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US20140170149A1 - Bispecific antibodies against her2 and cd3 - Google Patents

Bispecific antibodies against her2 and cd3 Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140170149A1
US20140170149A1 US14/112,859 US201214112859A US2014170149A1 US 20140170149 A1 US20140170149 A1 US 20140170149A1 US 201214112859 A US201214112859 A US 201214112859A US 2014170149 A1 US2014170149 A1 US 2014170149A1
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region
seq
antibody
sequence
nos
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US14/112,859
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Joost J. Neijssen
Joyce I. Meesters
Bart De Goeij
Aran Frank Labrijn
Paul Parren
Janine Schuurman
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Genmab AS
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Genmab AS
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Priority claimed from PCT/EP2011/056388 external-priority patent/WO2011131746A2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2011/058779 external-priority patent/WO2011147986A1/en
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2011/058772 external-priority patent/WO2011147982A2/en
Application filed by Genmab AS filed Critical Genmab AS
Priority to US14/112,859 priority Critical patent/US20140170149A1/en
Assigned to GENMAB A/S reassignment GENMAB A/S ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MEESTERS, Joyce I., LABRIJN, ARAN FRANK, NEIJSSEN, JOOST J., PARREN, PAUL, SCHUURMAN, JANINE, DE GOEIJ, BART
Publication of US20140170149A1 publication Critical patent/US20140170149A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bispecific antibodies directed to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and cluster determinant 3 (CD3) and to uses of such antibodies, in particular their use in the treatment of cancer.
  • HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
  • CD3 cluster determinant 3
  • HER2 is a 185-kDa cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase and member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family that comprises four distinct receptors: EGFR/ErbB-1, HER2/ErbB-2, HER3/ErbB-3, and HER4/ErbB-4. Both homo- and heterodimers are formed by the four members of the EGFR family, with HER2 being the preferred and most potent dimerization partner for other ErbB receptors (Graus-Porta et al., Embo J 1997; 16:1647-1655; Tao et al., J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3207-3217).
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • HER2 can be activated by overexpression or by heterodimerization with other ErbBs that can be activated by ligand binding (Riese and Stern, Bioessays 1998; 20:41-48). For HER2, no ligand has been identified. HER2 activation leads to receptor phosphorylation, which triggers a cascade of downstream signals through multiple signaling pathways, such as MAPK, phosphoinositol 3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT and PKC, which ultimately results in the regulation of multiple cellular functions, such as growth, survival and differentiation (Huang et al., Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:97-110).
  • HER2 overexpression is reported in approximately 20% of the cases and is correlated with poor prognosis (Reese et al., Stem Cells 1997; 15:1-8; Andrechek et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:3444-3449; and Slamon et al., Science 1987; 235:177-182).
  • HER2 expression has also been associated with other human carcinoma types, including prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck (Garcia de Palazzo et al., Int J Biol Markers 1993; 8:233-239; Ross et al., Oncologist 2003; 8:307-325; Osman et al., J Urol 2005; 174:2174-2177; Kapitanovic et al., Gastroenterology 1997; 112:1103-1113; Turken et al., Neoplasma 2003; 50:257-261; and Oshima et al., Int J Biol Markers 2001; 16:250-254).
  • Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody directed against domain IV of the HER2 protein, thereby blocking ligand-independent HER2 homodimerization, and to a lesser extend heterodimerization of HER2 with other family members in cells with high HER2 overexpression (Cho et al., Nature 2003; 421:756-760 and Wehrman et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:19063-19068).
  • trastuzumab In cells with modest HER2 expressing levels, trastuzumab was found to inhibit the formation of HER2/EGFR heterodimers (Wehrman et al., (2006), supra; Schmitz et al., Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:659-670). Trastuzumab mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and prevents ectodomain shedding, which would otherwise result in the formation of a truncated constitutively active protein in HER2 overexpressing cells. Also inhibition of both in vitro and in vivo proliferation of tumor cells expressing high levels of HER2 has been reported for trastuzumab (reviewed in Nahta and Esteva, Oncogene 2007; 26:3637-3643).
  • ADCC antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  • Herceptin® has been approved both for first-line and adjuvant treatment of HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer, either in combination with chemotherapy, or as a single agent following one or more chemotherapy regimens.
  • Trastuzumab has been found to be effective only in 20-50% of HER2 overexpressing breast tumor patients and many of the initial responders show relapse after a few months (Dinh et al., Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2007; 5:707-717).
  • Pertuzumab (OmnitargTM) is another humanized monoclonal antibody. It is directed against domain II of the HER2 protein, resulting in inhibition of ligand-induced heterodimerization (i.e., HER2 dimerizing with another member of the ErbB family to which a ligand has bound); a mechanism reported to not strictly require high HER2 expression levels (Franklin et al., Cancer Cell 2004; 5:317-328.). Although pertuzumab also mediates ADCC, the main mechanism of action of pertuzumab relies on its dimerization blockade (Hughes et al., Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1885-1892).
  • pertuzumab was found to enhance EGFR internalization and downregulation by inhibiting the formation of EGFR/HER2 heterodimers, which otherwise tethers EGFR at the plasma membrane (Hughes et al., 2009, supra). This correlates with the observation that EGFR homodimers internalize more efficient than EGFR/HER2 dimers (Pedersen et al., Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:275-284.
  • pertuzumab and trastuzumab reportedly results in enhanced anti-tumor effects and efficacy when combined in patients who progressed during prior trastuzumab therapy (Baselga et al., J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:1138-1144), and a phase III trial to evaluate this antibody combination together with Docetaxel in previously untreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer is underway.
  • T-cell for efficient killing of tumor cells.
  • the so-called trifunctional antibodies are bispecific antibodies, targeting with one arm the antigen on the tumor cell and with the other arm for instance CD3 on T cells, and provide Fc receptor binding by the Fc region.
  • T cells, tumor cells and effector cells that bind the antibody Fc domain is formed, leading to killing of the tumor cells (Muller and Kontermann, BioDrugs 2010; 24:89-98.).
  • Ertumaxomab is one such trifunctional antibody against HER2 and CD3, which induces cytotoxicity in cell lines with low HER2 expression and which is in Phase II clinical development in metastatic breast cancer (Jones et al., Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:1179-1187 and Kiewe et al., Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:3085-3091).
  • Blinatumomab (Bargou et al, Science 2008, 321:974-976) is a single chain antibody construct named BITE which induces cytotoxicity by targeting CD19 and CD3.
  • BITE single chain antibody construct
  • Other antibody fragment based T-cell engaging bispecifics have been described (Moore et al. 2011, Blood 117:4542-4551, Baeuerle et el. Current opinion in Molecular Therapeutics 2009, 11:22-30).
  • It is an object of the present invention to provide novel effective bispecific antibodies comprising a first antigen-binding region derived from a HER2 antibody and a second region having a binding specificity for CD3, for medical use.
  • the second region is an antigen-binding region derived from a CD3 antibody, optionally a known CD3 antibody.
  • the novel bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies are capable of dose-dependent killing of HER2-expressing cells in in vitro cytoxicity assays, effectively prevent tumor growth in vivo, and/or have other advantages over monospecific HER2 or CD3 antibodies.
  • the monospecific HER2 antibodies from which the HER2-binding region is derived exhibit HER2 binding characteristics or variable region sequences that differ from HER2 antibodies described in the art.
  • the bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies of the invention are prepared from HER2 antibodies that are fully human or humanized, bind to novel epitopes, and/or have favorable properties for therapeutic use in human patients.
  • Each Fab-arm of the bispecific antibodies may further include an Fc-region, optionally comprising modifications promoting the formation of the bispecific antibody, modifications affecting Fc-mediated effector functions, and/or other features described herein.
  • FIG. 1 Alignment of HER2 HuMab heavy chain variable region (VH) sequences with germline (reference) sequences (A-O). In each VH sequence, the amino acids that differ from those of the germline (reference) at specific positions are highlighted. Consensus VH sequences are shown, where “X” indicates positions at which alternative amino acids (selected from those aligned at each position) are possible. The CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences are underlined in each VH sequence. The consensus CDR sequences are further defined in Table 4.
  • FIG. 2 Alignment of HuMab light chain variable region (VL) sequences with germline (reference) sequences (panels A-H).
  • VL light chain variable region
  • FIG. 2A all VL sequences derived from the same V-segment (IgKV1-12-01), but the closest J-segment differed between antibodies.
  • Consensus VL sequences are shown, where “X” indicates positions at which alternative amino acids (selected from those aligned at the indicated position) are possible.
  • the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences are underlined in each VL sequence.
  • the consensus CDR sequences are further defined in Table 4.
  • FIG. 3 Binding curves of HER2 antibodies to (A, B, E) high (AU565) and (C, D, F) low (A431) HER2 expressing cell lines, determined as described in Example 12. Data shown are mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of one representative experiment for each cell line. The EC 50 values indicate the apparent affinities.
  • FIG. 4 Binding of HER2 antibodies to HER2 expressed on monkey Rhesus epithelial cells. Data shown are mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of one experiment, described in Example 13.
  • FIG. 5 Chromium-release (ADCC) assay of HER2 antibodies, showing PBMC-mediated lysis of 51 Cr-labeled SK-BR-3 cells after incubation with HER2 antibody. Values depicted are the mean maximum percentages 51 Cr-release ⁇ the standard deviation from one representative in vitro ADCC experiment with SK-BR-3 cells. See Example 15 for details.
  • ADCC Chromium-release
  • FIG. 6 Effect of HER2 antibodies on the proliferation of AU565 cells, as compared to untreated cells (set to 100%). Data shown are percentages proliferation of AU565 cells compared to untreated cells measured in three independent experiments ⁇ the standard deviation. * Significant (P ⁇ 0.05). See Example 16 for details.
  • FIG. 7 Percentage of viable MCF7 cells stimulated with Heregulin- ⁇ 1 and treated with the indicated HER2 antibodies, relative to cells stimulated with Heregulin- ⁇ 1 only. As a control, the percentage proliferation of unstimulated cells is shown (none). Data was obtained from three independent experiments ⁇ the stdev. * Significant inhibition of Heregulin- ⁇ 1-induced proliferation (P ⁇ 0.05). See Example 17 for details.
  • FIG. 8 ADC assay, showing killing of AU565 cells (A, B) or A431 cells (C, D) via anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies.
  • A, B Data shown are fluorescence intensities (FI) of one representative experiment with AU565 cells treated with non-conjugated and anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies.
  • C, D Data shown are mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of one representative experiment with A431 cells treated with non-conjugated and anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies. See Example 18 for details.
  • FIG. 10 (A) Dose-dependent simultaneous binding of HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies (HER2 169 ⁇ huCLB-T3/4) to labeled AU565 cells (CFSE-Y-axis) and Jurkat cells (PKH26-X-asis), thereby creating doublets of interconnected cells as shown by the double-positive cells in FACS dot plot (Q2). (B) Representative examples of FACS experiments showing the double positive events in Q2 (dotted line) representing the cells simultanously bound via the bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD antibody.
  • FIG. 11 Dose dependent killing of AU565 cells by bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies.
  • Bispecific antibodies were generated from 4 different CD3 antibodies combined with two different HER2 antibodies (169 and 153) or control antibody IgG1 b12.
  • A huOKT3,
  • B HUM291,
  • C YTH12.5 and
  • D huCLB-T3/4. See Example 21 for details.
  • FIG. 12 Antibody induced downmodulation of HER2. Relative percentage of HER2 expressed in AU565 cell lysate after 3 days incubation with 10 ⁇ g/mL antibody. The amount of HER2 was quantified using a HER2-specific capture ELISA and plotted as a percentage relative to untreated cells. Data shown are mean of three experiments ⁇ standard deviation.
  • FIG. 13 Colocalization analysis of HER2 antibodies (FITC) with lysosomal marker LAMP1 (Cy5). FITC pixel intensity overlapping with Cy5 for various monospecific HER2 antibodies. FITC pixel intensity in LAMP1/Cy5 positive pixels of three different images is plotted for each antibody. Group 3 antibodies 098 and 153 show higher FITC pixel intensities in the LAMP1/Cy5 positive compartments compared to antibodies 025 and pertuzumab from Group 2 and 169 and Herceptin® from Group 1.
  • FIG. 14 HER2 antibody binding to CHO-S cells transfected with different HER2 ECD construct analyzed by means of flow cytometry.
  • Data shown are mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of one representative antibody, TH1014-153. See Example 24 for details.
  • FIG. 17 Non-specific Fc-mediated killing in a cytotoxic assay with PBMCs can be further reduced using antibodies with a modified Fc region (LFLEDANQPS), whereas non-glycosylation via N297Q alone does not completely remove this activity. These mutations do no compromise the specific killing activity of bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody. See Example 27 for details.
  • LFLEDANQPS modified Fc region
  • FIG. 18 Location of HER2 epitope has a strong effect on the efficacy of the HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies as shown by comparison studies of three mAbs combined with the same anti-CD3 antibody (huCLB-T3/4) in cytoxicity assays with either T-cells (A) or PBMCs (B) as effector cells.
  • FIG. 19 T cell cytotoxicity assay using target cell lines with various HER2 expression levels. Shown is the percentage of viable cells after three days incubation with T cells in the presence of HER2 ⁇ CD3 bispecific antibody. The efficacy positively correlated with the expression levels, as the cells with the highest expression were killed at the lowest antibody concentrations.
  • FIG. 20 CD69 expression of T cells co-cultured with AU565 tumor cells in the presence of bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody and monospecific controls.
  • FIG. 21 CD69 expression of T cells in PBMC pool treated with different Fc variants of DuoBody HER2 169 ⁇ huCLBT3/4 in the absence of tumor cells.
  • FIG. 22 Cytokine profile resulting from incubation of PBMCs or T-cells with DuoBody huCLB T3/4-Q ⁇ HER2-169-Q (CD3-Q/169Q) antibodies and HER2 positive tumor cells.
  • FIG. 23 GM-CSF production as a measure for T cell activation by bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies and the contribution of non-specific Fc mediated activation.
  • FIG. 24 Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of HER2 ⁇ CD3 bispecific mAb in a subcutaneous xenograft model with HER2 expressing tumor cell line and human PBMCs.
  • A tumor development (mean & SEM) in mice with NCI-N87 S.C. xenografts and S.C. human PBMCs treated with bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies is shown. Three dosing schedules were being compared, and the lowest dose appeared to be most effective.
  • the percentage surviving mice (with tumor sizes smaller then 500 mm 3 ) is shown in a Kaplan-Meier plot.
  • FIG. 25 Comparison between triple mutant (ITL), double mutants (IT, IL, TL) and single mutant (L) human IgG1-2F8 in the generation of bispecific antibodies by Fab-arm exchange with human IgG4-7D8.
  • a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL or 0-10 ⁇ g/mL was analyzed in the ELISA for the experiments including the double and single mutants, respectively.
  • Combinations with the double mutants IgG1-2F8-IL and -TL result in bispecific EGFR/CD20 binding similar as the triple mutant IgG1-ITL.
  • Combinations with the IgG1-2F8-IT do not result in a bispecific product.
  • Combinations with the single mutant IgG1-2F8-F405L result in bispecific EGFR/CD20 binding.
  • FIG. 26 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-ITL and IgG1-7D8-K409X mutants.
  • the generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-ITL and the indicated IgG1-7D8-K409X mutants was determined by an ELISA.
  • a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL was analyzed.
  • the positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-ITL ⁇ IgG4-7D8-CPPC.
  • B The exchange is presented as bispecific binding at 20 ⁇ g/mL relative to the positive control (black bar).
  • Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8 ⁇ IgG4-2F8), the negative control (IgG1-2F8 ⁇ IgG1-7D8-K409R) and between IgG1-2F8-ITL and IgG4-7D8-CPPC.
  • Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-7D8-K409X mutants and IgG1-2F8-ITL.
  • FIG. 27 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-F405X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • the generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm-exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-F405X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA.
  • a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL was analyzed in the ELISA.
  • the positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-F405L ⁇ IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • FIG. 28 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-Y407X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • the generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm-exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-Y407X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA.
  • a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL was analyzed in the ELISA.
  • the positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-F405L ⁇ IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • FIG. 29 Generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-L368X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA using a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL (A).
  • the positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-F405L ⁇ IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • B Bispecific binding at 20 ⁇ g/mL relative to the positive control (black bar).
  • FIG. 30 Generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-K370X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA using a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL (A).
  • the positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-F405L ⁇ IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • B Bispecific binding at 20 ⁇ g/mL relative to the positive control (black bar).
  • FIG. 31 Generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-D399X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA using a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL (A).
  • B Bispecific binding at 20 ⁇ g/mL antibody concentration relative to the positive control (black bar). Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8 ⁇ IgG4-2F8) and the negative control (IgG1-2F8 ⁇ IgG1-7D8-K409R). Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-2F8-D399X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • FIG. 32 Generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-T366X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA using a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL (A).
  • A concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL
  • B The bispecific binding at 20 fag/mL antibody concentration relative to the positive control (black bar). Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8 ⁇ IgG4-2F8) and the negative control (IgG1-2F8 ⁇ IgG1-7D8-K409R). Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-2F8-T366X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • FIG. 33 Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of HER2 ⁇ CD3 bispecific mAb in a subcutaneous xenograft model with an HER2 expressing tumor cell line and human PBMCs.
  • A tumor development (mean & SEM) in mice with NCI-N87 s.c. xenografts and s.c. human PBMCs treated with bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies is shown. Different dosing schedules were being compared, and 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg appeared to be effective.
  • B the percentage mice with tumor sizes smaller then 500 mm 3 is shown in a Kaplan-Meier plot.
  • HER2 also known as ErbB-2, NEU, HER-2, and CD340
  • HER2 refers to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (SwissProt P04626) and includes any variants, isoforms and species homologs of HER2 which are naturally expressed by cells, including tumor cells, or are expressed on cells transfected with the HER2 gene or cDNA.
  • Species homologs include rhesus monkey HER2 (macaca mulatta; Genbank accession No. GI:109114897).
  • CD3 refers to the human CD3 protein complex, which is composed of six distinct chains (a CD3 ⁇ chain (SwissProt P09693), a CD3 ⁇ chain (SwissProt P04234), two CD3 ⁇ chains (SwissProt P07766), and one CD3 zeta chain homodimer (SwissProt P20963) ( ⁇ ⁇ : ⁇ ⁇ : ⁇ ), and which is associated with the T cell receptor ⁇ and ⁇ chain.
  • the term includes any CD3 variants, isoforms and species homologs which are naturally expressed by cells, including T cells, or are expressed on cells transfected with genes or cDNA encoding the aforementioned chains.
  • immunoglobulin refers to a class of structurally related glycoproteins consisting of two pairs of polypeptide chains, one pair of light (L) low molecular weight chains and one pair of heavy (H) chains, all four inter-connected by disulfide bonds.
  • L light
  • H heavy
  • each heavy chain typically is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as V H or VH) and a heavy chain constant region.
  • the heavy chain constant region typically is comprised of three domains, C H 1, C H 2, and C H 3.
  • Each light chain typically is comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as V L or VL) and a light chain constant region.
  • the light chain constant region typically is comprised of one domain, C L .
  • the V H and V L regions may be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability (or hypervariable regions which may be hypervariable in sequence and/or form of structurally defined loops), also termed complementarity determining regions (CDRs), interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FRs).
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • Each V H and V L is typically composed of three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4 (see also Chothia and Lesk J. Mol. Biol. 196, 901-917 (1987)).
  • CDR sequences herein are identified according to IMGT rules (Brochet X., Nucl Acids Res.
  • the EU index numbering system (Kabat et al, supra)
  • the Kabat numbering of residues may be determined for a given antibody as described in Kabat et al., supra.
  • antibody in the context of the present invention refers to an immunoglobulin molecule, a fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule, or a derivative of either thereof, which has the ability to specifically bind to an antigen under typical physiological conditions with a half life of significant periods of time, such as at least about 30 minutes, at least about 45 minutes, at least about one hour, at least about two hours, at least about four hours, at least about 8 hours, at least about 12 hours, about 24 hours or more, about 48 hours or more, about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more days, etc., or any other relevant functionally-defined period (such as a time sufficient to induce, promote, enhance, and/or modulate a physiological response associated with antibody binding to the antigen and/or time sufficient for the antibody to recruit an effector activity).
  • variable regions of the heavy and light chains of the immunoglobulin molecule contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen.
  • the constant regions of the antibodies (Abs) may mediate the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (such as effector cells) and components of the complement system such as C1q, the first component in the classical pathway of complement activation.
  • a HER2 antibody may also be a multispecific antibody, such as a bispecific antibody, diabody, or similar molecule (see for instance PNAS USA 90(14), 6444-8 (1993) for a description of diabodies). Indeed, bispecific antibodies, diabodies, and the like, provided by the present invention may bind any suitable target in addition to a portion of HER2.
  • antibody herein, unless otherwise stated or clearly contradicted by context, includes fragments of an antibody that are antigen-binding fragments, i.e., retain the ability to specifically bind to the antigen. It has been shown that the antigen-binding function of an antibody may be performed by fragments of a full-length antibody.
  • antigen-binding fragments encompassed within the term “antibody” include (i) a Fab′ or Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the V L , V H , C L and C H 1 domains, or a monovalent antibody as described in WO2007059782 (Genmab); (ii) F(ab′) 2 fragments, bivalent fragments comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting essentially of the V H and C H 1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting essentially of the V L and V H domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., Nature 341, 544-546 (1989)), which consists essentially of a V H domain and also called domain antibodies (Holt et al; Trends Biotechnol.
  • the two domains of the Fv fragment, V L and V H are coded for by separate genes, they may be joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain in which the V L and V H regions pair to form monovalent molecules (known as single chain antibodies or single chain Fv (scFv), see for instance Bird et al., Science 242, 423-426 (1988) and Huston et al., PNAS USA 85, 5879-5883 (1988)).
  • single chain antibodies single chain antibodies or single chain Fv (scFv)
  • antibody also includes polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-like polypeptides, such as chimeric antibodies and humanized antibodies, and antibody fragments retaining the ability to specifically bind to the antigen (antigen-binding fragments) provided by any known technique, such as enzymatic cleavage, peptide synthesis, and recombinant techniques.
  • mAbs monoclonal antibodies
  • antibody-like polypeptides such as chimeric antibodies and humanized antibodies
  • An antibody as generated can possess any isotype.
  • bispecific antibody is in the context of the present invention to be understood as an antibody having two different antigen-binding regions defined by different antibody sequences. This can be understood as different target binding but includes as well binding to different epitopes in one target.
  • bispecific antibody is in the context of the present invention to be understood as an antibody with two different antigen-binding regions (based on sequence information). This can mean different target binding but includes as well binding to different epitopes in one target.
  • Fab-arm or “arm” refers to one heavy chain-light chain pair.
  • Fc region refers to an antibody region comprising at least a hinge region, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain.
  • isotype refers to the immunoglobulin class (for instance IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgD, IgA, IgE, or IgM) that is encoded by heavy chain constant region genes.
  • monovalent antibody means in the context of the present invention that an antibody molecule is capable of binding a single molecule of the antigen, and thus is not able of antigen crosslinking.
  • an “antibody deficient in effector function” or an “effector-function-deficient antibody” refers to an antibody which has a significantly reduced or no ability to activate one or more effector mechanisms, such as complement activation or Fc receptor binding.
  • effector-function deficient antibodies have significantly reduced or no ability to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
  • An example of such an antibody is IgG4.
  • Another example is the introduction of mutations in Fc-region which can strongly reduce the interaction with complement proteins and Fc-receptors. See, for example, Bolt S et al., Eur J Immunol 1993, 23:403-411; Oganesyan, Acta Crys. 2008, D64, 700-704; and Shields et al., JBC 2001, 276: 6591-6604.
  • HER2 antibody or “anti-HER2 antibody” is an antibody as described above, which binds specifically to the antigen HER2.
  • HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody or “anti-HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody” is a multispecific antibody, optionally a bispecific antibody, which comprises two different antigen-binding regions, one of which binds specifically to the antigen HER2 and one of which binds specifically to CD3.
  • human antibody is intended to include antibodies having variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences.
  • the human antibodies of the invention may include amino acid residues not encoded by human germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo).
  • human antibody is not intended to include antibodies in which CDR sequences derived from the germline of another mammalian species, such as a mouse, have been grafted onto human framework sequences.
  • a human antibody is “derived from” a particular germline sequence if the antibody is obtained from a system using human immunoglobulin sequences, for instance by immunizing a transgenic mouse carrying human immunoglobulin genes or by screening a human immunoglobulin gene library, and wherein the selected human antibody is at least 90%, such as at least 95%, for instance at least 96%, such as at least 97%, for instance at least 98%, or such as at least 99% identical in amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequence encoded by the germline immunoglobulin gene.
  • a human antibody derived from a particular human germline sequence will display no more than 20 amino acid differences, e.g. no more than 10 amino acid differences, such as no more than 9, 8, 7, 6 or 5, for instance no more than 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid difference from the amino acid sequence encoded by the germline immunoglobulin gene.
  • heavy chain antibody or “heavy-chain antibody” refers to an antibody which consists only of two heavy chains and lacks the two light chains usually found in antibodies. Heavy chain antibodies, which naturally occur in e.g. camelids, can bind antigens despite their lack of VL domains.
  • the antibody of the invention is isolated.
  • An “isolated antibody,” as used herein, is intended to refer to an antibody which is substantially free of other antibodies having different antigenic specificities (for instance an isolated antibody that specifically binds to HER2 is substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other than HER2).
  • An isolated antibody that specifically binds to an epitope, isoform or variant of HER2 may, however, have cross-reactivity to other related antigens, for instance from other species (such as HER2 species homologs).
  • an isolated antibody may be substantially free of other cellular material and/or chemicals.
  • two or more “isolated” monoclonal antibodies having different antigen-binding specificities are combined in a well-defined composition.
  • the term “competes with” or “cross-competes with” indicates that the two or more antibodies compete for binding to HER2, e.g. compete for HER2 binding in the assay described in Example 14.
  • competition or blocking in the assay of the Examples is only observed when one antibody is coated on the plate and the other is used to compete, and not vice versa.
  • the terms “competes with”, “cross-competes with”, “blocks” or “cross-blocks” when used herein is also intended to cover such pairs of antibodies.
  • epitope means a protein determinant capable of specific binding to an antibody.
  • Epitopes usually consist of surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and usually have specific three dimensional structural characteristics, as well as specific charge characteristics. Conformational and nonconformational epitopes are distinguished in that the binding to the former but not the latter is lost in the presence of denaturing solvents.
  • the epitope may comprise amino acid residues directly involved in the binding and other amino acid residues, which are not directly involved in the binding, such as amino acid residues which are effectively blocked or covered by the specifically antigen binding peptide (in other words, the amino acid residue is within the footprint of the specifically antigen binding peptide).
  • the term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to a preparation of antibody molecules of single molecular composition.
  • a monoclonal antibody composition displays a single binding specificity and affinity for a particular epitope.
  • the term “human monoclonal antibody” refers to antibodies displaying a single binding specificity which have variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences.
  • the human monoclonal antibodies may be generated by a hybridoma which includes a B cell obtained from a transgenic or transchromosomal nonhuman animal, such as a transgenic mouse, having a genome comprising a human heavy chain transgene and a light chain transgene, fused to an immortalized cell.
  • binding in the context of the binding of an antibody to a predetermined antigen or epitope typically is a binding with an affinity corresponding to a K D of about 10 ⁇ 7 M or less, such as about 10 ⁇ 8 M or less, such as about 10 ⁇ 9 M or less, about 10 ⁇ 10 M or less, or about 10 ⁇ 11 M or even less when determined by for instance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology in a BIAcore 3000 instrument using the antigen as the ligand and the antibody as the analyte, and binds to the predetermined antigen with an affinity corresponding to a K D that is at least ten-fold lower, such as at least 100 fold lower, for instance at least 1,000 fold lower, such as at least 10,000 fold lower, for instance at least 100,000 fold lower than its affinity for binding to a non-specific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined antigen or a closely-related antigen.
  • a non-specific antigen e.g., BSA, casein
  • the amount with which the affinity is lower is dependent on the K D of the antibody, so that when the K D of the antibody is very low (that is, the antibody is highly specific), then the amount with which the affinity for the antigen is lower than the affinity for a non-specific antigen may be at least 10,000 fold.
  • k d (sec ⁇ 1 ), as used herein, refers to the dissociation rate constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction. Said value is also referred to as the k off value.
  • k a (M ⁇ 1 ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ), as used herein, refers to the association rate constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction.
  • K D (M), as used herein, refers to the dissociation equilibrium constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction.
  • K A (M ⁇ 1 ), as used herein, refers to the association equilibrium constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction and is obtained by dividing the k a by the k d .
  • heterodimeric interaction between the first and second CH3 regions refers to the interaction between the first CH3 region and the second CH3 region in a first-CH3/second-CH3 heterodimeric protein.
  • homodimeric interactions of the first and second CH3 regions refers to the interaction between a first CH3 region and another first CH3 region in a first-CH3/first-CH3 homodimeric protein and the interaction between a second CH3 region and another second CH3 region in a second-CH3/second-CH3 homodimeric protein.
  • reducing conditions or “reducing environment” refers to a condition or an environment in which a substrate, here a cysteine residue in the hinge region of an antibody, is more likely to become reduced than oxidized.
  • the term “inhibits proliferation” (e.g. referring to cells, such as tumor cells) is intended to include any substantial decrease in the cell proliferation when contacted with a HER2 antibody as compared to the proliferation of the same cells not in contact with a HER2 antibody, e.g., the inhibition of proliferation of a cell culture by at least about 10%, at least about 20% or at least about 30%, or at least as much as a reference antibody such as trastuzumab, e.g., as determined by an assay in the Examples, e.g. Example 16.
  • the term “promotes proliferation” (e.g. referring to cells, such as tumor cells) is intended to include any substantial increase in the cell proliferation when contacted with a HER2 antibody as compared to the proliferation of the same cells not in contact with a HER2 antibody, e.g., the promotion of proliferation of a cell culture by at least about 10%, at least about 20% or at least about 30%, or at least as much as a reference antibody as F5, e.g., as determined by an assay in the Examples.
  • the term “internalization”, when used in the context of a HER2 antibody includes any mechanism by which the antibody is internalized into a HER2-expressing cell from the cell-surface and/or from surrounding medium, e.g., via endocytosis.
  • the internalization of an antibody can be evaluated using a direct assay measuring the amount of internalized antibody (such as, e.g., the fab-CypHer5E assay described in Example 19), or an indirect assay where the effect of an internalized antibody-toxin conjugate is measured (such as, e.g., the anti-kappa-ETA assay of Example 18).
  • the present invention also provides antibodies comprising functional variants of the V L region, V H region, or one or more CDRs of the antibodies of the examples.
  • a functional variant of a V L , V H , or CDR used in the context of a HER2 antibody still allows the antibody to retain at least a substantial proportion (at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or more) of the affinity/avidity and/or the specificity/selectivity of the parent antibody and in some cases such a HER2 antibody may be associated with greater affinity, selectivity and/or specificity than the parent antibody.
  • the percent identity between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences may e.g. be determined using the algorithm of E. Meyers and W. Miller, Comput. Appl. Biosci 4, 11-17 (1988) which has been incorporated into the ALIGN program (version 2.0), using a PAM120 weight residue table, a gap length penalty of 12 and a gap penalty of 4.
  • the percent identity between two amino acid sequences may be determined using the Needleman and Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48, 444-453 (1970) algorithm.
  • Exemplary variants include those which differ from a parent antibody VH and/or VL sequence shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 at one or more “variant” amino acid positions, denoted “X” in the corresponding consensus sequence.
  • Preferred variants are those in which the new amino acid is selected from those at the corresponding position in one of the aligned sequences in FIG. 1 or 2 (for details on CDR sequence variants, see Table 4).
  • the sequence of VH, VL or CDR variants may differ from the sequence of the VH, VL or CDR of the parent antibody sequences mainly by conservative substitutions; for instance at least 10, such as at least 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 of the substitutions in the variant are conservative amino acid residue replacements.
  • conservative substitutions may be defined by substitutions within the classes of amino acids reflected in the following table:
  • Acidic Residues Asp (D) and Glu E) Basic Residues Lys (K), Arg (R), and His (H) Hydrophilic Uncharged Residues Ser (S), Thr (T), Asn (N), and Gln (Q) Aliphatic Uncharged Residues Gly (G), Ala (A), Val (V), Leu (L), and Ile (I) Non-polar Uncharged Residues Cys (C), Met (M), and Pro (P) Aromatic Residues Phe (F), Tyr (Y), and Trp (W)
  • substitution of an amino acid in a given position is written as e.g. K405R which means a substitution of a Lysine in position 405 with an Arginine; and ii) for specific variants the specific three or one letter codes are used, including the codes Xaa and X to indicate any amino acid residue.
  • substitution of Arginine for Lysine in position 405 is designated as: K405R, or the substitution of any amino acid residue for Lysine in position 405 is designated as K405X.
  • deletion of Lysine in position 405 it is indicated by K405*.
  • Recombinant host cell (or simply “host cell”), as used herein, is intended to refer to a cell into which an expression vector has been introduced, e.g. an expression vector encoding an antibody of the invention.
  • Recombinant host cells include, for example, transfectomas, such as CHO cells, HEK293 cells, NS/0 cells, and lymphocytic cells.
  • transgenic non-human animal refers to a non-human animal having a genome comprising one or more human heavy and/or light chain transgenes or transchromosomes (either integrated or non-integrated into the animal's natural genomic DNA) and which is capable of expressing fully human antibodies.
  • a transgenic mouse can have a human light chain transgene and either a human heavy chain transgene or human heavy chain transchromosome, such that the mouse produces human HER2 antibodies when immunized with HER2 antigen and/or cells expressing HER2.
  • the human heavy chain transgene may be integrated into the chromosomal DNA of the mouse, as is the case for transgenic mice, for instance HuMAb® mice, such as HCo7, HCo12, or HCo17 mice, or the human heavy chain transgene may be maintained extrachromosomally, as is the case for transchromosomal KM mice as described in WO02/43478.
  • Similar mice, having a larger human Ab gene repertoire, include HCo7 and HCo20 (see e.g. WO2009097006).
  • transgenic mice are capable of producing multiple isotypes of human monoclonal antibodies to a given antigen (such as IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and/or IgE) by undergoing V-D-J recombination and isotype switching.
  • Transgenic, nonhuman animal can also be used for production of antibodies against a specific antigen by introducing genes encoding such specific antibody, for example by operatively linking the genes to a gene which is expressed in the milk of the animal.
  • Treatment refers to the administration of an effective amount of a therapeutically active compound of the present invention with the purpose of easing, ameliorating, arresting or eradicating (curing) symptoms or disease states.
  • an “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve a desired therapeutic result.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a HER2 antibody may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the HER2 antibody to elicit a desired response in the individual.
  • a therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the antibody or antibody portion are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects.
  • an “anti-idiotypic” antibody is an antibody which recognizes unique determinants generally associated with the antigen-binding site of an antibody.
  • the invention relates to a bispecific antibody comprising two different antigen-binding regions, one which has a binding specificity for HER2 and one which has a binding specificity for CD3.
  • the invention relates to a bispecific molecule comprising a first antigen binding region from a HER2 antibody described herein and a second antigen binding region from a CD3 antibody described herein.
  • the HER2 antigen-binding region is from a HER2 antibody which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody from cross-block group 1, described herein.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody of cross-block group 1, as described herein.
  • the HER2 antigen-binding region is from a HER2 antibody which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody from cross-block group 2, described herein.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody of cross-block group 2, as described herein.
  • the HER2 antigen-binding region is from a HER2 antibody which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody from cross-block group 3, described herein.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody of cross-block group 3, as described herein.
  • the HER2 antigen-binding region is from a HER2 antibody which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody from cross-block group 4, described herein.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody of cross-block group 4, as described herein.
  • the bispecific antibody of any one of the preceding embodiments comprises an antigen-binding region which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference CD3 antibody comprising the VH and VL regions of CD3 antibody YTH12.5, HUM291 (also known as visilizumab), huOKT3-C114S-gLC (related to teplizumab), all known in the art, or comprising the VH and VL regions of CD3 antibody huCLB-T3/4, which represents a humanized variant of CLB-T3/4. Further details on these CD3 antibodies are provided in Example 21.
  • the bispecific antibody of any one of the preceding embodiments comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody selected from YTH12.5, HUM291 huOKT3-C114S-gLC and huCLB-T3/4.
  • the bispecifc antibody of the present invention may comprise a first antigen-binding region and a second antigen-binding region, which first antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and which second antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human CD3.
  • first antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and which second antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human CD3.
  • HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
  • the bispecific antibody of the present invention comprises two different antigen-binding regions which bind HER2 and CD3, respectively. Furthermore, as described below one method of producing a bispecific antibody of the present invention is based on incubating a first HER2 antibody and a second CD3 antibody under reducing conditions.
  • Antigen-binding regions binding to HER2 antibodies of the present invention may belong to any of cross-block groups 1, 2, 3 and 4.
  • antigen-binding regions bind to HER2 belonging to cross-block groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 are given, and reference to “antigen-binding region” in this context is intended to include both an antigen-binding region of a bispecific antibody of the present invention, e.g. a first antigen-binding region, and first HER2 antibody.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region of one or more of the human antibodies of cross-blocks 1, 2, 3, or 4, which blocks the binding to HER2.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which blocks the binding to the same epitope on soluble HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-blocks 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which binds to the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-blocks 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • the bispecific antibody of the present invention may comprise a first antigen-binding region and a second antigen-binding region, which first and second antigen-binding regions bind different epitopes, and wherein the first antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).
  • HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
  • the first antigen-binding region of the bispecific antibody of the present invention may be an antigen-binding region from any of cross-block groups 1, 2, 3, and 4.
  • the bispecific antibody of the invention comprises an antigen-binding region which blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-block group 1 described herein.
  • the antigen-binding region cross-blocks the binding to soluble HER2 of trastuzumab, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 (050).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (084).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • one antigen-binding region binds to HER2 and comprises a VH CDR3, VH region and/or VL region sequence similar or identical to such a sequence of an antibody described herein.
  • the antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region having a sequence selected from the group consisting of
  • SEQ ID NO:11 (050, 049, 051, 055), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV3-21-1 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID No:130 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 (084), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-69-04 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:133 (169, 123, 161, 124), such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 (169), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-18-1 germline sequence; or
  • the antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 123, 161, or 124, as shown in FIG. 1 , optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-18-1 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiments (a) or (b) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:13, XAS (wherein X is A or V), and SEQ ID No:155, respectively, such as a CDR1 sequence selected from SEQ ID Nos: 13 or 20, a CDR2 which is AAS or VAS, and a CDR3 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs:14 and 21 (050, 084); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1-12-01 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:2, 3 and 4, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:6, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively (169).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:9, 10 and 11, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:13, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:14, respectively (050).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:16, 17 and 18, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:20, VAS, and SEQ ID NO:21, respectively (084).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises:
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-block group 2 described herein.
  • the antigen-binding region cross-blocks the binding to soluble HER2 of pertuzumab, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (025).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 (129).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3, VH region and/or VL region sequence similar or identical to a sequence of the novel antibodies described herein.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region having a sequence selected from the group consisting of
  • SEQ ID NO:136 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:25 (025), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV4-34-1 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:139 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 (091), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV4-34-01 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:142 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:38 (129), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV3-30-01 germline sequence.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 001, 143, 019, 021, 027, 032, 035, 036, 054 or 094 as shown in FIG. 1 , optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV4-34-1 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiment (a) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:157, AAS, and SEQ ID No:164, respectively, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID Nos:27, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:28 (025); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1D-16-01 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiment (b) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:33, AX 1 X 2 (wherein X 1 is A or T, preferably A; and X 2 is S or F, preferably S), and SEQ ID No:158, respectively, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID Nos:33, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:34 (091); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1D-16-01 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (c) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:40, DAS and SEQ ID NO:41 (129), respectively, optionally wherein the VL region is derived from IgKV3-11-01.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:23, 24 and 25, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:27, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:28, respectively (025).
  • the bispecific antibody comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:30, 163 and 31, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:33, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:34, respectively (091).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:36, 37 and 38, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:40, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:41, respectively (129).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises:
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-block group 3 described herein.
  • the antigen-binding region cross-blocks the binding to soluble HER2 of F5 and/or C1, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 (127).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 (159).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:56 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:60 (098).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:74 (132).
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3, VH region and/or VL region sequence similar or identical to a sequence of the novel antibodies described herein.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region having a sequence selected from the group consisting of
  • SEQ ID NO:148 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:48 (127), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV5-51-01 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:52 (159), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV5-51-01 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:145 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:59 (098), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV3-23-01 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:154 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:66 (153), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV3-30-03-01 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:151 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:73 (132), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-18-01 germline sequence.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 105, 100, 125 or 162 as shown in FIG. 1 , optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-23-1 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 033, 160, 166, 152 or 167 as shown in FIG. 1 , optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-30-3-01 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiment (a) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:47, AAS and SEQ ID NO:48, respectively (127); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1D-8-01 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiment (b) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:54, AAS, and SEQ ID No:55 (159); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1D-16-01 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (c) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:159, AAS and SEQ ID NO:160, respectively, such as the VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 61, AAS and SEQ ID NO:62 (098), optionally wherein the VL region is derived from IgKV1D-16-01.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (e) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:75, DAS and SEQ ID NO:76 (132), respectively, optionally wherein the VL region is derived from IgKV3-11-01.
