing the roller configuration;

FIG. 6 is an underside, perspective view of a center link of the belt section shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is an upper, perspective view of a center link of the belt section shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the center link shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a front, elevation view of the center link shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 10 is a left-side elevation view of the center link shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 11 is a right-side elevation view of the center link shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 12 is an upper side view of the center link shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 13 is an elevation view of the center link shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 14 is a rear, elevation view of a side link of the belt section shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 15 is a plan view of the side link shown in FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a front, elevation view of the side link shown in FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a left-side elevation view of the side link shown in FIG. 14;

FIG. 18 is a right-side elevation view of the side link shown in FIG. 14;

FIG. 19 is a bottom view of the side link shown in FIG. 14; and

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the side link shown in FIG. 14.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The principles of the invention will now be described, with respect to a sintering furnace 10 and a link belt 14 as illustrated in FIGS. 1-20. Advantageously and in accordance with various aspects of the invention, the link belt overcomes relatively high friction due to its roller configuration. In addition, as a result of the link belt in accordance with the invention having a relatively flat upper surface 142 (comprising lateral surface 144 and longitudinal surfaces 146) and offset rollers 128, larger parts are allowed to be placed on the belt. Still further, the offset rollers allow for use in current furnaces which use friction drives. The belt uses rollers 128 which can be formed of ceramic material. The use of the ceramic precludes spot welding of the rollers 128 to the pins 132. Still further, the use of ceramic material for the rollers avoids the potential for “stiction” if the belt is stopped while under relatively high temperatures. The belt links can be constructed of iron-nickel super alloys or other suitable metal. This type of construction will maintain relatively high strength, while also maintaining relatively better ductility than a fully ceramic belt. The belt has a relatively lower initial cost of ownership than belts which consist of wire mesh systems, or which otherwise consist of fully ceramic systems.
Turning to FIG. 1, the drawing illustrates a sintering furnace system 10. The furnace system 10 includes a sintering furnace 12. It should be emphasized that link belts in accordance with the invention may be utilized with apparatus other than sintering furnaces. For background information, sintering consists of a method for making objects from powder, by heating the material (heating below its melting point for solid state sintering) until the particles adhere to each other. Sintering is traditionally used for manufacture of ceramic objects, and also has uses in fields such as metallurgy.
For providing the sintering functions associated with the furnace 12, a link belt 14 is utilized to transport the items to be sintered through the relatively high temperature furnace 12. The link belt 14 can take on any of a number of different configurations, and will move through the furnace 12 in the direction shown by the arrows 16. The link belt 14 itself moves along a path determined by a series of system rollers 18. The drive mechanism for the link belt 14 is provided by a conventional motor drive 20 which exerts forces on the link belt 14 between the motor drive 20 itself and the drive system roller 22. As further shown in FIG. 1, items (not shown) which are to be subjected to the sintering process through the furnace 12 can be placed on the link belt 14 at the charge end 24. Once the sintering process is completed through the furnace 12, the items which have been sintered can be removed at the discharge end 26 of the link belt 14.
The link belt 14 will now be described with respect to FIGS. 2-20. As shown in FIG. 2, the link belt 14 can include a series of belt sections 102. The belt sections 102 can be linked together in a manner which will be apparent from the subsequent description herein. With reference to FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 6-13, each of the belt sections 102 can include a series of alloy center links 104, such as shown in the drawings. In the particular belt section 102 shown in FIG. 2, there are 8 center links 104 illustrated. With reference to FIG. 6, each of the center links 104 can include a horizontally disposed bottom section 106. Integral with the horizontal section 106 are a pair of opposing end sections or noses 108. As shown in FIGS. 8-13, the noses 108 include a first end section 110 and a second end section 112. Each of the noses 108 can include a downwardly directed arcuate section 114. In FIG. 6, the first end section 110 includes an arcuate section 114 which curves inwardly toward the horizontal section 106. Correspondingly, the second end section 112 also includes a downwardly directed arcuate section 114 which curves inwardly toward the horizontal section 106. In this manner, the end sections 108 oppose each other.
As each of the arcuate sections depend downwardly, the sections form straight sections 140. The straight sections 140 terminate in what can be characterized as working surfaces 142. The working surfaces 142 act as the actual contact surfaces. These working surfaces 142 are particularly shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 7. As particularly shown in FIG. 7, the working surfaces 142 include a pair of laterally extending surfaces 144. Integral with the lateral working surfaces 144 is a longitudinally extending working surface 146.
In addition to the foregoing, and as particularly shown in FIGS. 9 and 13, the arcuate sections 114 and straight sections 140, along with the bottom section 106, form a pair of pin holes 148. The pin holes 148 comprise apertures 116 which are utilized to receive pins as described in subsequent paragraphs herein. In addition to the pin holes 148, each of the center links 144 also include a center post 150. The center post 150 is utilized to provide rigidity and strength to the entirety of the center link 104. With this particular configuration of the center link 104 in accordance with the invention, the link 104 is made relatively light weight by the structure of the link and portions of the structure which essentially comprise hollow interior. Advantageously, and in accordance with certain aspects of the invention, the links 104 may be constructed of iron-nickel super alloys. Such construction will maintain relatively high strength, while also maintaining and facilitating better ductility then may be obtained from a fully ceramic belt. Also, it should be noted that a crown may now exist on the top plates. This avoids any requirement of a corrugated plate, while still using a friction drive.
