Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
  • C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
  • C10L2200/0446—Diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to fuel compositions. More specifically, it relates to diesel fuel compositions that contain no more than 30 ppm of active detergent additive or active dispersant additive or mixtures thereof.
• Diesel engines have been used in applications such as stationary power generation, locomotives, ships, trucks, and automobiles. These engines, unlike gasoline engines, lack an ignition source, (i.e., spark plug) to initiate combustion in the cylinder. Air is compressed to high pressure resulting in sufficiently high temperature to cause auto-ignition when diesel fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber.
• ignition source i.e., spark plug
• Fuel injectors are a significant element in the system to deliver fuel to the engine. Proper operation of the fuel injector is critical to the smooth operation of the engine for optimum power, fuel consumption, and emissions control. Optimized operation relies on precise injection timing, fuel volume delivery, and designed spray pattern.
• Diesel fuel has the tendency to form solid deposits in many engine applications at high temperature. Carbon deposits, if not controlled, build up at the injector nozzle tip and lead to restricted flow volume and spray pattern. Larger fuel droplets in the combustion chamber require more time to burn efficiently. Lacking sufficient timing, fuel economy and emissions are affected adversely.
• Detergent additives are commonly employed in diesel fuels to minimize or eliminate fuel injector nozzle tip carbon deposits. It has now been found that diesel engine injector deposits can be reduced or eliminated by use of diesel fuel stability and antioxidant additives.
• the present invention is directed to a fuel composition
• a fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the diesel range and an effective deposit-controlling amount of at least one stability additive or at least one antioxidant additive or mixtures thereof, and wherein the fuel composition contains no more than 30 ppm of active detergent additive or active dispersant additive or mixtures thereof.
• the present invention is directed to a method of reducing injector deposits in a direct injection diesel engine comprising supplying a fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the diesel range and an effective deposit-controlling amount of at least one stability additive or at least one antioxidant additive or mixtures thereof, and wherein the fuel composition contains no more than 30 ppm of active detergent additive or active dispersant additive or mixtures thereof to an internal combustion engine.
• the present invention further provides a fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the diesel range and an effective deposit-controlling amount of a fuel additive composition of the present invention.
• the present invention also provides a method of improving the compatibility of a fuel additive composition comprising blending together the components of the fuel additive composition of the present invention.
• fuel or “hydrocarbon-based fuel” refers to normally liquid hydrocarbons having boiling points in the range of diesel fuels.
• hydrocarbons boiling in the diesel range refers to hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range of from about 150° C. to about 350° C.
• the presently claimed invention is directed to a fuel composition that may be used in a diesel engine.
• the diesel fuel composition of the present invention has a stability additive and does not comprise a detergent additive or a dispersant additive.
• Diesel detergent additives are used commonly to reduce or eliminate injector coking and carbon deposits.
• Common diesel detergent additives include, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) amines, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, Mannich reaction products, nitro and amino aromatic esters of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols, polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkanes, and the like.
• Fuels also have to be manufactured, blended, and/or additized to ensure stability. Unstable diesel fuel can degrade, undergo undesirable chemical reactions, and form solid particles. Such particles can clog fuel filters and reduce fuel flow to the engine. They also can interfere with the operation of pumps and injectors that have extremely small clearances between sliding or rotating surfaces. Stability can be thermal (engine and vehicle environment) or storage (long term).
• stability additives prevent oxidation and degradation of the diesel fuel.
• stability includes, but is not limited to, thermal stability, storage stability, oxidative stability and the like.
• Common stability additives and antioxidants include, but are not limited to, hydroquinone and its derivatives, alkyl phenols, various amines such as substituted phenylenediamines, and combinations of amines and phenols, either as separate molecules or bonded together in amine-phenolic resins.
• Amine-phenolic resin stability additives are known and are commercially available, for example, from Nalco (e.g., EC5111A, EC5300A and EC5302A) and Innospec (e.g., FOA-91).
• the diesel fuel contains stability additives or antioxidant additives or mixtures thereof, and the fuel composition contains no more than 20 ppm of active detergent additive or active dispersant additive or mixtures thereof.
• the stability additive will generally be employed in a hydrocarbon distillate fuel.
• concentration of additive necessary in order to achieve the desired deposit control varies depending upon the type of fuel employed and other additives employed. Generally, however, from 10 to 200 ppm weight (mg active additive/kg diesel fuel) of the active stability additive (e.g., from 50 to 200, from 50 to 175, from 50 to 150, from 75 to 200, from 75 to 175, from 75 to 150, from 100 to 200, from 100 to 175, or from 100 to 150 ppm weight (mg active additive/kg diesel fuel) of the active stability additive) is needed to achieve the best results.
• ppm weight (mg active additive/kg diesel fuel) of the active stability additive e.g., from 50 to 200, from 50 to 175, from 50 to 150, from 75 to 200, from 75 to 175, from 75 to 150, from 100 to 200, from 100 to 175, or from 100 to 150 ppm weight (mg active additive/kg diesel fuel) of the active stability additive
• diesel fuels other well-known additives can be employed, such as pour point depressants, cold flow improvers, lubricity improvers, cetane number improvers, conductivity improvers and the like.
• the diesel fuels employed with the stability additive of the present invention include finished diesel fuels where levels of sulfur, aromatics, and paraffins range from typical amounts to only trace amounts.
• the diesel fuel has a high concentration of sulfur.
• the sulfur content is from about 0 to about 5000 ppm weight sulfur.
• CEC Coordinating European Council
• One such tool is a DW-10 engine on a test stand (CEC F-98-08). This is a two-liter four-cylinder in-line overhead camshaft turbocharged engine with EGR. This more modern direct injection engine is equipped with a common rail system for fuel delivery. The test procedure was developed to discriminate among fuels that vary in their ability to produce injector deposits in Euro V passenger car direct injection diesel engines. The level of injector deposit formation is indicated by the power loss in a well-defined test cycle and test procedure.
• a second evaluation tool is the XUD-9 engine on a test stand (CEC F-23-01).
• This is an indirect injection system representing the older diesel engines in service. It lacks the modern common rail injection system. It is a four-cylinder 1.9 liter engine fitted with clean fuel injectors at the start of the test. After operating for ten hours with a prescribed cycle, the tendency of the fuel to generate injector deposits is determined by the percent flow loss at a needle lift of 0.10 mm.
• diesel fuel meeting several performance categories and physical and chemical properties including, but not limited to, the specifications in ASTM D975, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils.
• Fuel properties and considerations include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following possible categories: cetane number, lubricity, stability, conductivity, deposit control, cleanliness, low temperature operation, density, and flash point. Many of these and other properties can be controlled by refinery processes, blending options, and/or use of chemical additives, to result in a fuel that is fit for purpose.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

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Citations (18)

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• 2014
  • 2014-08-12 WO PCT/US2014/050763 patent/WO2015026577A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2014-08-12 US US14/457,711 patent/US20150052804A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (19)

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