  • the bisspecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:43, 44 and 45, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:47, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:48, respectively (127).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:50, 51 and 52, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:54, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:55, respectively (159).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:57, 58 and 59, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:60, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:61, respectively (098).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:64, 65 and 66, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:68, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:69, respectively (153).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:71, 72 and 73, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:75, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:76, respectively (132).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises:
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which binds HER2 but which does not block the binding to soluble HER2 of a second antibody, optionally in immobilized form, comprising the VH and VL sequences of any of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, F5, and C1, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks or cross-blocks the binding to HER2 of one or more of the human antibodies of cross-block group 4.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:165 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:169 (005), preferably wherein the antibody is fully blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:172 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:176 (006), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:179 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:183 (059), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:186 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:190 (060), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:193 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:197 (106), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:200 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:204 (111), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antigen-binding region blocks the binding of two, three, four, five, or six reference antibodies of the preceding embodiment, such as, e.g., antibodies 005 and 111, antibodies 005 and 006; antibodies 059 and 106; antibodies 006 and 059; antibodies 059, 106, 005 and 060; antibodies 006, 59, 060, and 111; or antibodies 059, 106, 005, 060, 111 and 006.
  • two, three, four, five, or six reference antibodies of the preceding embodiment such as, e.g., antibodies 005 and 111, antibodies 005 and 006; antibodies 059 and 106; antibodies 006 and 059; antibodies 059, 106, 005 and 060; antibodies 006, 59, 060, and 111; or antibodies 059, 106, 005, 060, 111 and 006.
  • the antibody when immobilized, competes for binding to soluble HER2 with all antibodies defined in the preceding embodiment for 25% or more, preferably 50% or more, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • the antibody binds the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the novel human antibodies described herein.
  • the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:165 and, optionally, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:169 (005).
  • the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:172 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:176 (006).
  • the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:179 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:183 (059).
  • the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:186 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:190 (060).
  • the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:193 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:197 (106).
  • the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:200 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:204 (111).
  • the antigen-binding region binds to the same epitope as at least one antibody selected from the group consisting of:
  • an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:207 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:208 (041)
  • an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:211 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:212 (067);
  • an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:213 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:214 (072);
  • an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:215 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:216 (163);
  • an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:219 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:220 (044).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3, VH region and/or VL region sequence similar or identical to a sequence of the HER2 antibodies described herein.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of
  • SEQ ID No:223 such as the sequence of SEQ ID No:168, 189, 196 (005, 060, 106), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV5-51-1 germline;
  • SEQ ID NO:229 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:182 (059), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-18-1 germline sequence; or
  • SEQ ID NO:231 such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:203 (111), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-69-4 germline sequence.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 041, 150, 067, 072, 163, or 093, as shown in FIG. 1 , optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV5-51-1 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiments (a), (c) or (d) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:232, GAS, and SEQ ID No:233, respectively, such as a CDR1 sequence selected from SEQ ID Nos: 170, 184, 191, 198 and 205, a CDR2 which is GAS, and a CDR3 sequence selected from 171, 85, 192, 199 and 206 (005, 059, 060, 106, 111); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV3-20-01 germline.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (b) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:177, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:178 (006), respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from IgKV3-11-01.
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:166, 167 and 168, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:170, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:171, respectively (005).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:173, 174 and 175, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:177, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:178, respectively (006).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:180, 181 and 182, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:184, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:185, respectively (059).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:187, 188 and 189, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:191, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:192, respectively (060).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:194, 195 and 196, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:198, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:199, respectively (106).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:201, 202 and 203, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:205, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:206, respectively (111).
  • the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises:
  • the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from a HER2 antibody which binds to the same HER2 epitope as one or more of the novel Group 1, 2, 3 or 4 antibodies described herein, preferably when determined as described in Example 14; and is further characterized by one or more properties determined as described in Examples 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.
  • the first antigen-binding region of the bispecific antibody of the present invention may be same as one of the following HER2 antibodies.
  • the first HER2 antibody of the present invention may have one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the HER2 antibody has a lower EC 50 value (half maximal effective concentration) than trastuzumab in binding to A431 cells, preferably an EC 50 value lower than 0.80 ⁇ g/ml, 0.50 ⁇ g/ml, or 0.30 ⁇ g/ml, when determined as described in Example 12, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of
  • the HER2 antibody or the first antigen-binding region specifically binds HER2-positive Rhesus monkey epithelial cells, when determined as described in Example 13, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of the VH and VL regions of any of antibodies 169, 050, 084, 025, 091, 129, 127, 159, 098, 153 132, 005, 006, 059, 060, 106 and 111.
  • the anti-HER2 antibody or the first antigen-binding region efficiently induces ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity), preferably achieving a specific 51 Cr-release of at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, when determined as described in Example 15, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the anti-HER2 antibody or the first antigen-binding region specifically binds HER2-expressing AU565 cells but promotes ligand-independent proliferation of the cells less than any of F5 and C1 when determined as described in Example 16, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of
  • the anti-HER2 antibody or the/first antigen-binding region specifically binds HER2-expressing AU565 cells and inhibits ligand-independent proliferation of the cells, preferably inhibiting proliferation by at least 20%, more preferably at least 25%, when determined as described in Example 16, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the anti-HER2 antibody specifically binds HER2-expressing AU565 cells but has no significant effect on, or does not promote, ligand-induced proliferation of the cells, preferably inhibiting proliferation by no more than 25%, more preferably by no more than 15%, when determined as described in Example 17, and binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the anti-HER2 antibody specifically binds HER2-expressing MCF-7 cells and inhibits ligand-induced proliferation, e.g. it may completely inhibit the ligand-induced effect or inhibit the total proliferation by 50%, e.g. 60% or 70% or 80%, of the cells when determined as described in Example 17, and binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the first anti-HER2 antibody is internalized by tumor cells expressing HER2, such as AU565 cells, to a higher degree than trastuzumab and pertuzumab, preferably more than twice or three times the amount of internalized trastuzumab, preferably when determined according to Example 18, and binds to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from
  • the antibody binds to Domain II or IV of HER2, preferably wherein the antibody does not significantly promote proliferation of HER2 expressing cells, and is more efficiently internalized, or is internalized to a higher degree, than trastuzumab or pertuzumab into HER2-expressing tumor cells, preferably when determined as described in the Examples, e.g. examples 16 and 19, respectively.
  • the antibody enhanced HER2 downmodulation more than trastuzumab e.g. the antibody enhanced HER2 downmodulation by more 30%, such as more than 40% or more than 50% when determined as described in Example 22, preferably wherein the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody of cross-block group 3 of the present invention, e.g. an antibody binding to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the antibody decreased tumour growth and improved survival in vivo more than trastuzumab, when determined as described in Example 25, preferably wherein the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody of cross-block 1 or cross-block 2 of the present invention, e.g. an antibody binding to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the antibody decreased tumour growth and improved survival in vivo more than trastuzumab, when determined as described in Example 26, preferably wherein the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody of cross-block 2 or cross-block 3 of the present invention, e.g. an antibody binding to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
  • the conjugated antibody kills at least 60%, preferably at least 70% AU565 cells or A431 cells, when determined as described in Example 18, and cross-blocks at least one antibody selected from
  • the antibody of the preceding embodiment fully cross-blocks, preferably bind to the same epitope as, antibody 005, 060, 059, 111, or a combination thereof.
  • the antibody of the preceding embodiment kills at least 80% of A431 cells when determined as described in Example 18, and cross-blocks at least one antibody selected from
  • the antibody of the preceding embodiment fully cross-blocks, preferably bind to the same epitope as, antibody 005, 060, or a combination thereof.
  • the antibody is internalized by tumor cells expressing HER2, such as AU565 cells, more than trastuzumab is, preferably more than twice or three times the amount of internalized trastuzumab, preferably when determined according to Example 19, and cross-blocks at least one antibody selected from the group consisting of:
  • the antibody of the preceding embodiment fully cross-blocks, preferably bind to the same epitope as, antibody 005, 006, 059, 060, 106, 111, or a combination thereof.
  • the antibody is a bispecific antibody, comprising (i) a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody as defined herein, e.g. an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4, and (ii) a second antibody comprising an antigen-binding region of an antibody which binds to CD3.
  • the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NO: 4, 25, 66 or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 (169).
  • the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, such as CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4 (169), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:23, 24 and 25 (025), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65 and 66 (153), or CDR1, CDR2 CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167 and 168 (005).
  • the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4 (169).
  • the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, such as CDR3 sequence an antibody of cross-block 1 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (050), or SEQ ID NO: 18 (084); or a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 2 of SEQ ID NO: 31 (091), or SEQ ID NO: 38 (129), or a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 3 of SEQ ID NO: 45 (127), or SEQ ID NO:52 (159), or SEQ ID NO:59 (098), or SEQ ID NO:73 (132), or a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 4 of SEQ ID NO:175 (006), SEQ ID NO: 182 (059), SEQ ID NO:189 (060), SEQ ID NO:196 (106), or SEQ ID NO:203 (111).
  • the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2 or 3 as defined herein, such as CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4 (169), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:23, 24 and 25 (025), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65 and 66 (153), or CDR1, CDR2 CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167 and 168 (005).
  • the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein.
  • the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, such as CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1 of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10 and 11 (050), or SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17 and 18 (084); or CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 2 of SEQ ID NOs: 30, 163 and 31 (091), or SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37 and 38 (129), or CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 3 SEQ ID NOs: 43, 44 and 45 (127), or SEQ ID NOs:50, 51 and 52 (159), or SEQ ID NOs:57, 58 and 59 (098), or SEQ ID NOs:71, 72 and 73 (132), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • the VH region comprises the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4
  • the VL region comprises the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID: 6, DAS and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively (169).
  • the second antigen-binding region can be derived from a CD3 antibody.
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising the VH CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 244 (huCLB-T3/4).
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising the VL CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 246 (huCLB-T3/4).
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody is an antibody comprising a VH region selected from the group consisting of:
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the VH CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:234 and a VL region comprising the VLCDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:235 (YTH12.5).
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5) and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:235 (YTH12.5).
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the VH CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS:242, 243 and 244, respectively, and, optionally, a VL region comprising the VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS:245, DTS and 246, respectively (huCLB-T3/4).
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 240 (huCLB-T3/4) and, optionally, VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:241 (huCLB-T3/4).
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the VH CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:238 and a VL region comprising the VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC).
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 238 and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC).
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the VH CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:236 and a VL region comprising the VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:237 (HUM291).
  • the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:236 and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:237 (HUM291).
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 244 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 244 (huCLB-T3/4) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 246 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 7, 28, 69, or 171 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 242, 243, and 244 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, and 4 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, and 25 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, and 66 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, and 168 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 242, 243, and 244 (huCLB-T3/4) and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 245, DTS, and 246 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, DAS, and 7 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, 25, 27, AAS, and
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 240 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 63, or 165 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 240 and 241 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5 (169), 22 and 26 (025), 63 and 67 (153), or 165 and 169 (005).
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 235 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 7, 28, 69, or 171 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, and 4 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, and 25 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, and 66 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, and 168 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5) and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 235 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, DAS, and 7 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, 25, 27, AAS, and 28 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, 66, 68, DAS
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 63, or 165 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 234 and 235 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5 (169), 22 and 26 (025), 63 and 67 (153), or 165 and 169 (005).
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 237 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 7, 28, 69, or 171 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, and 4 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, and 25 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, and 66 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, and 168 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291) and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 237 (HUM2915), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, DAS, and 7 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, 25, 27, AAS, and 28 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, 66, 68, DAS
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 63, or 165 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 236 and 237 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5 (169), 22 and 26 (025), 63 and 67 (153), or 165 and 169 (005).
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 7, 28, 69, or 171 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, and 4 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, and 25 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, and 66 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, and 168 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC) and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, DAS, and 7 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, 25, 27, AAS, and 28 (025), S
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 63, or 165 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 238 and 239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5 (169), 22 and 26 (025), 63 and 67 (153), or 165 and 169 (005).
  • the bispecific antibody is a HER2 ⁇ CD3 bispecific antibody induce T cell mediated cytotoxicity of AU565 as described in Example 21, and binds the same epitopes as at least one of the bispecific antibodies selected from the group consisting of huCLB-T3/4 ⁇ HER2-169, huCLB-T3/4 ⁇ HER2 153, and huCLB-T3/4 ⁇ HER2 005 described in Example 21.
  • the first and second antigen-binding regions of the bispecific antibody according to the invention comprise human antibody VH sequences and, optionally, human antibody VL sequences.
  • first and second antigen-binding regions of the bispecific antibody according to the invention are from heavy-chain antibodies.
  • first and second antigen-binding regions of the bispecific antibody according to the invention comprise a first and second light chain.
  • the bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody according to the present invention further comprises a first Fc region and a second Fc region which may be comprised in a first and a second Fab-arm which respectively further comprise the first and second antigen-binding regions described above (or vice versa).
  • the bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody comprises a first and a second Fab-arm comprising a first and a second antigen-binding region, respectively.
  • the first and second antigen-binding region is the HER2 binding domain and the CD3 binding domain, respectively.
  • the bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody further comprises a first and a second Fc region, typically comprising a first and a second heavy chain polypeptide, respectively.
  • the bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody comprises the first Fab-arm comprising the first antigen-binding region and the first Fc region, and the second Fab-arm comprising the second antigen-binding region and the second Fc region.
  • the bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody comprises the second Fab-arm comprising the second antigen-binding region and the first Fc region, and the first Fab-arm comprising the first antigen-binding region and the second Fc region.
  • the first and second Fc-regions may each be of any isotype, including, but not limited to, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4, and may comprise one or more mutations or modifications.
  • each of the first and second Fc regions is of the IgG4 isotype or derived therefrom, optionally with one or more mutations or modifications.
  • each of the first and second Fc regions is of the IgG1 isotype or derived therefrom, optionally with one or more mutations or modifications.
  • one of the Fc regions is of the IgG1 isotype and the other of the IgG4 isotype, or is derived from such respective isotype, optionally with one or more mutations or modifications.
  • one or both Fc-regions are effector-function-deficient.
  • the Fc-region(s) may be of an IgG4 isotype, or a non-IgG4 type, e.g. IgG1, IgG2 or IgG3, which has been mutated such that the ability to mediate effector functions, such as ADCC, has been reduced or even eliminated.
  • Such mutations have e.g. been described in Dall'Acqua W F et al., J Immunol. 177(2):1129-1138 (2006) and Hezareh M, J Virol.; 75(24):12161-12168 (2001).
  • Other exemplary modifications are described in the Examples, e.g., in Example 27.
  • one or both Fc-regions comprise an IgG1 wildtype sequence (SEQ ID NO:247, see Example 21).
  • one or both of the Fc regions comprise a mutation removing the acceptor site for Asn-linked glycosylation or is otherwise manipulated to change the glycosylation properties.
  • an N297Q mutation can be used to remove an Asn-linked glycosylation site.
  • one or both Fc-regions comprise an IgG1 wildtype sequence with an N297Q mutation (SEQ ID NO:250, see Example 21).
  • one or both of the Fc regions are glyco-engineered to reduce fucose and thus enhance ADCC, e.g. by addition of compounds to the culture media during antibody production as described in US2009317869 or as described in van Berkel et al. (2010) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 105:350 or by using FUT8 knockout cells, e.g. as described in Yamane-Ohnuki et al (2004) Biotechnol. Bioeng 87:614.
  • ADCC may alternatively be optimized using the method described by Uma ⁇ umlaut over (n) ⁇ a et al. (1999) Nature Biotech 17:176.
  • one or both of the Fc-regions have been engineered to enhance complement activation, e.g. as described in Natsume et al. (2009) Cancer Sci. 100:2411.
  • the first or second antigen-binding regions or a part thereof are of a species in the family Camelidae, see WO2010001251, or a species of cartilaginous fish, such as the nurse shark.
  • the first and second antigen-binding regions or heavy chains are from heavy-chain antibodies.
  • the first and/or second Fc-region is conjugated to a drug, a prodrug or a toxin or contains an acceptor group for the same.
  • acceptor group may e.g. be an unnatural amino acid.
  • the bispecific antibody of the invention comprises a first Fc-region comprising a first CH3 region, and a second Fc-region comprising a second CH3 region, wherein the sequences of the first and second CH3 regions are different and are such that the heterodimeric interaction between said first and second CH3 regions is stronger than each of the homodimeric interactions of said first and second CH3 regions. More details on these interactions and how they can be achieved are provided in PCT/EP2011/056388, published as WO 2011131746 (Genmab), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • a stable bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 molecule can be obtained at high yield using a particular method on the basis of one homodimeric starting HER2 antibody and one homodimeric starting CD3 antibody containing only a few, fairly conservative, asymmetrical mutations in the CH3 regions.
  • Asymmetrical mutations mean that the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions contain amino acid substitutions at non-identical positions.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409
  • the second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409, and wherein the first and second Fc-regions are not substituted in the same positions.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 366
  • said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • the amino acid at position 366 is selected from Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, or Gln.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 368
  • said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 370
  • said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 399
  • said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 405, 407 and 409.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 405, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 407 and 409.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 407
  • said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, and 409.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 409
  • said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, and 407.
  • the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions contain asymmetrical mutations, i.e. mutations at different positions in the two CH3 regions, e.g. a mutation at position 405 in one of the CH3 regions and a mutation at position 409 in the other CH3 region.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino-acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405 and 407.
  • said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g.
  • said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Phe, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Lys, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, Cys, Lys, or Leu, at position 405.
  • said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g.
  • Gly Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly, e.g. Leu, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Met, Lys, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 405.
  • said first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Phe, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Lys, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, Leu, Met, or Cys, at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly, e.g. Leu, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Met, Lys, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly, e.g.
  • said first Fc-region comprises Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first Fc-region comprises an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first Fc-region comprises an Arg at position 409 and said second HER2 antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first Fc-region comprises a Thr at position 350, a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second HER2 antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first Fc-region comprises a Thr at position 350, a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an Ile at position 350, a Thr at position 370, a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr, e.g. Leu, Met, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, His, Asn, Pro, Trp, or Cys, at position 407.
  • said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g.
  • said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407.
  • said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr, e.g. Leu, Met, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, His, Asn, Pro, Trp, or Cys, at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys
  • said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • an amino acid other than Lys Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys
  • said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr, e.g. Leu, Met, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, His, Asn, Pro, Trp, or Cys, at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409, and the second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409, and the second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409, and the second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu
  • an amino acid other than Phe, Leu and Met e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Lys, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 368, or (ii) a Trp at position 370, or (iii) an amino acid other than Asp, Cys, Pro, Glu or Gln, e.g.
  • the first Fc-region has an Arg, Ala, His or Gly at position 409, and the second homodimeric protein has
  • the first Fc-region has an Arg at position 409
  • the second homodimeric protein has
  • said first and second homodimeric protein may contain further amino-acid substitutions, deletion or insertions relative to wild-type Fc sequences.
  • said first and second Fab-arms (or heavy-chain constant domains) comprising the first and second Fc regions comprise, except for the specified mutations, a sequence independently selected from the following:
  • neither said first nor said second Fc-region comprises a Cys-Pro-Ser-Cys sequence in the (core) hinge region.
  • both said first and said second Fc-region comprise a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence in the (core) hinge region.
  • one or both Fab arms comprise a heavy-chain constant region sequence independently selected from SEQ ID NO: 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, and 255 (see Example 21).
  • the CD3 antibody is an antibody with a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:234 (VH YTH12.5) and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:235 (VL YTH12.5).
  • Another example is a CD3 antibody with a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:240 (VH huCLB-T3/4) and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:241 (VL huCLB-T3/4).
  • the bispecific antibody comprises (i) a first Fab-arm comprising an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:63, and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153), optionally wherein the first Fab-arm comprises an IgG1, ⁇ Fc region having Arg at position 409, or Gln at position 297, or Arg at position 409 and Gln at position 297; and (ii) a second Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:171 and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:172 (YTH12.5), optionally wherein the second Fab-arm comprises an IgG1, ⁇ Fc region having an Gln at position 297, or Leu at position 405, or Gln at position 297 and Leu at position 405.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises (i) a first Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169), optionally wherein the first Fab-arm comprises an IgG1, ⁇ Fc region having Arg at position 409; and (ii) a second Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:171 and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:172 (YTH12.5), optionally wherein the second Fab-arm comprises an IgG1, ⁇ Fc region having an Gln at position 297, or Leu at position 405, or Gln at position 297 and Leu at position 405.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises (i) a first Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:63, and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153), optionally wherein the first Fab-arm comprises an IgG1, ⁇ Fc region having Arg at position 409, or Gln at position 297, or Arg at position 409 and Gln at position 297; and (ii) a second Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:173 and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:174 (huCLB-T3/4), optionally wherein the second Fab-arm comprises an IgG1, ⁇ Fc region having an Gln at position 297, or Leu at position 405, or Gln at position 297 and Leu at position 405.
  • the bispecific antibody comprises (i) a first Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169), optionally wherein the first Fab-arm comprises an IgG1, ⁇ Fc region having Arg at position 409; and (ii) a second Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:173 and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:174 (huCLB-T3/4), optionally wherein the second Fab-arm comprises an IgG1, ⁇ Fc region having an Gln at position 297, or Leu at position 405, or Gln at position 297 and Leu at position 405.
  • the first and/or second Fab-arm may further comprise CH1 and/or CL sequences.
  • the bispecific antibody is selected from the group consisting of: IgG1-HER2-153-K409R ⁇ IgG1-YTH12.5-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-K409R ⁇ IgG1-YTH12.5-N297Q-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-K409R ⁇ IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-K409R ⁇ IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-N297Q-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-N297Q-K409R ⁇ IgG1-YTH12.5-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-N297Q-K409R ⁇ IgG1-YTH12.5-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-N297Q-K409R ⁇ IgG1-YTH12.5-N297Q-F405
  • the bispecific antibody induces dose-dependent killing of AU565, NIH-3T3, A431 and A549 cells when determined as described in Example 29, and binds the same epitopes as the bispecific antibody IgG1-HER2-169 ⁇ IgG1-CLBT3/4.
  • the present invention provides bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies which efficiently promote T cell-mediated killing of HER2-expressing tumor cells.
  • particular antigen-binding regions can be selected from the set of antibodies or antigen-binding regions provided by the present invention or from those antibodies or antigen-binding regions sharing, e.g., an epitope or cross-blocking region with the antibodies or antigen-binding regions provided by the present invention.
  • Many different formats and uses of bispecific antibodies are known in the art, and were recently been reviewed by Chames and Baty (2009) Curr Opin Drug Disc Dev 12: 276.
  • Exemplary bispecific antibody molecules of the invention comprise (i) a single antibody that has two arms comprising different antigen-binding regions, one with a specificity to a HER2 epitope and one with a specificity to CD3, (ii) a single antibody that has one antigen-binding region or arm specific to a HER2 epitope and a second antigen-binding region or arm specific to a CD3 epitope, (iii) a single chain antibody that has a first specificity to a HER2 epitope and a second specificity to a CD3 epitope, e.g., via two scFvs linked in tandem by an extra peptide linker; (iv) a dual-variable-domain antibody (DVD-Ig), where each light chain and heavy chain contains two variable domains in tandem through a short peptide linkage (Wu et al., Generation and Characterization of a Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin (DVD-IgTM) Molecule
  • the bispecific antibody of the present invention is a diabody, a cross-body, or a bispecific antibody obtained via a controlled Fab arm exchange as those described in the present invention.
  • bispecific antibodies examples include but are not limited to
  • IgG-like molecules with complementary CH3 domains molecules include but are not limited to the Triomab/Quadroma (Trion Pharma/Fresenius Biotech), the Knobs-into-Holes (Genentech), CrossMAbs (Roche) and the electrostatically-matched (Amgen), the LUZ-Y (Genentech), the Strand Exchange Engineered Domain body (SEEDbody)(EMD Serono), the Biclonic (Merus) and the DuoBody (Genmab A/S).
  • IgG-like dual targeting molecules include but are not limited to Dual Targeting (DT)-Ig (GSK/Domantis), Two-in-one Antibody (Genentech), Cross-linked Mabs (Karmanos Cancer Center), mAb 2 (F-Star) and CovX-body (CovX/Pfizer).
  • DT Dual Targeting
  • Genentech Two-in-one Antibody
  • Cross-linked Mabs Karmanos Cancer Center
  • mAb 2 F-Star
  • CovX-body CovX/Pfizer
  • IgG fusion molecules include but are not limited to Dual Variable Domain (DVD)-Ig (Abbott), IgG-like Bispecific (InnClone/Eli Lilly), Ts2Ab (MedImmune/AZ) and BsAb (Zymogenetics), HERCULES (Biogen Idec) and TvAb (Roche).
  • DVD Dual Variable Domain
  • IgG-like Bispecific InnClone/Eli Lilly
  • Ts2Ab MedImmune/AZ
  • BsAb Zymogenetics
  • HERCULES Biogen Idec
  • TvAb Roche.
  • Fc fusion molecules include but are not limited to ScFv/Fc Fusions (Academic Institution), SCORPION (Emergent BioSolutions/Trubion, Zymogenetics/BMS), Dual Affinity Retargeting Technology (Fc-DART) (MacroGenics) and Dual(ScFv) 2 -Fab (National Research Center for Antibody Medicine—China).
  • Fab fusion bispecific antibodies include but are not limited to F(ab) 2 (Medarex/AMGEN), Dual-Action or Bis-Fab (Genentech), Dock-and-Lock (DNL) (ImmunoMedics), Bivalent Bispecific (Biotecnol) and Fab-Fv (UCB-Celltech).
  • ScFv-, diabody-based and domain antibodies include but are not limited to Bispecific T Cell Engager (BITE) (Micromet, Tandem Diabody (Tandab) (Affimed), Dual Affinity Retargeting Technology (DART) (MacroGenics), Single-chain Diabody (Academic), TCR-like Antibodies (AIT, ReceptorLogics), Human Serum Albumin ScFv Fusion (Merrimack) and COMBODY (Epigen Biotech), dual targeting nanobodies (Ablynx), dual targeting heavy chain only domain antibodies.
  • BITE Bispecific T Cell Engager
  • Tandab Tandem Diabody
  • DART Dual Affinity Retargeting Technology
  • AIT TCR-like Antibodies
  • AIT ReceptorLogics
  • Human Serum Albumin ScFv Fusion Merrimack
  • COMBODY Epigen Biotech
  • dual targeting nanobodies Ablynx
  • dual targeting heavy chain only domain antibodies dual targeting heavy chain only domain antibodies.
  • bispecific antibodies of the present invention include those described in WO 2008119353 (Genmab), WO 2011131746 (Genmab) and reported by van der Neut-Kolfschoten et al. (Science. 2007 Sep. 14; 317(5844):1554-7).
  • Examples of other platforms useful for preparing bispecific antibodies include but are not limited to BITE (Micromet), DART (MacroGenics), Fcab and Mab e (F-star), Fc-engineered IgG1 (Xencor) or DuoBody (based on Fab arm exchange, Genmab, this application, described below and in, e.g., Example 20).
  • Another strategy to promote formation of heterodimers over homodimers is a “knob-into-hole” strategy in which a protuberance is introduced on a first heavy-chain polypeptide and a corresponding cavity in a second heavy-chain polypeptide, such that the protuberance can be positioned in the cavity at the interface of these two heavy chains so as to promote heterodimer formation and hinder homodimer formation.
  • “Protuberances” are constructed by replacing small amino-acid side-chains from the interface of the first polypeptide with larger side chains.
  • Compensatory “cavities” of identical or similar size to the protuberances are created in the interface of the second polypeptide by replacing large amino-acid side-chains with smaller ones (U.S. Pat. No.
  • EP1870459 Choi
  • WO 2009089004 Amgen
  • EP1870459 Choi
  • WO 2009089004 Amgen
  • one or more residues that make up the CH3-CH3 interface in both CH3 domains are replaced with a charged amino acid such that homodimer formation is electrostatically unfavorable and heterodimerization is electrostatically favorable.
  • WO2007110205 Merck
  • bispecific antibodies Another in vitro method for producing bispecific antibodies has been described in WO 2008119353 (Genmab), wherein a bispecific antibody is formed by “Fab-arm” or “half-molecule” exchange (swapping of a heavy chain and attached light chain) between two monospecific IgG4- or IgG4-like antibodies upon incubation under reducing conditions.
  • the resulting product is a bispecific antibody having two Fab arms which may comprise different sequences.
  • a preferred method for preparing bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies of the present invention includes the method described in WO 2011131746 (Genmab) comprising the following steps:
  • step c) the heavy-chain disulfide bonds in the hinge regions of the parent antibodies are reduced and the resulting cysteines are then able to form inter heavy-chain disulfide bond with cysteine residues of another parent antibody molecule (originally with a different specificity).
  • the reducing conditions in step c) comprise the addition of a reducing agent, e.g.
  • step c) comprises restoring the conditions to become non-reducing or less reducing, for example by removal of a reducing agent, e.g. by desalting.
  • the first and second antibodes are a HER2 and CD3 antibody binding to epitopes of HER2 and CD3, respectively, and/or comprising different antigen-binding sequences of HER2 and CD3, respectively.
  • any of the HER2 and CD3 antibodes described above may be used including first and second HER2 and CD3 antibodies, respectively, comprising a first and/or second Fc regions.
  • first and second Fc regions including combination of such first and second Fc regions may include any of those described above.
  • the first and second HER2 and CD3 antibodies, respectively may be chosen so as to obtain a bispecific antibody as described herein.
  • said first and/or second antibodies are full-length antibodies.
  • the Fc regions of the first and second antibodies may be of any isotype, including, but not limited to, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4.
  • the Fc regions of both said first and said second antibodies are of the IgG1 isotype.
  • one of the Fc regions of said antibodies is of the IgG1 isotype and the other of the IgG4 isotype.
  • the resulting bispecific antibody comprises an Fc region of an IgG1 and an Fc region of IgG4 and may thus have interesting intermediate properties with respect to activation of effector functions.
  • a similar product can be obtained if said first and/or said second antibody comprises a mutation removing the acceptor site for Asn-linked glycosylation or is otherwise manipulated to change the glycosylation properties.
  • one or both of the antibodies is glyco-engineered to reduce fucose and thus enhance ADCC, e.g. by addition of compounds to the culture media during antibody production as described in US2009317869 or as described in van Berkel et al. (2010) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 105:350 or by using FUT8 knockout cells, e.g. as described in Yamane-Ohnuki et al (2004) Biotechnol. Bioeng 87:614.
  • ADCC may alternatively be optimized using the method described by Uma ⁇ umlaut over (n) ⁇ a et al. (1999) Nature Biotech 17:176.
  • one or both of the antibodies have been engineered to enhance complement activation, e.g. as described in Natsume et al. (2009) Cancer Sci. 100:2411.
  • one or both of the antibodies have been engineered to reduce or increase the binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in order to manipulate the serum half-life of the heterodimeric protein.
  • one of the antibody starting proteins has been engineered to not bind Protein A, thus allowing to separate the heterodimeric protein from said homodimeric starting protein by passing the product over a protein A column.
  • the antibody or a part thereof e.g. one or more CDRs
  • the antibody or a part thereof is of a species in the family Camelidae, see WO2010001251, or a species of cartilaginous fish, such as the nurse shark, or is a heavy-chain or domain antibody.
  • the first and/or second HER2 antibody is conjugated to a drug, a prodrug or a toxin or contains an acceptor group for the same.
  • acceptor group may e.g. be an unnatural amino acid.
  • the sequences of the first and second CH3 regions of the homodimeric starting antibodies are different and are such that the heterodimeric interaction between said first and second CH3 regions is stronger than each of the homodimeric interactions of said first and second CH3 regions. More details on these interactions and how they can be achieved are provided in PCT/EP2011/056388, published as WO 2011131746 (Genmab), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • a stable bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 molecule can be obtained at high yield using the above method of the invention on the basis of two homodimeric starting antibodies which bind HER2 and CD3, respectively, and contain only a few, fairly conservative, asymmetrical mutations in the CH3 regions.
  • Asymmetrical mutations mean that the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions contain amino acid substitutions at non-identical positions.
  • the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409
  • the second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409, and wherein the first and second antibodies are not substituted in the same positions.
  • the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 366
  • said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • the amino acid at position 366 is selected from Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, or Gln.
  • the first antibody protein has an amino acid substitution at position 368
  • said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 370
  • said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 399
  • said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 405, 407 and 409.
  • the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 405, and said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 407 and 409.
  • the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 407
  • said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, and 409.
  • the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 409
  • said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, and 407.
  • the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions contain asymmetrical mutations, i.e. mutations at different positions in the two CH3 regions, e.g. a mutation at position 405 in one of the CH3 regions and a mutation at position 409 in the other CH3 region.
  • the first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino-acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405 and 407.
  • said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Phe at position 405.
  • said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405.
  • said first antibody comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody comprises an amino acid other than Phe at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody comprises a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody comprises Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody comprises an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second homodimeric protein comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first homodimeric protein comprises an Arg at position 409 and said second homodimeric protein comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first antibody comprises a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first antibody comprises an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first antibody comprises an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first antibody comprises a Thr at position 350, a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • said first antibody comprises a Thr at position 350, a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second comprises an Ile at position 350, a Thr at position 370, a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407.
  • said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407.
  • said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407.
  • said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • the first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409, and the second antibody has
  • the first homodimeric protein has an Arg, Ala, His or Gly at position 409, and the second homodimeric protein has
  • the first homodimeric protein has an Arg at position 409
  • the second homodimeric protein has
  • said first and second homodimeric protein may contain further amino-acid substitutions, deletion or insertions relative to wild-type Fc sequences.
  • said first and second CH3 regions comprise the sequences of IgG1m(a) (SEQ ID NO:256), IgG1m(f) (SEQ ID NO:257), or IgG1m(ax) (SEQ ID NO:258).
  • neither said first nor said second antibody comprises a Cys-Pro-Ser-Cys sequence in the (core) hinge region.
  • both said first and said second antibody comprise a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence in the (core) hinge region.
  • the bispecific antibodies of the invention may also be obtained by co-expression of constructs encoding the first and second polypeptides in a single cell.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a bispecific antibody, said method comprising the following steps:
  • sequences of said first and second CH3 regions are different and are such that the heterodimeric interaction between said first and second CH3 regions is stronger than each of the homodimeric interactions of said first and second CH3 regions, and
  • said first homodimeric protein has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second homodimeric protein has an amino-acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405 and 407,
  • first and second nucleic acid constructs encode light chain sequences of said first and second antibodies
  • the present invention also relates to a recombinant eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell which produces a bispecific antibody of the present invention.
  • the bispecific antibody is obtained by any of the methods according to the present invention.
  • Suitable expression vectors including promoters, enhancers, etc., and suitable host cells for the production of antibodies are well-known in the art.
  • suitable host cells include yeast, bacterial and mammalian cells, such as CHO or HEK cells.
  • said first CH3 region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second CH3 region has an amino acid other than Phe at position 405.
  • said first CH3 region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second CH3 region has an amino acid other than Phe at position 405, such as other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405; or said first CH3 region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second CH3 region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407.
  • said first and second polypeptides are full-length heavy chains of two antibodies that bind different epitopes (i.e. said first and second nucleic-acid constructs encode full-length heavy chains of two antibodies that bind different epitopes), and thus the heterodimeric protein is a bispecific antibody.
  • This bispecific antibody can be a heavy-chain antibody, or said host cell may further express one or more nucleic-acid constructs encoding a light-chain. If only one light-chain construct is co-expressed with the heavy chain constructs, then a functional bispecific antibody is only formed if the light chain sequence is such that it can form a functional antigen-binding domain with each of the heavy chains. If two or more different light-chain constructs are co-expressed with the heavy chain, multiple products will be formed.
  • the co-expression method according to the invention comprises any of the further features described under the in vitro method above.
  • the invention relates to an expression vector comprising the first and second nucleic-acid constructs specified herein above.
  • the expression vector further comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding the constant region of a light chain, a heavy chain or both light and heavy chains of an antibody, e.g. a human antibody.
  • An expression vector in the context of the present invention may be any suitable vector, including chromosomal, non-chromosomal, and synthetic nucleic acid vectors (a nucleic acid sequence comprising a suitable set of expression control elements).
  • suitable vectors include derivatives of SV40, bacterial plasmids, phage DNA, baculovirus, yeast plasmids, vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, and viral nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) vectors.
  • a HER2 antibody-encoding nucleic acid is comprised in a naked DNA or RNA vector, including, for example, a linear expression element (as described in for instance Sykes and Johnston, Nat Biotech 17, 355-59 (1997)), a compacted nucleic acid vector (as described in for instance U.S. Pat. No.
  • nucleic acid vectors such as pBR322, pUC 19/18, or pUC 118/119, a “midge” minimally-sized nucleic acid vector (as described in for instance Schakowski et al., Mol Ther 3, 793-800 (2001)), or as a precipitated nucleic acid vector construct, such as a CaP04-precipitated construct (as described in for instance WO 00/46147, Benvenisty and Reshef, PNAS USA 83, 9551-55 (1986), Wigler et al., Cell 14, 725 (1978), and Coraro and Pearson, Somatic Cell Genetics 7, 603 (1981)).
  • Such nucleic acid vectors and the usage thereof are well known in the art (see for instance U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,466 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,973,972).
  • the vector is suitable for expression of the HER2 antibody in a bacterial cell.
  • expression vectors such as BlueScript (Stratagene), pIN vectors (Van Heeke & Schuster, J Biol Chem 264, 5503-5509 (1989), pET vectors (Novagen, Madison Wis.) and the like).
  • An expression vector may also or alternatively be a vector suitable for expression in a yeast system. Any vector suitable for expression in a yeast system may be employed. Suitable vectors include, for example, vectors comprising constitutive or inducible promoters such as alpha factor, alcohol oxidase and PGH (reviewed in: F. Ausubel et al., ed. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley InterScience New York (1987), and Grant et al., Methods in Enzymol 153, 516-544 (1987)).
  • constitutive or inducible promoters such as alpha factor, alcohol oxidase and PGH
  • An expression vector may also or alternatively be a vector suitable for expression in mammalian cells, e.g. a vector comprising glutamine synthetase as a selectable marker, such as the vectors described in Bebbington (1992) Biotechnology (NY) 10:169-175.
  • a nucleic acid and/or vector may also comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a secretion/localization sequence, which can target a polypeptide, such as a nascent polypeptide chain, to the periplasmic space or into cell culture media.
  • a secretion/localization sequence which can target a polypeptide, such as a nascent polypeptide chain, to the periplasmic space or into cell culture media.
  • sequences are known in the art, and include secretion leader or signal peptides.
  • the expression vector may comprise or be associated with any suitable promoter, enhancer, and other expression-facilitating elements.
  • suitable promoter, enhancer, and other expression-facilitating elements include strong expression promoters (e. g., human CMV IE promoter/enhancer as well as RSV, SV40, SL3-3, MMTV, and HIV LTR promoters), effective poly (A) termination sequences, an origin of replication for plasmid product in E. coli , an antibiotic resistance gene as selectable marker, and/or a convenient cloning site (e.g., a polylinker).
  • Nucleic acids may also comprise an inducible promoter as opposed to a constitutive promoter such as CMV IE.
  • the HER2 antibody-encoding expression vector may be positioned in and/or delivered to the host cell or host animal via a viral vector.
  • the invention relates to a host cell comprising the first and second nucleic-acid constructs specified herein above.
  • the present invention also relates to a recombinant eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell which produces a bispecific antibody of the present invention, such as a transfectoma.
  • the first HER2 antibody may be expressed in a recombinant eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell, such as a transfectoma,
  • host cells include yeast, bacterial, and mammalian cells, such as CHO or HEK cells.
  • the host cell may comprise a first and second nucleic acid construct stably integrated into the cellular genome.
  • the present invention provides a cell comprising a non-integrated nucleic acid, such as a plasmid, cosmid, phagemid, or linear expression element, which comprises a first and second nucleic acid construct as specified above.
  • the invention relates to a transgenic non-human animal or plant comprising nucleic acids encoding one or two sets of a human heavy chain and a human light chain, wherein the animal or plant produces an bispecific antibody of the invention of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a hybridoma which produces an antibody of the invention as defined herein.
  • the invention relates to a transgenic non-human animal or plant comprising nucleic acids encoding one or two sets of a human heavy chain and a human light chain, wherein the animal or plant produces an bispecific antibody of the invention of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody of the invention, said method comprising the steps of
  • bispecific antibody Preparation of HER2 and CD3 antibodies Depending on the method for production of a bispecific antibody according to the present invention, it may be relevant to first produce bivalent, monospecifc antibodies. This may for example be relevant if the bispecific antibody is produced as described above which methods are based on the mixing of two bivalent monospecific antibodies under reducing conditions.
  • Monoclonal antibodies such as the HER2 antibody, for use in the present invention, for example to provide an antigen-binding region sharing an epitope or cross-blocking region with an antibody of cross-block groups 1, 2, 3 or 4 may be produced, e.g., by the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., Nature 256, 495 (1975), or may be produced by recombinant DNA methods. Monoclonal antibodies may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in, for example, Clackson et al., Nature 352, 624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222, 581-597 (1991). Monoclonal antibodies may be obtained from any suitable source.
  • monoclonal antibodies may be obtained from hybridomas prepared from murine splenic B cells obtained from mice immunized with an antigen of interest, for instance in form of cells expressing the antigen on the surface, or a nucleic acid encoding an antigen of interest.
  • Monoclonal antibodies may also be obtained from hybridomas derived from antibody-expressing cells of immunized humans or non-human mammals such as rats, dogs, primates, etc.
  • the antibody is a human antibody.
  • Human monoclonal antibodies directed against HER2 or CD3 may be generated using transgenic or transchromosomal mice carrying parts of the human immune system rather than the mouse system.