In addition to the alloy center links 104, the belt section 102 also includes a series of alloy side links 120. In the particular illustration of the belt section 102 shown in FIG. 2, there are two alloy side links 120. However, it should be emphasized that additional side links 120 would exist on the side of the belt section 102 opposing the side on which the side links 120 are shown. The side links 120 will now be described with respect to FIGS. 14-20. With reference thereto, each of the alloy side links 120 includes a vertically disposed central section 122. At opposing ends of the central section 122 are a pair of end sections 124. Each of the end sections 124 has a arcuate-shaped end surface. Formed horizontally through each of the end sections 124 is an aperture 126. The alloy side links 120 are utilized to secure together the alloy center links 104, and the apertures are utilized with alloy pins as described in subsequent paragraphs herein to secure the alloy center links and rollers together on a “widthwise” basis. Each of the alloy side links 120 can also be constructed of iron-nickel super alloys, for maintaining strength and ductility.
Turning again to FIGS. 2-4, each belt section 102 also includes a series of rollers 128. Advantageously, and in accordance with certain aspects of the invention, the belt section 102 essentially is formed of a flat upper surface (through the surfaces 142, 144, 146 of the alloy center links 104) and the rollers 128 are “offset” relative to the belt center links of the section. Such offset rollers 128 can be utilized with current furnaces having friction drives. As shown primarily in FIG. 4, each of the rollers 128 is of a cylindrical configuration and includes an aperture 130 (FIG. 2) extending horizontally therethrough.
Again, as earlier mentioned, development of the invention involved the conception of a conveyor that would have grip on the pinch roller and reduced friction. In accordance with the invention, a conveyor belt was produced from asymmetric links that utilize rollers 128 which are offset so that they can roll across the hearth, but still track across the drive roll. Ceramic plates, full of parts, can still be set directly on top of the belt.
The rollers 128 may be formed of various materials. However, advantageously and in accordance with certain aspects of the invention, the rollers 128 maybe formed of ceramic materials. Ceramic material has a relatively high thermal conductivity. These materials are used in a number of different types of applications where it is necessary to withstand relatively extreme temperatures. For example, ceramic is often used in disc brakes. In this regard, the use of ceramic for the rollers 128 will tend to avoid spot welding of the rollers 128 to the alloy pins. Further, the rollers 128 will also avoid the potential for “stiction,” if the belt 14 for some reason has stopped while under temperature.
In addition to the aforedescribed elements, the belt section 102 also includes a series of alloy pins 132. The alloy pins 132 are particularly shown in FIG. 4 and are of a cylindrical configuration. As shown primarily in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the pins 132 are utilized to secure together the rollers 128, alloy side links 120 and alloy center links 104. Where the pins extend through to the side links 120, pin connectors 134 can be utilized to secure the pins in an appropriate manner. As also shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the alloy pins 132 will extend through the apertures 130, 126 and 116.
In accordance with the foregoing, the belt section 102 can be formed. It should be emphasized that the width of the belt section 102 can be adjusted as desired by adding or subtracting the individual elements of the belt sections 102.
In accordance with the foregoing, a continuous conveyor belt has been described, primarily consisting of five separate parts. These parts included center links, side links, rollers, pins and washers. As earlier stated, a primary purpose of the invention is to convey “green” parts stacked on ceramic plates through a furnace. With most applications operating between 2000° F. and 2250° F., the heat of the furnace allows the green parts to be sintered.
Conveyor belts in accordance with certain concepts of the invention can be retrofitted into current furnace designs. Such current furnaces utilize a drive mechanism identified as a pinch roll. This style of drive utilizes a roll to pinch the top side of the belt onto the larger drive roll, assuring that it has enough grip to convey the belt through the furnaces. A second challenge is the amount of friction between the conveyor belt and hearth at application temperatures. Friction in these cases can be relatively high.
As described in detail herein, these challenges are overcome by the concept of a conveyor that would have grip on the pinch roller and reduced friction. A conveyor belt was produced from asymmetric links which utilize an offset roller, so that they can roll across the hearth, but still track across the drive roll.
Of primary importance, asymmetry produces another challenge, commonly referred to as bending stress. To avoid this issue, finite element analysis was used to minimize the parts bend moment. The result is a part which has a somewhat “interesting” I-beam shape on its top surface. Since the green parts ride on plates, a solid upper surface is not required.
To insure adequate disclosure and clarification of the embodiments of the invention described herein, concepts associated with bending stress relate to the general concept of bending moments for structural elements. A bending moment is a reaction induced in a structural element when external force or moment is applied to the element, causing the element to bend. Correspondingly, finite element analysis relates to techniques originally developed for numerical solution of complex problems and structural mechanics. Utilizing the finite element method, a structural system can be modeled by a set of appropriate finite elements interconnected at points called nodes. Elements may have physical properties, such as thickness, coefficient of thermal expansion, density, Young's modules, shear modules, and Poisson's ratio. Elements are typically interconnected only at exterior nodes, although they are meant to cover an entire domain as accurately as possible. Nodes will have nodal displacements or degrees in freedom which may include translations, rotations and the like. Displacements of any points in the element will be interpolated from the nodal displacement, with this being the main reason for the approximate nature of a solution.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the pertinent arts that other embodiments of link belts in accordance with the invention may be designed. That is, the principles of the invention are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and other variations of the above-described illustrative embodiments of the invention may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the invention.