  • transgenic and transchromosomic mice include mice referred to herein as HuMAb® mice and KM mice, respectively, and are collectively referred to herein as “transgenic mice”.
  • the HuMAb® mouse contains a human immunoglobulin gene miniloci that encodes unrearranged human heavy ( ⁇ and ⁇ ) and ⁇ light chain immunoglobulin sequences, together with targeted mutations that inactivate the endogenous ⁇ and ⁇ chain loci (Lonberg, N. et al., Nature 368, 856-859 (1994)). Accordingly, the mice exhibit reduced expression of mouse IgM or K and in response to immunization, the introduced human heavy and light chain transgenes, undergo class switching and somatic mutation to generate high affinity human IgG, ⁇ monoclonal antibodies (Lonberg, N. et al. (1994), supra; reviewed in Lonberg, N.
  • HuMAb mice The preparation of HuMAb mice is described in detail in Taylor, L. et al., Nucleic Acids Research 20, 6287-6295 (1992), Chen, J. et al., International Immunology 5, 647-656 (1993), Tuaillon et al., J. Immunol. 152, 2912-2920 (1994), Taylor, L. et al., International Immunology 6, 579-591 (1994), Fishwild, D.
  • mice have a JKD disruption in their endogenous light chain (kappa) genes (as described in Chen et al., EMBO J. 12, 821-830 (1993)), a CMD disruption in their endogenous heavy chain genes (as described in Example 1 of WO 01/14424), and a KCo5 human kappa light chain transgene (as described in Fishwild et al., Nature Biotechnology 14, 845-851 (1996)). Additionally, the Hco7 mice have a HCo7 human heavy chain transgene (as described in U.S. Pat. No.
  • the HCo12 mice have a HCo12 human heavy chain transgene (as described in Example 2 of WO 01/14424)
  • the HCo17 mice have a HCo17 human heavy chain transgene (as described in Example 2 of WO 01/09187)
  • the HCo20 mice have a HCo20 human heavy chain transgene.
  • the resulting mice express human immunoglobulin heavy and kappa light chain transgenes in a background homozygous for disruption of the endogenous mouse heavy and kappa light chain loci.
  • mice In the KM mouse strain, the endogenous mouse kappa light chain gene has been homozygously disrupted as described in Chen et al., EMBO J. 12, 811-820 (1993) and the endogenous mouse heavy chain gene has been homozygously disrupted as described in Example 1 of WO 01/09187.
  • This mouse strain carries a human kappa light chain transgene, KCo5, as described in Fishwild et al., Nature Biotechnology 14, 845-851 (1996).
  • This mouse strain also carries a human heavy chain transchromosome composed of chromosome 14 fragment hCF (SC20) as described in WO 02/43478.
  • HCo12-Balb/C mice can be generated by crossing HCo12 to KCo5[J/K](Balb) as described in WO/2009/097006.
  • Splenocytes from these transgenic mice may be used to generate hybridomas that secrete human monoclonal antibodies according to well known techniques.
  • HER2 antigen-binding regions may be obtained from human antibodies or antibodies from other species identified through display-type technologies, including, without limitation, phage display, retroviral display, ribosomal display, and other techniques, using techniques well known in the art and the resulting molecules may be subjected to additional maturation, such as affinity maturation, as such techniques are well known in the art (see for instance Hoogenboom et al., J. Mol. Biol.
  • the bispecific antibody of the invention can be of any isotype.
  • the choice of isotype typically will be guided by the desired effector functions, such as ADCC induction.
  • Exemplary isotypes are IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. Either of the human light chain constant regions, kappa or lambda, may be used.
  • the effector function of the antibodies of the present invention may be changed by isotype switching to, e.g., an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgD, IgA, IgE, or IgM antibody for various therapeutic uses.
  • both Fc-regions of an antibody of the present invention are of the IgG1 isotype, for instance an IgG1, ⁇ .
  • the two Fc-regions of a bispecific antibody are of the IgG1 and IgG4 isotypes, respectively.
  • the Fc-region may be modified in the hinge and/or CH3 region as described elsewhere herein.
  • the bispecific antibody of the invention is a full-length antibody, preferably an IgG1 antibody, in particular an IgG1, ⁇ antibody or a variant thereof.
  • the bispecific antibody of the invention comprises an antibody fragment or a single-chain antibody.
  • Antibody fragments may e.g. be obtained by fragmentation using conventional techniques, and the fragments screened for utility in the same manner as described herein for whole antibodies.
  • F(ab′) 2 fragments may be generated by treating an antibody with pepsin. The resulting F(ab′) 2 fragment may be treated to reduce disulfide bridges with a reducing agent, such as dithiothreitol, to produce Fab′ fragments.
  • Fab fragments may be obtained by treating an antibody with papain.
  • a F(ab′) 2 fragment may also be produced by binding Fab′ fragments via a thioether bond or a disulfide bond.
  • Antibody fragments may also be generated by expression of nucleic acids encoding such fragments in recombinant cells (see for instance Evans et al., J. Immunol. Meth. 184, 123-38 (1995)).
  • a chimeric gene encoding a portion of an F(ab′) 2 fragment could include DNA sequences encoding the C H 1 domain and hinge region of the H chain, followed by a translational stop codon to yield such a truncated antibody fragment molecule.
  • Bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies of the invention may also be prepared from single chain antibodies.
  • Single chain antibodies are peptides in which the heavy and light chain Fv regions are connected.
  • the bispecific antibody of the present invention comprises a single-chain Fv (scFv) wherein the heavy and light chains in the Fv of a HER2 antibody of the present invention are joined with a flexible peptide linker (typically of about 10, 12, 15 or more amino acid residues) in a single peptide chain.
  • scFv single-chain Fv
  • a flexible peptide linker typically of about 10, 12, 15 or more amino acid residues
  • a bispecific antibody can then be formed from two V H and V L from a single-chain HER2 antibody and a single-chain CD3 antibody, or a polyvalent antibody formed from more than two V H and V L chains.
  • one or both Fc-regions of the HER2 and CD3 mAbs for producing a bispecific antibody of the invention are effector-function-deficient.
  • the effector-function-deficient antibody is a human stabilized IgG4 antibody, which has been modified to prevent Fab-arm exchange (van der Neut Kolfschoten et al. (2007) Science 317(5844):1554-7).
  • Suitable human stabilized IgG4 antibodies are antibodies, wherein arginine at position 409 in a heavy chain constant region of human IgG4, which is indicated in the EU index described in Kabat et al., is substituted with lysine, threonine, methionine, or leucine, preferably lysine (described in WO2006033386 (Kirin)) and/or wherein the hinge region has been modified to comprise a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence.
  • the stabilized IgG4 antibody is an IgG4 antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein said heavy chain comprises a human IgG4 constant region having a residue selected from the group consisting of: Lys, Ala, Thr, Met and Leu at the position corresponding to 409 and/or a residue selected from the group consisting of: Ala, Val, Gly, Ile and Leu at the position corresponding to 405, and wherein said antibody optionally comprises one or more further substitutions, deletions and/or insertions, but does not comprise a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence in the hinge region.
  • said antibody comprises a Lys or Ala residue at the position corresponding to 409 or the CH3 region of the antibody has been replaced by the CH3 region of human IgG1, of human IgG2 or of human IgG3.
  • WO2008145142 (Genmab)
  • WO 211131746 (Genmab).
  • the stabilized IgG4 antibody is an IgG4 antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein said heavy chain comprises a human IgG4 constant region having a residue selected from the group consisting of: Lys, Ala, Thr, Met and Leu at the position corresponding to 409 and/or a residue selected from the group consisting of: Ala, Val, Gly, Ile and Leu at the position corresponding to 405, and wherein said antibody optionally comprises one or more further substitutions, deletions and/or insertions and wherein said antibody comprises a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence in the hinge region.
  • said antibody comprises a Lys or Ala residue at the position corresponding to 409 or the CH3 region of the antibody has been replaced by the CH3 region of human IgG1, of human IgG2 or of human IgG3.
  • the effector-function-deficient antibody is an antibody of a non-IgG4 type, e.g. IgG1, IgG2 or IgG3 which has been mutated such that the ability to mediate effector functions, such as ADCC, has been reduced or even eliminated.
  • a non-IgG4 type e.g. IgG1, IgG2 or IgG3 which has been mutated such that the ability to mediate effector functions, such as ADCC, has been reduced or even eliminated.
  • Such mutations have e.g. been described in Dall'Acqua W F et al., J Immunol. 177(2):1129-1138 (2006) and Hezareh M, J Virol.; 75(24):12161-12168 (2001).
  • the present invention provides a bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody linked or conjugated to one or more therapeutic moieties, such as a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic drug, a cytokine, an immunosuppressant, and/or a radioisotope.
  • therapeutic moieties such as a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic drug, a cytokine, an immunosuppressant, and/or a radioisotope.
  • conjugates are referred to herein as “immunoconjugates” or “drug conjugates”.
  • Immunoconjugates which include one or more cytotoxins are referred to as “immunotoxins”.
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising:
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain one bispecific antibody of the present invention or a combination of different bispecific antibodies of the present invention.
  • compositions may be formulated in accordance with conventional techniques such as those disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1995.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may e.g. include diluents, fillers, salts, buffers, detergents (e. g., a nonionic detergent, such as Tween-20 or Tween-80), stabilizers (e. g., sugars or protein-free amino acids), preservatives, tissue fixatives, solubilizers, and/or other materials suitable for inclusion in a pharmaceutical composition.
  • detergents e. g., a nonionic detergent, such as Tween-20 or Tween-80
  • stabilizers e. g., sugars or protein-free amino acids
  • preservatives e. g., tissue fixatives, solubilizers, and/or other materials suitable for inclusion in a pharmaceutical composition.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include any and all suitable solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonicity agents, antioxidants and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible with a bispecific antibody of the present invention.
  • suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers which may be employed in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include water, saline, phosphate buffered saline, ethanol, dextrose, polyols (such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils, carboxymethyl cellulose colloidal solutions, tragacanth gum and injectable organic esters, such as ethyl oleate, and/or various buffers.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion.
  • Proper fluidity may be maintained, for example, by the use of coating materials, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of surfactants.
  • compositions of the present invention may also comprise pharmaceutically acceptable antioxidants for instance (1) water soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite and the like; (2) oil-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, lecithin, propyl gallate, alpha-tocopherol, and the like; and (3) metal chelating agents, such as citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sorbitol, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.
  • water soluble antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite and the like
  • oil-soluble antioxidants such as ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, lec
  • compositions may also comprise isotonicity agents, such as sugars, polyalcohols, such as mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol or sodium chloride in the compositions.
  • isotonicity agents such as sugars, polyalcohols, such as mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol or sodium chloride in the compositions.
  • the pharmaceutical bispecific antibodies of the present invention may also contain one or more adjuvants appropriate for the chosen route of administration such as preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, dispersing agents, preservatives or buffers, which may enhance the shelf life or effectiveness of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • adjuvants appropriate for the chosen route of administration such as preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, dispersing agents, preservatives or buffers, which may enhance the shelf life or effectiveness of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the bispecific antibodies of the present invention may be prepared with carriers that will protect the bispecific antibody against rapid release, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery systems.
  • Such carriers may include gelatin, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate, biodegradable, biocompatible polymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid alone or with a wax, or other materials well known in the art. Methods for the preparation of such formulations are generally known to those skilled in the art.
  • Sterile injectable solutions may be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients e.g. as enumerated above, as required, followed by sterilization microfiltration.
  • dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients e.g. from those enumerated above.
  • examples of methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze-drying (lyophilization) that yield a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
  • the actual dosage levels of the active ingredients in the pharmaceutical compositions may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active ingredient which is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular patient, composition, and mode of administration, without being toxic to the patient.
  • the selected dosage level will depend upon a variety of pharmacokinetic factors including the activity of the particular compositions of the present invention employed, or the amide thereof, the route of administration, the time of administration, the rate of excretion of the particular compound being employed, the duration of the treatment, other drugs, compounds and/or materials used in combination with the particular compositions employed, the age, sex, weight, condition, general health and prior medical history of the patient being treated, and like factors well known in the medical arts.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be administered by any suitable route and mode.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered parenterally.
  • “Administered parenterally” as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration, usually by injection, and include epidermal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, intratendinous, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticular, subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal, intracranial, intrathoracic, epidural and intrasternal injection and infusion.
  • composition is administered by intravenous or subcutaneous injection or infusion.
  • the invention relates to a bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody of the invention for use as a medicament.
  • the bispecific antibodies of the invention may be used for a number of purposes.
  • the antibodies of the invention may be used for the treatment of various forms of cancer, including metastatic cancer and refractory cancer.
  • the bispecific antibodies of the invention are used for the treatment of breast cancer, including primary, metastatic, and refractory breast cancer.
  • the bispecific antibodies of the invention are used for the treatment of a form of cancer selected from the group consisting of prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, testis cancer, malignant melanoma and a soft-tissue cancer (e.g. synovial sarcoma).
  • a form of cancer selected from the group consisting of prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, testis cancer, malignant melanoma and a soft-tissue cancer (e.g. synovial sarcoma).
  • the invention relates to a method for killing a tumor cell expressing HER2, comprising administration, to an individual in need thereof, of an effective amount of an antibody of the invention, such as an antibody drug-conjugate (ADC).
  • ADC antibody drug-conjugate
  • the present invention also relates to a method for inhibiting growth and/or proliferation of one or more tumor cells expressing HER2, comprising administration, to an indicidual in need thereof, of a bispecific antibody of the present invention.
  • the present invention alto relates to a method for treating cancer, comprising
  • said tumor cell is involved in a form of cancer selected from the group consisting of: breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, testis cancer, malignant melanoma, and a soft-tissue cancer (e.g., synovial sarcoma).
  • a form of cancer selected from the group consisting of: breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, testis cancer, malignant melanoma, and a soft-tissue cancer (e.g., synovial sarcoma).
  • the tumor cell is one that co-expresses HER2, and is a tumor cell involved in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial/cervical cancer, lung cancer, malignant melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, testis cancer, a soft-tissue tumor (e.g., synovial sarcoma), or bladder cancer.
  • HER2 co-expresses HER2
  • the invention relates to a method for treating cancer in a subject, comprising selecting a subject suffering from a cancer comprising tumor cells expressing HER2, and administering to the subject a bispecific antibody of the invention.
  • the subject suffers from a cancer selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial/cervical cancer, lung cancer, malignant melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, testis cancer, a soft-tissue tumor (e.g., synovial sarcoma), or bladder cancer.
  • the invention relates to the use of a bispecific antibody that binds to human HER2 and human CD3 for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, such as one of the specific cancer indications mentioned above.
  • the invention further relates to a bispecific antibody for use in the treatment of cancer, such as one of the cancer indications mentioned above.
  • the efficacy of the treatment is being monitored during the therapy, e.g. at predefined points in time, by determining tumor burden or HER2 expression levels on the relevant tumor cells.
  • Dosage regimens in the above methods of treatment and uses are adjusted to provide the optimum desired response (e.g., a therapeutic response). For example, a single bolus may be administered, several divided doses may be administered over time or the dose may be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. Parenteral compositions may be formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage.
  • the efficient dosages and the dosage regimens for the bispecific antibodies depend on the disease or condition to be treated and may be determined by the persons skilled in the art.
  • An exemplary, non-limiting range for a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention is about 0.001-10 mg/kg, such as about 0.001-5 mg/kg, for example about 0.001-2 mg/kg, such as about 0.001-1 mg/kg, for instance about 0.001, about 0.01, about 0.1, about 1 or about 10 mg/kg.
  • a physician or veterinarian having ordinary skill in the art may readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition required.
  • the physician or veterinarian could start doses of the bispecific antibody employed in the pharmaceutical composition at levels lower than that required in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved.
  • a suitable daily dose of a bispecific antibody of the present invention will be that amount of the compound which is the lowest dose effective to produce a therapeutic effect.
  • Administration may e.g. be parenteral, such as intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous.
  • the bispecific antibodies may be administered by infusion in a weekly dosage of calculated by mg/m 2 .
  • Such dosages can, for example, be based on the mg/kg dosages provided above according to the following: dose (mg/kg) ⁇ 70: 1.8.
  • Such administration may be repeated, e.g., 1 to 8 times, such as 3 to 5 times.
  • the administration may be performed by continuous infusion over a period of from 2 to 24 hours, such as of from 2 to 12 hours.
  • the bispecific antibodies may be administered by slow continuous infusion over a long period, such as more than 24 hours, in order to reduce toxic side effects.
  • the bispecific antibodies may be administered in a weekly dosage of calculated as a fixed dose for up to 8 times, such as from 4 to 6 times when given once a week. Such regimen may be repeated one or more times as necessary, for example, after 6 months or 12 months.
  • Such fixed dosages can, for example, be based on the mg/kg dosages provided above, with a body weight estimate of 70 kg.
  • the dosage may be determined or adjusted by measuring the amount of bispecific antibody of the present invention in the blood upon administration by for instance taking out a biological sample and using anti-idiotypic antibodies which target the HER2 antigen binding region of the bispecific antibodies of the present invention.
  • the bispecific antibodies may be administered by maintenance therapy, such as, e.g., once a week for a period of 6 months or more.
  • a bispecific antibody may also be administered prophylactically in order to reduce the risk of developing cancer, delay the onset of the occurrence of an event in cancer progression, and/or reduce the risk of recurrence when a cancer is in remission.
  • the bispecific antibodies of the invention may also be administered in combination therapy, i.e., combined with other therapeutic agents relevant for the disease or condition to be treated. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the antibody-containing medicament is for combination with one or more further therapeutic agent, such as a cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-angiogenic agent.
  • a further therapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-angiogenic agent.
  • Such combined administration may be simultaneous, separate or sequential.
  • the agents may be administered as one composition or as separate compositions, as appropriate.
  • the present invention thus also provides methods for treating a disorder involving cells expressing HER2 as described above, which methods comprise administration of a bispecific antibody of the present invention combined with one or more additional therapeutic agents as described below.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating a disorder involving cells expressing HER2 in a subject, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody of the present invention, and optionally at least one additional therapeutic agent, or an antibody binding to a different HER2 epitope than said antibody, to a subject in need thereof.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing cancer, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody of the present invention and at least one additional therapeutic agent to a subject in need thereof.
  • such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from an antimetabolite, such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, fludarabine, 5-fluorouracil, decarbazine, hydroxyurea, asparaginase, gemcitabine or cladribine.
  • an antimetabolite such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, fludarabine, 5-fluorouracil, decarbazine, hydroxyurea, asparaginase, gemcitabine or cladribine.
  • such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from an alkylating agent, such as mechlorethamine, thioepa, chlorambucil, melphalan, carmustine (BSNU), lomustine (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, busulfan, dibromomannitol, streptozotocin, dacarbazine (DTIC), procarbazine, mitomycin C, cisplatin and other platinum derivatives, such as carboplatin.
  • an alkylating agent such as mechlorethamine, thioepa, chlorambucil, melphalan, carmustine (BSNU), lomustine (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, busulfan, dibromomannitol, streptozotocin, dacarbazine (DTIC), procarbazine, mitomycin C, cisplatin and other platinum derivatives, such as carboplatin.
  • such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from an anti-mitotic agent, such as taxanes, for instance docetaxel, and paclitaxel, and vinca alkaloids, for instance vindesine, vincristine, vinblastine, and vinorelbine.
  • an anti-mitotic agent such as taxanes, for instance docetaxel, and paclitaxel
  • vinca alkaloids for instance vindesine, vincristine, vinblastine, and vinorelbine.
  • such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from a topoisomerase inhibitor, such as topotecan or irinotecan, or a cytostatic drug, such as etoposide and teniposide.
  • a topoisomerase inhibitor such as topotecan or irinotecan
  • a cytostatic drug such as etoposide and teniposide.
  • such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from a growth factor inhibitor, such as an inhibitor of ErbB1 (EGFR) (such as an EGFR antibody, e.g. zalutumumab, cetuximab, panitumumab or nimotuzumab or other EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib or erlotinib), another inhibitor of ErbB2 (HER2/neu) (such as a HER2 antibody, e.g. trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1 or pertuzumab) or an inhibitor of both EGFR and HER2, such as lapatinib).
  • EGFR ErbB1
  • HER2/neu another inhibitor of ErbB2
  • HER2 antibody e.g. trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1 or pertuzumab
  • an inhibitor of both EGFR and HER2 such as lapatinib
  • such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, such as imatinib (Glivec, Gleevec STI571) or lapatinib, PTK787/ZK222584.
  • a tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as imatinib (Glivec, Gleevec STI571) or lapatinib, PTK787/ZK222584.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating a disorder involving cells expressing HER2 in a subject, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody of the present invention and at least one inhibitor of angiogenesis, neovascularization, and/or other vascularization to a subject in need thereof
  • angiogenesis inhibitors examples include urokinase inhibitors, matrix metalloprotease inhibitors (such as marimastat, neovastat, BAY 12-9566, AG 3340, BMS-275291 and similar agents), inhibitors of endothelial cell migration and proliferation (such as TNP-470, squalamine, 2-methoxyestradiol, combretastatins, endostatin, angiostatin, penicillamine, SCH66336 (Schering-Plough Corp, Madison, N.J.), R115777 (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc, Titusville, N.J.) and similar agents), antagonists of angiogenic growth factors (such as such as ZD6474, SU6668, antibodies against angiogenic agents and/or their receptors (such as VEGF (e.g.
  • thalidomide such as CC-5013
  • Sugen 5416 such as SU5402
  • antiangiogenic ribozyme such as angiozyme
  • interferon ⁇ such as interferon ⁇ 2a
  • suramin and similar agents antiangiogenic ribozyme
  • VEGF-R kinase inhibitors and other anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (such as SU011248)
  • inhibitors of endothelial-specific integrin/survival signaling such as vitaxin and similar agents
  • copper antagonists/chelators such as tetrathiomolybdate, captopril and similar agents
  • carboxyamido-triazole CAI
  • ABT-627 CM101
  • IM862, PNU145156E as well as nucleotide molecules inhibiting angiogenesis (such as antisense-VEGF-
  • inhibitors of angiogenesis, neovascularization, and/or other vascularization are anti-angiogenic heparin derivatives (e.g., heperinase III), temozolomide, NK4, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, anti-angiogenic soy isoflavones, oltipraz, fumagillin and analogs thereof, somatostatin analogues, pentosan polysulfate, tecogalan sodium, dalteparin, tumstatin, thrombospondin, NM-3, combrestatin, canstatin, avastatin, antibodies against other targets, such as anti-alpha-v/beta-3 integrin and anti-kininostatin antibodies.
  • heparin derivatives e.g., heperinase III
  • temozolomide e.g., temozolomide,
  • a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be an anti-cancer immunogen, such as a cancer antigen/tumor-associated antigen (e.g., epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM/TACSTD1), mucin 1 (MUC1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), gp100, Melan-A, MART-1, KDR, RCAS1, MDA7, cancer-associated viral vaccines (e.g., human papillomavirus vaccines) or tumor-derived heat shock proteins,
  • a cancer antigen/tumor-associated antigen e.g., epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM/TACSTD1), mucin 1 (MUC1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), gp100, Melan-A, MART-1, KDR, RCAS1,
  • a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be an anti-cancer cytokine, chemokine, or combination thereof.
  • suitable cytokines and growth factors include IFN ⁇ , IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-18, IL-23, IL-24, IL-27, IL-28a, IL-28b, IL-29, KGF, IFN ⁇ (e.g., INF ⁇ 2b), IFN ⁇ , GM-CSF, CD40L, Flt3 ligand, stem cell factor, ancestim, and TNF ⁇ .
  • Suitable chemokines may include Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR)-negative chemokines such as IP-10, MCP-3, MIG, and SDF-1a from the human CXC and C-C chemokine families.
  • Suitable cytokines include cytokine derivatives, cytokine variants, cytokine fragments, and cytokine fusion proteins.
  • a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be a cell cycle control/apoptosis regulator (or “regulating agent”).
  • a cell cycle control/apoptosis regulator may include molecules that target and modulate cell cycle control/apoptosis regulators such as (i) cdc-25 (such as NSC 663284), (ii) cyclin-dependent kinases that overstimulate the cell cycle (such as flavopiridol (L868275, HMR1275), 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01, KW-2401), and roscovitine (R-roscovitine, CYC202)), and (iii) telomerase modulators (such as BIBR1532, SOT-095, GRN163 and compositions described in for instance U.S.
  • Non-limiting examples of molecules that interfere with apoptotic pathways include TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/apoptosis-2 ligand (Apo-2L), antibodies that activate TRAIL receptors, IFNs, and anti-sense Bcl-2.
  • TRAIL TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
  • Apo-2L apoptosis-2 ligand
  • antibodies that activate TRAIL receptors IFNs
  • anti-sense Bcl-2 anti-sense Bcl-2.
  • a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be a hormonal regulating agent, such as agents useful for anti-androgen and anti-estrogen therapy.
  • hormonal regulating agents are tamoxifen, idoxifene, fulvestrant, droloxifene, toremifene, raloxifene, diethylstilbestrol, ethinyl estradiol/estinyl, an antiandrogene (such as flutaminde/eulexin), a progestin (such as such as hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxy-progesterone/provera, megestrol acepate/megace), an adrenocorticosteroid (such as hydrocortisone, prednisone), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (and analogs thereof and other LHRH agonists such as buserelin and goserelin), an aroma
  • a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be an anti-anergic agent, such asmolecules that block the activity of CTLA-4, e.g. ipilimumab.
  • a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be an anti-cancer nucleic acid or an anti-cancer inhibitory RNA molecule.
  • differentiation inducing agents such as all trans retinoic acid, 13-cis retinoic acid and similar agents
  • vitamin D analogues such as seocalcitol and similar agents
  • anti-cancer agents which may be relevant as therapeutic agents for use in combination with a bispecific antibody according to the invention for treating the disorders as described above are estramustine and epirubicin.
  • anti-cancer agents which may be relevant as therapeutic agents for use in combination with a bispecific antibody according to the invention for treating the disorders as described above are a HSP90 inhibitor like 17-allyl amino geld-anamycin, antibodies directed against a tumor antigen such as PSA, CA125, KSA, integrins, e.g. integrin ⁇ 1, or inhibitors of VCAM.
  • anti-cancer agents which may be relevant as therapeutic agents for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above are calcineurin-inhibitors (such as valspodar, PSC 833 and other MDR-1 or p-glycoprotein inhibitors), TOR-inhibitors (such as sirolimus, everolimus and rapamcyin), and inhibitors of “lymphocyte homing” mechanisms (such as FTY720), and agents with effects on cell signaling such as adhesion molecule inhibitors (for instance anti-LFA).
  • calcineurin-inhibitors such as valspodar, PSC 833 and other MDR-1 or p-glycoprotein inhibitors
  • TOR-inhibitors such as sirolimus, everolimus and rapamcyin
  • inhibitors of “lymphocyte homing” mechanisms such as FTY720
  • agents with effects on cell signaling such as adhesion molecule inhibitors (for instance anti-LFA).
  • the bispecific antibody of the invention is for use in combination with one or more other therapeutic antibodies, such as ofatumumab, zanolimumab, daratumumab, ranibizumab, nimotuzumab, panitumumab, hu806, daclizumab (Zenapax), basiliximab (Simulect), infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), natalizumab (Tysabri), omalizumab (Xolair), efalizumab (Raptiva) and/or rituximab.
  • other therapeutic antibodies such as ofatumumab, zanolimumab, daratumumab, ranibizumab, nimotuzumab, panitumumab, hu806, daclizumab (Zenapax), basiliximab (Simulect), infliximab (Remica
  • two or more different antibodies of the invention as described herein are used in combination for the treatment of disease.
  • Particularly interesting combinations include two or more non-blocking antibodies.
  • Such combination therapy may lead to binding of an increased number of antibody molecules per cell, which may give increase efficacy, e.g. via activation of complement-mediated lysis.
  • combination therapies of the invention include the following:
  • a bispecific antibody or a therapeutic conjugate thereof in combination with methotrexate, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, ixabepilone, mutamycin, mitoxantrone, vinorelbine, docetaxel, thiotepa, vincristine, capecitabine, an EGFR antibody (e.g.
  • HER2 antibody or -conjugate such as, e.g., trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1 or pertuzumab
  • an inhibitor of both EGFR and HER2 such as lapatinib
  • HER3 inhibitor such as trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1 or pertuzumab
  • a bispecific antibody of the invention in combination with EGFR inhibitors, such as an EGFR antibody, e.g. zalutumumab, cetuximab, panitumumab or nimotuzumab or other EGFR inhibitors (such as gefitinib or erlotinib), or in combination with an another HER2 agent (such as a HER2 antibody, e.g. trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1 or pertuzumab) or in combination with an inhibitor of both EGFR and HER2, such as lapatinib, or in combination with a HER3 inhibitor.
  • an EGFR antibody e.g. zalutumumab, cetuximab, panitumumab or nimotuzumab or other EGFR inhibitors (such as gefitinib or erlotinib)
  • an another HER2 agent such as a HER2 antibody, e.g
  • a bispecific antibody of the invention in combination with one or more compounds selected from: gemcitabine, bevacizumab, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, XELOX, IFL, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-FU/LV, Capecitabine, UFT, EGFR targeting agents, such as cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab; VEGF inhibitors, or tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sunitinib.
  • a bispecific antibody in combination with one or more compounds selected from: hormonal/antihormonal therapies; such as antiandrogens, Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, and chemotherapeutics such as taxanes, mitoxantrone, estramustine, 5FU, vinblastine, and ixabepilone.
  • hormonal/antihormonal therapies such as antiandrogens, Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, and chemotherapeutics such as taxanes, mitoxantrone, estramustine, 5FU, vinblastine, and ixabepilone.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating a disorder involving cells expressing HER2 in a subject, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody, such as a HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody of the present invention, and radiotherapy to a subject in need thereof.
  • a bispecific antibody such as a HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody of the present invention
  • the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing cancer, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody, such as a HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody of the present invention, and radiotherapy to a subject in need thereof.
  • a bispecific antibody such as a HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody of the present invention
  • the present invention provides the use of a bispecific antibody of the present invention, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer to be administered in combination with radiotherapy.
  • Radiotherapy may comprise radiation or associated administration of radiopharmaceuticals to a patient is provided.
  • the source of radiation may be either external or internal to the patient being treated (radiation treatment may, for example, be in the form of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BT)).
  • Radioactive elements that may be used in practicing such methods include, e.g., radium, cesium-137, iridium-192, americium-241, gold-198, cobalt-57, copper-67, technetium-99, iodide-123, iodide-131, and indium-111.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing cancer, which method comprises administration to a subject in need thereof of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody of the present invention, in combination with surgery.
  • the invention may also be used for diagnostic purposes.
  • the invention relates to a diagnostic composition comprising a bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody as defined herein, and to its use.
  • the present invention provides a kit for diagnosis of cancer comprising a container comprising a bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody, and one or more reagents for detecting binding of the antibody to HER2.
  • Reagents may include, for example, fluorescent tags, enzymatic tags, or other detectable tags.
  • the reagents may also include secondary or tertiary antibodies or reagents for enzymatic reactions, wherein the enzymatic reactions produce a product that may be visualized.
  • HER2 full length HER2 (1255 aa, Swissprot P04626), the extracellular domain (ECD) of HER2 (Her2-ECDHis, aa 1-653 with a C-terminal His6 tag), the naturally occurring HER2 splice variant (Her2-delex16, resulting from exon 16 deletion and lacking aa 633-648) and a truncated form of the HER2 receptor (Her2-stumpy, aa 648-1256), were generated.
  • the construct contained suitable restriction sites for cloning and an optimal Kozak sequence (Kozak, M., Gene 1999; 234(2):187-208.).
  • constructs were cloned in the mammalian expression vector pEE13.4 (Lonza Biologics; Bebbington, C. R., et al., Biotechnology (N Y) 1992; 10(2):169-75) and fully sequenced to confirm the correctness of the construct.
  • the mammalian expression vectors p33G1f and p33K or p33L containing the fully codon optimized constant region for the human IgG1 heavy chain (allotype f), the human kappa light chain or the human lambda light chain, respectively, were used.
  • the mammalian expression vectors pG1f pEE12.4 (Lonza Biologics) and pKappa (pEE6.4 (Lonza Biologics), containing the fully codon-optimized constant region for the human IgG1 heavy chain (allotype f) and the human kappa light chain, respectively, were used.
  • Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) can be produced in the same manner, using the heavy and light chain sequences described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,632,924.
  • FreestyleTM 293-F (a HEK-293 subclone adapted to suspension growth and chemically defined Freestyle medium, (HEK-293F)) cells were obtained from Invitrogen and transfected with the appropriate plasmid DNA, using 293fectin (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. In the case of antibody expression, the appropriate heavy chain and light chain expression vectors were co-expressed.
  • pEE13.4Her2 pEE13.4Her2-delex16 and pEE13.4Her2-stumpy were transiently transfected in the FreestyleTM CHO-S (Invitrogen) cell line using Freestyle MAX transfection reagent (Invitrogen). Expression of HER2 and Her2-delex16 was tested by means of FACS analysis as described below.
  • pEE13.4Her2 pEE13.4Her2-delex16 and pEE13.4Her2-stumpy were stably transfected in NS0 cells by nucleofection (Amaxa).
  • a pool of stably transfected cells was established after selection on glutamine dependent growth, based on the integrated glutamine synthetase selection marker (Barnes, L. M., et al., Cytotechnology 2000; 32(2):109-123).
  • Her2ECDHis was expressed in HEK-293F cells.
  • the His-tag in Her2ECDHis enabled purification with immobilized metal affinity chromatography, since the His-tagged protein binds strongly to the resin beads, while other proteins present in the culture supernatant do not bind strongly.
  • a chelator fixed onto the chromatographic resin was charged with Co 2+ cations.
  • Her2ECDHis containing supernatant was incubated with the resin in batch mode (i.e. solution). After incubation, the beads were retrieved from the supernatant and packed into a column. The column was washed in order to remove weakly bound proteins. The strongly bound Her2ECDHis proteins were then eluted with a buffer containing imidazole, which competes with the binding of His to Co 2+ . The eluent was removed from the protein by buffer exchange on a desalting column.
  • Antibodies 001, 019, 021, 025, 027, 032, 033, 035, 036, 049, 050, 051, 054, 055, 084, 091, 094, 098, 100, 105, 123 and 124 were derived from the following immunization: three female HCo12 mice, one male and two female HCo12-Balb/C mice, one male HCo17 mouse and one male HCo20 mouse (Medarex, San Jose, Calif., USA) were immunized alternating with 5 ⁇ 10 6 NS0 cells stably transfected with Her2ECD intraperitoneal (IP) and 20 ⁇ g Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) subcutaneous (SC) at the tail base, with an interval of fourteen days.
  • IP Her2ECD intraperitoneal
  • KLH hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin
  • a maximum of eight immunizations was performed per mouse (four IP and four SC immunizations).
  • the first immunization with cells was done in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • CFA complete Freunds' adjuvant
  • cells were injected IP in PBS and KLH coupled Her2ECDHis was injected SC using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • Antibodies 125, 127, 129, 132, 152, 153 and 159 were derived from the following immunization: one male and two female HCo12-Balb/C mice, one female HCo20 mouse, and one female HCo12 mouse (Medarex) were immunized alternating with 5 ⁇ 10 6 NS0 cells stably transfected with Her2delex16 IP and 20 ⁇ g Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) SC at the tail base, with an interval of fourteen days. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed per mouse (four IP and four SC immunizations).
  • KLH Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin
  • the first immunization with cells was done in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • CFA complete Freunds' adjuvant
  • IFA incomplete Freunds' adjuvant
  • Antibody 143, 160, 161, 162, 166 and 169 were derived from the following immunization: one female and one male Hco12 mouse, one female Hco12-Balb/C mouse, one male HCo17 mouse and one male HCo20 mouse (Medarex) were immunized alternating with 20 ⁇ g Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), alternating IP and SC at the tail base with an interval of fourteen days. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed per mouse (four IP and four SC immunizations). The first immunization was done IP in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA). The other immunizations were injected using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • CFA complete Freunds' adjuvant
  • IFA incomplete Freunds' adjuvant
  • Antibodies 005, 006, 041, 044, 059, 060, 067, 072, 093, 106 and 111 were derived from the following immunization procedure: two female HCo12 mice, one female and one male HCo12-Balb/C mouse, one female and one male HCo17 mouse, and two male HCo20 mice (Medarex, San Jose, Calif., USA) were immunized every fortnight, alternating between 5 ⁇ 10 6 NS0 cells stably transfected with Her2ECDHis intraperitoneal (IP) and 20 ⁇ g Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) subcutaneous (SC) at the tail base.
  • IP Her2ECDHis intraperitoneal
  • KLH Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin
  • a maximum of eight immunizations was performed per mouse (four IP and four SC immunizations).
  • the first immunization with cells was done in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • CFA complete Freunds' adjuvant
  • cells were injected IP in PBS and KLH coupled Her2ECD was injected SC using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • Antibody 150 was derived from immunization of one female HCo17 mouse (Medarex) alternating with 5 ⁇ 10 6 NS0 cells stably transfected with Her2delex16 IP and 20 ⁇ g Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) SC at the tail base, with an interval of fourteen days. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed (four IP and four SC immunizations). The first immunization with cells was done in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA). For all other immunizations, cells were injected IP in PBS and KLH coupled Her2ECD was injected SC using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • CFA complete Freunds' adjuvant
  • IFA incomplete Freunds' adjuvant
  • Antibody 163 was derived from immunization of one male HCo20 mouse (Medarex) with 20 ⁇ g Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), alternating IP and SC at the tailbase with an interval of fourteen days. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed (four IP and four SC immunizations). The first immunization was done IP in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA). The other immunizations were injected using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • CFA complete Freunds' adjuvant
  • IFA incomplete Freunds' adjuvant
  • HER2 antibodies in sera of immunized mice or HuMab (human monoclonal antibody) hybridoma or transfectoma culture supernatant was determined by homogeneous antigen specific screening assays (four quadrant) using Fluorometric Micro volume Assay Technology (FMAT; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., USA). For this, a combination of 4 cell based assays was used.
  • TC1014-Her2 (CHO-S cells transiently expressing the HER2 receptor; produced as described above), TC1014-Her2delex16 (CHO-S cells transiently expressing the extracellular domain of Her2-delex (a 16 amino acid deletion mutant of the HER2 receptor; produced as described above) and TC1014-Her2stumpy (CHO-S cells transiently expressing the extracellular stumpy domain of the HER2 receptor; produced as described above) as well as CHO-S wild type cells (negative control cells which do not express HER2) was determined. Samples were added to the cells to allow binding to HER2.
  • HuMab binding of HuMab was detected using a fluorescent conjugate (Goat anti-Human IgG-Cy5; Jackson ImmunoResearch).
  • TH1014-Pertuzumab produced in HEK-293F cells
  • HuMab®-mouse pooled serum and HuMab-KLH were used as negative controls.
  • the samples were scanned using an Applied Biosystems 8200 Cellular Detection System (8200 CDS) and ‘counts ⁇ fluorescence’ was used as read-out. Samples were stated positive when counts were higher than 50 and counts ⁇ fluorescence were at least three times higher than the negative control.
  • HuMab mice with sufficient antigen-specific titer development were sacrificed and the spleen and lymph nodes flanking the abdominal aorta and vena cava were collected. Fusion of splenocytes and lymph node cells to a mouse myeloma cell line was done by electrofusion using a CEEF 50 Electrofusion System (Cyto Pulse Sciences, Glen Burnie, Md., USA), essentially according to the manufacturer's instructions. Next, the primary wells were sub cloned using the ClonePix system (Genetix, Hampshire, UK).
  • samples were placed in a 384-well plate (Waters, 100 ⁇ l square well plate, part#186002631). Samples were deglycosylated overnight at 37° C. with N-glycosidase F (Roche cat no 11365177001. DTT (15 mg/mL) was added (1 ⁇ L/well) and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. Samples (5 or 6 ⁇ L) were desalted on an Acquity UPLCTM (Waters, Milford, USA) with a BEH300 C18, 1.7 ⁇ m, 2.1 ⁇ 50 mm column at 60° C.
  • N-glycosidase F Roche cat no 11365177001.
  • DTT 15 mg/mL
  • Samples (5 or 6 ⁇ L) were desalted on an Acquity UPLCTM (Waters, Milford, USA) with a BEH300 C18, 1.7 ⁇ m, 2.1 ⁇ 50 mm column at 60° C.
  • RNA of the HER2 HuMabs was prepared from 5 ⁇ 10 6 hybridoma cells and 5′-RACE-Complementary DNA (cDNA) was prepared from 100 ng total RNA, using the SMART RACE cDNA Amplification kit (Clontech), according to the manufacturer's instructions. VH and VL coding regions were amplified by PCR and cloned directly, in frame, in the pG1f and pKappa expression vectors, by ligation independent cloning (Aslanidis, C. and P. J. de Jong, Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18(20): 6069-74).
  • TH1014 TH stands for transient HEK cells.
  • 16 VL clones and 8 VH clones were sequenced. Clones with predicted heavy and light chain mass in agreement with the mass of the hybridoma derived material of the same antibody (as determined by mass spectrometry) were selected for further study and expression.
  • VH Heavy chain variable region
  • VL light chain variable region
  • HuMabs 005, 006, 059, 060, 106, and 111 Table 1B.
  • HuMab Mouse: Strain: Germline VH: Germline VL: 169 361494 HCo20 IgHV1-18-01 IgKV3-11-01 050 350633 HCo12 IgHV3-23-01 IgKV1-12-01 084 350615 HCo12-BalbC IgHV1-69-04 IgKV1-12-01 025 350631 HCo12 IgHV4-34-01 IgKV1D-16-01 091 350630 HCo12 IgHV4-34-01 IgKV1D-16-01 129 359783 HCo12-BalbC IgHV3-30-3-01 IgKV3-11-01 127 359783 HCo12-BalbC IgHV5-51-01 IgKV1D-8-01 159 363503 HCo12 IgHV5-51-01 IgKV1D-16-01 098 350659
  • VH Heavy chain variable region
  • VL light chain variable region sequences of HuMabs 049, 051, 055, 123, 161, 124, 001, 143, 019, 021, 027, 032, 035, 036, 054, 094 (3A) and HuMabs 041, 150, 067, 072, 163, 093, and 044 (3B).
  • the respective CDRs correspond to those underlined in Figures 1 and 2, for VH and VL sequences, respectively.
  • Culture supernatant was filtered over 0.2 ⁇ m dead-end filters, loaded on 5 mL MabSelect SuRe columns (GE Health Care) and eluted with 0.1 M sodium citrate-NaOH, pH 3.
  • the eluate was immediately neutralized with 2M Tris-HCl, pH 9 and dialyzed overnight to 12.6 mM NaH2PO4, 140 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 (B. Braun).
  • the eluate was loaded on a HiPrep Desalting column and the antibody was exchanged into 12.6 mM NaH2PO4, 140 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 (B. Braun) buffer.
  • HER2 antibodies to AU565 cells (purchased at ATCC, CRL-2351) and A431 cells (purchased at ATCC, CRL-1555), was tested using flow cytometry (FACS Canto II, BD Biosciences).
  • flow cytometry FACS Canto II, BD Biosciences.
  • Qifi analysis revealed that AU565 cells expressed on average 1,000,000 copies of HER2 protein per cell, whereas A431 cells expressed on average 15,000 copies per cell.
  • Binding of HER2 antibodies was detected using a Phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated goat-anti-human IgG antibody (Jackson).
  • Trastuzumab (clinical-grade Herceptin®) was used as positive control antibody, and an isotype control antibody was used as negative control antibody.
  • EC 50 values were determined by means of non-linear regression (sigmoidal dose-response with variable slope) using GraphPad Prism V4.03 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, Calif., USA).
  • HER2 antibodies bound to HER2 expressed on both AU565 and A431 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
  • the EC 50 values for binding varied between 0.336-2.290 ⁇ g/mL for AU565 cells and 0.068-1.135 ⁇ g/mL for A431 cells ( FIG. 3A-D ).
  • the EC 50 values for binding varied between 0.304-2.678 ⁇ g/mL for AU565 cells and 0.106-1.982 ⁇ g/mL for A431 cells ( FIG. 3E and F). Especially on A431 cells, large differences in EC 50 values were observed between the tested antibodies.
  • antibody 098 had the best (i.e., lowest) EC 50 value on both types of cells. Also some differences in maximum binding levels were observed between different antibodies, on both AU565 and A431 cells. Of the tested cross-block groups 1-3 antibodies, antibody 098 also had the highest maximum binding level on AU565 cells, whereas antibody 025 had the highest maximum binding level on A431 cells. For antibodies of cross-block group 4, antibodies 005 and 006 demonstrated higher maximum binding levels on A431 as compared to other HER2 antibodies.
  • HER2 antibodies were cross-reactive with Rhesus monkey HER2 ( FIG. 4A and B). At both tested concentrations (1 ⁇ g/mL and 10 ⁇ g/mL), the HER2 antibodies were able to bind specifically to Rhesus monkey HER2.
  • Antibody 127 demonstrated poor binding at 1 ⁇ g/mL concentration, but showed good binding at 10 ⁇ g/mL concentration.
  • Antibody 098 had the highest binding level at both antibody concentrations. No binding was observed with the isotype control antibody.
  • HER2 antibodies The optimal coating concentrations of the tested HER2 antibodies and optimal Her2ECDHis concentration were determined in the following manner: ELISA wells were coated overnight at 4° C. with HER2 HuMabs serially diluted in PBS (0.125-8 ⁇ g/mL in 2-fold dilutions). Next, the ELISA wells were washed with PBST (PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween-20 [Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands]) and blocked for one hour at room temperature (RT) with PBSTC (PBST supplemented 2% [v/v] chicken serum [Gibco, Paisley, Scotland]).
  • PBST PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween-20 [Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands]
  • RT room temperature
  • PBSTC PBST supplemented 2% [v/v] chicken serum [Gibco, Paisley, Scotland]
  • the ELISA wells were then washed with PBST and incubated for one hour at RT with Her2ECDHis serially diluted in PBSTC (0.25-2 ⁇ g/mL in 2-fold dilutions). Unbound Her2ECDHis was washed away with PBST, and bound Her2ECDHis was incubated for one hour at RT with 0.25 ⁇ g/mL biotinylated rabbit-anti-6xhis-biot (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The plate was thereafter washed with PBST and incubated for one hour with 0.1 ⁇ g/mL Streptavidin-poly-HRP (Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) diluted in PBST.
  • ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
  • ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
  • the colorization was stopped by adding an equal volume of oxalic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Fluorescence at 405 nm was measured on a microtiter plate reader (Biotek Instruments, Winooski, USA). The antibody concentrations that resulted in sub-optimal binding of each antibody were determined and used for the following cross-block experiments.
  • Each HER2 antibody was coated to the ELISA wells at the sub-optimal dose that was determined as described above. After blocking of the ELISA wells, the wells were incubated with the predetermined concentration of 1 ⁇ g/mL biotinylated Her2ECDHis in the presence or absence of an excess of a second (competitor) HER2 antibody. The ELISA was then performed as described above. Residual binding of Her2ECDHis to the coated antibody was expressed as a percentage relative to the binding observed in the absence of competitor antibody. Percentage competition was then determined as 100 minus the percentage of inhibition. 75% competition was considered as complete cross-block, whereas 25-74% competition was considered as partial cross-block, and 0-24% competition was considered non-blocking.
  • the first group comprised trastuzumab and antibodies 169, 050 and 084, which blocked each other for binding to Her2ECDHis, but did not cross-block antibodies from other groups.
  • the second group comprised pertuzumab and antibodies 025, 091 and 129, which blocked each other for binding to Her2ECDHis, except for antibodies 129 and 091 which both cross-blocked pertuzumab and 025, but not each other. None of the antibodies of group 2 blocked antibodies from other groups.
  • a third group comprised antibodies C1, F5, 127, 098, 132, 153 and 159, which did not cross-block any antibody from the other groups. Within this group 3, some variation was observed.
  • Antibody 127 was the only antibody that was able to cross-block all other antibodies in this group for binding to Her2ECDHis; antibody 159 cross-blocked all other antibodies within this group, except 132; clone 098 cross-blocked all antibodies of group 3, except 132 and 153; antibody 153 cross-blocked 127, 132 and 159 for binding to Her2ECDHis, but not 098, C1 or F5; clone 132 cross-blocked 127, 132 and 153.
  • F5 and C1 only demonstrated cross-blocking of each other.
  • the reverse reaction also revealed competition with antibodies 127, 098 and 159, but not 153 and 132. Possibly, these differences may have resulted from lower affinities of antibodies C1 and F5 for Her2ECDHis.
  • HER2 antibodies of this group competed for binding to Her2ECDHis, at least partially, with themselves.
  • Trastuzumab clinical grade Herceptin®
  • pertuzumab TH1014-pert, transiently produced in HEK-293 cells
  • C1 and F5 both transiently produced in HEK-293 cells
  • Antibodies 005, 006, 059, 060, 106 and 111 all competed with each other for binding to Her2ECDHis, but did not cross-block with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, C1 or F5. Clones 005, 059, 060 and 106 only blocked 006 when 006 was the competitor antibody. In the reverse reaction where 006 was immobilized, no blocking was found with 005, 059, 060 or 106. This was possibly a result of the higher apparent affinity of clone 006 compared to 005, 059, 060, 106 and 111, shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B . Values higher than 100% can be explained by avidity effects and the formation of antibody-Her2ECDHis complexes containing two non-blocking antibodies.
  • ADCC Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
  • SK-BR-3 cells purchased at ATCC, HTB-30 were harvested (5 ⁇ 10 6 cells), washed (twice in PBS, 1500 rpm, 5 min) and collected in 1 mL RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% cosmic calf serum (CCS) (HyClone, Logan, Utah, USA), to which 200 ⁇ Ci 51 Cr (Chromium-51; Amersham Biosciences Europe GmbH, Roosendaal, The Netherlands) was added. The mixture was incubated in a shaking water bath for 1.5 hours at 37° C.
  • CCS cosmic calf serum
  • the cells were resuspended in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% CCS, counted by trypan blue exclusion and diluted to a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL.
  • peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from fresh buffy coats (Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) using standard Ficoll density centrifugation according to the manufacturer's instructions (lymphocyte separation medium; Lonza, Verviers, France). After resuspension of cells in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% CCS, cells were counted by trypan blue exclusion and concentrated to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells/mL.
  • Trastuzumab was produced in CHO cells resulting in an (increased) non-core fucosylation grade of 12.4%, whereas the other HER2 antibodies were produced in HEK cells, resulting on average in 4% non-core fucosylation.
  • the amount of spontaneous lysis was determined by incubating 5000 51 Cr-labeled SK-BR-3 cells in 150 ⁇ L medium, without any antibody or effector cells.
  • the level of antibody-independent cell lysis was determined by incubating 5,000 SK-BR-3 cells with 500,000 PBMCs without antibody. Subsequently, the cells were incubated 4 hr at 37° C., 5% CO 2 . To determine the amount of cell lysis, the cells were centrifuged (1,200 rpm, 3 min) and 75 ⁇ L of supernatant was transferred to micronic tubes, after which the released 51 Cr was counted using a gamma counter. The measured counts per minute (cpm) were used to calculate the percentage of antibody-mediated lysis as follows:
  • HER2 antibodies from cross-block groups 1 and 2 induced efficient lysis of SK-BR-3 cells through ADCC ( FIG. 5A ). From group 3, antibody 153 was the only antibody that induced efficient ADCC, antibody 132 induced about 10% ADCC, and clones 098, 159 and 127 did not induce ADCC. See FIG. 5 . All HER2 antibodies from cross-block group 4 induced efficient lysis of SK-BR-3 cells through ADCC ( FIG. 5B ). The average percentage lysis by the different antibodies of cross-block group 4 varied between 15% and 28%, in constrast to trastuzumab (Herceptin®), which showed on average 41% lysis.
  • Herceptin® trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab possibly resulted from an increased non-core fucosylation grade (12.4%) due to its CHO production, compared to ⁇ 4% non-core fucosylation on the other HEK-produced HER2 antibodies, or by recognizing an epitope that induces less internalization of the HER2 receptor-antibody complexes.
  • HER2 antibodies were tested for their ability to inhibit proliferation of AU565 cells in vitro. Due to the high HER2 expression levels on AU565 cells ( ⁇ 1,000,000 copies per cell as described in Example 12), HER2 is constitutively active in these cells and thus not dependent on ligand-induced heterodimerization.
  • trastuzumab 050 and 169 demonstrated significant inhibition of AU565 cell proliferation (P ⁇ 0.05), whereas 084 had no effect. None of the tested antibodies from group 2 (Pertuzumab, 025, 092 and 129) was able to inhibit AU565 cell proliferation. The tested antibodies from group 3 (098 and 153) did not inhibit AU565 proliferation. In contrast, both antibodies induced enhanced proliferation of AU565 cells compared to untreated cells (098 more than 153). See FIG. 6 . For trastuzumab and pertuzumab, this was in accordance with the results described by Juntilla et al. (Cancer Cell 2009; 15(5):353-355).
  • TH1014-F5 significantly enhanced proliferation of AU565 cells indicating that this is an agonistic antibody, whereas none of the other antibodies of cross-block group 4 tested (005, 060 and pertuzumab) had a substantial effect on AU565 proliferation (data not shown). Enhancing proliferation can be an advantage in some therapeutic applications of ADC-conjugates, e.g., where the cytotoxic action of the drug relies on, or is enhanced by, cell proliferation.
  • HER2 is an orphan receptor, its signaling is mainly dependent on activation of other ErbB-family members such as EGFR and Her3. Upon ligand binding, these two receptors can bind to and activate the HER2 receptor, resulting in e.g. proliferation.
  • Various publications describe that pertuzumab efficiently inhibits Heregulin- ⁇ 1-induced proliferation (Franklin MC. Cancer Cell 2004/Landgraf R. BCR 2007).
  • trastuzumab For trastuzumab, it has been described that it has little effect on Heregulin- ⁇ 1-induced HER2/HER3 heterodimerization and proliferation (Larsen SS., et al., Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000; 58:41-56; Agus D B., et al., Cancer Cell 2002; 2:127-137; Wehrman et al. (2006), supra).
  • MCF7 cells purchased at ATCC, HTB-22
  • a Heregulin- ⁇ 1-induced proliferation assay was performed. Therefore, MCF7 cells (purchased at ATCC, HTB-22) expressing ⁇ 20.000 HER2 molecules per cell, were seeded in a 96-wells tissue culture plate (Greiner bio-one) (2.500 cells/well) in complete cell culture medium. After 4 hours, the cell culture medium was replaced with starvation medium containing 1% Cosmic Calf Serum (CCS) and 10 ⁇ g/mL HER2 antibody.
  • CCS Cosmic Calf Serum
  • Heregulin- ⁇ 1 (PeproTech, Princeton Business Park, US) diluted in 1% CCS containing starvation medium was added to the wells to a final concentration of 1.5 ng/mL. After 4 days incubation, the amount of viable cells was quantified with Alamarblue (BioSource International) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Fluorescence was monitored using the EnVision 2101 Multilabel reader (PerkinElmer) with standard Alamarblue settings. The Alamarblue signal of HER2 antibody-treated ligand-induced cells was plotted as a percentage signal compared to ligand-induced cells incubated without HER2 antibody. Dunnett's test was applied for statistical analysis.
  • HER2 antibodies for an antibody-drug conjugate approach, a generic in vitro cell-based killing assay using kappa-directed pseudomonas-exotoxin A (anti-kappa-ETA′) was developed.
  • the assay makes use of a high affinity anti-kappa domain antibody conjugated to a truncated form of the pseudomonas-exotoxin A.
  • the anti-kappa-ETA′ domain antibody undergoes proteolysis and disulfide-bond reduction, separating the catalytic from the binding domain.
  • the catalytic domain is transported from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum via the KDEL retention motif, and subsequently translocated to the cytosol where it inhibits protein synthesis and induces apoptosis (ref. Kreitman R J. BioDrugs 2009; 23(1):1-13).
  • HER2 antibodies are preconjugated with the anti-kappa-ETA′ before incubation with HER2-positive cells.
  • the optimal concentration of anti-kappa-ETA′ was determined for each cell line, i.e. the maximally tolerated dose that does not lead to induction of non-specific cell death.
  • AU565 cells (7,500 cells/well) and A431 cells (2500 cells/well) were seeded in normal cell culture medium in 96-wells tissue culture plate (Greiner bio-one) and allowed to adhere for at least 4 hours.
  • cells were incubated with 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0 ⁇ g/mL anti-kappa-ETA′ dilutions in normal cell culture medium. After 3 days, the amount of viable cells was quantified with Alamarblue (BioSource International, San Francisco, US) according to the manufacturer's instruction.
  • Antibody 159 had the highest percentage of cell-kill, and 098 the lowest EC 50 .
  • antibodies 025, 091, 098, 129 and 153 were able to induce effective killing of A431 cells ( ⁇ 75%). The highest percentage of cell-kill, and lowest EC 50 was shown by antibody 098. When conjugated to anti-kappa-ETA′, trastuzumab and isotype control antibody did not induce killing of A431 cells. Antibodies 169, 084 and pertuzumab induced percentages of cell kill of no more than about 50%. No cell kill was observed with non-conjugated HER2 antibodies.
  • antibodies 005 and 060 were able to induce effective killing of A431 cells ( ⁇ 85%) when conjugated to anti-kappa-ETA′
  • Antibodies 005 and 111 demonstrated killing of A431 cells already at low antibody concentrations (10 ng/mL) with EC 50 values of ⁇ 10 ng/mL. No cell kill was observed with non-conjugated HER2 antibodies of cross-block 4.
  • CypHer5E is a pH-sensitive dye which is non-fluorescent at basic pH (extracellular: culture medium) and fluorescent at acidic pH (intracellular: lysosomes), with an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 7.3.
  • AU565 cells were seeded in 384-well tissue culture plates (Greiner bio-one), at a density of 3,000 cells/well in normal cell culture medium supplemented with 240 ng/mL fab-CypHer5E (conjugation of Goat-fab-anti-Human IgG [Jackson] with CypHer5E [GE Healthcare, Eindhoven, The Netherlands] was made according to manufacturer's instructions).
  • HER2 antibodies were serially diluted in normal cell culture medium, added to the cells and left at room temperature for 9 hours.
  • MFI Mean fluorescent intensities of intracellular CypHer5E were measured using the 8200 FMAT (Applied Biosystems, Nieuwerkerk A/D IJssel, The Netherlands) and ‘counts ⁇ fluorescence’ was used as read-out. An isotype control antibody was used as negative control antibody. EC 50 values and maximal MFI were determined by means of non-linear regression (sigmoidal dose-response with variable slope) using GraphPad Prism V4.03 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, Calif., USA).
  • Table 8A depicting the EC 50 and maximal MFI values for all tested HER2 antibodies of cross-block groups 1, 2, and 3 in the CypHer5E internalization assay with AU565 cells.
  • the maximal MFI values indicate how many HER2 receptors are internalized upon antibody binding. All HER2 antibodies showed higher maximal MFI values (137,904-38,801) compared to trastuzumab (35,000) and pertuzumab (TH1014-pert) (32,366), indicating that the tested HER2 antibodies induced enhanced receptor internalization.
  • antibodies that did not compete for HER2 binding with trastuzumab (Herceptin®) or TH1014-pert induced more receptor internalization compared to antibodies that did compete with trastuzumab and TH1014-pert, with the highest MFI achieved by antibodies 098 and 127. Without being limited to theory, this might be inherent to an inability to inhibit HER2 heterodimerization.
  • Table 8B depicting the EC 50 values and maximal MFI for all tested HER2 antibodies of cross-block group 4 in the CypHer5E internalization assay with AU565 cells.
  • the maximal MFI values reflect how many HER2 antibodies were internalized upon binding.
  • All tested human HER2 antibodies of cross-block group 4 showed higher maximal MFI values (130.529-57.428) than trastuzumab (Herceptin®) (35.000) and TH1014-pert (35.323), indicating that these antibodies induced enhanced receptor internalization.
  • the enhanced internalization of TH1014-F5 may be a result from its agonistic activity and the induction of HER2-HER2 dimerization (see Example 16).
  • Cypher 5 EC 50 Maximal Antibody ng/mL MFI A: PC1014-025 30.05 63428 PC1014-091 32.99 50711 mAbs that compete with PC1014-129 7.15 60302 ⁇ close oversize bracket ⁇ Herceptin TH1014-pert 530 32366 PC1014-169 ND 38801 mAbs that compete with PC1014-084 30.51 71059 ⁇ close oversize bracket ⁇ TH1014-pert trastuzumab 21.70 35000 PC1014-098 13.77 134575 PC1014-127 ⁇ 9.68 137904 mAbs that compete with PC1014-159 ND 92427 ⁇ close oversize bracket ⁇ TH1014-F5 TH1014-F5 22.65 113116 PC1014-132 11.42 112270 ⁇ close oversize bracket ⁇ Non-competing mAbs PC1014-153 ⁇ 14.91 87531 B: PC1014-006 23.08 130829 PC1014-005 21.37 95117
  • bispecific antibodies An in vitro method for producing bispecific antibodies is described in WO 2008119353 (Genmab) and reported by van der Neut-Kolfschoten et al. (Science. 2007 Sep. 14; 317(5844):1554-7).
  • a bispecific antibody was formed by “Fab-arm” or “half-molecule” exchange (swapping of a heavy chain and attached light chain) between two monospecific IgG4- or IgG4-like antibodies upon incubation under mildly reducing conditions.
  • this Fab-arm exchange reaction was the result of a disulfide-bond isomerization reaction wherein the inter heavy-chain disulfide bonds in the hinge regions of monospecific antibodies were reduced and the resulting free cysteines form a new inter heavy-chain disulfide bond with cysteine residues of another antibody molecule with a different specificity.
  • the resulting product was a bispecific antibody having two Fab arms with different sequences.
  • IgG4 Fab-arm exchange was adapted to generate a method to produce stable IgG1-based bispecific antibodies (WO 2011131746 (Genmab)).
  • the bispecific antibody product generated by this method described below will no longer participate in IgG4 Fab-arm exchange.
  • the basis for this method was the use of complimentary CH3 domains, which promote the formation of heterodimers under specific assay conditions.
  • IgG1 molecules carrying certain mutations in the CH3 domain were generated: in one of the parental IgG1 antibody T350I, K370T and F405L mutations (or minimally F405L) in the other parental IgG1 antibody the K409R mutation.
  • these two parental antibodies each antibody at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL (equimolar concentration), were incubated with 25 mM 2-mercaptoethylamine-HCl (2-MEA) in a total volume of 100 ⁇ L TE at 37° C. for 90 min.
  • the reduction reaction is stopped when the reducing agent 2-MEA is removed by using spin columns (Microcon centrifugal filters, 30 k, Millipore) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
  • CD3 is a protein complex that is associated with the T cell receptor ⁇ and ⁇ chain expressed on mature T cells. Combination of a CD3 specific antibody Fab-arm with a tumor antigen specific antibody Fab-arm in a bispecific antibody would result in the specific targeting of T cells to tumor cells, leading to T cell mediated tumor cell lysis. Likewise, CD3 positive T cells could be targeted to other derailed cells in the body, to infected cells or directly to pathogens.
  • HER2 ⁇ CD3 bispecific antibodies were generated, combining different HER2 and public domain CD3 antibody sequences. Furthermore b12, a gp120 specific antibody (Barbas, CF. J Mol Biol. 1993 Apr. 5; 230(3):812-23.) was used as a negative control. Heavy and light chain variable region sequences for the HER2-specific Fab-arm for antibody 153 were SEQ ID NO:63 and 67, respectively, and VH and VL sequences for the HER2-specific Fab-arm of antibody 169 were SEQ ID NO:1 and 5, respectively. The following heavy and light chain variable region sequences for the CD3 specific Fab-arm were used:
  • HUM291 humanized antibody visilizumab, sequences retrieved from the NCBI protein database under GenBank accession No.: AAC28464.1, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety
  • huOKT3-C114S-gLC used in teplizumab, with an additional C114S mutation in VH; Adair, J. et al. 1994. Hum Antibodies Hybridomas 5:41-47, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, including sequence disclosures).
  • huCLB-T3/4 is a humanized version of murine antibody CLB-T3/4 (Parren et al., Res Immunol. 1991, 142(9):749-63, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, including sequence disclosures. Briefly, the CLB-T3/4 murine VH and VL sequences as published in Parren et al. (1991) were aligned to the human VH and VL repertoires using the IMGT's V-QUEST. The closest human germlines that were found were IGHV3-21*01 for the VH gene and IGKV3-11*01(+IGKJ4*02) for the VL gene.
  • IgG1, ⁇ being modified in their Fc regions as follows: IgG1-HER2-153-K409R, IgG1-HER2-169-K409R, IgG1-b12-K409R, IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-F405L, IgG1-YTH12.5-F405L, IgG1-HUM291-F405L and IgG1-huOKT3-F405L.
  • N297Q mutants of the same antibodies were generated to make the Fc-domain of the antibodies inert.
  • An inert Fc-domain prevents the antibody to interact with Fc-receptors present on monocytes, since it removes a glycosylation site; glycosylation at this site is critical for IgG-Fcgamma receptor interactions (Bolt S et al., Eur J Immunol 1993, 23:403-411).
  • residual Fc activity was further removed by combining three sets of mutations from the public domain in one antibody Fc domain. The mutations L234F, L235E, P331S (Oganesyan, Acta Cryst. (2008).
  • LFLEDANQPS SEQ ID NO:251
  • Fc sequences for the different Fc-variants were used (mutations are highlighted by underlined letters:
  • IgG1 heavy chain constant region-WT (SEQ ID NO: 247) ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVV TVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTP EVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVS NKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTT PPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK IgG1 heavy chain constant region-F405L (SEQ ID NO: 248) >ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVK
  • VH b12 (SEQ ID NO: 256) >QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCQASGYRFSNFVIHWVRQAPGQRFEWMGWINPYNGNKEFSAKFQ DRVTFTADTSANTAYMELRSLRSADTAVYYCARVGPYSWDDSPQDNYYMDVWGKGTTVIVSS VL b12 (SEQ ID NO: 257) >EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATFSCRSSHSIRSRRVAWYQHKPGQAPRLVIHGVSNRASGISDRFSGSGS GTDFTLTITRVEPEDFALYYCQVYGASSYTFGQGTKLERK
  • Bispecific antibodies from these HER2 and CD3 specific antibodies were generated as described in Example 20.
  • FIG. 10A Data are summarized in FIG. 10A and representative examples of cells treated with bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 (169 ⁇ CLB-T3/4) and a monospecific control antibody are shown in FIG. 10B .
  • HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies were then tested in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay using AU565 cells with either isolated T cells alone or PBMCs as effector cells.
  • AU565 cells were cultured to near confluency. Cells were washed twice with PBS, and trypsinized for 5 minutes at 37° C. 12 mL culture medium was added to inactivate trypsin and cells were spun down for 5 min, 800 rpm. Cells were resuspended in 10 mL culture medium and a single cell suspension was made by passing the cells through a cellstrainer. 100 ⁇ L of a 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL suspension was added to each well of a 96-well culture plate, and cells were incubated at least 3 hrs at 37° C., 5% CO2 to allow adherence to the plate.
  • PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • FIG. 11 shows that all bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies induced dose-dependent killing of AU565 cells in an in vitro cytoxicity assay with isolated T cells. Killing was critically dependent on the presence of a tumor-targeting Fab-arm (both clone 169 and 153), whereas control antibodies (CD3 monospecific IgG1-YTH12.5, IgG1-huCLB-T3/4, IgG1-Hum291 and IgG1-OKT3 and irrelevant antigen-specific IgG1-b12, and CD3 ⁇ b12) did not induce T cell cytotoxicity.
  • Bispecific antibodies containing HER2-169 were more potent than those containing HER2-153.
  • AU565 cells were incubated with HER2 antibodies for 3 days, and analyzed for presence of HER2.
  • AU565 cells were seeded in a 24-wells tissue culture plate (100.000 cells/well) in normal cell culture medium and cultured for 3 days at 37° C. in the presence of 10 ⁇ g/mL HER2 antibody. After washing with PBS, cells were lysed by incubating 30 min at room temperature with 25 ⁇ L Surefire Lysis buffer (Perkin Elmer, Turku, Finland).
  • HER2 protein levels in the lysates were analyzed using a HER2-specific sandwich ELISA.
  • Rabbit-anti-human HER2 intracellular domain antibody (Cell Signaling) was used to capture HER2 and biotinylated goat-anti-human HER2 polyclonal antibody (R&D), followed by streptavidin-poly-HRP, were used to detect bound HER2.
  • ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid
  • ABTS buffer 50 mL ABTS buffer [Roche Diagnostics, Almere, The Netherlands]
  • oxalic acid Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands
  • Fluorescence at 405 nm was measured on a microtiter plate reader (Biotek Instruments, Winooski, USA) and the amount of HER2 was expressed as a percentage relative to untreated cells.
  • HER2 downmodulation assay as described in Example 21 and the CypHer-5E based internalization assay as described in Example 19 indicated that HER2 antibodies from groups 3 and 4 were more efficiently internalized and targeted towards lysosomes compared to antibodies from Groups 1 and 2.
  • AU565 cells were cultured on glass coverslips and treated for 18 hours with the indicated antibodies. Cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with FITC-conjugated goat anti-human IgG1 to visualize antibody and mouse anti-human CD107a (LAMP1) followed by goat anti-mouse IgG-Cy5 to identify lysosomes.
  • HER2 extracellular domain shuffle experiment was performed.
  • a small gene-synthesis library with five constructs was generated, swapping the sequences of domain I, II, III or IV of the extracellular domain of human HER2 to the corresponding sequence of chicken HER2 (Gallus gallus isoform B NCBI: NP — 001038126.1): 1) fully human HER2 (Uniprot PO4626) hereafter named hu-HER2, 2) hu-HER2 with chicken domain I (replacing amino acids (aa) 1-203 of the human HER2 with the corresponding chicken HER2 region) hereafter named hu-HER2-ch(I), 3) hu-HER2 with chicken domain II (replacing amino acids (aa) 204-330 of the human HER2 with the corresponding chicken HER2 region) hereafter named hu-HER2-ch(II), 4)
  • the human and chicken HER2 orthologs show 67% homology in their extracellular domain with 62% homology in domain I, 72% homology in domain II, 63% homology in domain III and 68% homology in domain IV.
  • the constructs were transiently transfected in the FreestyleTM CHO-S (Invitrogen) cell line using Freestyle MAX transfection reagent (Invitrogen) according to the instructions of the manufacturer, and transfected cells were cultured for 20 hours.
  • HER2 antibody binding to the transfected cells was analyzed by means of flow cytometry: The transfected CHO-S cells were harvested, washed with FACS buffer and incubated with 10 ⁇ g/mL HER2 antibody (30 minutes on ice).
  • Binding of HER2 antibodies was detected using a Phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated goat-anti-human IgG antibody (Jackson).
  • PE Phycoerythrin
  • Jackson Phycoerythrin-conjugated goat-anti-human IgG antibody
  • BD Cytofix/Cytoperm solution
  • DAKO rabbit-anti-human intracellular HER2 antibody
  • Jackson secondary PE-conjugated goat-anti-rabbit antibody
  • Exemplary binding curves for antibody 153 are shown in FIG. 14 . All binding results are shown in Table 12.
  • Group 1 HER2 antibodies 050, 084, 169 and Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) showed loss of binding to Hu-HER2-ch(IV), but not to the proteins with one of the remaining domains shuffled, demonstrating that the epitopes of Group 1 mAbs reside in HER2 domain IV.
  • Group 2 antibodies 025, 091, 129 and pertuzumab showed only loss of binding to Hu-HER2-ch(II), indicating that the epitope resides in HER2 domain II.
  • Antibodies 098 and 153 were both defined to Group 3 in cross-competition assays (not shown) but showed some variation in the shuffle experiment.
  • Antibody 098 clearly showed loss of binding to Hu-HER2-ch(I) and a minor decrease in binding to Hu-HER2-ch(II), while 153 showed only loss of binding to Hu-HER2-ch(II).
  • Group 3 mAbs 098 and 153 can also bind, at least partially, to the HER2 domain II, with epitopes that possibly extend into HER2 domain I, as is the case for 098.
  • Antibodies 005, 006, 060 and 111 showed loss of binding upon substitution of HER2 domain III, which demonstrated that the epitope resides in HER2 domain III.
  • antibodies 059 and 106 demonstrated loss of binding to both hu-HER2-ch(III) and hu-HER2-ch(I), implying that antibodies 059 and 106 recognize a conformational epitope within these two domains.
  • HER2-domain shuffled Antibody Group FL I II III IV Herceptin ® 1 +++ +++ +++ ⁇ 050 1 +++ +++ +++ +++ ⁇ 084 1 +++ +++ +++ +++ ⁇ 169 1 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ + Pertuzumab 2 +++ +++ +++ 025 2 +++ +++ ⁇ +++ +++ 091 2 +++ +++ ⁇ +++ +++ 129 2 +++ +++ ⁇ +++ +++ 153 3 +++ +++ ⁇ +++ +++ 098 3 +++ ⁇ ++ +++ +++ 005 4 +++ +++ +++ ⁇ +++ 006 4 +++ +++ +++ ⁇ +++ 059 4 +++ ⁇ +++ ⁇ +++ 060 4 +++ +++ +++ ⁇ +++ 106 4 +++ ⁇ +++ ⁇ +++ 111 4 +++ +++ +++ ⁇ +++ FL
  • FIG. 15A , 15 B, 15 C and 15 D show that the mice administered with HuMab 005, 084, 169 and 091 demonstrated slower tumor growth (A) and better survival (B) than the mice that received negative control antibody HuMab-HepC. All treatments were well-tolerated.
  • BT-474 tumor cells were injected 24 to 72 hours after a whole body irradiation with a ⁇ -source (1.8 Gy, Co60, BioMep, France). 2 ⁇ 10 7 BT-474 cells in 200 ⁇ l of RPMI 1640 containing matrigel (50:50, v:v; BD Biosciences) were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of female Balb/C nude mice. Body weight and tumor volume of the mice was recorded twice a week. Tumor volumes (mm 3 ) were calculated from caliper (PLEXX) measurements as: (width 2 ⁇ length)/2.
  • HER2 HuMabs Treatment with HER2 HuMabs was started when the tumors reached a mean volume of 100-200 mm3. Tumor bearing mice were randomized into groups of 8 mice. One group received twice weekly intravenous (i.v.) injections of the control mAb HuMab-HepC. Four other groups received twice weekly i.v. injections of HER2 HuMab 025, 129, 153 and 091, with a first dose of 20 mg/kg and following 9 doses of 5 mg/kg.
  • i.v. intravenous
  • FIG. 16A and 16B show that BT-474 tumor growth was partially inhibited with HuMab 129 and HuMab 153 treatment (about 30 and 50% of inhibition compared to HuMab-HepC control treatment).
  • HuMab-025 and HuMab-091 strongly inhibited the BT-474 tumor growth and the time to reach a tumor volume of 800 mm 3 was significantly delayed by these antibodies. Survival was also improved in the HER2 HuMab receiving mice.
  • Monocytes which are present in PBMCs, express Fc-receptors which can interact with the Fc-domains in the IgG monospecific and bispecific antibodies.
  • Fc-receptors which can interact with the Fc-domains in the IgG monospecific and bispecific antibodies.
  • monospecific CD3 antibodies it is known that such active Fc-domain can cause activation of T-cells.
  • purified T-cells are used as effector cells this Fc-mediated effect is absent due to the absence of monocytes.
  • the cytotoxicity assay was performed as described in Example 21, however human PBMC were used instead of purified T-cells. Deglycosylation did not compromise the activity of the HER2 ⁇ CD3 bispecific antibodies in the cytotoxicity assay whereas the Fc-mediated activity of monospecific huCLB-T3/4 was strongly but not completely removed under the tested conditions ( FIG. 17 ).
  • the effect of the binding site on the tumor target was determined by generating three bispecific antibodies recognizing different HER2 epitopes combined with a CD3 antibody that was proven to be effective in a bispecific format (Examples 21 and 27).
  • the HER2-clones 005, 153 and 169 are three non-crossblocking antibodies recognizing a spatially segregated part of HER2 as shown in Example 24. These three HER2-clones were combined with CD3 antibody clone huCLB-T3/4, which recognizes human CD3 as a bispecific molecule and tested in a cytotoxicity assay with either human PBMCs or purified human T cells.
  • the assay was performed as described in example 21. An E:T ratio of 1:1 was used for the T-cells assay, a 2:1 ratio was used for the PBMC assay.
  • HER2 expression was determined using QIFIKIT® analysis, using the mouse anti-human HER2 (R&D Systems, Cat. MAB1129, Lot IBD0207061) and isotype control antibody (BD, Cat. 555740 Lot 3280) at a concentration of 10 fag/mL. The expression levels are summarized in Table 13.
  • the different HER2 expressing cell lines were co-cultured with freshly isolated human T cells with an E:T ratio of 10:1, using the protocol described in Example 21.
  • cytotoxic efficacy of 169 ⁇ CLB-T3/4 was correlated with the HER2 expression of the target cell line ( FIG. 19 ).
  • AU565 cells were killed at already very low concentrations of antibody whereas the cells with lowest expression (A549) could hardly be killed in this experimental set up.
  • HER2 expression levels of cell lines used in cytotoxity assay HER2 expression (molecules Cell line per cell) AU565 4 ⁇ 10e5 NIH-3T3 7 ⁇ 10e4 A431 1.4 ⁇ 10e4 A549 1 ⁇ 10e4
  • Th1/Th2 cytokine detection in the medium of the different wells was performed by collecting supernatant samples of a cytotoxicity assay to measure cytokine release. Undiluted samples were analysed on FACS using the human Th1/Th2 Cytokine detection kit (BD Biosciences, cat#551809), according to manufacturer's instructions. Cytokine concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN- ⁇ and TNF- ⁇ in the samples were calculated based on standard curves of these cytokines. Data was analyzed using Graphpad Prism 5.0 and Excel 2003 software.
  • cytokines Three groups of cytokines were analyzed (1) Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF- ⁇ , INF- ⁇ and IL-2 (2) Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL6 and (3) Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4 and IL10. Cytokine profiles at day 3 generated by T-cells or PBMCs in in vitro cytotoxicity assay with DuoBody huCLB-T3/4 ⁇ HER2-169 N297Q and all appropriate controls are summarized in Table 14.
  • Cytokines are upregulated when tumor cells and T-cells were incubated together with DuoBody huCLB-T3/4 ⁇ HER2-169 N297Q in contrast to the control antibodies and control treatments (medium and T-cells only).
  • Cytokine expression was also followed over time. Cytokine profiles at day 1, 2 and 3 generated by T-cells or PBMCs in in vitro cytotoxicity assay with DuoBodyTM huCLB-T3/4-N297Q ⁇ HER2-169-N297Q are depicted in FIG. 22 .
  • the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF- ⁇ , INF- ⁇ and IL-2 were pronounced present in experiments were lower antibody concentrations were used (3 ng/mL). In experiments where antibody concentrations were increased with a factor 300, most pro-inflammatory cytokines were present at lower concentrations.
  • IL-6 the cytokine with pro and anti-inflammatory activity, is hardly secreted by T-cells, but highly secreted by PBMCs upon incubation with tumor cells and DuoBody huCLB-T3/4 ⁇ HER2-169 N297Q. Some cytokines are secreted at higher levels at day 1 and/or day 2 and decrease at day 3, whereas others are secreted at lower levels at day 1 and show increased expression at day 2 and or 3.
  • ABTS substrate was dissolved in 50 ml ABTS-buffer (Roche) and 100 ⁇ L/well of the ABTS solution was added to well and incubated for 15-30 mintues at RT in the dark. The reaction was stopped with 100 ⁇ L/well 2% oxalic acid and incubated for 10 min in the dark. Absorbance was read at 405 nm using an EL808-Elisa-reader.
  • DuoBody HER2 169 ⁇ huCLB-T3/4 (both Fc variants, N297Q and LFLEDANQPS) induced a dose-dependent activation of T cells as shown by GM-CSF production ( FIG. 23 ).
  • the monospecific control antibody IgG1-HER2-169-N297Q and the irrelevant antibody IgG1-b12 N297Q did not induce T cell activation as expected.
  • monospecific IgG1-huCLB-T3/4 N297Q and DuoBody huCLB-T3/4 ⁇ b12 N297Q did induce activation of T cells.
  • the (Fab′) 2 control and the inactive Fc mutant LFLEDANQPS of IgG1-CLB-T3/4 did not induce T cell activation suggesting that Fc mediated activation of T cells by N297Q mutants is occurring.
  • mice At day 0, a mixture containing 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells of both PBMCs (and NCI-N87 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in 200 ⁇ L in the right flank of each mouse (PBMCs from two donors were used in parallel to rule out donor specific artefacts.
  • PBMCs right flank of each mouse
  • PBMCs from two donors were used in parallel to rule out donor specific artefacts.
  • Treatment groups are shown in Table 15. All antibody samples were supplemented with irrelevant mAb IgG1-b12 to obtain a total antibody concentration of 4 mg/kg per sample.
  • FIG. 24A shows that on day 42 tumor outgrowth is inhibited most optimal by bispecific HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibody effectively at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg.
  • FIG. 24B the percentage survival (with tumor sizes smaller then 500 mm3) is shown in a Kaplan-Meier plot. Tumor formation is significantly delayed (p ⁇ 0.05, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox)) in mice treated with HER2 ⁇ CD3 antibodies (0.05 mg/kg) compared to control group treated with b12 ⁇ CD3 control antibody.
  • IgG1 containing the triple mutation T350I-K370T-F405L (ITL) was compared to the double mutants T350I-K370T (IT), T350I-F405L (IL) and K370T-F405L (TL) were studied using antibodies 2F8 and 7D8, respectively described in WO 02/100348 and WO 04/035607. Also the single mutant F405L (L) was tested.
  • 2-MEA was used as a reductant to induce in vitro Fab-arm exchange (50 ⁇ g of each antibody in 100 ⁇ L PBS/25 mM 2-MEA for 90 min at 37° C.).
  • unpurified antibody from supernatant of a transient transfection was used after buffer-exchange to PBS using Amicon Ultra centrifugal devices (30 k, Millipore, cat. no. UFC803096).
  • the reducing agent 2-MEA was removed by desalting the samples using spin columns. The generation of bispecific antibodies was determined by bispecific binding measured in an ELISA.
  • IgG1-2F8 The triple (ITL), double mutations (IT, IL and TL) and single mutation (L) were introduced in IgG1-2F8. These mutants were combined with IgG4-7D8, containing a CPSC hinge (wild type) or a stabilized hinge (IgG4-7D8-CPPC), for Fab-arm exchange using 25 mM 2-MEA for 90 min at 37° C.