Claims

1. A link belt for use in a sintering furnace, said link belt comprising:

a plurality of first links, each of said links comprising working surfaces for supporting objects to be carried on said belt;

a plurality of rollers positioned intermediate certain of said first links; and

a plurality of pins received through apertures within said first links and within said rollers.

2. A link belt in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that each of said rollers is formed of ceramic material.

3. A link belt in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that each of said first links comprises a top section having opposing ends and a bottom section having opposing ends, said bottom section being spaced apart from said top section, and said top section and said bottom section of each of said first links being joined at said ends by noses.

4. A link belt in accordance with claim 3, characterized in that said top section of said first links comprises:

a main body;

a longitudinal member substantially narrower than the width of said top section main body, and extending upwardly from said main body; and

lateral members extending upwardly from said main body at the ends of said longitudinal member, the upper surfaces of said longitudinal and lateral members defining said working surfaces.

5. A link belt in accordance with claim 4, characterized by a center post joining said top and bottom sections of said first links.

6. A link belt in accordance with claim 5, characterized in that:

each of said bottom sections comprises a main body; and

said main bodies of said top and bottom sections have comparable dimensions.

7. A link belt in accordance with claim 6, characterized in that each of said first links comprises ribs projecting upwardly from said main body of said bottom section, and extending from said center post to said noses.

8. A link belt in accordance with claim 3, characterized in that said noses comprise arcuate sections defining said pin receiving apertures in said first links.

9. A link belt in accordance with claim 8, characterized in that said pin receiving apertures are partially open along the portion thereof facing said center post, but are sufficiently closed so as to retain said pin within said aperture.

10. A link belt in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said link belt comprises a plurality of second links, said second links positioned at opposing sides of said link belt.

11. A link belt in accordance with claim 10, characterized in that:

an aperture is formed horizontally through each end of each of said second links; and

each of said pins being received within said apertures of said second links so as to secure together said side links, said rollers and said first links.

12. A link belt in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said first links are formed of iron-nickel super alloy material.

13. A link belt in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that each of said first links comprises:

a top section;

a pair of opposing noses integral with or otherwise connected to said top section, said noses comprising a first end section and a second end section; and

said first end section and said second end section each comprise an arcuate section curving inwardly toward a center of said top section.

14. A link belt in accordance with claim 13, characterized in that each of said first links further comprises straight sections formed at said ends of said arcuate sections, said straight sections terminating in working surfaces formed at the top of lateral members of each of said first links.

15. A link belt in accordance with claim 14, characterized in that for each of said first links, said arcuate sections define said apertures for said pins.

16. A link belt in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that each of said first links comprises a top section, a bottom section spaced apart from said top section, a center post joining said top and bottom sections, and a substantially hollow interior formed around said center post between said top section and said bottom section.

17. A link belt for use in a sintering furnace, said link belt comprising:

a plurality of first links, each of said first links comprising:

a top section comprising a main body and working surfaces for supporting objects to be carried on said belt and formed at the top of longitudinal and lateral members extending upwardly from said main body of said top section;

a bottom section spaced apart from said top section, said top section and said bottom section being joined together at ends thereof by noses, and also being joined together by a center post;

a plurality of rollers positioned intermediate certain of said first links, each of said rollers having an aperture extending therethrough;

a plurality of second links positioned on opposing sides of said link belt and comprising a pair of apertures extending therethrough; and

a plurality of pins extending between said opposing sides of said link belt, each of said pins being received through said apertures of said first links, rollers and second links.