  • FIGS. 25A-B show that the IgG1-2F8-IL and -TL mutants showed Fab-arm exchange to the same level as the triple mutant ITL, irrespective of the combined IgG4-7D8 (CPSC or CPPC hinge). In contrast, no bispecific binding was found for the combination with the IgG1-2F8-IT mutant.
  • 25C shows that also the IgG1-2F8-F405L mutant showed Fab-arm exchange, irrespective of the combined IgG4-7D8 (CPSC or CPPC hinge). These data indicate that the F405L mutation is sufficient to engage human IgG1 for Fab-arm exchange under the conditions mentioned above.
  • 2-MEA can induce Fab-arm exchange between human IgG1-ITL and IgG4-CPPC.
  • the CH3 interface residues of human IgG1 and IgG4 differ at position 409 only: lysine (K) in IgG1 and arginine (R) in IgG4. Therefore, it was tested whether substitution of lysine at position 409 by arginine or any other amino acid (K409X) could enable IgG1 to engage in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange with IgG1-ITL.
  • FIG. 26A shows the results of bispecific binding upon 2-MEA induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-ITL ⁇ IgG1-7D8-K409X.
  • FIG. 26B the exchange is presented as bispecific binding relative to a purified batch of bispecific antibody derived from a 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-ITL and IgG4-7D8-CPPC, which was set to 100%.
  • These data were also scored as ( ⁇ ) no Fab-arm exchange, (+/ ⁇ ) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange, as presented in Table 1.
  • Fab-arm exchange was found to be intermediate (+) when the 409 position in IgG1-7D8 was F, I, N or Y and high (++) when the 409 position in IgG1-7D8 was A, D, E, G, H, Q, R, S, T, V or W.
  • Example 32 it is described that the F405L mutation is sufficient to enable human IgG1 to engage in Fab-arm-exchange when combined with IgG4-7D8.
  • IgG1 405 position for engagement in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange in combination with human IgG1-K409R
  • all possible IgG1-2F8-F405X mutants were combined with IgG1-7D8-K409R. The procedure was performed with purified antibodies as described in Example 32.
  • Fab-arm exchange was found to be low (+/ ⁇ ) when the 407 position in IgG1-2F8 was D, F, I, S or T and intermediate (+) when the 407 position in IgG1-2F8 was A, H, N or V, and high (++) when the 407 position in IgG1-2F8 was G, L, M or W.
  • Examples 34 and 35 show that certain single mutations at position F405 and Y407 are sufficient to enable human IgG1 to engage in Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R.
  • further determinants implicated in the Fc:Fc interface positions in the CH3 domain may also mediate the Fab-arm exchange mechanism.
  • mutagenesis of the IgG1 368 position was performed and the mutants were tested for engagement in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange in combination with human IgG1-K409R.
  • All possible IgG1-2F8-L368X mutants (with the exception of C and P) were combined with IgG1-7D8-K409R. The procedure was performed with purified antibodies.
  • Fab-arm exchange was found to be intermediate (+) when the 368 position in IgG1-2F8 was K and high (++) when the 368 position in IgG1-2F8 was A, D, E, G, H, I, N, Q, R, S, T, V, or W.
  • Examples 32 to 38 show that certain single mutations at positions F405, Y407, L368, K370 or D399 are sufficient to enable human IgG1 to engage in Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R.
  • further determinants implicated in the Fc:Fc interface positions in the CH3 domain may also mediate the Fab-arm exchange mechanism.
  • mutagenesis of the IgG1 366 position was performed and the mutants were tested for engagement in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange in combination with human IgG1-K409R. All possible IgG1-2F8-T366X mutants (with the exception of C and P) were combined with IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • the procedure was performed with purified antibodies as described in Example 33.
  • Fab-arm exchange was found to be low (+/ ⁇ ) when the 366 position in IgG1-2F8 was F, G, I, L, M or Y, intermediate (+) when the 366 position in IgG1-2F8 was A, D, E, H, N, V or Q.
  • Control groups showed a donor-specific tumor growth inhibition (alloreaction) in the absence of therapeutic antibody with PBMCs from one of the two donors (data not shown). Therefore, data received with PBMCs from that particular donor were excluded from analysis.
  • FIG. 33A shows that tumor growth was inhibited by 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg HER2 ⁇ CD3 N297Q.
  • FIG. 33B shows a Kaplan-Meier plot displaying the percentage of mice with tumors ⁇ 500 mm 3 . Tumor formation is delayed in mice treated with 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg HER2 ⁇ CD3-N297Q bispecific antibody compared to control mice treated with PBS or b12 ⁇ CD3 control antibody.

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Abstract

Bispecific antibodies which comprise one antigen-binding region binding to an epitope of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and one antigen-binding region binding to human CD3, and related antibody-based compositions and molecules, are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibodies and methods for preparing and using the antibodies are also disclosed.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to bispecific antibodies directed to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and cluster determinant 3 (CD3) and to uses of such antibodies, in particular their use in the treatment of cancer.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • HER2 is a 185-kDa cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase and member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family that comprises four distinct receptors: EGFR/ErbB-1, HER2/ErbB-2, HER3/ErbB-3, and HER4/ErbB-4. Both homo- and heterodimers are formed by the four members of the EGFR family, with HER2 being the preferred and most potent dimerization partner for other ErbB receptors (Graus-Porta et al., Embo J 1997; 16:1647-1655; Tao et al., J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3207-3217). HER2 can be activated by overexpression or by heterodimerization with other ErbBs that can be activated by ligand binding (Riese and Stern, Bioessays 1998; 20:41-48). For HER2, no ligand has been identified. HER2 activation leads to receptor phosphorylation, which triggers a cascade of downstream signals through multiple signaling pathways, such as MAPK, phosphoinositol 3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT and PKC, which ultimately results in the regulation of multiple cellular functions, such as growth, survival and differentiation (Huang et al., Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:97-110).
  • Much of the attention on HER2 in tumors has been focused on its role in breast cancer, in which HER2 overexpression is reported in approximately 20% of the cases and is correlated with poor prognosis (Reese et al., Stem Cells 1997; 15:1-8; Andrechek et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:3444-3449; and Slamon et al., Science 1987; 235:177-182). Besides breast cancer, HER2 expression has also been associated with other human carcinoma types, including prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck (Garcia de Palazzo et al., Int J Biol Markers 1993; 8:233-239; Ross et al., Oncologist 2003; 8:307-325; Osman et al., J Urol 2005; 174:2174-2177; Kapitanovic et al., Gastroenterology 1997; 112:1103-1113; Turken et al., Neoplasma 2003; 50:257-261; and Oshima et al., Int J Biol Markers 2001; 16:250-254).
  • Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody directed against domain IV of the HER2 protein, thereby blocking ligand-independent HER2 homodimerization, and to a lesser extend heterodimerization of HER2 with other family members in cells with high HER2 overexpression (Cho et al., Nature 2003; 421:756-760 and Wehrman et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:19063-19068). In cells with modest HER2 expressing levels, trastuzumab was found to inhibit the formation of HER2/EGFR heterodimers (Wehrman et al., (2006), supra; Schmitz et al., Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:659-670). Trastuzumab mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and prevents ectodomain shedding, which would otherwise result in the formation of a truncated constitutively active protein in HER2 overexpressing cells. Also inhibition of both in vitro and in vivo proliferation of tumor cells expressing high levels of HER2 has been reported for trastuzumab (reviewed in Nahta and Esteva, Oncogene 2007; 26:3637-3643). Herceptin® has been approved both for first-line and adjuvant treatment of HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer, either in combination with chemotherapy, or as a single agent following one or more chemotherapy regimens. Trastuzumab has been found to be effective only in 20-50% of HER2 overexpressing breast tumor patients and many of the initial responders show relapse after a few months (Dinh et al., Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2007; 5:707-717).
  • Pertuzumab (Omnitarg™) is another humanized monoclonal antibody. It is directed against domain II of the HER2 protein, resulting in inhibition of ligand-induced heterodimerization (i.e., HER2 dimerizing with another member of the ErbB family to which a ligand has bound); a mechanism reported to not strictly require high HER2 expression levels (Franklin et al., Cancer Cell 2004; 5:317-328.). Although pertuzumab also mediates ADCC, the main mechanism of action of pertuzumab relies on its dimerization blockade (Hughes et al., Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1885-1892). Moreover, pertuzumab was found to enhance EGFR internalization and downregulation by inhibiting the formation of EGFR/HER2 heterodimers, which otherwise tethers EGFR at the plasma membrane (Hughes et al., 2009, supra). This correlates with the observation that EGFR homodimers internalize more efficient than EGFR/HER2 dimers (Pedersen et al., Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:275-284. The complementary mechanisms of action of pertuzumab and trastuzumab reportedly results in enhanced anti-tumor effects and efficacy when combined in patients who progressed during prior trastuzumab therapy (Baselga et al., J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:1138-1144), and a phase III trial to evaluate this antibody combination together with Docetaxel in previously untreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer is underway.
  • An alternative approach to improve targeted antibody therapy is by delivering cytotoxic cells or drugs specifically to the antigen-expressing cancer cells. This concept of using T-cell for efficient killing of tumor cells has been described already in 1985 (Stearz at al. Nature 1985, 314:628-631). For example, the so-called trifunctional antibodies are bispecific antibodies, targeting with one arm the antigen on the tumor cell and with the other arm for instance CD3 on T cells, and provide Fc receptor binding by the Fc region. Upon binding, a complex of T cells, tumor cells and effector cells that bind the antibody Fc domain is formed, leading to killing of the tumor cells (Muller and Kontermann, BioDrugs 2010; 24:89-98.). Ertumaxomab is one such trifunctional antibody against HER2 and CD3, which induces cytotoxicity in cell lines with low HER2 expression and which is in Phase II clinical development in metastatic breast cancer (Jones et al., Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:1179-1187 and Kiewe et al., Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:3085-3091).
  • Alternatively, a complex of T cells and tumor cells are formed, leading to killing of the tumor cells (Muller and Kontermann, BioDrugs 2010; 24:89-98, Baeuerle and Reinhardt 2009, Cancer Research 96: 4941) by an dual targeting antibody fragment (e.g. dual targeting single chain antibodies). Blinatumomab (Bargou et al, Science 2008, 321:974-976) is a single chain antibody construct named BITE which induces cytotoxicity by targeting CD19 and CD3. Other antibody fragment based T-cell engaging bispecifics have been described (Moore et al. 2011, Blood 117:4542-4551, Baeuerle et el. Current opinion in Molecular Therapeutics 2009, 11:22-30).
  • The complex mechanisms regulating the function of HER2 warrant further research on new and optimized therapeutic strategies against this proto-oncogene. Accordingly, there remains a need for effective and safe products for treating HER2-related diseases, such as cancer.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • It is an object of the present invention to provide novel effective bispecific antibodies comprising a first antigen-binding region derived from a HER2 antibody and a second region having a binding specificity for CD3, for medical use. Typically, the second region is an antigen-binding region derived from a CD3 antibody, optionally a known CD3 antibody.
  • As shown herein, the novel bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies are capable of dose-dependent killing of HER2-expressing cells in in vitro cytoxicity assays, effectively prevent tumor growth in vivo, and/or have other advantages over monospecific HER2 or CD3 antibodies. In one aspect, the monospecific HER2 antibodies from which the HER2-binding region is derived exhibit HER2 binding characteristics or variable region sequences that differ from HER2 antibodies described in the art.
  • In preferred embodiments, the bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies of the invention are prepared from HER2 antibodies that are fully human or humanized, bind to novel epitopes, and/or have favorable properties for therapeutic use in human patients. Each Fab-arm of the bispecific antibodies may further include an Fc-region, optionally comprising modifications promoting the formation of the bispecific antibody, modifications affecting Fc-mediated effector functions, and/or other features described herein.
  • These and other aspects of the invention are described in further detail below.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1: Alignment of HER2 HuMab heavy chain variable region (VH) sequences with germline (reference) sequences (A-O). In each VH sequence, the amino acids that differ from those of the germline (reference) at specific positions are highlighted. Consensus VH sequences are shown, where “X” indicates positions at which alternative amino acids (selected from those aligned at each position) are possible. The CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences are underlined in each VH sequence. The consensus CDR sequences are further defined in Table 4.
  • FIG. 2: Alignment of HuMab light chain variable region (VL) sequences with germline (reference) sequences (panels A-H). In each VL sequence, the amino acids that differ from those of the germline (reference) at specific positions are highlighted. In, e.g., FIG. 2A, all VL sequences derived from the same V-segment (IgKV1-12-01), but the closest J-segment differed between antibodies. Consensus VL sequences are shown, where “X” indicates positions at which alternative amino acids (selected from those aligned at the indicated position) are possible. The CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences are underlined in each VL sequence. The consensus CDR sequences are further defined in Table 4.
  • FIG. 3: Binding curves of HER2 antibodies to (A, B, E) high (AU565) and (C, D, F) low (A431) HER2 expressing cell lines, determined as described in Example 12. Data shown are mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of one representative experiment for each cell line. The EC50 values indicate the apparent affinities.
  • FIG. 4: Binding of HER2 antibodies to HER2 expressed on monkey Rhesus epithelial cells. Data shown are mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of one experiment, described in Example 13.
  • FIG. 5: Chromium-release (ADCC) assay of HER2 antibodies, showing PBMC-mediated lysis of 51Cr-labeled SK-BR-3 cells after incubation with HER2 antibody. Values depicted are the mean maximum percentages 51Cr-release±the standard deviation from one representative in vitro ADCC experiment with SK-BR-3 cells. See Example 15 for details.
  • FIG. 6: Effect of HER2 antibodies on the proliferation of AU565 cells, as compared to untreated cells (set to 100%). Data shown are percentages proliferation of AU565 cells compared to untreated cells measured in three independent experiments±the standard deviation. * Significant (P<0.05). See Example 16 for details.
  • FIG. 7: Percentage of viable MCF7 cells stimulated with Heregulin-β1 and treated with the indicated HER2 antibodies, relative to cells stimulated with Heregulin-β1 only. As a control, the percentage proliferation of unstimulated cells is shown (none). Data was obtained from three independent experiments±the stdev. * Significant inhibition of Heregulin-β1-induced proliferation (P<0.05). See Example 17 for details.
  • FIG. 8: ADC assay, showing killing of AU565 cells (A, B) or A431 cells (C, D) via anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies. (A, B) Data shown are fluorescence intensities (FI) of one representative experiment with AU565 cells treated with non-conjugated and anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies. (C, D) Data shown are mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of one representative experiment with A431 cells treated with non-conjugated and anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies. See Example 18 for details.
  • FIG. 9: Binding of bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies to Jurkat cells. All generated bispecific antibodies show binding to Jurkat, albeit with a lower apparent affinity than the monospecific parental antibodies (nomenclature=CD3 clone×HER2 clone).
  • FIG. 10: (A) Dose-dependent simultaneous binding of HER2×CD3 antibodies (HER2 169×huCLB-T3/4) to labeled AU565 cells (CFSE-Y-axis) and Jurkat cells (PKH26-X-asis), thereby creating doublets of interconnected cells as shown by the double-positive cells in FACS dot plot (Q2). (B) Representative examples of FACS experiments showing the double positive events in Q2 (dotted line) representing the cells simultanously bound via the bispecific HER2×CD antibody.
  • FIG. 11: Dose dependent killing of AU565 cells by bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies. Bispecific antibodies were generated from 4 different CD3 antibodies combined with two different HER2 antibodies (169 and 153) or control antibody IgG1 b12. (A) huOKT3, (B) HUM291, (C) YTH12.5 and (D) huCLB-T3/4. See Example 21 for details.
  • FIG. 12: Antibody induced downmodulation of HER2. Relative percentage of HER2 expressed in AU565 cell lysate after 3 days incubation with 10 μg/mL antibody. The amount of HER2 was quantified using a HER2-specific capture ELISA and plotted as a percentage relative to untreated cells. Data shown are mean of three experiments±standard deviation.
  • FIG. 13: Colocalization analysis of HER2 antibodies (FITC) with lysosomal marker LAMP1 (Cy5). FITC pixel intensity overlapping with Cy5 for various monospecific HER2 antibodies. FITC pixel intensity in LAMP1/Cy5 positive pixels of three different images is plotted for each antibody. Group 3 antibodies 098 and 153 show higher FITC pixel intensities in the LAMP1/Cy5 positive compartments compared to antibodies 025 and pertuzumab from Group 2 and 169 and Herceptin® from Group 1.
  • FIG. 14: HER2 antibody binding to CHO-S cells transfected with different HER2 ECD construct analyzed by means of flow cytometry. Hu-HER2=fully human HER2, Hu-HER2-ch(I) CR1=hu-HER2 with chicken domain I, Hu-HER2-ch(II)=hu-HER2 with chicken domain II, hu-HER2-ch(III)=hu-HER2 with chicken domain III and Hu-HER2-ch(IV)=hu-HER2 with chicken domain IV. Data shown are mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of one representative antibody, TH1014-153. See Example 24 for details.
  • FIG. 15: In vivo effect of HER2-HuMabs in the NCI-N87 human gastric carcinoma xenograft model in female CB.17 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Data shown are mean tumorsize±S.E.M. per group (n=10 mice per group) (A, C) and survival (B, D). See Example 25 for details.
  • FIG. 16: In vivo effect of HER2 HuMabs in BT-474 breast tumor xenografts in Balb/C nude mice. Data shown are mean tumorsize±S.E.M. per group (n=8 mice per group) (A) and survival (B). See Example 26 for details.
  • FIG. 17: Non-specific Fc-mediated killing in a cytotoxic assay with PBMCs can be further reduced using antibodies with a modified Fc region (LFLEDANQPS), whereas non-glycosylation via N297Q alone does not completely remove this activity. These mutations do no compromise the specific killing activity of bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody. See Example 27 for details.
  • FIG. 18: Location of HER2 epitope has a strong effect on the efficacy of the HER2×CD3 antibodies as shown by comparison studies of three mAbs combined with the same anti-CD3 antibody (huCLB-T3/4) in cytoxicity assays with either T-cells (A) or PBMCs (B) as effector cells.
  • FIG. 19: T cell cytotoxicity assay using target cell lines with various HER2 expression levels. Shown is the percentage of viable cells after three days incubation with T cells in the presence of HER2×CD3 bispecific antibody. The efficacy positively correlated with the expression levels, as the cells with the highest expression were killed at the lowest antibody concentrations.
  • FIG. 20: CD69 expression of T cells co-cultured with AU565 tumor cells in the presence of bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody and monospecific controls.
  • FIG. 21: CD69 expression of T cells in PBMC pool treated with different Fc variants of DuoBody HER2 169×huCLBT3/4 in the absence of tumor cells.
  • FIG. 22: Cytokine profile resulting from incubation of PBMCs or T-cells with DuoBody huCLB T3/4-Q×HER2-169-Q (CD3-Q/169Q) antibodies and HER2 positive tumor cells.
  • FIG. 23: GM-CSF production as a measure for T cell activation by bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies and the contribution of non-specific Fc mediated activation.
  • FIG. 24: Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of HER2×CD3 bispecific mAb in a subcutaneous xenograft model with HER2 expressing tumor cell line and human PBMCs. In (A), tumor development (mean & SEM) in mice with NCI-N87 S.C. xenografts and S.C. human PBMCs treated with bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies is shown. Three dosing schedules were being compared, and the lowest dose appeared to be most effective. In (B) the percentage surviving mice (with tumor sizes smaller then 500 mm3) is shown in a Kaplan-Meier plot.
  • FIG. 25: Comparison between triple mutant (ITL), double mutants (IT, IL, TL) and single mutant (L) human IgG1-2F8 in the generation of bispecific antibodies by Fab-arm exchange with human IgG4-7D8. The generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between the human IgG1-2F8 triple and double mutants and wild type IgG4-7D8 with a CPSC hinge (A) or mutant IgG4-7D8-CPPC with a stabilized hinge (B), or the single mutant IgG1-2F8-F405L and IgG4-7D8 with a wild type CPSC or stabilized CPPC hinge (C), was determined by an ELISA. A concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 μg/mL or 0-10 μg/mL was analyzed in the ELISA for the experiments including the double and single mutants, respectively. Combinations with the double mutants IgG1-2F8-IL and -TL result in bispecific EGFR/CD20 binding similar as the triple mutant IgG1-ITL. Combinations with the IgG1-2F8-IT do not result in a bispecific product. Combinations with the single mutant IgG1-2F8-F405L result in bispecific EGFR/CD20 binding.
  • FIG. 26: 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-ITL and IgG1-7D8-K409X mutants. The generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-ITL and the indicated IgG1-7D8-K409X mutants was determined by an ELISA. (A) A concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 μg/mL was analyzed. The positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-ITL×IgG4-7D8-CPPC. (B) The exchange is presented as bispecific binding at 20 μg/mL relative to the positive control (black bar). Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8×IgG4-2F8), the negative control (IgG1-2F8×IgG1-7D8-K409R) and between IgG1-2F8-ITL and IgG4-7D8-CPPC. Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-7D8-K409X mutants and IgG1-2F8-ITL.
  • FIG. 27: 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-F405X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R. The generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm-exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-F405X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA. (A) A concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 μg/mL was analyzed in the ELISA. The positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-F405L×IgG1-7D8-K409R. (B) The exchange is presented as bispecific binding at 20 μg/mL antibody concentration relative to the positive control (black bar). Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8×IgG4-2F8) and the negative control (IgG1-2F8×IgG1-7D8-K409R). Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-2F8-F405X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R or controls.
  • FIG. 28: 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-Y407X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R. The generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm-exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-Y407X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA. (A) A concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 μg/mL was analyzed in the ELISA. The positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-F405L×IgG1-7D8-K409R. (B) The exchange is presented as bispecific binding at 20 μg/mL antibody concentration relative to the positive control (black bar). Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8×IgG4-2F8) and the negative control (IgG1-2F8×IgG1-7D8-K409R). Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-2F8-Y407X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R or controls.
  • FIG. 29: Generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-L368X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA using a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 μg/mL (A). The positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-F405L×IgG1-7D8-K409R. (B) Bispecific binding at 20 μg/mL relative to the positive control (black bar). Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8×IgG4-2F8) and the negative control (IgG1-2F8×IgG1-7D8-K409R). Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-2F8-L368X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • FIG. 30: Generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-K370X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA using a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 μg/mL (A). The positive control is a purified batch of bispecific antibody, derived from IgG1-2F8-F405L×IgG1-7D8-K409R. (B) Bispecific binding at 20 μg/mL relative to the positive control (black bar). Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8×IgG4-2F8) and the negative control (IgG1-2F8×IgG1-7D8-K409R). Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-2F8-D370X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • FIG. 31: Generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-D399X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA using a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 μg/mL (A). (B) Bispecific binding at 20 μg/mL antibody concentration relative to the positive control (black bar). Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8×IgG4-2F8) and the negative control (IgG1-2F8×IgG1-7D8-K409R). Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-2F8-D399X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • FIG. 32: Generation of bispecific antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange between the indicated IgG1-2F8-T366X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R was determined by an ELISA using a concentration series (total antibody) of 0-20 μg/mL (A). (B) The bispecific binding at 20 fag/mL antibody concentration relative to the positive control (black bar). Dark grey bars represents the bispecific binding between the IgG4 control (IgG4-7D8×IgG4-2F8) and the negative control (IgG1-2F8×IgG1-7D8-K409R). Light grey bars represent results from simultaneously performed Fab-arm-exchange reactions between the indicated IgG1-2F8-T366X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R.
  • FIG. 33: Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of HER2×CD3 bispecific mAb in a subcutaneous xenograft model with an HER2 expressing tumor cell line and human PBMCs. In (A), tumor development (mean & SEM) in mice with NCI-N87 s.c. xenografts and s.c. human PBMCs treated with bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies is shown. Different dosing schedules were being compared, and 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg appeared to be effective. In (B), the percentage mice with tumor sizes smaller then 500 mm3 is shown in a Kaplan-Meier plot.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions
  • The term “HER2” (also known as ErbB-2, NEU, HER-2, and CD340), when used herein, refers to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (SwissProt P04626) and includes any variants, isoforms and species homologs of HER2 which are naturally expressed by cells, including tumor cells, or are expressed on cells transfected with the HER2 gene or cDNA. Species homologs include rhesus monkey HER2 (macaca mulatta; Genbank accession No. GI:109114897).
  • The term “CD3” refers to the human CD3 protein complex, which is composed of six distinct chains (a CD3γ chain (SwissProt P09693), a CD3δ chain (SwissProt P04234), two CD3ε chains (SwissProt P07766), and one CD3 zeta chain homodimer (SwissProt P20963) (ε γ: ε δ:ζζ), and which is associated with the T cell receptor α and β chain. The term includes any CD3 variants, isoforms and species homologs which are naturally expressed by cells, including T cells, or are expressed on cells transfected with genes or cDNA encoding the aforementioned chains.
  • The term “immunoglobulin” refers to a class of structurally related glycoproteins consisting of two pairs of polypeptide chains, one pair of light (L) low molecular weight chains and one pair of heavy (H) chains, all four inter-connected by disulfide bonds. The structure of immunoglobulins has been well characterized. See for instance Fundamental Immunology Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., 2nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. (1989)). Briefly, each heavy chain typically is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VH or VH) and a heavy chain constant region. The heavy chain constant region typically is comprised of three domains, C H1, C H2, and C H3. Each light chain typically is comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VL or VL) and a light chain constant region. The light chain constant region typically is comprised of one domain, CL. The VH and VL regions may be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability (or hypervariable regions which may be hypervariable in sequence and/or form of structurally defined loops), also termed complementarity determining regions (CDRs), interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FRs). Each VH and VL is typically composed of three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4 (see also Chothia and Lesk J. Mol. Biol. 196, 901-917 (1987)). Unless otherwise stated or contradicted by context, CDR sequences herein are identified according to IMGT rules (Brochet X., Nucl Acids Res. 2008; 36:W503-508 and Lefranc M P., Nucleic Acids Research 1999; 27:209-212; see also internet http address imgt.cines.fr/IMGT_vquest/vquest?livret=0&Option=humanIg. However, the numbering of amino acid residues in an antibody sequence can also be performed by the method described in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991) (phrases such as “variable domain residue numbering as in Kabat”, “Kabat position” or “according to Kabat” herein refer to this numbering system). Particularly, for numbering of amino acids in the constant region, the EU index numbering system (Kabat et al, supra), can be used. The Kabat numbering of residues may be determined for a given antibody as described in Kabat et al., supra.
  • In the present invention reference to amino acid positions is, unless contradicted by the context, according to the EU-index as described in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991).
  • The term “antibody” (Ab) in the context of the present invention refers to an immunoglobulin molecule, a fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule, or a derivative of either thereof, which has the ability to specifically bind to an antigen under typical physiological conditions with a half life of significant periods of time, such as at least about 30 minutes, at least about 45 minutes, at least about one hour, at least about two hours, at least about four hours, at least about 8 hours, at least about 12 hours, about 24 hours or more, about 48 hours or more, about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more days, etc., or any other relevant functionally-defined period (such as a time sufficient to induce, promote, enhance, and/or modulate a physiological response associated with antibody binding to the antigen and/or time sufficient for the antibody to recruit an effector activity). The variable regions of the heavy and light chains of the immunoglobulin molecule contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen. The constant regions of the antibodies (Abs) may mediate the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (such as effector cells) and components of the complement system such as C1q, the first component in the classical pathway of complement activation. A HER2 antibody may also be a multispecific antibody, such as a bispecific antibody, diabody, or similar molecule (see for instance PNAS USA 90(14), 6444-8 (1993) for a description of diabodies). Indeed, bispecific antibodies, diabodies, and the like, provided by the present invention may bind any suitable target in addition to a portion of HER2. As indicated above, the term antibody herein, unless otherwise stated or clearly contradicted by context, includes fragments of an antibody that are antigen-binding fragments, i.e., retain the ability to specifically bind to the antigen. It has been shown that the antigen-binding function of an antibody may be performed by fragments of a full-length antibody. Examples of antigen-binding fragments encompassed within the term “antibody” include (i) a Fab′ or Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and C H1 domains, or a monovalent antibody as described in WO2007059782 (Genmab); (ii) F(ab′)2 fragments, bivalent fragments comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting essentially of the VH and C H1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting essentially of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., Nature 341, 544-546 (1989)), which consists essentially of a VH domain and also called domain antibodies (Holt et al; Trends Biotechnol. 2003 Nov.; 21(11):484-90); (vi) camelid or nanobodies (Revets et al; Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2005 Jan.; 5(1):111-24) and (vii) an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR). Furthermore, although the two domains of the Fv fragment, VL and VH, are coded for by separate genes, they may be joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain in which the VL and VH regions pair to form monovalent molecules (known as single chain antibodies or single chain Fv (scFv), see for instance Bird et al., Science 242, 423-426 (1988) and Huston et al., PNAS USA 85, 5879-5883 (1988)). Such single chain antibodies are encompassed within the term antibody unless otherwise noted or clearly indicated by context. Although such fragments are generally included within the meaning of antibody, they collectively and each independently are unique features of the present invention, exhibiting different biological properties and utility. These and other useful antibody fragments in the context of the present invention, as well as bispecific formats of such fragments, are discussed further herein. It also should be understood that the term antibody, unless specified otherwise, also includes polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-like polypeptides, such as chimeric antibodies and humanized antibodies, and antibody fragments retaining the ability to specifically bind to the antigen (antigen-binding fragments) provided by any known technique, such as enzymatic cleavage, peptide synthesis, and recombinant techniques. An antibody as generated can possess any isotype.
  • The term “bispecific antibody” is in the context of the present invention to be understood as an antibody having two different antigen-binding regions defined by different antibody sequences. This can be understood as different target binding but includes as well binding to different epitopes in one target.
  • The term “bispecific antibody” is in the context of the present invention to be understood as an antibody with two different antigen-binding regions (based on sequence information). This can mean different target binding but includes as well binding to different epitopes in one target.
  • When used herein, unless contradicted by context, the term “Fab-arm” or “arm” refers to one heavy chain-light chain pair.
  • When used herein, unless contradicted by context, the term “Fc region” refers to an antibody region comprising at least a hinge region, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain.
  • As used herein, “isotype” refers to the immunoglobulin class (for instance IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgD, IgA, IgE, or IgM) that is encoded by heavy chain constant region genes.
  • The term “monovalent antibody” means in the context of the present invention that an antibody molecule is capable of binding a single molecule of the antigen, and thus is not able of antigen crosslinking.
  • An “antibody deficient in effector function” or an “effector-function-deficient antibody” refers to an antibody which has a significantly reduced or no ability to activate one or more effector mechanisms, such as complement activation or Fc receptor binding. Thus, effector-function deficient antibodies have significantly reduced or no ability to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). An example of such an antibody is IgG4. Another example is the introduction of mutations in Fc-region which can strongly reduce the interaction with complement proteins and Fc-receptors. See, for example, Bolt S et al., Eur J Immunol 1993, 23:403-411; Oganesyan, Acta Crys. 2008, D64, 700-704; and Shields et al., JBC 2001, 276: 6591-6604.
  • A “HER2 antibody” or “anti-HER2 antibody” is an antibody as described above, which binds specifically to the antigen HER2.
  • A “HER2×CD3 antibody” or “anti-HER2×CD3 antibody” is a multispecific antibody, optionally a bispecific antibody, which comprises two different antigen-binding regions, one of which binds specifically to the antigen HER2 and one of which binds specifically to CD3.
  • The term “human antibody”, as used herein, is intended to include antibodies having variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. The human antibodies of the invention may include amino acid residues not encoded by human germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo). However, the term “human antibody”, as used herein, is not intended to include antibodies in which CDR sequences derived from the germline of another mammalian species, such as a mouse, have been grafted onto human framework sequences.
  • As used herein, a human antibody is “derived from” a particular germline sequence if the antibody is obtained from a system using human immunoglobulin sequences, for instance by immunizing a transgenic mouse carrying human immunoglobulin genes or by screening a human immunoglobulin gene library, and wherein the selected human antibody is at least 90%, such as at least 95%, for instance at least 96%, such as at least 97%, for instance at least 98%, or such as at least 99% identical in amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequence encoded by the germline immunoglobulin gene. Typically, outside the heavy chain CDR3, a human antibody derived from a particular human germline sequence will display no more than 20 amino acid differences, e.g. no more than 10 amino acid differences, such as no more than 9, 8, 7, 6 or 5, for instance no more than 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid difference from the amino acid sequence encoded by the germline immunoglobulin gene.
  • When used herein, the term “heavy chain antibody” or “heavy-chain antibody” refers to an antibody which consists only of two heavy chains and lacks the two light chains usually found in antibodies. Heavy chain antibodies, which naturally occur in e.g. camelids, can bind antigens despite their lack of VL domains.
  • In a preferred embodiment, the antibody of the invention is isolated. An “isolated antibody,” as used herein, is intended to refer to an antibody which is substantially free of other antibodies having different antigenic specificities (for instance an isolated antibody that specifically binds to HER2 is substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other than HER2). An isolated antibody that specifically binds to an epitope, isoform or variant of HER2 may, however, have cross-reactivity to other related antigens, for instance from other species (such as HER2 species homologs). Moreover, an isolated antibody may be substantially free of other cellular material and/or chemicals. In one embodiment of the present invention, two or more “isolated” monoclonal antibodies having different antigen-binding specificities are combined in a well-defined composition.
  • When used herein in the context of two or more antibodies, the term “competes with” or “cross-competes with” indicates that the two or more antibodies compete for binding to HER2, e.g. compete for HER2 binding in the assay described in Example 14. An antibody “blocks” or “cross-blocks” one or more other antibodies from binding to HER2 if the antibody competes with the one or more other antibodies 25% or more, with 25%-74% representing “partial block” and 75%-100% representing “full block”, preferably as determined using the assay of Example 14. For some pairs of antibodies, competition or blocking in the assay of the Examples is only observed when one antibody is coated on the plate and the other is used to compete, and not vice versa. Unless otherwise defined or negated by context, the terms “competes with”, “cross-competes with”, “blocks” or “cross-blocks” when used herein is also intended to cover such pairs of antibodies.
  • The term “epitope” means a protein determinant capable of specific binding to an antibody. Epitopes usually consist of surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and usually have specific three dimensional structural characteristics, as well as specific charge characteristics. Conformational and nonconformational epitopes are distinguished in that the binding to the former but not the latter is lost in the presence of denaturing solvents. The epitope may comprise amino acid residues directly involved in the binding and other amino acid residues, which are not directly involved in the binding, such as amino acid residues which are effectively blocked or covered by the specifically antigen binding peptide (in other words, the amino acid residue is within the footprint of the specifically antigen binding peptide).
  • The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to a preparation of antibody molecules of single molecular composition. A monoclonal antibody composition displays a single binding specificity and affinity for a particular epitope. Accordingly, the term “human monoclonal antibody” refers to antibodies displaying a single binding specificity which have variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. The human monoclonal antibodies may be generated by a hybridoma which includes a B cell obtained from a transgenic or transchromosomal nonhuman animal, such as a transgenic mouse, having a genome comprising a human heavy chain transgene and a light chain transgene, fused to an immortalized cell.
  • As used herein, the term “binding” in the context of the binding of an antibody to a predetermined antigen or epitope typically is a binding with an affinity corresponding to a KD of about 10−7 M or less, such as about 10−−8 M or less, such as about 10−9 M or less, about 10−10 M or less, or about 10−11 M or even less when determined by for instance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology in a BIAcore 3000 instrument using the antigen as the ligand and the antibody as the analyte, and binds to the predetermined antigen with an affinity corresponding to a KD that is at least ten-fold lower, such as at least 100 fold lower, for instance at least 1,000 fold lower, such as at least 10,000 fold lower, for instance at least 100,000 fold lower than its affinity for binding to a non-specific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined antigen or a closely-related antigen. The amount with which the affinity is lower is dependent on the KD of the antibody, so that when the KD of the antibody is very low (that is, the antibody is highly specific), then the amount with which the affinity for the antigen is lower than the affinity for a non-specific antigen may be at least 10,000 fold.
  • The term “kd” (sec−1), as used herein, refers to the dissociation rate constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction. Said value is also referred to as the koff value.
  • The term “ka” (M−1×sec−1), as used herein, refers to the association rate constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction.
  • The term “KD” (M), as used herein, refers to the dissociation equilibrium constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction.
  • The term “KA” (M−1), as used herein, refers to the association equilibrium constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction and is obtained by dividing the ka by the kd.
  • When used herein the term “heterodimeric interaction between the first and second CH3 regions” refers to the interaction between the first CH3 region and the second CH3 region in a first-CH3/second-CH3 heterodimeric protein.
  • When used herein the term “homodimeric interactions of the first and second CH3 regions” refers to the interaction between a first CH3 region and another first CH3 region in a first-CH3/first-CH3 homodimeric protein and the interaction between a second CH3 region and another second CH3 region in a second-CH3/second-CH3 homodimeric protein.
  • The term “reducing conditions” or “reducing environment” refers to a condition or an environment in which a substrate, here a cysteine residue in the hinge region of an antibody, is more likely to become reduced than oxidized.
  • As used herein, the term “inhibits proliferation” (e.g. referring to cells, such as tumor cells) is intended to include any substantial decrease in the cell proliferation when contacted with a HER2 antibody as compared to the proliferation of the same cells not in contact with a HER2 antibody, e.g., the inhibition of proliferation of a cell culture by at least about 10%, at least about 20% or at least about 30%, or at least as much as a reference antibody such as trastuzumab, e.g., as determined by an assay in the Examples, e.g. Example 16.
  • As used herein, the term “promotes proliferation” (e.g. referring to cells, such as tumor cells) is intended to include any substantial increase in the cell proliferation when contacted with a HER2 antibody as compared to the proliferation of the same cells not in contact with a HER2 antibody, e.g., the promotion of proliferation of a cell culture by at least about 10%, at least about 20% or at least about 30%, or at least as much as a reference antibody as F5, e.g., as determined by an assay in the Examples.
  • As used herein, the term “internalization”, when used in the context of a HER2 antibody includes any mechanism by which the antibody is internalized into a HER2-expressing cell from the cell-surface and/or from surrounding medium, e.g., via endocytosis. The internalization of an antibody can be evaluated using a direct assay measuring the amount of internalized antibody (such as, e.g., the fab-CypHer5E assay described in Example 19), or an indirect assay where the effect of an internalized antibody-toxin conjugate is measured (such as, e.g., the anti-kappa-ETA assay of Example 18).
  • The present invention also provides antibodies comprising functional variants of the VL region, VH region, or one or more CDRs of the antibodies of the examples. A functional variant of a VL, VH, or CDR used in the context of a HER2 antibody still allows the antibody to retain at least a substantial proportion (at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or more) of the affinity/avidity and/or the specificity/selectivity of the parent antibody and in some cases such a HER2 antibody may be associated with greater affinity, selectivity and/or specificity than the parent antibody.
  • Such functional variants typically retain significant sequence identity to the parent antibody. The percent identity between two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences (i.e., % homology=# of identical positions/total # of positions ×100), taking into account the number of gaps, and the length of each gap, which need to be introduced for optimal alignment of the two sequences. The percent identity between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences may e.g. be determined using the algorithm of E. Meyers and W. Miller, Comput. Appl. Biosci 4, 11-17 (1988) which has been incorporated into the ALIGN program (version 2.0), using a PAM120 weight residue table, a gap length penalty of 12 and a gap penalty of 4. In addition, the percent identity between two amino acid sequences may be determined using the Needleman and Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48, 444-453 (1970) algorithm.
  • Exemplary variants include those which differ from a parent antibody VH and/or VL sequence shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 at one or more “variant” amino acid positions, denoted “X” in the corresponding consensus sequence. Preferred variants are those in which the new amino acid is selected from those at the corresponding position in one of the aligned sequences in FIG. 1 or 2 (for details on CDR sequence variants, see Table 4). Alternatively or additionally, the sequence of VH, VL or CDR variants may differ from the sequence of the VH, VL or CDR of the parent antibody sequences mainly by conservative substitutions; for instance at least 10, such as at least 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 of the substitutions in the variant are conservative amino acid residue replacements.
  • In the context of the present invention, conservative substitutions may be defined by substitutions within the classes of amino acids reflected in the following table:
  • Amino acid residue classes for conservative substitutions
    Acidic Residues Asp (D) and Glu (E)
    Basic Residues Lys (K), Arg (R), and His (H)
    Hydrophilic Uncharged Residues Ser (S), Thr (T), Asn (N), and
    Gln (Q)
    Aliphatic Uncharged Residues Gly (G), Ala (A), Val (V), Leu (L),
    and Ile (I)
    Non-polar Uncharged Residues Cys (C), Met (M), and Pro (P)
    Aromatic Residues Phe (F), Tyr (Y), and Trp (W)
  • In the context of the present invention the following notations are, unless otherwise indicated, used to describe a mutation; i) substitution of an amino acid in a given position is written as e.g. K405R which means a substitution of a Lysine in position 405 with an Arginine; and ii) for specific variants the specific three or one letter codes are used, including the codes Xaa and X to indicate any amino acid residue. Thus, the substitution of Arginine for Lysine in position 405 is designated as: K405R, or the substitution of any amino acid residue for Lysine in position 405 is designated as K405X. In case of deletion of Lysine in position 405 it is indicated by K405*.
  • The term “recombinant host cell” (or simply “host cell”), as used herein, is intended to refer to a cell into which an expression vector has been introduced, e.g. an expression vector encoding an antibody of the invention. Recombinant host cells include, for example, transfectomas, such as CHO cells, HEK293 cells, NS/0 cells, and lymphocytic cells.
  • The term “transgenic non-human animal” refers to a non-human animal having a genome comprising one or more human heavy and/or light chain transgenes or transchromosomes (either integrated or non-integrated into the animal's natural genomic DNA) and which is capable of expressing fully human antibodies. For example, a transgenic mouse can have a human light chain transgene and either a human heavy chain transgene or human heavy chain transchromosome, such that the mouse produces human HER2 antibodies when immunized with HER2 antigen and/or cells expressing HER2. The human heavy chain transgene may be integrated into the chromosomal DNA of the mouse, as is the case for transgenic mice, for instance HuMAb® mice, such as HCo7, HCo12, or HCo17 mice, or the human heavy chain transgene may be maintained extrachromosomally, as is the case for transchromosomal KM mice as described in WO02/43478. Similar mice, having a larger human Ab gene repertoire, include HCo7 and HCo20 (see e.g. WO2009097006). Such transgenic and transchromosomal mice (collectively referred to herein as “transgenic mice”) are capable of producing multiple isotypes of human monoclonal antibodies to a given antigen (such as IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and/or IgE) by undergoing V-D-J recombination and isotype switching. Transgenic, nonhuman animal can also be used for production of antibodies against a specific antigen by introducing genes encoding such specific antibody, for example by operatively linking the genes to a gene which is expressed in the milk of the animal.
  • “Treatment” refers to the administration of an effective amount of a therapeutically active compound of the present invention with the purpose of easing, ameliorating, arresting or eradicating (curing) symptoms or disease states.
  • An “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve a desired therapeutic result. A therapeutically effective amount of a HER2 antibody may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the HER2 antibody to elicit a desired response in the individual. A therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the antibody or antibody portion are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects.
  • An “anti-idiotypic” antibody is an antibody which recognizes unique determinants generally associated with the antigen-binding site of an antibody.
    • Further Aspects and Embodiments of the Invention
  • As described above, the invention relates to a bispecific antibody comprising two different antigen-binding regions, one which has a binding specificity for HER2 and one which has a binding specificity for CD3.
  • In one aspect, the invention relates to a bispecific molecule comprising a first antigen binding region from a HER2 antibody described herein and a second antigen binding region from a CD3 antibody described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the HER2 antigen-binding region is from a HER2 antibody which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody from cross-block group 1, described herein. In a specific embodiment, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody of cross-block group 1, as described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the HER2 antigen-binding region is from a HER2 antibody which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody from cross-block group 2, described herein. In a specific embodiment, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody of cross-block group 2, as described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the HER2 antigen-binding region is from a HER2 antibody which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody from cross-block group 3, described herein. In a specific embodiment, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody of cross-block group 3, as described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the HER2 antigen-binding region is from a HER2 antibody which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody from cross-block group 4, described herein. In a specific embodiment, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody of cross-block group 4, as described herein.
  • In a particular embodiment, the bispecific antibody of any one of the preceding embodiments comprises an antigen-binding region which cross-blocks or binds to the same epitope as a reference CD3 antibody comprising the VH and VL regions of CD3 antibody YTH12.5, HUM291 (also known as visilizumab), huOKT3-C114S-gLC (related to teplizumab), all known in the art, or comprising the VH and VL regions of CD3 antibody huCLB-T3/4, which represents a humanized variant of CLB-T3/4. Further details on these CD3 antibodies are provided in Example 21. In another particular embodiment, the bispecific antibody of any one of the preceding embodiments comprises an antigen-binding region from an antibody selected from YTH12.5, HUM291 huOKT3-C114S-gLC and huCLB-T3/4.
  • Thus, the bispecifc antibody of the present invention may comprise a first antigen-binding region and a second antigen-binding region, which first antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and which second antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human CD3.
    • Antibodies and Antigen-Binding Regions
  • The bispecific antibody of the present invention comprises two different antigen-binding regions which bind HER2 and CD3, respectively. Furthermore, as described below one method of producing a bispecific antibody of the present invention is based on incubating a first HER2 antibody and a second CD3 antibody under reducing conditions.
  • Antigen-binding regions binding to HER2 antibodies of the present invention may belong to any of cross-block groups 1, 2, 3 and 4. In the following examples of such antigen-binding regions bind to HER2 belonging to cross-block groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 are given, and reference to “antigen-binding region” in this context is intended to include both an antigen-binding region of a bispecific antibody of the present invention, e.g. a first antigen-binding region, and first HER2 antibody.
  • In a further or alternative embodiment of the present invention, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region of one or more of the human antibodies of cross-blocks 1, 2, 3, or 4, which blocks the binding to HER2.
  • In a further or alternative embodiment of the present invention, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which blocks the binding to the same epitope on soluble HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-blocks 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • In a further or alternative embodiment of the present invention, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which binds to the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-blocks 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • Thus, the bispecific antibody of the present invention may comprise a first antigen-binding region and a second antigen-binding region, which first and second antigen-binding regions bind different epitopes, and wherein the first antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).
  • The first antigen-binding region of the bispecific antibody of the present invention may be an antigen-binding region from any of cross-block groups 1, 2, 3, and 4.
    • Cross-Block Group 1
  • In one aspect, the bispecific antibody of the invention comprises an antigen-binding region which blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-block group 1 described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region cross-blocks the binding to soluble HER2 of trastuzumab, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 (050).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (084).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:77 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:78 (049);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:79 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:80 (051);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:82 (055);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:83 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:84 (123);
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:85 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:86 (161); and
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:87 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:88 (124).
  • In another additional or alternative aspect of the bispecific antibody of the invention, one antigen-binding region binds to HER2 and comprises a VH CDR3, VH region and/or VL region sequence similar or identical to such a sequence of an antibody described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region having a sequence selected from the group consisting of
  • SEQ ID NO:11 (050, 049, 051, 055), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV3-21-1 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID No:130, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 (084), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-69-04 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:133 (169, 123, 161, 124), such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 (169), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-18-1 germline sequence; or
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 123, 161, or 124, as shown in FIG. 1, optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-18-1 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of
      • a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:9, 127 and 11, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 9, 10 and 11 (050); optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-23-1 germline;
      • b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:128, 129 and 130, such the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:16, 17 and 18, respectively (084), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-69-04 germline; and
      • c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:131, 132, and 133, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4 (169), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-18-1 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiments (a) or (b) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:13, XAS (wherein X is A or V), and SEQ ID No:155, respectively, such as a CDR1 sequence selected from SEQ ID Nos: 13 or 20, a CDR2 which is AAS or VAS, and a CDR3 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs:14 and 21 (050, 084); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1-12-01 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (c) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:6, DXS (wherein X=A or T), and SEQ ID NO:156 (169), respectively, optionally wherein the VL region is derived from IgKV3-11-01.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:2, 3 and 4, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:6, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively (169).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:9, 10 and 11, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:13, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:14, respectively (050).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:16, 17 and 18, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:20, VAS, and SEQ ID NO:21, respectively (084).
  • In separate embodiments, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and, optionally, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 (050);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (084);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:77 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:78 (049);
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:79 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:80 (051);
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:82 (055);
      • g) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:83 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:84 (123);
      • h) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:85 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:86 (161);
      • i) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:87 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:88 (124); and/or
      • j) a variant of any of said antibodies, wherein said variant preferably has at most 1, 2 or 3 amino-acid modifications, more preferably amino-acid substitutions, such as conservative amino acid substitutions and substitutions where the new amino acid is one at the same position in an aligned sequence in FIG. 1 or 2, particularly at positions indicated by “X” in the corresponding consensus sequence.
    Cross-Block Group 2
  • In one aspect of the antibody of the invention, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-block group 2 described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region cross-blocks the binding to soluble HER2 of pertuzumab, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (025).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 (129).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:89 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:90 (001);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:91 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:92 (143);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:93 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:94 (019);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:95 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:96 (021);
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:97 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:98 (027);
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:99 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:100 (032)
      • g) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:101 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:102 (035);
      • h) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:103 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:104 (036);
      • i) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:105 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:106 (054); and
      • j) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:107 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:108 (094).
  • In another additional or alternative aspect of the bispecific antibody of the invention, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3, VH region and/or VL region sequence similar or identical to a sequence of the novel antibodies described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region having a sequence selected from the group consisting of
  • SEQ ID NO:136, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:25 (025), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV4-34-1 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:139, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 (091), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV4-34-01 germline sequence; and
  • SEQ ID NO:142, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:38 (129), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV3-30-01 germline sequence.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 001, 143, 019, 021, 027, 032, 035, 036, 054 or 094 as shown in FIG. 1, optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV4-34-1 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of
      • a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:134, 135 and 136, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 23, 24 and 25 (025); optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV4-34-1 germline;
      • b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:137, 138 and 139, such the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:30, 163, and 31, respectively (091), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV4-34-01 germline; and
      • c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:140, 141 and 142, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37 and 38 (129), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-30-01 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiment (a) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:157, AAS, and SEQ ID No:164, respectively, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID Nos:27, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:28 (025); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1D-16-01 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiment (b) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:33, AX1X2 (wherein X1 is A or T, preferably A; and X2 is S or F, preferably S), and SEQ ID No:158, respectively, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID Nos:33, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:34 (091); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1D-16-01 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (c) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:40, DAS and SEQ ID NO:41 (129), respectively, optionally wherein the VL region is derived from IgKV3-11-01.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:23, 24 and 25, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:27, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:28, respectively (025).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:30, 163 and 31, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:33, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:34, respectively (091).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:36, 37 and 38, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:40, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:41, respectively (129).
  • In separate embodiments, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and, optionally, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (025);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 (129);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:89 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:90 (001);
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:91 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:92 (143);
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:93 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:94 (019);
      • g) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:95 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:96 (021);
      • h) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:97 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:98 (027);
      • i) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:99 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:100 (032);
      • j) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:101 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:102 (035);
      • k) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:103 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:104 (036);
      • l) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:105 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:106 (054);
      • m) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:106 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:108 (094); and/or
      • n) a variant of any of said antibodies, wherein said variant preferably has at most 1, 2 or 3 amino-acid modifications, more preferably amino-acid substitutions, such as conservative amino acid substitutions and substitutions where the new amino acid is one at the same position in an aligned sequence in FIG. 1 or 2, particularly at positions indicated by “X” in the corresponding consensus sequence.
    Cross-Block Group 3
  • In one aspect of the bispecific antibody of the invention, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the human antibodies of cross-block group 3 described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region cross-blocks the binding to soluble HER2 of F5 and/or C1, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 (127).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 (159).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:56 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:60 (098).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:74 (132).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2, e.g. soluble HER2, or binds to the same epitope as a reference antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:109 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:110 (105);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:111 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:112 (100);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:113 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:114 (125);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:115 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:116 (162);
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:117 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:118 (033);
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:119 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:120 (160)
      • g) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:121 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:122 (166);
      • h) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:123 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:124 (152); and
      • i) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:125 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:126 (167).
  • In another additional or alternative aspect of the bispecific antibody of the invention, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3, VH region and/or VL region sequence similar or identical to a sequence of the novel antibodies described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region having a sequence selected from the group consisting of
  • SEQ ID NO:148, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:48 (127), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV5-51-01 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:52 (159), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV5-51-01 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:145, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:59 (098), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV3-23-01 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:154, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:66 (153), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV3-30-03-01 germline sequence; and
  • SEQ ID NO:151, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:73 (132), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-18-01 germline sequence.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 105, 100, 125 or 162 as shown in FIG. 1, optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-23-1 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 033, 160, 166, 152 or 167 as shown in FIG. 1, optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-30-3-01 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of
      • a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:146, 147 and 148, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 43, 44 and 45 (127); optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV5-51-01 germline;
      • b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:149, 51 and 52, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:50, 51 and 52, respectively (159), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV5-51-01 germline;
      • c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:143, 144 and 145, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 57, 58 and 59 (098), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-23-01 germline;
      • d) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:152, 153 and 154, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:64, 65 and 66, respectively (153), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-30-03-01 germline; and
      • e) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:71, 150 and 151, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 71, 72 and 73 (132), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-18-01 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiment (a) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:47, AAS and SEQ ID NO:48, respectively (127); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1D-8-01 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiment (b) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:54, AAS, and SEQ ID No:55 (159); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV1D-16-01 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (c) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:159, AAS and SEQ ID NO:160, respectively, such as the VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 61, AAS and SEQ ID NO:62 (098), optionally wherein the VL region is derived from IgKV1D-16-01.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (d) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:161, XAS (wherein X=D or A, preferably D), and SEQ ID NO:162 (153), respectively, such as the VL CDR sequences of SEQ ID NO:68, DAS, and 69, optionally wherein the VL region is derived from IgKV1D-16-01.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (e) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:75, DAS and SEQ ID NO:76 (132), respectively, optionally wherein the VL region is derived from IgKV3-11-01.
  • In one embodiment, the bisspecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:43, 44 and 45, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:47, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:48, respectively (127).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:50, 51 and 52, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:54, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:55, respectively (159).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:57, 58 and 59, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:60, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:61, respectively (098).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:64, 65 and 66, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:68, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:69, respectively (153).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:71, 72 and 73, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:75, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:76, respectively (132).
  • In separate embodiments, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 (127);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 (159);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:56 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:60 (098);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 an, optionally, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153);
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:74 (132);
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:109 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:110 (105);
      • g) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:111 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:112 (100);
      • h) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:113 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:114 (125);
      • i) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:115 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:116 (162);
      • j) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:117 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:118 (033);
      • k) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:119 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:120 (160)
      • l) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:121 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:122 (166);
      • m) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:123 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:124 (152);
      • o) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:125 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:126 (167); and/or
      • p) a variant of any of said antibodies, wherein said variant preferably has at most 1, 2 or 3 amino-acid modifications, more preferably amino-acid substitutions, such as conservative amino acid substitutions and substitutions where the new amino acid is one at the same position in an aligned sequence in FIG. 1 or 2, particularly at positions indicated by “X” in the corresponding consensus sequence.
    Cross-Block Group 4
  • In one aspect of the bispecific antibody of the invention, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region which binds HER2 but which does not block the binding to soluble HER2 of a second antibody, optionally in immobilized form, comprising the VH and VL sequences of any of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, F5, and C1, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In an additional or alternative aspect of the antibody of the invention, the antigen-binding region blocks or cross-blocks the binding to HER2 of one or more of the human antibodies of cross-block group 4.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:165 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:169 (005), preferably wherein the antibody is fully blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:172 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:176 (006), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:179 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:183 (059), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:186 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:190 (060), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:193 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:197 (106), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding to HER2 of a reference antibody, optionally immobilized, wherein the reference antibody comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:200 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:204 (111), preferably wherein the antibody is fully-blocking when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In separate and specific embodiments, the antigen-binding region blocks the binding of two, three, four, five, or six reference antibodies of the preceding embodiment, such as, e.g., antibodies 005 and 111, antibodies 005 and 006; antibodies 059 and 106; antibodies 006 and 059; antibodies 059, 106, 005 and 060; antibodies 006, 59, 060, and 111; or antibodies 059, 106, 005, 060, 111 and 006.
  • In one embodiment, the antibody, when immobilized, competes for binding to soluble HER2 with all antibodies defined in the preceding embodiment for 25% or more, preferably 50% or more, when determined as described in Example 14.
  • In one aspect of the antibody of the invention, the antibody binds the same epitope on HER2 as one or more of the novel human antibodies described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:165 and, optionally, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:169 (005).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:172 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:176 (006).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:179 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:183 (059).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:186 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:190 (060).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:193 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:197 (106).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region binds the same epitope as an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:200 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:204 (111).
  • In one embodiment, the antigen-binding region binds to the same epitope as at least one antibody selected from the group consisting of:
  • a) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:207 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:208 (041)
  • b) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:209 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:210 (150), and
  • c) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:211 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:212 (067);
  • d) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:213 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:214 (072);
  • e) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:215 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:216 (163);
  • f) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:217 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:218 (093);
  • g) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:219 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:220 (044).
  • In another additional or alternative aspect of the bispecific antibody of the invention, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3, VH region and/or VL region sequence similar or identical to a sequence of the HER2 antibodies described herein.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of
  • SEQ ID No:223, such as the sequence of SEQ ID No:168, 189, 196 (005, 060, 106), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV5-51-1 germline;
  • SEQ ID No:226, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:175 (006), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV3-23-1 germline sequence;
  • SEQ ID NO:229, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:182 (059), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-18-1 germline sequence; or
  • SEQ ID NO:231, such as the sequence of SEQ ID NO:203 (111), optionally wherein the VH region is derived from the IgHV1-69-4 germline sequence.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 223, wherein X1=Q, H, or L; X2=R, A, T, or K; X3=G; X4=D; X5=R or none; X6=G or none; X7=Y or F; X8=Y or D; X9=Y, F, or H; X10=Y, D, S, F, or N; X11=M or L; and X12=V or I; preferably, wherein X1=Q, X2=R or A; X5=X6=none; X7=Y or F; X8=Y; X9=F; X10=Y; and X12=V. In a particular embodiment the antibody comprises a VH CDR3 region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 223, wherein X1=Q, X2=R or A; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=Y or F; X8=Y; X9=F; X10=Y; and X12=V.
  • In one embodiment the antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:223, wherein X1=Q, X2=K; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=F; X8=Y; X9=X10=F; X11=L; and X12=V; or wherein X1=Q, X2=A; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=X8=Y; X9=Y; X10=N; X11=M; and X12=V; or wherein X1=Q, X2=K; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=X8=Y; X9=H; X10=Y; X11=L; and X12=V; or wherein X1=Q, X2=K; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=Y; X8=Y; X9=F; X10=N; X11=L; and X12=V; or wherein X1=Q, X2=R; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=Y; X8=Y; X9=F; X10=N; X11=L; and X12=V; or wherein X1=Q, X2=R; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=Y; X8=Y; X9=X10=F; X11=L; and X12=I; or wherein X1=Q, X2=A; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=X8=Y; X9=Y; X10=N; X11=M; and X12=V.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH CDR3 region of one of antibodies 041, 150, 067, 072, 163, or 093, as shown in FIG. 1, optionally wherein the VH region is derived from an IgHV5-51-1 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of
      • a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:221, 222 and 223, such as
        • a. a CDR1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs:166, 187, and 194; a CDR2 sequence selected from 167, 188, and 195; and a CDR3 sequence selected from 168, 189, and 196 (005, 060, 106),
        • b. the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:166, 167 and 168, respectively (005),
        • c. the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:187, 188 and 189, respectively (060),
        • d. the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:196, 197 and 198, respectively (106),
        • optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV5-51-1 germline;
      • b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:224, 225 and 226, such the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:173, 174, and 175, respectively (006), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-23-1 germline; and
      • c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:227, 228, and 229, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 180, 181 and 182 (059), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-18-1 germline; and
      • d) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:230, 202 and 231, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 201, 202 and 203 (111), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-69-4 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the preceding embodiments (a), (c) or (d) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:232, GAS, and SEQ ID No:233, respectively, such as a CDR1 sequence selected from SEQ ID Nos: 170, 184, 191, 198 and 205, a CDR2 which is GAS, and a CDR3 sequence selected from 171, 85, 192, 199 and 206 (005, 059, 060, 106, 111); respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from an IgKV3-20-01 germline.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region which is the preceding embodiment (b) and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:177, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:178 (006), respectively, optionally where the VL region is derived from IgKV3-11-01.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:166, 167 and 168, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:170, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:171, respectively (005).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:173, 174 and 175, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:177, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:178, respectively (006).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:180, 181 and 182, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:184, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:185, respectively (059).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:187, 188 and 189, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:191, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:192, respectively (060).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:194, 195 and 196, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:198, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:199, respectively (106).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:201, 202 and 203, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:205, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:206, respectively (111).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:221, wherein X1=S; X2=T and X3=S; the CDR2 sequence of SEQ ID NO:226, wherein X1=Y and X2=H and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:227, wherein X1=Q, X2=K; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=F; X8=Y; X9=X10=F; X11=L; and X12=V; and a VL region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:232, wherein X1=X2=S; the CDR2 sequence GAS; and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 233, wherein X1=Q, X2=S, X3=X4=none and X5=L (041).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:221, wherein X1=S; X2=T and X3=S; the CDR2 sequence of SEQ ID NO:222, wherein X1=Y and X2=H, and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:223, wherein X1=Q, X2=A; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=X8=Y; X9=Y; X10=N; X11=M; and X12=V; and a VL region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:232, wherein X1=X2=S; the CDR2 sequence GAS; and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 233, wherein X1=Q, X2=S, X3=X4=none and X5=L (150).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:221, wherein X1=S; X2=T and X3=S; the CDR2 sequence of SEQ ID NO:222, wherein X1=Y and X2=D, and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:223, X1=Q, X2=K; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=X8=Y; X9=H; X10=Y; X11=L; and X12=V; and a VL region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:232, wherein X1=X2=S; the CDR2 sequence GAS; and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 233, wherein X1=Q, X2=S, X3=P, X4=R and X5=L (067).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:221, wherein X1=S; X2=T and X3=S; the CDR2 sequence of SEQ ID NO:222, wherein X1=Y and X2=D, and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:223, wherein X1=Q, X2=K; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=Y; X8=Y; X9=F; X10=N; X11=L; and X12=V; and a VL region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:232, wherein X1=X2=S; the CDR2 sequence GAS; and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 233, wherein X1=Q, X2=S, X3=P, X4=R and X5=L (072).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:221, wherein X1=R; X2=I and X3=S; the CDR2 sequence of SEQ ID NO:222, wherein X1=Y and X2=D, and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:223, wherein X1=Q, X2=R; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=Y; X8=Y; X9=F; X10=N; X11=L; and X12=V; and a VL region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:232, wherein X1=X2=S; the CDR2 sequence GAS; and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 233, wherein X1=Q, X2=S, X3=X4=none and X5=L (163).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:221, wherein X1=S; X2=T and X3=S; the CDR2 sequence of SEQ ID NO:222, wherein X1=Y and X2=D, and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:223, wherein X1=Q, X2=R; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=Y; X8=Y; X9=X10=F; X11=L; and X12=I; and a VL region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:232, wherein X1=X2=S; the CDR2 sequence GAS; and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 233, wherein X1=Q, X2=S, X3=X4=none and X5=L (093).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:221, wherein X1=R; X2=S and X3=S; the CDR2 sequence of SEQ ID NO:222, wherein X1=F and X2=D, and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:223, wherein X1=Q, X2=A; X3=G; X4=D, X5=X6=none; X7=X8=Y; X9=Y; X10=N; X11=M; and X12=V; and a VL region comprising the CDR1 sequence of SEQ ID NO:232, wherein X1=X2=S; the CDR2 sequence GAS; and the CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 233, wherein X1=Q, X2=S, X3=X4=none and X5=L (044).
  • In separate embodiments, the bispecific antibody or the first antigen-binding region comprises:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:165 and, optionally, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:169 (005)
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:172 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:176 (006)
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:179 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:183 (059)
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:186 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:190 (060)
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:193 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:197 (106)
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:200 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:204 (111)
      • g) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:297 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:208 (041)
      • h) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:209 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:210 (150),
      • i) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:211 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:212 (067),
      • j) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:213 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:214 (072),
      • k) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:215 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:216 (163),
      • l) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:217 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:218 (093),
      • m) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:219 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:220 (044), and/or
      • n) a variant of any of said antibodies, wherein said variant preferably has at most 1, 2 or 3 amino-acid modifications, more preferably amino-acid substitutions, such as conservative amino acid substitutions and substitutions where the new amino acid is one at the same position in an aligned sequence in FIG. 1 or 2, particularly at positions indicated by “X” in the corresponding consensus sequence.
    Functional Properties of Antigen-Binding Regions or HER2 Antibodies of Cross-Block Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4
  • In another aspect of the antibody of the invention, the bispecific antibody comprises an antigen-binding region from a HER2 antibody which binds to the same HER2 epitope as one or more of the novel Group 1, 2, 3 or 4 antibodies described herein, preferably when determined as described in Example 14; and is further characterized by one or more properties determined as described in Examples 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.
  • Thus the first antigen-binding region of the bispecific antibody of the present invention may be same as one of the following HER2 antibodies. The first HER2 antibody of the present invention may have one or more of the following characteristics.
  • In one embodiment, the HER2 antibody has a lower EC50 value (half maximal effective concentration) than trastuzumab in binding to A431 cells, preferably an EC50 value lower than 0.80 μg/ml, 0.50 μg/ml, or 0.30 μg/ml, when determined as described in Example 12, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (084);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (025);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091);
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 (127);
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 (159);
      • g) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:56 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:60 (098);
      • h) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153);
      • i) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:74 (132)
      • j) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (005);
      • k) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:11 (006); and
      • l) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (059).
  • In an additional or alternative embodiment, the HER2 antibody or the first antigen-binding region specifically binds HER2-positive Rhesus monkey epithelial cells, when determined as described in Example 13, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of the VH and VL regions of any of antibodies 169, 050, 084, 025, 091, 129, 127, 159, 098, 153 132, 005, 006, 059, 060, 106 and 111.
  • In an additional or alternative embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody or the first antigen-binding region efficiently induces ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity), preferably achieving a specific 51Cr-release of at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, when determined as described in Example 15, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 (050);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (084);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (025);
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091);
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 (129); and
      • g) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 an, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153).
  • In an additional or alternative embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody or the first antigen-binding region specifically binds HER2-expressing AU565 cells but promotes ligand-independent proliferation of the cells less than any of F5 and C1 when determined as described in Example 16, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 (050);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (084);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (025);
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091);
      • f) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 (129);
      • g) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 (127);
      • h) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 (159);
      • i) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:56 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:60 (098);
      • j) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153);
      • k) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:74 (132)
      • l) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (005); and
      • m) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (060).
  • In an additional or alternative embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody or the/first antigen-binding region specifically binds HER2-expressing AU565 cells and inhibits ligand-independent proliferation of the cells, preferably inhibiting proliferation by at least 20%, more preferably at least 25%, when determined as described in Example 16, and preferably binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169); and
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 (050).
  • In an additional or alternative embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody specifically binds HER2-expressing AU565 cells but has no significant effect on, or does not promote, ligand-induced proliferation of the cells, preferably inhibiting proliferation by no more than 25%, more preferably by no more than 15%, when determined as described in Example 17, and binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 (050);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (084); and
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:56 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:60 (098).
  • In an additional or alternative embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody specifically binds HER2-expressing MCF-7 cells and inhibits ligand-induced proliferation, e.g. it may completely inhibit the ligand-induced effect or inhibit the total proliferation by 50%, e.g. 60% or 70% or 80%, of the cells when determined as described in Example 17, and binds the same epitope as at least one reference antibody comprising the VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (025);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 (129); and
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and, preferably, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153).
  • In an additional or alternative embodiment, the first anti-HER2 antibody is internalized by tumor cells expressing HER2, such as AU565 cells, to a higher degree than trastuzumab and pertuzumab, preferably more than twice or three times the amount of internalized trastuzumab, preferably when determined according to Example 18, and binds to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 (127);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 (159);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:56 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:60 (098);
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153); and
      • e) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:74 (132).
  • Preferably, the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 (127) and
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:56 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:60 (098).
  • In a further embodiment, the antibody binds to Domain II or IV of HER2, preferably wherein the antibody does not significantly promote proliferation of HER2 expressing cells, and is more efficiently internalized, or is internalized to a higher degree, than trastuzumab or pertuzumab into HER2-expressing tumor cells, preferably when determined as described in the Examples, e.g. examples 16 and 19, respectively.
  • In a further embodiment the antibody enhanced HER2 downmodulation more than trastuzumab, e.g. the antibody enhanced HER2 downmodulation by more 30%, such as more than 40% or more than 50% when determined as described in Example 22, preferably wherein the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody of cross-block group 3 of the present invention, e.g. an antibody binding to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:56 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:60 (098);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153).
  • In another or alternative embodiment the antibody decreased tumour growth and improved survival in vivo more than trastuzumab, when determined as described in Example 25, preferably wherein the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody of cross-block 1 or cross-block 2 of the present invention, e.g. an antibody binding to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (084); and
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091).
  • In another or alternative embodiment the antibody decreased tumour growth and improved survival in vivo more than trastuzumab, when determined as described in Example 26, preferably wherein the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody of cross-block 2 or cross-block 3 of the present invention, e.g. an antibody binding to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (025);
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091);
      • c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 (129); and
      • d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153).
  • More particularly, wherein the antibody binds to the same epitope as an antibody comprising VH and VL regions selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (025); and
      • b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 (091).
  • In one embodiment, the conjugated antibody kills at least 60%, preferably at least 70% AU565 cells or A431 cells, when determined as described in Example 18, and cross-blocks at least one antibody selected from
      • a) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (005)
      • b) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (060)
      • c) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (059), and
      • d) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:36 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:40 (111).
  • In separate and specific embodiments, the antibody of the preceding embodiment fully cross-blocks, preferably bind to the same epitope as, antibody 005, 060, 059, 111, or a combination thereof.
  • In one embodiment, the antibody of the preceding embodiment kills at least 80% of A431 cells when determined as described in Example 18, and cross-blocks at least one antibody selected from
      • a) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (005), and
      • b) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (060).
  • In separate and specific embodiments, the antibody of the preceding embodiment fully cross-blocks, preferably bind to the same epitope as, antibody 005, 060, or a combination thereof.
  • In an additional or alternative embodiment, the antibody is internalized by tumor cells expressing HER2, such as AU565 cells, more than trastuzumab is, preferably more than twice or three times the amount of internalized trastuzumab, preferably when determined according to Example 19, and cross-blocks at least one antibody selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (005)
      • b) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:11 (006)
      • c) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 (059)
      • d) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 (060)
      • e) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 (106)
      • f) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:36 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:40 (111).
  • In separate and specific embodiments, the antibody of the preceding embodiment fully cross-blocks, preferably bind to the same epitope as, antibody 005, 006, 059, 060, 106, 111, or a combination thereof.
    • Bispecific Antibodies
  • In one embodiment, the antibody is a bispecific antibody, comprising (i) a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody as defined herein, e.g. an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4, and (ii) a second antibody comprising an antigen-binding region of an antibody which binds to CD3.
    • First Antigen-Binding Region
  • In one embodiment the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NO: 4, 25, 66 or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005). In a particular embodiment, the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 (169).
  • In one embodiment the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, such as CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4 (169), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:23, 24 and 25 (025), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65 and 66 (153), or CDR1, CDR2 CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167 and 168 (005). In a particular embodiment, the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4 (169).
  • In a further or alternative embodiment the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, such as CDR3 sequence an antibody of cross-block 1 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (050), or SEQ ID NO: 18 (084); or a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 2 of SEQ ID NO: 31 (091), or SEQ ID NO: 38 (129), or a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 3 of SEQ ID NO: 45 (127), or SEQ ID NO:52 (159), or SEQ ID NO:59 (098), or SEQ ID NO:73 (132), or a CDR3 sequence of an antibody of cross-block 4 of SEQ ID NO:175 (006), SEQ ID NO: 182 (059), SEQ ID NO:189 (060), SEQ ID NO:196 (106), or SEQ ID NO:203 (111).
  • In one embodiment the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2 or 3 as defined herein, such as CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4 (169), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:23, 24 and 25 (025), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65 and 66 (153), or CDR1, CDR2 CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167 and 168 (005).
  • In one embodiment the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein.
  • In a further or alternative embodiment the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3 or 4 as defined herein, such as CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 1 of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10 and 11 (050), or SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17 and 18 (084); or CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 2 of SEQ ID NOs: 30, 163 and 31 (091), or SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37 and 38 (129), or CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 3 SEQ ID NOs: 43, 44 and 45 (127), or SEQ ID NOs:50, 51 and 52 (159), or SEQ ID NOs:57, 58 and 59 (098), or SEQ ID NOs:71, 72 and 73 (132), or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of an antibody of cross-block 4 such as SEQ ID NOS: 173, 174, and 175 (006), SEQ ID NOS: 180, 181, and 182 (059), SEQ ID NOS:187, 188, and 189 (060), SEQ ID NOS:194, 195, and 196 (106), or SEQ ID NOS:201, 202, and 203 (111).
  • In one embodiment the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region and a VL region selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID: 6, DAS and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively (169);
      • b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24 and 25; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO: 27, AAS and SEQ ID NO:28, respectively (025);
      • c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:64, 65 and 66; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO: 68, DAS and SEQ ID NO:69 (153); and
      • d) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:166, 167 and 168; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO: 170, GAS and SEQ ID NO:171 (005).
  • In a particular embodiment, the VH region comprises the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4 the VL region comprises the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID: 6, DAS and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively (169).
  • In a further or alternative embodiment the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region and a VL region selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:9, 127 and 11, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 9, 10 and 11 (050); optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-23-1 germline;
      • b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:128, 129 and 130, such the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:16, 17 and 18, respectively (084), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-69-04 germline; and
      • c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:137, 138 and 139, such the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:30, 163, and 31, respectively (091), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV4-34-01 germline; and
      • d) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:140, 141 and 142, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37 and 38 (129), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-30-01 germline.
      • e) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:146, 147 and 148, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 43, 44 and 45 (127); optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV5-51-01 germline;
      • f) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:149, 51 and 52, such as the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:50, 51 and 52, respectively (159), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV5-51-01 germline;
      • g) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:143, 144 and 145, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 57, 58 and 59 (098), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-23-01 germline;
      • h) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:71, 150 and 151, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 71, 72 and 73 (132), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-18-01 germline;
      • i) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:221, 222 and 223, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:187, 188 and 189, respectively (060), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV5-51-1 germline;
      • j) A VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:194, 195 and 196, respectively (106), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV5-51-1 germline;
      • k) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:224, 225 and 226, such the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:173, 174, and 175, respectively (006), optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV3-23-1 germline;
      • l) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:227, 228, and 229, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 180, 181 and 182 (059), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-18-1 germline; and
      • m) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:230, 202 and 231, such as the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 201, 202 and 203 (111), respectively, optionally where the VH region is derived from an IgHV1-69-4 germline.
    Second Antigen-Binding Region
  • In any one of the preceding embodiments, the second antigen-binding region can be derived from a CD3 antibody.
  • In one embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising the VH CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 244 (huCLB-T3/4).
  • In a further embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising the VL CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 246 (huCLB-T3/4).
  • In further embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody is an antibody comprising a VH region selected from the group consisting of:
      • a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS:242, 243 and 244, respectively (huCLB-T3/4);
      • b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:234 (YTH 12.5);
      • c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC); and
      • d) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:236 (HUM291).
  • In a further embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the VH CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:234 and a VL region comprising the VLCDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:235 (YTH12.5).
  • In a specific embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5) and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:235 (YTH12.5).
  • In one embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the VH CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS:242, 243 and 244, respectively, and, optionally, a VL region comprising the VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOS:245, DTS and 246, respectively (huCLB-T3/4).
  • In a specific embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 240 (huCLB-T3/4) and, optionally, VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:241 (huCLB-T3/4).
  • In one embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the VH CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:238 and a VL region comprising the VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC).
  • In a specific embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 238 and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC).
  • In one embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the VH CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:236 and a VL region comprising the VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:237 (HUM291).
  • In a specific embodiment, the second antigen-binding region is derived from a CD3 antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:236 and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:237 (HUM291).
    • Specific Combinations of Bispecific Antibodies
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 244 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 244 (huCLB-T3/4) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 246 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 7, 28, 69, or 171 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 242, 243, and 244 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, and 4 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, and 25 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, and 66 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, and 168 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 242, 243, and 244 (huCLB-T3/4) and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 245, DTS, and 246 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, DAS, and 7 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, 25, 27, AAS, and 28 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, 66, 68, DAS, and 69 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, 168, 170, GAS, and 171 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 240 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 63, or 165 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 240 and 241 (huCLB-T3/4), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5 (169), 22 and 26 (025), 63 and 67 (153), or 165 and 169 (005).
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 235 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 7, 28, 69, or 171 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, and 4 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, and 25 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, and 66 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, and 168 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5) and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 235 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, DAS, and 7 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, 25, 27, AAS, and 28 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, 66, 68, DAS, and 69 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, 168, 170, GAS, and 171 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 234 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 63, or 165 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 234 and 235 (YTH12.5), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5 (169), 22 and 26 (025), 63 and 67 (153), or 165 and 169 (005).
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 237 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 7, 28, 69, or 171 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, and 4 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, and 25 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, and 66 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, and 168 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291) and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 237 (HUM2915), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, DAS, and 7 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, 25, 27, AAS, and 28 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, 66, 68, DAS, and 69 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, 168, 170, GAS, and 171 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 236 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 63, or 165 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 236 and 237 (HUM291), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5 (169), 22 and 26 (025), 63 and 67 (153), or 165 and 169 (005).
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 4, 25, 66, or 168 (169, 025, 153, or 005) and a VL region comprising a CDR3 sequence of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 7, 28, 69, or 171 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising a VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, and 4 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, and 25 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, and 66 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, and 168 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC) and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein and a VL region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, DAS, and 7 (169), SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, 25, 27, AAS, and 28 (025), SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, 66, 68, DAS, and 69 (153), or SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167, 168, 170, GAS, and 171 (005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NO: 238 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 63, or 165 (169, 025, 153, or 005).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a bispecific antibody having a second antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a CD3 antibody according to SEQ ID NOs: 238 and 239 (huOKT3-C114S-gLC), and a first antigen-binding region comprising a VH region and a VL region of a HER2 antibody of cross-block 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined herein, such as SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5 (169), 22 and 26 (025), 63 and 67 (153), or 165 and 169 (005).
  • In an additional or alternative embodiment the bispecific antibody is a HER2×CD3 bispecific antibody induce T cell mediated cytotoxicity of AU565 as described in Example 21, and binds the same epitopes as at least one of the bispecific antibodies selected from the group consisting of huCLB-T3/4×HER2-169, huCLB-T3/4×HER2 153, and huCLB-T3/4×HER2 005 described in Example 21.
  • In a further embodiment, the first and second antigen-binding regions of the bispecific antibody according to the invention comprise human antibody VH sequences and, optionally, human antibody VL sequences.
  • In a further embodiment, the first and second antigen-binding regions of the bispecific antibody according to the invention the first and second antigen-binding regions are from heavy-chain antibodies.
  • In a further embodiment, the first and second antigen-binding regions of the bispecific antibody according to the invention the first and second antigen-binding regions comprise a first and second light chain.
  • In a further embodiment, the first and second antigen-binding regions of the bispecific antibody according to the invention wherein said first and second light chains are different.
    • Fc Regions
  • In one aspect of the present invention, the bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody according to the present invention further comprises a first Fc region and a second Fc region which may be comprised in a first and a second Fab-arm which respectively further comprise the first and second antigen-binding regions described above (or vice versa).
  • In another aspect of the present invention, the bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody comprises a first and a second Fab-arm comprising a first and a second antigen-binding region, respectively. Typically, the first and second antigen-binding region is the HER2 binding domain and the CD3 binding domain, respectively. The bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody further comprises a first and a second Fc region, typically comprising a first and a second heavy chain polypeptide, respectively.
  • In the one aspect of the present invention, the bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody comprises the first Fab-arm comprising the first antigen-binding region and the first Fc region, and the second Fab-arm comprising the second antigen-binding region and the second Fc region.
  • In another aspect of the present invention, the bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody comprises the second Fab-arm comprising the second antigen-binding region and the first Fc region, and the first Fab-arm comprising the first antigen-binding region and the second Fc region.
  • The first and second Fc-regions may each be of any isotype, including, but not limited to, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4, and may comprise one or more mutations or modifications. In one embodiment, each of the first and second Fc regions is of the IgG4 isotype or derived therefrom, optionally with one or more mutations or modifications. In one embodiment, each of the first and second Fc regions is of the IgG1 isotype or derived therefrom, optionally with one or more mutations or modifications. In another embodiment, one of the Fc regions is of the IgG1 isotype and the other of the IgG4 isotype, or is derived from such respective isotype, optionally with one or more mutations or modifications.
  • In one embodiment, one or both Fc-regions are effector-function-deficient. For example, the Fc-region(s) may be of an IgG4 isotype, or a non-IgG4 type, e.g. IgG1, IgG2 or IgG3, which has been mutated such that the ability to mediate effector functions, such as ADCC, has been reduced or even eliminated. Such mutations have e.g. been described in Dall'Acqua W F et al., J Immunol. 177(2):1129-1138 (2006) and Hezareh M, J Virol.; 75(24):12161-12168 (2001). Other exemplary modifications are described in the Examples, e.g., in Example 27.
  • In one embodiment, one or both Fc-regions comprise an IgG1 wildtype sequence (SEQ ID NO:247, see Example 21).
  • In one embodiment, one or both of the Fc regions comprise a mutation removing the acceptor site for Asn-linked glycosylation or is otherwise manipulated to change the glycosylation properties. For example, in an IgG1 Fc-region, an N297Q mutation can be used to remove an Asn-linked glycosylation site. Accordingly, in a specific embodiment, one or both Fc-regions comprise an IgG1 wildtype sequence with an N297Q mutation (SEQ ID NO:250, see Example 21).
  • In a further embodiment, one or both of the Fc regions are glyco-engineered to reduce fucose and thus enhance ADCC, e.g. by addition of compounds to the culture media during antibody production as described in US2009317869 or as described in van Berkel et al. (2010) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 105:350 or by using FUT8 knockout cells, e.g. as described in Yamane-Ohnuki et al (2004) Biotechnol. Bioeng 87:614. ADCC may alternatively be optimized using the method described by Uma{umlaut over (n)}a et al. (1999) Nature Biotech 17:176. In a further embodiment, one or both of the Fc-regions have been engineered to enhance complement activation, e.g. as described in Natsume et al. (2009) Cancer Sci. 100:2411.
  • In one embodiment of the invention, the first or second antigen-binding regions or a part thereof, e.g. one or more CDRs, are of a species in the family Camelidae, see WO2010001251, or a species of cartilaginous fish, such as the nurse shark. In one embodiment, the first and second antigen-binding regions or heavy chains are from heavy-chain antibodies.
  • In one embodiment, the first and/or second Fc-region is conjugated to a drug, a prodrug or a toxin or contains an acceptor group for the same. Such acceptor group may e.g. be an unnatural amino acid.
  • In one aspect, the bispecific antibody of the invention comprises a first Fc-region comprising a first CH3 region, and a second Fc-region comprising a second CH3 region, wherein the sequences of the first and second CH3 regions are different and are such that the heterodimeric interaction between said first and second CH3 regions is stronger than each of the homodimeric interactions of said first and second CH3 regions. More details on these interactions and how they can be achieved are provided in PCT/EP2011/056388, published as WO 2011131746 (Genmab), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • As described further herein and in the Examples, a stable bispecific HER2×CD3 molecule can be obtained at high yield using a particular method on the basis of one homodimeric starting HER2 antibody and one homodimeric starting CD3 antibody containing only a few, fairly conservative, asymmetrical mutations in the CH3 regions. Asymmetrical mutations mean that the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions contain amino acid substitutions at non-identical positions.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409, and the second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409, and wherein the first and second Fc-regions are not substituted in the same positions.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 366, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409. In one embodiment the amino acid at position 366 is selected from Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, or Gln.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 368, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 370, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 399, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 405, 407 and 409.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 405, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 407 and 409.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 407, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, and 409.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at position 409, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, and 407.
  • Accordingly, in one embodiment, the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions contain asymmetrical mutations, i.e. mutations at different positions in the two CH3 regions, e.g. a mutation at position 405 in one of the CH3 regions and a mutation at position 409 in the other CH3 region.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino-acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405 and 407. In one such embodiment, said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Phe, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Lys, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, Cys, Lys, or Leu, at position 405. In a further embodiment hereof, said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly, e.g. Leu, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Met, Lys, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 405.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Phe, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Lys, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, Leu, Met, or Cys, at position 405 and a Lys at position 409. In a further embodiment hereof, said first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly, e.g. Leu, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Met, Lys, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409. In a further embodiment hereof, said first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly, e.g. Leu, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Lys, Met, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 405 and a Lys at position 409. In another embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In a further embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405. In a further embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In an even further embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises an Arg at position 409 and said second HER2 antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises a Thr at position 350, a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second HER2 antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region comprises a Thr at position 350, a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an Ile at position 350, a Thr at position 370, a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr, e.g. Leu, Met, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, His, Asn, Pro, Trp, or Cys, at position 407. In another embodiment, said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr, e.g. Leu, Met, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, His, Asn, Pro, Trp, or Cys, at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409 and said second Fc-region has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr, e.g. Leu, Met, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, His, Asn, Pro, Trp, or Cys, at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment, said first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Phe, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 409, and the second Fc-region has
  • (i) an amino acid other than Phe, Leu and Met, e.g. Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Lys, Arg, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Pro, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 368, or
    (ii) a Trp at position 370, or
    (iii) an amino acid other than Asp, Cys, Pro, Glu or Gln, e.g. Phe, Leu, Met, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Ser, Thr, Lys, Arg, His, Asn, Trp, Tyr, or Cys, at position 399 or
    (iv) an amino acid other than Lys, Arg, Ser, Thr, or Trp, e.g. Phe, Leu, Met, Ala, Val, Gly, Ile, Asn, His, Asp, Glu, Gln, Pro, Tyr, or Cys, at position 366.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an Arg, Ala, His or Gly at position 409, and the second homodimeric protein has
  • (i) a Lys, Gln, Ala, Asp, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Asn, Arg, Ser, Thr, Val, or Trp at position 368, or
    (ii) a Trp at position 370, or
    (iii) an Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Ser, Thr, Trp, Phe, His, Lys, Arg or Tyr at position 399, or
    (iv) an Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, Gln, Phe, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, or Tyr at position 366.
  • In one embodiment, the first Fc-region has an Arg at position 409, and the second homodimeric protein has
  • (i) an Asp, Glu, Gly, Asn, Arg, Ser, Thr, Val, or Trp at position 368, or
    (ii) a Trp at position 370, or
    (iii) a Phe, His, Lys, Arg or Tyr at position 399, or
    (iv) an Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, Gln at position 366.
  • In addition to the above-specified amino-acid substitutions, said first and second homodimeric protein may contain further amino-acid substitutions, deletion or insertions relative to wild-type Fc sequences.
  • In a further embodiment, said first and second Fab-arms (or heavy-chain constant domains) comprising the first and second Fc regions comprise, except for the specified mutations, a sequence independently selected from the following:
  • (IgGinn(a)):
    (SEQ ID NO: 256)
    GQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENN
    YKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKS
    LSLSPGK
    (IgGinn(f)):
    (SEQ ID NO: 257)
    GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENN
    YKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKS
    LSLSPGK, and
    (IgGinn(ax)):
    (SEQ ID NO: 258)
    GQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENN
    YKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEGLHNHYTQKS
    LSLSPGK.
  • In one embodiment, neither said first nor said second Fc-region comprises a Cys-Pro-Ser-Cys sequence in the (core) hinge region.
  • In a further embodiment, both said first and said second Fc-region comprise a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence in the (core) hinge region.
  • In separate and specific embodiments, one or both Fab arms comprise a heavy-chain constant region sequence independently selected from SEQ ID NO: 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, and 255 (see Example 21).
  • In one particular example, the CD3 antibody is an antibody with a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:234 (VH YTH12.5) and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:235 (VL YTH12.5). Another example is a CD3 antibody with a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:240 (VH huCLB-T3/4) and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:241 (VL huCLB-T3/4).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody comprises (i) a first Fab-arm comprising an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:63, and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153), optionally wherein the first Fab-arm comprises an IgG1,κ Fc region having Arg at position 409, or Gln at position 297, or Arg at position 409 and Gln at position 297; and (ii) a second Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:171 and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:172 (YTH12.5), optionally wherein the second Fab-arm comprises an IgG1,κ Fc region having an Gln at position 297, or Leu at position 405, or Gln at position 297 and Leu at position 405.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody comprises (i) a first Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169), optionally wherein the first Fab-arm comprises an IgG1,κ Fc region having Arg at position 409; and (ii) a second Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:171 and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:172 (YTH12.5), optionally wherein the second Fab-arm comprises an IgG1,κ Fc region having an Gln at position 297, or Leu at position 405, or Gln at position 297 and Leu at position 405.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody comprises (i) a first Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:63, and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:67 (153), optionally wherein the first Fab-arm comprises an IgG1,κ Fc region having Arg at position 409, or Gln at position 297, or Arg at position 409 and Gln at position 297; and (ii) a second Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:173 and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:174 (huCLB-T3/4), optionally wherein the second Fab-arm comprises an IgG1,κ Fc region having an Gln at position 297, or Leu at position 405, or Gln at position 297 and Leu at position 405.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody comprises (i) a first Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 (169), optionally wherein the first Fab-arm comprises an IgG1,κ Fc region having Arg at position 409; and (ii) a second Fab-arm having an Fc region and VH and VL sequences, wherein the VH region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:173 and the VL region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:174 (huCLB-T3/4), optionally wherein the second Fab-arm comprises an IgG1,κ Fc region having an Gln at position 297, or Leu at position 405, or Gln at position 297 and Leu at position 405.
  • In any of the above embodiments, the first and/or second Fab-arm may further comprise CH1 and/or CL sequences.
  • In one embodiment the bispecific antibody is selected from the group consisting of: IgG1-HER2-153-K409R×IgG1-YTH12.5-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-K409R×IgG1-YTH12.5-N297Q-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-K409R×IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-K409R×IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-N297Q-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-N297Q-K409R×IgG1-YTH12.5-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-N297Q-K409R×IgG1-YTH12.5-N297Q-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-N297Q-K409R×IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-F405L, IgG1-HER2-153-N297Q-K409R×IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-N297Q-F405L, IgG1-HER2-169-K409R×IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-F405L, IgG1-HER2-169-K409R×IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-N297Q-F405L, IgG1-HER2-169-K409R×IgG1-YTH12.5-F405L and IgG1-HER2-169-K409R×IgG1-YTH12.5-N297Q-F405L, wherein ITL means IgG1,κ having Ile at position 350, Thr at position 370, and Leu at position 405, K409R means IgG1,κ having an Arg at position 409, and F405L means IgG1,κ having a Leu at position 405, N297Q means a Gln at position 297, and wherein the bold numbers refer to antibodies described herein with the VH and VL regions comprising the sequences described in Table 1 and Example 21.
  • In an additional embodiment, the bispecific antibody induces dose-dependent killing of AU565, NIH-3T3, A431 and A549 cells when determined as described in Example 29, and binds the same epitopes as the bispecific antibody IgG1-HER2-169×IgG1-CLBT3/4.
    • Bispecific Antibody Formats
  • The present invention provides bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies which efficiently promote T cell-mediated killing of HER2-expressing tumor cells. Depending on the desired functional properties for a particular use, particular antigen-binding regions can be selected from the set of antibodies or antigen-binding regions provided by the present invention or from those antibodies or antigen-binding regions sharing, e.g., an epitope or cross-blocking region with the antibodies or antigen-binding regions provided by the present invention. Many different formats and uses of bispecific antibodies are known in the art, and were recently been reviewed by Chames and Baty (2009) Curr Opin Drug Disc Dev 12: 276.
  • Exemplary bispecific antibody molecules of the invention comprise (i) a single antibody that has two arms comprising different antigen-binding regions, one with a specificity to a HER2 epitope and one with a specificity to CD3, (ii) a single antibody that has one antigen-binding region or arm specific to a HER2 epitope and a second antigen-binding region or arm specific to a CD3 epitope, (iii) a single chain antibody that has a first specificity to a HER2 epitope and a second specificity to a CD3 epitope, e.g., via two scFvs linked in tandem by an extra peptide linker; (iv) a dual-variable-domain antibody (DVD-Ig), where each light chain and heavy chain contains two variable domains in tandem through a short peptide linkage (Wu et al., Generation and Characterization of a Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig™) Molecule, In: Antibody Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2010)); (v) a chemically-linked bispecific (Fab′)2 fragment; (vi) a Tandab, which is a fusion of two single chain diabodies resulting in a tetravalent bispecific antibody that has two binding sites for each of the target antigens; (vii) a flexibody, which is a combination of scFvs with a diabody resulting in a multivalent molecule; (viii) a so called “dock and lock” molecule, based on the “dimerization and docking domain” in Protein Kinase A, which, when applied to Fabs, can yield a trivalent bispecific binding protein consisting of two identical Fab fragments linked to a different Fab fragment; (ix) a so-called Scorpion molecule, comprising, e.g., two scFvs fused to both termini of a human Fab-arm; and (x) a diabody.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody of the present invention is a diabody, a cross-body, or a bispecific antibody obtained via a controlled Fab arm exchange as those described in the present invention.
  • Examples of different classes of bispecific antibodies include but are not limited to
      • IgG-like molecules with complementary CH3 domains to force heterodimerisation
      • recombinant IgG-like dual targeting molecules, wherein the two sides of the molecule each contain the Fab fragment or part of the Fab fragment of at least two different antibodies;
      • IgG fusion molecules, wherein full length IgG antibodies are fused to extra Fab fragment or parts of Fab fragment;
      • Fc fusion molecules, wherein single chain Fv molecules or stabilized diabodies are fused to heavy-chain constant-domains, Fc-regions or parts thereof;
      • Fab fusion molecules, wherein different Fab-fragments are fused together;
      • ScFv- and diabody-based and heavy chain antibodies (e.g., domain antibodies, nanobodies) wherein different single chain Fv molecules or different diabodies or different heavy-chain antibodies (e.g. domain antibodies, nanobodies) are fused to each other or to another protein or carrier molecule.
  • Examples of IgG-like molecules with complementary CH3 domains molecules include but are not limited to the Triomab/Quadroma (Trion Pharma/Fresenius Biotech), the Knobs-into-Holes (Genentech), CrossMAbs (Roche) and the electrostatically-matched (Amgen), the LUZ-Y (Genentech), the Strand Exchange Engineered Domain body (SEEDbody)(EMD Serono), the Biclonic (Merus) and the DuoBody (Genmab A/S).
  • Examples of recombinant IgG-like dual targeting molecules include but are not limited to Dual Targeting (DT)-Ig (GSK/Domantis), Two-in-one Antibody (Genentech), Cross-linked Mabs (Karmanos Cancer Center), mAb2 (F-Star) and CovX-body (CovX/Pfizer).
  • Examples of IgG fusion molecules include but are not limited to Dual Variable Domain (DVD)-Ig (Abbott), IgG-like Bispecific (InnClone/Eli Lilly), Ts2Ab (MedImmune/AZ) and BsAb (Zymogenetics), HERCULES (Biogen Idec) and TvAb (Roche).
  • Examples of Fc fusion molecules include but are not limited to ScFv/Fc Fusions (Academic Institution), SCORPION (Emergent BioSolutions/Trubion, Zymogenetics/BMS), Dual Affinity Retargeting Technology (Fc-DART) (MacroGenics) and Dual(ScFv)2-Fab (National Research Center for Antibody Medicine—China).
  • Examples of Fab fusion bispecific antibodies include but are not limited to F(ab)2 (Medarex/AMGEN), Dual-Action or Bis-Fab (Genentech), Dock-and-Lock (DNL) (ImmunoMedics), Bivalent Bispecific (Biotecnol) and Fab-Fv (UCB-Celltech). Examples of ScFv-, diabody-based and domain antibodies include but are not limited to Bispecific T Cell Engager (BITE) (Micromet, Tandem Diabody (Tandab) (Affimed), Dual Affinity Retargeting Technology (DART) (MacroGenics), Single-chain Diabody (Academic), TCR-like Antibodies (AIT, ReceptorLogics), Human Serum Albumin ScFv Fusion (Merrimack) and COMBODY (Epigen Biotech), dual targeting nanobodies (Ablynx), dual targeting heavy chain only domain antibodies.
    • Methods of Preparing Bispecific Antibodies
  • Methods of preparing bispecific antibodies of the present invention include those described in WO 2008119353 (Genmab), WO 2011131746 (Genmab) and reported by van der Neut-Kolfschoten et al. (Science. 2007 Sep. 14; 317(5844):1554-7). Examples of other platforms useful for preparing bispecific antibodies include but are not limited to BITE (Micromet), DART (MacroGenics), Fcab and Mabe (F-star), Fc-engineered IgG1 (Xencor) or DuoBody (based on Fab arm exchange, Genmab, this application, described below and in, e.g., Example 20).
  • Traditional methods such as the hybrid hybridoma and chemical conjugation methods (Marvin and Zhu (2005) Acta Pharmacol Sin 26:649) can also be used. Co-expression in a host cell of two antibodies, consisting of different heavy and light chains, leads to a mixture of possible antibody products in addition to the desired bispecific antibody, which can then be isolated by, e.g., affinity chromatography or similar methods.
  • Strategies favoring the formation of a functional bispecific, product, upon co-expression of different antibody constructs can also be used, e.g., the method described by Lindhofer et al. (1995 J Immunol 155:219). Fusion of rat and mouse hydridomas producing different antibodies leads to a limited number of heterodimeric proteins because of preferential species-restricted heavy/light chain pairing. Another strategy to promote formation of heterodimers over homodimers is a “knob-into-hole” strategy in which a protuberance is introduced on a first heavy-chain polypeptide and a corresponding cavity in a second heavy-chain polypeptide, such that the protuberance can be positioned in the cavity at the interface of these two heavy chains so as to promote heterodimer formation and hinder homodimer formation. “Protuberances” are constructed by replacing small amino-acid side-chains from the interface of the first polypeptide with larger side chains. Compensatory “cavities” of identical or similar size to the protuberances are created in the interface of the second polypeptide by replacing large amino-acid side-chains with smaller ones (U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,168). EP1870459 (Chugai) and WO 2009089004 (Amgen) describe other strategies for favoring heterodimer formation upon co-expression of different antibody domains in a host cell. In these methods, one or more residues that make up the CH3-CH3 interface in both CH3 domains are replaced with a charged amino acid such that homodimer formation is electrostatically unfavorable and heterodimerization is electrostatically favorable. WO2007110205 (Merck) describe yet another strategy, wherein differences between IgA and IgG CH3 domains are exploited to promote heterodimerization.
  • Another in vitro method for producing bispecific antibodies has been described in WO 2008119353 (Genmab), wherein a bispecific antibody is formed by “Fab-arm” or “half-molecule” exchange (swapping of a heavy chain and attached light chain) between two monospecific IgG4- or IgG4-like antibodies upon incubation under reducing conditions. The resulting product is a bispecific antibody having two Fab arms which may comprise different sequences.
  • A preferred method for preparing bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies of the present invention includes the method described in WO 2011131746 (Genmab) comprising the following steps:
      • a) providing a first antibody comprising an Fc region, said Fc region comprising a first CH3 region;
      • b) providing a second antibody comprising a second Fc region, said Fc region comprising a second CH3 region, wherein the first antibody is a HER2 antibody and the second antibody is a CD3 antibody, or vice versa;
      • wherein the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions are different and are such that the heterodimeric interaction between said first and second CH3 regions is stronger than each of the homodimeric interactions of said first and second CH3 regions;
      • c) incubating said first antibody together with said second antibody under reducing conditions; and
      • d) obtaining said bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody.
  • Without being limited to theory, in step c), the heavy-chain disulfide bonds in the hinge regions of the parent antibodies are reduced and the resulting cysteines are then able to form inter heavy-chain disulfide bond with cysteine residues of another parent antibody molecule (originally with a different specificity). In one embodiment of this method, the reducing conditions in step c) comprise the addition of a reducing agent, e.g. a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of: 2-mercaptoethylamine (2-MEA), dithiothreitol (DTT), dithioerythritol (DTE), glutathione, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), L-cysteine and beta-mercapto-ethanol, preferably a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of: 2-mercaptoethylamine, dithiothreitol and tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine. In a further embodiment, step c) comprises restoring the conditions to become non-reducing or less reducing, for example by removal of a reducing agent, e.g. by desalting.
  • Typically, in this method, the first and second antibodes are a HER2 and CD3 antibody binding to epitopes of HER2 and CD3, respectively, and/or comprising different antigen-binding sequences of HER2 and CD3, respectively.
  • For this method any of the HER2 and CD3 antibodes described above may be used including first and second HER2 and CD3 antibodies, respectively, comprising a first and/or second Fc regions. Examples of such first and second Fc regions, including combination of such first and second Fc regions may include any of those described above. In a particular embodiment the first and second HER2 and CD3 antibodies, respectively, may be chosen so as to obtain a bispecific antibody as described herein.
  • In one embodiment of this method, said first and/or second antibodies are full-length antibodies.
  • The Fc regions of the first and second antibodies may be of any isotype, including, but not limited to, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4. In one embodiment of this method, the Fc regions of both said first and said second antibodies are of the IgG1 isotype. In another embodiment, one of the Fc regions of said antibodies is of the IgG1 isotype and the other of the IgG4 isotype. In the latter embodiment, the resulting bispecific antibody comprises an Fc region of an IgG1 and an Fc region of IgG4 and may thus have interesting intermediate properties with respect to activation of effector functions. A similar product can be obtained if said first and/or said second antibody comprises a mutation removing the acceptor site for Asn-linked glycosylation or is otherwise manipulated to change the glycosylation properties.
  • In a further embodiment of this method, one or both of the antibodies is glyco-engineered to reduce fucose and thus enhance ADCC, e.g. by addition of compounds to the culture media during antibody production as described in US2009317869 or as described in van Berkel et al. (2010) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 105:350 or by using FUT8 knockout cells, e.g. as described in Yamane-Ohnuki et al (2004) Biotechnol. Bioeng 87:614. ADCC may alternatively be optimized using the method described by Uma{umlaut over (n)}a et al. (1999) Nature Biotech 17:176. In a further embodiment, one or both of the antibodies have been engineered to enhance complement activation, e.g. as described in Natsume et al. (2009) Cancer Sci. 100:2411.
  • In a further embodiment of this method, one or both of the antibodies have been engineered to reduce or increase the binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in order to manipulate the serum half-life of the heterodimeric protein. In a further embodiment, one of the antibody starting proteins has been engineered to not bind Protein A, thus allowing to separate the heterodimeric protein from said homodimeric starting protein by passing the product over a protein A column.
  • In a particular embodiment of this method, the antibody or a part thereof, e.g. one or more CDRs, is of a species in the family Camelidae, see WO2010001251, or a species of cartilaginous fish, such as the nurse shark, or is a heavy-chain or domain antibody.
  • In one embodiment, the first and/or second HER2 antibody is conjugated to a drug, a prodrug or a toxin or contains an acceptor group for the same. Such acceptor group may e.g. be an unnatural amino acid.
  • As described above, the sequences of the first and second CH3 regions of the homodimeric starting antibodies are different and are such that the heterodimeric interaction between said first and second CH3 regions is stronger than each of the homodimeric interactions of said first and second CH3 regions. More details on these interactions and how they can be achieved are provided in PCT/EP2011/056388, published as WO 2011131746 (Genmab), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • In particular, a stable bispecific HER2×CD3 molecule can be obtained at high yield using the above method of the invention on the basis of two homodimeric starting antibodies which bind HER2 and CD3, respectively, and contain only a few, fairly conservative, asymmetrical mutations in the CH3 regions. Asymmetrical mutations mean that the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions contain amino acid substitutions at non-identical positions.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409, and the second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409, and wherein the first and second antibodies are not substituted in the same positions.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 366, and said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 368, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409. In one embodiment the amino acid at position 366 is selected from Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, or Gln.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody protein has an amino acid substitution at position 368, and said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 370, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 370, and said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 399, 405, 407 and 409.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 399, and said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 405, 407 and 409.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 405, and said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 407 and 409.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 407, and said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, and 409.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody has an amino acid substitution at position 409, and said second antibody has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405, and 407.
  • Accordingly, in one embodiment of this method, the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions contain asymmetrical mutations, i.e. mutations at different positions in the two CH3 regions, e.g. a mutation at position 405 in one of the CH3 regions and a mutation at position 409 in the other CH3 region.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino-acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405 and 407. In one such embodiment, said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Phe at position 405. In a further embodiment hereof, said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody comprises an amino acid other than Phe at position 405 and a Lys at position 409. In a further embodiment hereof, said first antibody comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409. In a further embodiment hereof, said first antibody comprises a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405 and a Lys at position 409. In another embodiment, said first antibody comprises Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In a further embodiment of this method, said first antibody comprises an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second homodimeric protein comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405. In a further embodiment, said first homodimeric protein comprises an Arg at position 409 and said second homodimeric protein comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In an even further embodiment of this method, said first antibody comprises a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody comprises an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody comprises an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody comprises a Thr at position 350, a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody comprises a Lys at position 409 and: a) an Ile at position 350 and a Leu at position 405, or b) a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody comprises a Thr at position 350, a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second comprises an Ile at position 350, a Thr at position 370, a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407. In another embodiment, said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second antibody has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first antibody has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and said second antibody has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first antibody has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409, and the second antibody has
  • (i) an amino acid other than Phe, Leu and Met at position 368, or
    (ii) a Trp at position 370, or
    (iii) an amino acid other than Asp, Cys, Pro, Glu or Gln at position 399, or
    (iv) an amino acid other than Lys, Arg, Ser, Thr, or Trp at position 366.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first homodimeric protein has an Arg, Ala, His or Gly at position 409, and the second homodimeric protein has
  • (i) a Lys, Gln, Ala, Asp, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Asn, Arg, Ser, Thr, Val, or Trp at position 368, or
    (ii) a Trp at position 370, or
    (iii) an Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Ser, Thr, Trp, Phe, His, Lys, Arg or Tyr at position 399, or
    (iv) an Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, Gln, Phe, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, or Tyr at position 366.
  • In one embodiment of this method, the first homodimeric protein has an Arg at position 409, and the second homodimeric protein has
  • (i) an Asp, Glu, Gly, Asn, Arg, Ser, Thr, Val, or Trp at position 368, or
    (ii) a Trp at position 370, or
    (iii) a Phe, His, Lys, Arg or Tyr at position 399, or
    (iv) an Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, Gln at position 366.
  • In addition to the above-specified amino-acid substitutions, said first and second homodimeric protein may contain further amino-acid substitutions, deletion or insertions relative to wild-type Fc sequences.
  • In a further embodiment, said first and second CH3 regions, except for the specified mutations, comprise the sequences of IgG1m(a) (SEQ ID NO:256), IgG1m(f) (SEQ ID NO:257), or IgG1m(ax) (SEQ ID NO:258).
  • Thus, in one embodiment, neither said first nor said second antibody comprises a Cys-Pro-Ser-Cys sequence in the (core) hinge region.
  • In a further embodiment, both said first and said second antibody comprise a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence in the (core) hinge region.
  • The bispecific antibodies of the invention may also be obtained by co-expression of constructs encoding the first and second polypeptides in a single cell. Thus, in a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing a bispecific antibody, said method comprising the following steps:
  • a) providing a first nucleic-acid construct encoding a first polypeptide comprising a first Fc region and a first antigen-binding region of a first antibody heavy chain, said first Fc region comprising a first CH3 region,
  • b) providing a second nucleic-acid construct encoding a second polypeptide comprising a second Fc region and a second antigen-binding region of a second antibody heavy chain, said second Fc region comprising a first CH3 region,
  • wherein the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions are different and are such that the heterodimeric interaction between said first and second CH3 regions is stronger than each of the homodimeric interactions of said first and second CH3 regions, and
  • wherein said first homodimeric protein has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second homodimeric protein has an amino-acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of: 366, 368, 370, 399, 405 and 407,
  • optionally wherein said first and second nucleic acid constructs encode light chain sequences of said first and second antibodies
  • c) co-expressing said first and second nucleic-acid constructs in a host cell, and
  • d) obtaining said heterodimeric protein from the cell culture.
  • Thus, the present invention also relates to a recombinant eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell which produces a bispecific antibody of the present invention.
  • In one embodiment of the present invention, the bispecific antibody is obtained by any of the methods according to the present invention.
  • Suitable expression vectors, including promoters, enhancers, etc., and suitable host cells for the production of antibodies are well-known in the art. Examples of host cells include yeast, bacterial and mammalian cells, such as CHO or HEK cells.
  • In one embodiment of this method, said first CH3 region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second CH3 region has an amino acid other than Phe at position 405.
  • In another embodiment of this method, said first CH3 region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second CH3 region has an amino acid other than Phe at position 405, such as other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405; or said first CH3 region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second CH3 region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407.
  • In some embodiments, said first and second polypeptides are full-length heavy chains of two antibodies that bind different epitopes (i.e. said first and second nucleic-acid constructs encode full-length heavy chains of two antibodies that bind different epitopes), and thus the heterodimeric protein is a bispecific antibody. This bispecific antibody can be a heavy-chain antibody, or said host cell may further express one or more nucleic-acid constructs encoding a light-chain. If only one light-chain construct is co-expressed with the heavy chain constructs, then a functional bispecific antibody is only formed if the light chain sequence is such that it can form a functional antigen-binding domain with each of the heavy chains. If two or more different light-chain constructs are co-expressed with the heavy chain, multiple products will be formed.
  • In further embodiments, the co-expression method according to the invention comprises any of the further features described under the in vitro method above. In a further aspect, the invention relates to an expression vector comprising the first and second nucleic-acid constructs specified herein above. In a further embodiment, the expression vector further comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding the constant region of a light chain, a heavy chain or both light and heavy chains of an antibody, e.g. a human antibody.
  • An expression vector in the context of the present invention may be any suitable vector, including chromosomal, non-chromosomal, and synthetic nucleic acid vectors (a nucleic acid sequence comprising a suitable set of expression control elements). Examples of such vectors include derivatives of SV40, bacterial plasmids, phage DNA, baculovirus, yeast plasmids, vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, and viral nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) vectors. In one embodiment, a HER2 antibody-encoding nucleic acid is comprised in a naked DNA or RNA vector, including, for example, a linear expression element (as described in for instance Sykes and Johnston, Nat Biotech 17, 355-59 (1997)), a compacted nucleic acid vector (as described in for instance U.S. Pat. No. 6,077,835 and/or WO 00/70087), a plasmid vector such as pBR322, pUC 19/18, or pUC 118/119, a “midge” minimally-sized nucleic acid vector (as described in for instance Schakowski et al., Mol Ther 3, 793-800 (2001)), or as a precipitated nucleic acid vector construct, such as a CaP04-precipitated construct (as described in for instance WO 00/46147, Benvenisty and Reshef, PNAS USA 83, 9551-55 (1986), Wigler et al., Cell 14, 725 (1978), and Coraro and Pearson, Somatic Cell Genetics 7, 603 (1981)). Such nucleic acid vectors and the usage thereof are well known in the art (see for instance U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,466 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,973,972).
  • Exemplary expression vectors for the antibodies of the invention are also described in Examples 2 and 3.
  • In one embodiment, the vector is suitable for expression of the HER2 antibody in a bacterial cell. Examples of such vectors include expression vectors such as BlueScript (Stratagene), pIN vectors (Van Heeke & Schuster, J Biol Chem 264, 5503-5509 (1989), pET vectors (Novagen, Madison Wis.) and the like).
  • An expression vector may also or alternatively be a vector suitable for expression in a yeast system. Any vector suitable for expression in a yeast system may be employed. Suitable vectors include, for example, vectors comprising constitutive or inducible promoters such as alpha factor, alcohol oxidase and PGH (reviewed in: F. Ausubel et al., ed. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley InterScience New York (1987), and Grant et al., Methods in Enzymol 153, 516-544 (1987)).
  • An expression vector may also or alternatively be a vector suitable for expression in mammalian cells, e.g. a vector comprising glutamine synthetase as a selectable marker, such as the vectors described in Bebbington (1992) Biotechnology (NY) 10:169-175.
  • A nucleic acid and/or vector may also comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a secretion/localization sequence, which can target a polypeptide, such as a nascent polypeptide chain, to the periplasmic space or into cell culture media. Such sequences are known in the art, and include secretion leader or signal peptides.
  • The expression vector may comprise or be associated with any suitable promoter, enhancer, and other expression-facilitating elements. Examples of such elements include strong expression promoters (e. g., human CMV IE promoter/enhancer as well as RSV, SV40, SL3-3, MMTV, and HIV LTR promoters), effective poly (A) termination sequences, an origin of replication for plasmid product in E. coli, an antibiotic resistance gene as selectable marker, and/or a convenient cloning site (e.g., a polylinker). Nucleic acids may also comprise an inducible promoter as opposed to a constitutive promoter such as CMV IE.
  • In one embodiment, the HER2 antibody-encoding expression vector may be positioned in and/or delivered to the host cell or host animal via a viral vector.
  • In an even further aspect, the invention relates to a host cell comprising the first and second nucleic-acid constructs specified herein above.
  • Thus the present invention also relates to a recombinant eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell which produces a bispecific antibody of the present invention, such as a transfectoma.
  • The first HER2 antibody may be expressed in a recombinant eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell, such as a transfectoma,
  • Examples of host cells include yeast, bacterial, and mammalian cells, such as CHO or HEK cells. For example, in one embodiment, the host cell may comprise a first and second nucleic acid construct stably integrated into the cellular genome. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a cell comprising a non-integrated nucleic acid, such as a plasmid, cosmid, phagemid, or linear expression element, which comprises a first and second nucleic acid construct as specified above.
  • In an even further aspect, the invention relates to a transgenic non-human animal or plant comprising nucleic acids encoding one or two sets of a human heavy chain and a human light chain, wherein the animal or plant produces an bispecific antibody of the invention of the invention.
  • In a further aspect, the invention relates to a hybridoma which produces an antibody of the invention as defined herein. In an even further aspect, the invention relates to a transgenic non-human animal or plant comprising nucleic acids encoding one or two sets of a human heavy chain and a human light chain, wherein the animal or plant produces an bispecific antibody of the invention of the invention.
  • In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing a HER2×CD3 antibody of the invention, said method comprising the steps of
  • a) culturing a host cell of the invention as described herein above, and
    b) purifying the antibody of the invention from the culture media.
  • Preparation of HER2 and CD3 antibodies Depending on the method for production of a bispecific antibody according to the present invention, it may be relevant to first produce bivalent, monospecifc antibodies. This may for example be relevant if the bispecific antibody is produced as described above which methods are based on the mixing of two bivalent monospecific antibodies under reducing conditions.
  • Monoclonal antibodies, such as the HER2 antibody, for use in the present invention, for example to provide an antigen-binding region sharing an epitope or cross-blocking region with an antibody of cross-block groups 1, 2, 3 or 4 may be produced, e.g., by the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., Nature 256, 495 (1975), or may be produced by recombinant DNA methods. Monoclonal antibodies may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in, for example, Clackson et al., Nature 352, 624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222, 581-597 (1991). Monoclonal antibodies may be obtained from any suitable source. Thus, for example, monoclonal antibodies may be obtained from hybridomas prepared from murine splenic B cells obtained from mice immunized with an antigen of interest, for instance in form of cells expressing the antigen on the surface, or a nucleic acid encoding an antigen of interest. Monoclonal antibodies may also be obtained from hybridomas derived from antibody-expressing cells of immunized humans or non-human mammals such as rats, dogs, primates, etc.
  • In one embodiment, the antibody is a human antibody. Human monoclonal antibodies directed against HER2 or CD3 may be generated using transgenic or transchromosomal mice carrying parts of the human immune system rather than the mouse system. Such transgenic and transchromosomic mice include mice referred to herein as HuMAb® mice and KM mice, respectively, and are collectively referred to herein as “transgenic mice”.
  • The HuMAb® mouse contains a human immunoglobulin gene miniloci that encodes unrearranged human heavy (μ and γ) and κ light chain immunoglobulin sequences, together with targeted mutations that inactivate the endogenous μ and κ chain loci (Lonberg, N. et al., Nature 368, 856-859 (1994)). Accordingly, the mice exhibit reduced expression of mouse IgM or K and in response to immunization, the introduced human heavy and light chain transgenes, undergo class switching and somatic mutation to generate high affinity human IgG,κ monoclonal antibodies (Lonberg, N. et al. (1994), supra; reviewed in Lonberg, N. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 113, 49-101 (1994), Lonberg, N. and Huszar, D., Intern. Rev. Immunol. Vol. 13 65-93 (1995) and Harding, F. and Lonberg, N. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci 764 536-546 (1995)). The preparation of HuMAb mice is described in detail in Taylor, L. et al., Nucleic Acids Research 20, 6287-6295 (1992), Chen, J. et al., International Immunology 5, 647-656 (1993), Tuaillon et al., J. Immunol. 152, 2912-2920 (1994), Taylor, L. et al., International Immunology 6, 579-591 (1994), Fishwild, D. et al., Nature Biotechnology 14, 845-851 (1996). See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,806, U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,825, U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,126, U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,425, U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,650, U.S. Pat. No. 5,877,397, U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,016, U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,318, U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,299, U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,429, U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,807, WO 98/24884, WO 94/25585, WO 93/1227, WO 92/22645, WO 92/03918 and WO 01/09187.
  • The HCo7, HCo12, HCo17 and HCo20 mice have a JKD disruption in their endogenous light chain (kappa) genes (as described in Chen et al., EMBO J. 12, 821-830 (1993)), a CMD disruption in their endogenous heavy chain genes (as described in Example 1 of WO 01/14424), and a KCo5 human kappa light chain transgene (as described in Fishwild et al., Nature Biotechnology 14, 845-851 (1996)). Additionally, the Hco7 mice have a HCo7 human heavy chain transgene (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,429), the HCo12 mice have a HCo12 human heavy chain transgene (as described in Example 2 of WO 01/14424), the HCo17 mice have a HCo17 human heavy chain transgene (as described in Example 2 of WO 01/09187) and the HCo20 mice have a HCo20 human heavy chain transgene. The resulting mice express human immunoglobulin heavy and kappa light chain transgenes in a background homozygous for disruption of the endogenous mouse heavy and kappa light chain loci.
  • In the KM mouse strain, the endogenous mouse kappa light chain gene has been homozygously disrupted as described in Chen et al., EMBO J. 12, 811-820 (1993) and the endogenous mouse heavy chain gene has been homozygously disrupted as described in Example 1 of WO 01/09187. This mouse strain carries a human kappa light chain transgene, KCo5, as described in Fishwild et al., Nature Biotechnology 14, 845-851 (1996). This mouse strain also carries a human heavy chain transchromosome composed of chromosome 14 fragment hCF (SC20) as described in WO 02/43478. HCo12-Balb/C mice can be generated by crossing HCo12 to KCo5[J/K](Balb) as described in WO/2009/097006.
  • Splenocytes from these transgenic mice may be used to generate hybridomas that secrete human monoclonal antibodies according to well known techniques.
  • Further, HER2 antigen-binding regions may be obtained from human antibodies or antibodies from other species identified through display-type technologies, including, without limitation, phage display, retroviral display, ribosomal display, and other techniques, using techniques well known in the art and the resulting molecules may be subjected to additional maturation, such as affinity maturation, as such techniques are well known in the art (see for instance Hoogenboom et al., J. Mol. Biol. 227, 381 (1991) (phage display), Vaughan et al., Nature Biotech 14, 309 (1996) (phage display), Hanes and Plucthau, PNAS USA 94, 4937-4942 (1997) (ribosomal display), Parmley and Smith, Gene 73, 305-318 (1988) (phage display), Scott TIBS 17, 241-245 (1992), Cwirla et al., PNAS USA 87, 6378-6382 (1990), Russel et al., Nucl. Acids Research 21, 1081-1085 (1993), Hogenboom et al., Immunol. Reviews 130, 43-68 (1992), Chiswell and McCafferty TIBTECH 10, 80-84 (1992), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,743). If display technologies are utilized to produce antibodies that are not human, such antibodies may be humanized.
  • The bispecific antibody of the invention can be of any isotype. The choice of isotype typically will be guided by the desired effector functions, such as ADCC induction. Exemplary isotypes are IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. Either of the human light chain constant regions, kappa or lambda, may be used. The effector function of the antibodies of the present invention may be changed by isotype switching to, e.g., an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgD, IgA, IgE, or IgM antibody for various therapeutic uses. In one embodiment, both Fc-regions of an antibody of the present invention are of the IgG1 isotype, for instance an IgG1,κ. In one embodiment, the two Fc-regions of a bispecific antibody are of the IgG1 and IgG4 isotypes, respectively. Optionally, the Fc-region may be modified in the hinge and/or CH3 region as described elsewhere herein.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody of the invention is a full-length antibody, preferably an IgG1 antibody, in particular an IgG1,κ antibody or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the bispecific antibody of the invention comprises an antibody fragment or a single-chain antibody. Antibody fragments may e.g. be obtained by fragmentation using conventional techniques, and the fragments screened for utility in the same manner as described herein for whole antibodies. For example, F(ab′)2 fragments may be generated by treating an antibody with pepsin. The resulting F(ab′)2 fragment may be treated to reduce disulfide bridges with a reducing agent, such as dithiothreitol, to produce Fab′ fragments. Fab fragments may be obtained by treating an antibody with papain. A F(ab′)2 fragment may also be produced by binding Fab′ fragments via a thioether bond or a disulfide bond. Antibody fragments may also be generated by expression of nucleic acids encoding such fragments in recombinant cells (see for instance Evans et al., J. Immunol. Meth. 184, 123-38 (1995)). For example, a chimeric gene encoding a portion of an F(ab′)2 fragment could include DNA sequences encoding the C H1 domain and hinge region of the H chain, followed by a translational stop codon to yield such a truncated antibody fragment molecule.
  • Bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies of the invention may also be prepared from single chain antibodies. Single chain antibodies are peptides in which the heavy and light chain Fv regions are connected. In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody of the present invention comprises a single-chain Fv (scFv) wherein the heavy and light chains in the Fv of a HER2 antibody of the present invention are joined with a flexible peptide linker (typically of about 10, 12, 15 or more amino acid residues) in a single peptide chain. Methods of producing such antibodies are described in for instance U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778, Pluckthun in The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315 (1994), Bird et al., Science 242, 423-426 (1988), Huston et al., PNAS USA 85, 5879-5883 (1988) and McCafferty et al., Nature 348, 552-554 (1990). A bispecific antibody can then be formed from two VH and VL from a single-chain HER2 antibody and a single-chain CD3 antibody, or a polyvalent antibody formed from more than two VH and VL chains.
  • In one embodiment, one or both Fc-regions of the HER2 and CD3 mAbs for producing a bispecific antibody of the invention are effector-function-deficient. In one embodiment, the effector-function-deficient antibody is a human stabilized IgG4 antibody, which has been modified to prevent Fab-arm exchange (van der Neut Kolfschoten et al. (2007) Science 317(5844):1554-7). Examples of suitable human stabilized IgG4 antibodies are antibodies, wherein arginine at position 409 in a heavy chain constant region of human IgG4, which is indicated in the EU index described in Kabat et al., is substituted with lysine, threonine, methionine, or leucine, preferably lysine (described in WO2006033386 (Kirin)) and/or wherein the hinge region has been modified to comprise a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence.
  • In one embodiment, the stabilized IgG4 antibody is an IgG4 antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein said heavy chain comprises a human IgG4 constant region having a residue selected from the group consisting of: Lys, Ala, Thr, Met and Leu at the position corresponding to 409 and/or a residue selected from the group consisting of: Ala, Val, Gly, Ile and Leu at the position corresponding to 405, and wherein said antibody optionally comprises one or more further substitutions, deletions and/or insertions, but does not comprise a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence in the hinge region. Preferably, said antibody comprises a Lys or Ala residue at the position corresponding to 409 or the CH3 region of the antibody has been replaced by the CH3 region of human IgG1, of human IgG2 or of human IgG3. See also WO2008145142 (Genmab) and WO 211131746 (Genmab).
  • In an even further embodiment, the stabilized IgG4 antibody is an IgG4 antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein said heavy chain comprises a human IgG4 constant region having a residue selected from the group consisting of: Lys, Ala, Thr, Met and Leu at the position corresponding to 409 and/or a residue selected from the group consisting of: Ala, Val, Gly, Ile and Leu at the position corresponding to 405, and wherein said antibody optionally comprises one or more further substitutions, deletions and/or insertions and wherein said antibody comprises a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence in the hinge region. Preferably, said antibody comprises a Lys or Ala residue at the position corresponding to 409 or the CH3 region of the antibody has been replaced by the CH3 region of human IgG1, of human IgG2 or of human IgG3.
  • In a further embodiment, the effector-function-deficient antibody is an antibody of a non-IgG4 type, e.g. IgG1, IgG2 or IgG3 which has been mutated such that the ability to mediate effector functions, such as ADCC, has been reduced or even eliminated. Such mutations have e.g. been described in Dall'Acqua W F et al., J Immunol. 177(2):1129-1138 (2006) and Hezareh M, J Virol.; 75(24):12161-12168 (2001).
    • Conjugates
  • In a further aspect, the present invention provides a bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody linked or conjugated to one or more therapeutic moieties, such as a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic drug, a cytokine, an immunosuppressant, and/or a radioisotope. Such conjugates are referred to herein as “immunoconjugates” or “drug conjugates”. Immunoconjugates which include one or more cytotoxins are referred to as “immunotoxins”.
    • Compositions
  • In a further main aspect, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising:
  • a bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody as defined herein, and
  • a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.
  • The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain one bispecific antibody of the present invention or a combination of different bispecific antibodies of the present invention.
  • The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in accordance with conventional techniques such as those disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1995. A pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may e.g. include diluents, fillers, salts, buffers, detergents (e. g., a nonionic detergent, such as Tween-20 or Tween-80), stabilizers (e. g., sugars or protein-free amino acids), preservatives, tissue fixatives, solubilizers, and/or other materials suitable for inclusion in a pharmaceutical composition.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include any and all suitable solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonicity agents, antioxidants and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible with a bispecific antibody of the present invention. Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers which may be employed in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include water, saline, phosphate buffered saline, ethanol, dextrose, polyols (such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils, carboxymethyl cellulose colloidal solutions, tragacanth gum and injectable organic esters, such as ethyl oleate, and/or various buffers. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. Proper fluidity may be maintained, for example, by the use of coating materials, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of surfactants.
  • Pharmaceutical bispecific antibodies of the present invention may also comprise pharmaceutically acceptable antioxidants for instance (1) water soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite and the like; (2) oil-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, lecithin, propyl gallate, alpha-tocopherol, and the like; and (3) metal chelating agents, such as citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sorbitol, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.
  • Pharmaceutical bispecific antibodies of the present invention may also comprise isotonicity agents, such as sugars, polyalcohols, such as mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol or sodium chloride in the compositions.
  • The pharmaceutical bispecific antibodies of the present invention may also contain one or more adjuvants appropriate for the chosen route of administration such as preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, dispersing agents, preservatives or buffers, which may enhance the shelf life or effectiveness of the pharmaceutical composition. The bispecific antibodies of the present invention may be prepared with carriers that will protect the bispecific antibody against rapid release, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery systems. Such carriers may include gelatin, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate, biodegradable, biocompatible polymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid alone or with a wax, or other materials well known in the art. Methods for the preparation of such formulations are generally known to those skilled in the art.
  • Sterile injectable solutions may be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients e.g. as enumerated above, as required, followed by sterilization microfiltration. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients e.g. from those enumerated above. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, examples of methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze-drying (lyophilization) that yield a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
  • The actual dosage levels of the active ingredients in the pharmaceutical compositions may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active ingredient which is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular patient, composition, and mode of administration, without being toxic to the patient. The selected dosage level will depend upon a variety of pharmacokinetic factors including the activity of the particular compositions of the present invention employed, or the amide thereof, the route of administration, the time of administration, the rate of excretion of the particular compound being employed, the duration of the treatment, other drugs, compounds and/or materials used in combination with the particular compositions employed, the age, sex, weight, condition, general health and prior medical history of the patient being treated, and like factors well known in the medical arts.
  • The pharmaceutical composition may be administered by any suitable route and mode. In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered parenterally. “Administered parenterally” as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration, usually by injection, and include epidermal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, intratendinous, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticular, subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal, intracranial, intrathoracic, epidural and intrasternal injection and infusion.
  • In one embodiment that pharmaceutical composition is administered by intravenous or subcutaneous injection or infusion.
    • Uses
  • In a further main aspect, the invention relates to a bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody of the invention for use as a medicament.
  • The bispecific antibodies of the invention may be used for a number of purposes. In particular, the antibodies of the invention may be used for the treatment of various forms of cancer, including metastatic cancer and refractory cancer.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibodies of the invention are used for the treatment of breast cancer, including primary, metastatic, and refractory breast cancer.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibodies of the invention are used for the treatment of a form of cancer selected from the group consisting of prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, testis cancer, malignant melanoma and a soft-tissue cancer (e.g. synovial sarcoma).
  • Similarly, the invention relates to a method for killing a tumor cell expressing HER2, comprising administration, to an individual in need thereof, of an effective amount of an antibody of the invention, such as an antibody drug-conjugate (ADC).
  • The present invention also relates to a method for inhibiting growth and/or proliferation of one or more tumor cells expressing HER2, comprising administration, to an indicidual in need thereof, of a bispecific antibody of the present invention.
  • The present invention alto relates to a method for treating cancer, comprising
      • a) selecting a subject suffering from a cancer comprising rumor cells co-expressing HER2, and
      • b) administering to the subject the bispecific antibody of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • In one embodiment, said tumor cell is involved in a form of cancer selected from the group consisting of: breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, testis cancer, malignant melanoma, and a soft-tissue cancer (e.g., synovial sarcoma).
  • In one embodiment, the tumor cell is one that co-expresses HER2, and is a tumor cell involved in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial/cervical cancer, lung cancer, malignant melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, testis cancer, a soft-tissue tumor (e.g., synovial sarcoma), or bladder cancer.
  • In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for treating cancer in a subject, comprising selecting a subject suffering from a cancer comprising tumor cells expressing HER2, and administering to the subject a bispecific antibody of the invention. In one embodiment, the subject suffers from a cancer selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial/cervical cancer, lung cancer, malignant melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, testis cancer, a soft-tissue tumor (e.g., synovial sarcoma), or bladder cancer.
  • Also, the invention relates to the use of a bispecific antibody that binds to human HER2 and human CD3 for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, such as one of the specific cancer indications mentioned above.
  • The invention further relates to a bispecific antibody for use in the treatment of cancer, such as one of the cancer indications mentioned above.
  • In a further embodiment of the methods of treatment of the present invention, the efficacy of the treatment is being monitored during the therapy, e.g. at predefined points in time, by determining tumor burden or HER2 expression levels on the relevant tumor cells.
  • Dosage regimens in the above methods of treatment and uses are adjusted to provide the optimum desired response (e.g., a therapeutic response). For example, a single bolus may be administered, several divided doses may be administered over time or the dose may be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. Parenteral compositions may be formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage.
  • The efficient dosages and the dosage regimens for the bispecific antibodies depend on the disease or condition to be treated and may be determined by the persons skilled in the art. An exemplary, non-limiting range for a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention is about 0.001-10 mg/kg, such as about 0.001-5 mg/kg, for example about 0.001-2 mg/kg, such as about 0.001-1 mg/kg, for instance about 0.001, about 0.01, about 0.1, about 1 or about 10 mg/kg.
  • A physician or veterinarian having ordinary skill in the art may readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition required. For example, the physician or veterinarian could start doses of the bispecific antibody employed in the pharmaceutical composition at levels lower than that required in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved. In general, a suitable daily dose of a bispecific antibody of the present invention will be that amount of the compound which is the lowest dose effective to produce a therapeutic effect. Administration may e.g. be parenteral, such as intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous. In one embodiment, the bispecific antibodies may be administered by infusion in a weekly dosage of calculated by mg/m2. Such dosages can, for example, be based on the mg/kg dosages provided above according to the following: dose (mg/kg)×70: 1.8. Such administration may be repeated, e.g., 1 to 8 times, such as 3 to 5 times. The administration may be performed by continuous infusion over a period of from 2 to 24 hours, such as of from 2 to 12 hours. In one embodiment, the bispecific antibodies may be administered by slow continuous infusion over a long period, such as more than 24 hours, in order to reduce toxic side effects.
  • In one embodiment the bispecific antibodies may be administered in a weekly dosage of calculated as a fixed dose for up to 8 times, such as from 4 to 6 times when given once a week. Such regimen may be repeated one or more times as necessary, for example, after 6 months or 12 months. Such fixed dosages can, for example, be based on the mg/kg dosages provided above, with a body weight estimate of 70 kg. The dosage may be determined or adjusted by measuring the amount of bispecific antibody of the present invention in the blood upon administration by for instance taking out a biological sample and using anti-idiotypic antibodies which target the HER2 antigen binding region of the bispecific antibodies of the present invention.
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibodies may be administered by maintenance therapy, such as, e.g., once a week for a period of 6 months or more.
  • A bispecific antibody may also be administered prophylactically in order to reduce the risk of developing cancer, delay the onset of the occurrence of an event in cancer progression, and/or reduce the risk of recurrence when a cancer is in remission.
  • The bispecific antibodies of the invention may also be administered in combination therapy, i.e., combined with other therapeutic agents relevant for the disease or condition to be treated. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the antibody-containing medicament is for combination with one or more further therapeutic agent, such as a cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-angiogenic agent.
  • Such combined administration may be simultaneous, separate or sequential. For simultaneous administration the agents may be administered as one composition or as separate compositions, as appropriate. The present invention thus also provides methods for treating a disorder involving cells expressing HER2 as described above, which methods comprise administration of a bispecific antibody of the present invention combined with one or more additional therapeutic agents as described below.
  • In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating a disorder involving cells expressing HER2 in a subject, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody of the present invention, and optionally at least one additional therapeutic agent, or an antibody binding to a different HER2 epitope than said antibody, to a subject in need thereof.
  • In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing cancer, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody of the present invention and at least one additional therapeutic agent to a subject in need thereof.
  • In one embodiment, such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from an antimetabolite, such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, fludarabine, 5-fluorouracil, decarbazine, hydroxyurea, asparaginase, gemcitabine or cladribine.
  • In another embodiment, such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from an alkylating agent, such as mechlorethamine, thioepa, chlorambucil, melphalan, carmustine (BSNU), lomustine (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, busulfan, dibromomannitol, streptozotocin, dacarbazine (DTIC), procarbazine, mitomycin C, cisplatin and other platinum derivatives, such as carboplatin.
  • In another embodiment, such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from an anti-mitotic agent, such as taxanes, for instance docetaxel, and paclitaxel, and vinca alkaloids, for instance vindesine, vincristine, vinblastine, and vinorelbine.
  • In another embodiment, such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from a topoisomerase inhibitor, such as topotecan or irinotecan, or a cytostatic drug, such as etoposide and teniposide.
  • In another embodiment, such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from a growth factor inhibitor, such as an inhibitor of ErbB1 (EGFR) (such as an EGFR antibody, e.g. zalutumumab, cetuximab, panitumumab or nimotuzumab or other EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib or erlotinib), another inhibitor of ErbB2 (HER2/neu) (such as a HER2 antibody, e.g. trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1 or pertuzumab) or an inhibitor of both EGFR and HER2, such as lapatinib).
  • In another embodiment, such an additional therapeutic agent may be selected from a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, such as imatinib (Glivec, Gleevec STI571) or lapatinib, PTK787/ZK222584.
  • In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating a disorder involving cells expressing HER2 in a subject, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody of the present invention and at least one inhibitor of angiogenesis, neovascularization, and/or other vascularization to a subject in need thereof
  • Examples of such angiogenesis inhibitors are urokinase inhibitors, matrix metalloprotease inhibitors (such as marimastat, neovastat, BAY 12-9566, AG 3340, BMS-275291 and similar agents), inhibitors of endothelial cell migration and proliferation (such as TNP-470, squalamine, 2-methoxyestradiol, combretastatins, endostatin, angiostatin, penicillamine, SCH66336 (Schering-Plough Corp, Madison, N.J.), R115777 (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc, Titusville, N.J.) and similar agents), antagonists of angiogenic growth factors (such as such as ZD6474, SU6668, antibodies against angiogenic agents and/or their receptors (such as VEGF (e.g. bevacizumab), bFGF, and angiopoietin-1), thalidomide, thalidomide analogs (such as CC-5013), Sugen 5416, SU5402, antiangiogenic ribozyme (such as angiozyme), interferon α (such as interferon α2a), suramin and similar agents), VEGF-R kinase inhibitors and other anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (such as SU011248), inhibitors of endothelial-specific integrin/survival signaling (such as vitaxin and similar agents), copper antagonists/chelators (such as tetrathiomolybdate, captopril and similar agents), carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), ABT-627, CM101, interleukin-12 (IL-12), IM862, PNU145156E as well as nucleotide molecules inhibiting angiogenesis (such as antisense-VEGF-cDNA, cDNA coding for angiostatin, cDNA coding for p53 and cDNA coding for deficient VEGF receptor-2).
  • Other examples of such inhibitors of angiogenesis, neovascularization, and/or other vascularization are anti-angiogenic heparin derivatives (e.g., heperinase III), temozolomide, NK4, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, anti-angiogenic soy isoflavones, oltipraz, fumagillin and analogs thereof, somatostatin analogues, pentosan polysulfate, tecogalan sodium, dalteparin, tumstatin, thrombospondin, NM-3, combrestatin, canstatin, avastatin, antibodies against other targets, such as anti-alpha-v/beta-3 integrin and anti-kininostatin antibodies.
  • In one embodiment, a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be an anti-cancer immunogen, such as a cancer antigen/tumor-associated antigen (e.g., epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM/TACSTD1), mucin 1 (MUC1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), gp100, Melan-A, MART-1, KDR, RCAS1, MDA7, cancer-associated viral vaccines (e.g., human papillomavirus vaccines) or tumor-derived heat shock proteins,
  • In one embodiment, a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be an anti-cancer cytokine, chemokine, or combination thereof. Examples of suitable cytokines and growth factors include IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-18, IL-23, IL-24, IL-27, IL-28a, IL-28b, IL-29, KGF, IFNα (e.g., INFα2b), IFNβ, GM-CSF, CD40L, Flt3 ligand, stem cell factor, ancestim, and TNFα. Suitable chemokines may include Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR)-negative chemokines such as IP-10, MCP-3, MIG, and SDF-1a from the human CXC and C-C chemokine families. Suitable cytokines include cytokine derivatives, cytokine variants, cytokine fragments, and cytokine fusion proteins.
  • In one embodiment, a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be a cell cycle control/apoptosis regulator (or “regulating agent”). A cell cycle control/apoptosis regulator may include molecules that target and modulate cell cycle control/apoptosis regulators such as (i) cdc-25 (such as NSC 663284), (ii) cyclin-dependent kinases that overstimulate the cell cycle (such as flavopiridol (L868275, HMR1275), 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01, KW-2401), and roscovitine (R-roscovitine, CYC202)), and (iii) telomerase modulators (such as BIBR1532, SOT-095, GRN163 and compositions described in for instance U.S. Pat. No. 6,440,735 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,055). Non-limiting examples of molecules that interfere with apoptotic pathways include TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/apoptosis-2 ligand (Apo-2L), antibodies that activate TRAIL receptors, IFNs, and anti-sense Bcl-2.
  • In one embodiment, a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be a hormonal regulating agent, such as agents useful for anti-androgen and anti-estrogen therapy. Examples of such hormonal regulating agents are tamoxifen, idoxifene, fulvestrant, droloxifene, toremifene, raloxifene, diethylstilbestrol, ethinyl estradiol/estinyl, an antiandrogene (such as flutaminde/eulexin), a progestin (such as such as hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxy-progesterone/provera, megestrol acepate/megace), an adrenocorticosteroid (such as hydrocortisone, prednisone), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (and analogs thereof and other LHRH agonists such as buserelin and goserelin), an aromatase inhibitor (such as anastrazole/arimidex, aminoglutethimide/cytraden, exemestane) or a hormone inhibitor (such as octreotide/sandostatin).
  • In one embodiment, a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be an anti-anergic agent, such asmolecules that block the activity of CTLA-4, e.g. ipilimumab.
  • In one embodiment, a therapeutic agent for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above may be an anti-cancer nucleic acid or an anti-cancer inhibitory RNA molecule.
  • Examples of other anti-cancer agents, which may be relevant as therapeutic agents for use in combination with a bispecific antibody according to the invention for treating the disorders as described above are differentiation inducing agents, retinoic acid analogues (such as all trans retinoic acid, 13-cis retinoic acid and similar agents), vitamin D analogues (such as seocalcitol and similar agents), inhibitors of ErbB3, ErbB4, IGF-IR, insulin receptor, PDGFRa, PDGFRbeta, Flk2, Flt4, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, TRKA, TRKC, RON (such as an anti-RON antibody), Sea, Tie, Tie2, Eph, Ret, Ros, Alk, LTK, PTK7 and similar agents.
  • Examples of other anti-cancer agents, which may be relevant as therapeutic agents for use in combination with a bispecific antibody according to the invention for treating the disorders as described above are estramustine and epirubicin.
  • Examples of other anti-cancer agents, which may be relevant as therapeutic agents for use in combination with a bispecific antibody according to the invention for treating the disorders as described above are a HSP90 inhibitor like 17-allyl amino geld-anamycin, antibodies directed against a tumor antigen such as PSA, CA125, KSA, integrins, e.g. integrin β1, or inhibitors of VCAM. Examples of other anti-cancer agents, which may be relevant as therapeutic agents for use in combination with a bispecific antibody for treating the disorders as described above are calcineurin-inhibitors (such as valspodar, PSC 833 and other MDR-1 or p-glycoprotein inhibitors), TOR-inhibitors (such as sirolimus, everolimus and rapamcyin), and inhibitors of “lymphocyte homing” mechanisms (such as FTY720), and agents with effects on cell signaling such as adhesion molecule inhibitors (for instance anti-LFA).
  • In one embodiment, the bispecific antibody of the invention is for use in combination with one or more other therapeutic antibodies, such as ofatumumab, zanolimumab, daratumumab, ranibizumab, nimotuzumab, panitumumab, hu806, daclizumab (Zenapax), basiliximab (Simulect), infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), natalizumab (Tysabri), omalizumab (Xolair), efalizumab (Raptiva) and/or rituximab.
  • In another embodiment, two or more different antibodies of the invention as described herein are used in combination for the treatment of disease. Particularly interesting combinations include two or more non-blocking antibodies. Such combination therapy may lead to binding of an increased number of antibody molecules per cell, which may give increase efficacy, e.g. via activation of complement-mediated lysis.
  • In addition to the above, other embodiments of combination therapies of the invention include the following:
  • For the treatment of breast cancer, a bispecific antibody or a therapeutic conjugate thereof, in combination with methotrexate, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, ixabepilone, mutamycin, mitoxantrone, vinorelbine, docetaxel, thiotepa, vincristine, capecitabine, an EGFR antibody (e.g. zalutumumab, cetuximab, panitumumab or nimotuzumab) or other EGFR inhibitor (such as gefitinib or erlotinib), another HER2 antibody or -conjugate (such as, e.g., trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1 or pertuzumab), an inhibitor of both EGFR and HER2 (such as lapatinib), and/or in combination with a HER3 inhibitor.
  • For the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer, a bispecific antibody of the invention in combination with EGFR inhibitors, such as an EGFR antibody, e.g. zalutumumab, cetuximab, panitumumab or nimotuzumab or other EGFR inhibitors (such as gefitinib or erlotinib), or in combination with an another HER2 agent (such as a HER2 antibody, e.g. trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1 or pertuzumab) or in combination with an inhibitor of both EGFR and HER2, such as lapatinib, or in combination with a HER3 inhibitor.
  • For the treatment of colorectal cancer, a bispecific antibody of the invention in combination with one or more compounds selected from: gemcitabine, bevacizumab, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, XELOX, IFL, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-FU/LV, Capecitabine, UFT, EGFR targeting agents, such as cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab; VEGF inhibitors, or tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sunitinib.
  • For the treatment of prostate cancer, a bispecific antibody in combination with one or more compounds selected from: hormonal/antihormonal therapies; such as antiandrogens, Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, and chemotherapeutics such as taxanes, mitoxantrone, estramustine, 5FU, vinblastine, and ixabepilone.
    • Radiotherapy—Surgery
  • In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating a disorder involving cells expressing HER2 in a subject, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody, such as a HER2×CD3 antibody of the present invention, and radiotherapy to a subject in need thereof.
  • In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing cancer, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody, such as a HER2×CD3 antibody of the present invention, and radiotherapy to a subject in need thereof.
  • In one embodiment, the present invention provides the use of a bispecific antibody of the present invention, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer to be administered in combination with radiotherapy.
  • Radiotherapy may comprise radiation or associated administration of radiopharmaceuticals to a patient is provided. The source of radiation may be either external or internal to the patient being treated (radiation treatment may, for example, be in the form of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BT)). Radioactive elements that may be used in practicing such methods include, e.g., radium, cesium-137, iridium-192, americium-241, gold-198, cobalt-57, copper-67, technetium-99, iodide-123, iodide-131, and indium-111.
  • In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing cancer, which method comprises administration to a subject in need thereof of a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody of the present invention, in combination with surgery.
    • Diagnostic Uses
  • The bispecific antibodies of the invention may also be used for diagnostic purposes. Thus, in a further aspect, the invention relates to a diagnostic composition comprising a bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody as defined herein, and to its use. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a kit for diagnosis of cancer comprising a container comprising a bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody, and one or more reagents for detecting binding of the antibody to HER2. Reagents may include, for example, fluorescent tags, enzymatic tags, or other detectable tags. The reagents may also include secondary or tertiary antibodies or reagents for enzymatic reactions, wherein the enzymatic reactions produce a product that may be visualized.
  • The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
    • EXAMPLES Example 1 Expression Constructs for HER2 and HER2 Variants
  • Fully codon-optimized constructs for expression of full length HER2 (1255 aa, Swissprot P04626), the extracellular domain (ECD) of HER2 (Her2-ECDHis, aa 1-653 with a C-terminal His6 tag), the naturally occurring HER2 splice variant (Her2-delex16, resulting from exon 16 deletion and lacking aa 633-648) and a truncated form of the HER2 receptor (Her2-stumpy, aa 648-1256), were generated. The construct contained suitable restriction sites for cloning and an optimal Kozak sequence (Kozak, M., Gene 1999; 234(2):187-208.). The constructs were cloned in the mammalian expression vector pEE13.4 (Lonza Biologics; Bebbington, C. R., et al., Biotechnology (N Y) 1992; 10(2):169-75) and fully sequenced to confirm the correctness of the construct.
    • Example 2 Expression Constructs for Pertuzumab, C1 and F5
  • Fully codon-optimized constructs for expression of the heavy chain (HC) and the light chain (LC) of the IgG1 antibodies pertuzumab, C1 and F5 in HEK cells, were generated. The variable regions encoded by these constructs are identical to those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,949,245 for pertuzumab heavy chain and light chain and U.S. Pat. No. 7,244,826 for C1 and F5 heavy and light chain. For C1 and F5, the mammalian expression vectors p33G1f and p33K or p33L (pcDNA3.3 (Invitrogen)) containing the fully codon optimized constant region for the human IgG1 heavy chain (allotype f), the human kappa light chain or the human lambda light chain, respectively, were used. For pertuzumab, the mammalian expression vectors pG1f (pEE12.4 (Lonza Biologics) and pKappa (pEE6.4 (Lonza Biologics), containing the fully codon-optimized constant region for the human IgG1 heavy chain (allotype f) and the human kappa light chain, respectively, were used.
  • Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) can be produced in the same manner, using the heavy and light chain sequences described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,632,924.
  • The sequence disclosures of U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,949,245; 7,244,826 and 7,632,924 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirities.
    • Example 3 Transient Expression in HEK-293 or CHO Cells
  • Freestyle™ 293-F (a HEK-293 subclone adapted to suspension growth and chemically defined Freestyle medium, (HEK-293F)) cells were obtained from Invitrogen and transfected with the appropriate plasmid DNA, using 293fectin (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. In the case of antibody expression, the appropriate heavy chain and light chain expression vectors were co-expressed.
  • pEE13.4Her2, pEE13.4Her2-delex16 and pEE13.4Her2-stumpy were transiently transfected in the Freestyle™ CHO-S (Invitrogen) cell line using Freestyle MAX transfection reagent (Invitrogen). Expression of HER2 and Her2-delex16 was tested by means of FACS analysis as described below.
    • Example 4 Stable Polyclonal Pool Expression in NS0
  • pEE13.4Her2, pEE13.4Her2-delex16 and pEE13.4Her2-stumpy were stably transfected in NS0 cells by nucleofection (Amaxa). A pool of stably transfected cells was established after selection on glutamine dependent growth, based on the integrated glutamine synthetase selection marker (Barnes, L. M., et al., Cytotechnology 2000; 32(2):109-123).
    • Example 5 Purification of His-Tagged HER2
  • Her2ECDHis was expressed in HEK-293F cells. The His-tag in Her2ECDHis enabled purification with immobilized metal affinity chromatography, since the His-tagged protein binds strongly to the resin beads, while other proteins present in the culture supernatant do not bind strongly.
  • In this process, a chelator fixed onto the chromatographic resin was charged with Co2+ cations. Her2ECDHis containing supernatant was incubated with the resin in batch mode (i.e. solution). After incubation, the beads were retrieved from the supernatant and packed into a column. The column was washed in order to remove weakly bound proteins. The strongly bound Her2ECDHis proteins were then eluted with a buffer containing imidazole, which competes with the binding of His to Co2+. The eluent was removed from the protein by buffer exchange on a desalting column.
    • Example 6 Immunization Procedure of Transgenic Mice
  • Antibodies 001, 019, 021, 025, 027, 032, 033, 035, 036, 049, 050, 051, 054, 055, 084, 091, 094, 098, 100, 105, 123 and 124 were derived from the following immunization: three female HCo12 mice, one male and two female HCo12-Balb/C mice, one male HCo17 mouse and one male HCo20 mouse (Medarex, San José, Calif., USA) were immunized alternating with 5×106 NS0 cells stably transfected with Her2ECD intraperitoneal (IP) and 20 μg Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) subcutaneous (SC) at the tail base, with an interval of fourteen days. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed per mouse (four IP and four SC immunizations). The first immunization with cells was done in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA). For all other immunizations, cells were injected IP in PBS and KLH coupled Her2ECDHis was injected SC using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • Antibodies 125, 127, 129, 132, 152, 153 and 159 were derived from the following immunization: one male and two female HCo12-Balb/C mice, one female HCo20 mouse, and one female HCo12 mouse (Medarex) were immunized alternating with 5×106 NS0 cells stably transfected with Her2delex16 IP and 20 μg Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) SC at the tail base, with an interval of fourteen days. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed per mouse (four IP and four SC immunizations). The first immunization with cells was done in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA). For all other immunizations, cells were injected IP in PBS and KLH coupled Her2ECD was injected SC using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • Antibody 143, 160, 161, 162, 166 and 169 were derived from the following immunization: one female and one male Hco12 mouse, one female Hco12-Balb/C mouse, one male HCo17 mouse and one male HCo20 mouse (Medarex) were immunized alternating with 20 μg Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), alternating IP and SC at the tail base with an interval of fourteen days. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed per mouse (four IP and four SC immunizations). The first immunization was done IP in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA). The other immunizations were injected using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • Antibodies 005, 006, 041, 044, 059, 060, 067, 072, 093, 106 and 111 were derived from the following immunization procedure: two female HCo12 mice, one female and one male HCo12-Balb/C mouse, one female and one male HCo17 mouse, and two male HCo20 mice (Medarex, San José, Calif., USA) were immunized every fortnight, alternating between 5×106 NS0 cells stably transfected with Her2ECDHis intraperitoneal (IP) and 20 μg Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) subcutaneous (SC) at the tail base. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed per mouse (four IP and four SC immunizations). The first immunization with cells was done in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA). For all other immunizations, cells were injected IP in PBS and KLH coupled Her2ECD was injected SC using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • Antibody 150 was derived from immunization of one female HCo17 mouse (Medarex) alternating with 5×106 NS0 cells stably transfected with Her2delex16 IP and 20 μg Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) SC at the tail base, with an interval of fourteen days. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed (four IP and four SC immunizations). The first immunization with cells was done in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA). For all other immunizations, cells were injected IP in PBS and KLH coupled Her2ECD was injected SC using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • Antibody 163 was derived from immunization of one male HCo20 mouse (Medarex) with 20 μg Her2ECDHis protein coupled to the hapten Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), alternating IP and SC at the tailbase with an interval of fourteen days. A maximum of eight immunizations was performed (four IP and four SC immunizations). The first immunization was done IP in complete Freunds' adjuvant (CFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA). The other immunizations were injected using incomplete Freunds' adjuvant (IFA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., USA).
  • Mice with at least two sequential titers against TC1014-Her2, TC1014-Her2delex16 or TC1014-Her2stumpy in the antigen specific FMAT screening assay (as described in Example 7), were considered positive and fused.
    • Example 7 Homogeneous Antigen Specific Screening Assay
  • The presence of HER2 antibodies in sera of immunized mice or HuMab (human monoclonal antibody) hybridoma or transfectoma culture supernatant was determined by homogeneous antigen specific screening assays (four quadrant) using Fluorometric Micro volume Assay Technology (FMAT; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., USA). For this, a combination of 4 cell based assays was used. Binding to TC1014-Her2 (CHO-S cells transiently expressing the HER2 receptor; produced as described above), TC1014-Her2delex16 (CHO-S cells transiently expressing the extracellular domain of Her2-delex (a 16 amino acid deletion mutant of the HER2 receptor; produced as described above) and TC1014-Her2stumpy (CHO-S cells transiently expressing the extracellular stumpy domain of the HER2 receptor; produced as described above) as well as CHO-S wild type cells (negative control cells which do not express HER2) was determined. Samples were added to the cells to allow binding to HER2. Subsequently, binding of HuMab was detected using a fluorescent conjugate (Goat anti-Human IgG-Cy5; Jackson ImmunoResearch). TH1014-Pertuzumab (produced in HEK-293F cells) was used as a positive control and HuMab®-mouse pooled serum and HuMab-KLH were used as negative controls. The samples were scanned using an Applied Biosystems 8200 Cellular Detection System (8200 CDS) and ‘counts×fluorescence’ was used as read-out. Samples were stated positive when counts were higher than 50 and counts×fluorescence were at least three times higher than the negative control.
    • Example 8 HuMab Hybridoma Generation
  • HuMab mice with sufficient antigen-specific titer development (defined as above) were sacrificed and the spleen and lymph nodes flanking the abdominal aorta and vena cava were collected. Fusion of splenocytes and lymph node cells to a mouse myeloma cell line was done by electrofusion using a CEEF 50 Electrofusion System (Cyto Pulse Sciences, Glen Burnie, Md., USA), essentially according to the manufacturer's instructions. Next, the primary wells were sub cloned using the ClonePix system (Genetix, Hampshire, UK). To this end specific primary well hybridoma's were seeded in semisolid medium made from 40% CloneMedia (Genetix, Hampshire, UK) and 60% HyQ 2× complete media (Hyclone, Waltham, USA). The sub clones were retested in the antigen-specific binding assay as described in Example 7 and IgG levels were measured using an Octet (Fortebio, Menlo Park, USA) in order to select the most specific and best producing clone per primary well for further expansion. Further expansion and culturing of the resulting HuMab hybridomas were done based upon standard protocols (e.g. as described in Coligan J. E., Bierer, B. E., Margulies, D. H., Shevach, E. M. and Strober, W., eds. Current Protocols in Immunology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006). Clones derived by this process were designated PC1014.
    • Example 9 Mass Spectrometry of Purified Antibodies
  • Small aliquots of 0.8 mL antibody containing supernatant from 6-well or Hyperflask stage were purified using PhyTip columns containing Protein G resin (PhyNexus Inc., San Jose, USA) on a Sciclone ALH 3000 workstation (Caliper Lifesciences, Hopkinton, USA). The PhyTip columns were used according to manufacturer's instructions, although buffers were replaced by: Binding Buffer PBS (B. Braun, Medical B. V., Oss, Netherlands) and Elution Buffer 0.1M Glycine-HCl pH 2.7 (Fluka Riedel-de Haën, Buchs, Germany). After purification, samples were neutralized with 2M Tris-HCl, pH 9.0 (Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, Netherlands). Alternatively, in some cases larger volumes of culture supernatant were purified using MabSelect SuRe columns (GE Health Care).
  • After purification, the samples were placed in a 384-well plate (Waters, 100 μl square well plate, part#186002631). Samples were deglycosylated overnight at 37° C. with N-glycosidase F (Roche cat no 11365177001. DTT (15 mg/mL) was added (1 μL/well) and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. Samples (5 or 6 μL) were desalted on an Acquity UPLC™ (Waters, Milford, USA) with a BEH300 C18, 1.7 μm, 2.1×50 mm column at 60° C. MQ water and LC-MS grade acetonitrile (Biosolve, cat no 01204101, Valkenswaard, The Netherlands) with both 0.1% formic acid (Fluke, cat no 56302, Buchs, Germany), were used as Eluens A and B, respectively. Time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectra were recorded on-line on a micrOTOF™ mass spectrometer (Bruker, Bremen, Germany) operating in the positive ion mode. Prior to analysis, a 900-3000 m/z scale was calibrated with ES tuning mix (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA). Mass spectra were deconvoluted with DataAnalysis™ software v. 3.4 (Bruker) using the Maximal Entropy algorithm searching for molecular weights between 5 and 80 kDa.
  • After deconvolution, the resulting heavy and light chain masses for all samples were compared in order to find duplicate antibodies. This was sometimes due to the presence of an extra light chain, but in the comparison of the heavy chains, the possible presence of C-terminal lysine variants was also taken into account. This resulted in a list of unique antibodies, i.e., a unique combination of specific heavy and light chains. In case duplicate antibodies were found, one unique antibody was selected based on results from other tests.
    • Example 10 Sequence Analysis of the HER2 Antibody Variable Domains and Cloning in Expression Vectors
  • Total RNA of the HER2 HuMabs was prepared from 5×106 hybridoma cells and 5′-RACE-Complementary DNA (cDNA) was prepared from 100 ng total RNA, using the SMART RACE cDNA Amplification kit (Clontech), according to the manufacturer's instructions. VH and VL coding regions were amplified by PCR and cloned directly, in frame, in the pG1f and pKappa expression vectors, by ligation independent cloning (Aslanidis, C. and P. J. de Jong, Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18(20): 6069-74). The appropriate heacy chain and light chain vectors were transiently co-expressed in Freestyle™ 293-F cells using 293fectin. Clones derived by this process were designated TH1014 (TH stands for transient HEK cells). For each antibody, 16 VL clones and 8 VH clones were sequenced. Clones with predicted heavy and light chain mass in agreement with the mass of the hybridoma derived material of the same antibody (as determined by mass spectrometry) were selected for further study and expression.
  • The resulting sequences are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and in the Sequence Listing. Selected sequences are also described in more detail below. CDR sequences were defined according to IMGT (Lefranc M P. et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 27, 209-212, 1999 and Brochet X. Nucl. Acids Res. 36, W503-508 (2008)). Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 give an overview of antibody sequence information or germline sequences, and Table 4 shows consensus sequences.
  • TABLE 1A and 1B
    Heavy chain variable region (VH), light chain variable
    region (VL) and CDR sequences of  HuMabs  169, 050, 084,
    025, 091, 129, 127, 159, 098, 153, and 132 (Table 1A)
    and  HuMabs  005, 006, 059, 060, 106, and 111 (Table 1B).
    1A:
    SEQ ID No: 1 VH 169 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTNYGISW
    VRQAPGQGLEWMGWLSAYSGNTIYAQKLQGRVTMT
    TDTSTTTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCARDRIVVRPDYF
    DYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 2 VH 169, CDR1 GYTFTNYG
    SEQ ID No: 3 VH 169, CDR2 LSAYSGNT
    SEQ ID No: 4 VH 169, CDR3 ARDRIVVRPDYFDY
    SEQ ID No: 5 VL 169 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQ
    QKPGQAPRLLIYDASNRATGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTI
    SSLEPEDFAVYYCQQRSNWPRTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 6 VL 169, CDR1 QSVSSY
    VL 169, CDR2 DAS
    SEQ ID No: 7 VL 169, CDR3 QQRSNWPRT
    SEQ ID No: 8 VH 050 EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYAM NW
    VRQAPGKGLEWVSAISGRGGTTYYADSVKGRFTISR
    DNSKNTLYLQMSSLRAEDTAVYYCAKARANWDYFDY
    WGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 9 VH 050, CDR1 GFTFSSYA
    SEQ ID No: 10 VH 050, CDR2 ISGRGGTT
    SEQ ID No: 11 VH 050, CDR3 AKARANWDYFDY
    SEQ ID No: 12 VL 050 DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWY
    QHKPGKAPKLLIYAASILQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISSLQPEDFATYYCQQANSFPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 13 VL 050, CDR1 QGISSW
    VL 050, CDR2 AAS
    SEQ ID No: 14 VL 050, CDR3 QQANSFPIT
    SEQ ID No: 15 VH 084 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGGTFRTYAINW
    VRQAPGQGLEWMGRINTVLGIVNHAQKFQGRVTITA
    DKSTNTAYMELNSLRSEDTAVYYCAREKGVDYYYGIE
    VWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 16 VH 084, CDR1 GGTFRTYA
    SEQ ID No: 17 VH 084, CDR2 INTVLGIV
    SEQ ID No: 18 VH 084, CDR3 AREKGVDYYYGIEV
    SEQ ID No: 19 VL 084 DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWY
    QHKPGKAPKLLIYVASTLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISSLQPEDFATYYCQQANSFPLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 20 VL 084, CDR1 QGISSW
    VL 084, CDR2 VAS
    SEQ ID No: 21 VL 084, CDR3 QQANSFPLT
    SEQ ID No: 22 VH 025 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVYGGSFSDYYWN
    WIRQPPGKGLEWIGEIHHSGSTNYNPSLKSRVTISVD
    TSKNQFSLKLSSVTAADTAVYYCARGYYDSGVYYFDY
    WAQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 23 VH 025, CDR1 GGSFSDYY
    SEQ ID No: 24 VH 025, CDR2 IHHSGST
    SEQ ID No: 25 VH 025, CDR3 ARGYYDSGVYYFDY
    SEQ ID No: 26 VL 025 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISRWLAWY
    QQKPEKAPKSLIYAASSLRSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 27 VL 025, CDR1 QGISRW
    VL 025, CDR2 AAS
    SEQ ID No: 28 VL 025, CDR3 QQYNSYPIT
    SEQ ID No: 29 VH 091 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVSGGSFSGYYWT
    WIRQPPGKGLEWIGEIYHSGDTNYNPSLKSRVTISVD
    TSKNQFSLKLYSVTAADTAVYYCARLYFGSGIYYLDY
    WGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 30 VH 091, CDR1 GGSFSGYY
    SEQ ID No: 163 VH 091, CDR2 IYHSGDT
    SEQ ID No: 31 VH 091, CDR3 ARLYFGSGIYYLDY
    SEQ ID No: 32 VL 091 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLVWY
    QQKPEKAPKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYNSFPPTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 33 VL 091, CDR1 QGISSW
    VL 091, CDR2 AAS
    SEQ ID No: 34 VL 091, CDR3 QQYNSFPPT
    SEQ ID No: 35 VH 129 QVQLVESGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFSTFAIHW
    VRQAPGKGLEWVAVISYDGGHKFYADSVKGRFTISR
    DNSKNTLYLQM NSLRAEDTAMYYCARGLGVWGAFD
    YWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 36 VH 129, CDR1 GFTFSTFA
    SEQ ID No: 37 VH 129, CDR2 ISYDGGHK
    SEQ ID No: 38 VH 129, CDR3 ARGLGVWGAFDY
    SEQ ID No: 39 VL 129 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQ
    QKPGQAPRLLIYDASNRATGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTI
    SSLEPEDFAVYYCQQRSNWWTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 40 VL 129, CDR1 QSVSSY
    VL 129, CDR2 DAS
    SEQ ID No: 41 VL 129, CDR3 QQRSNWWT
    SEQ ID No: 42 VH 127 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLTISCKGSGYSFSIYWIGW
    VRQMPGKGLEWMGIIFPGDSDIRYSPSFQGQVTISA
    DKSISTAYLQWSSLKASDTAMYYCARQPGDWSPRH
    WYFDLWGRGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 43 VH 127, CDR1 GYSFSIYW
    SEQ ID No: 44 VH 127, CDR2 IFPGDSDI
    SEQ ID No: 45 VH 127, CDR3 ARQPGDWSPRHWYFDL
    SEQ ID No: 46 VL 127 VIWMTQSPSLLSASTGDRVTISCRMSQGISSYLAWY
    QQKPGKAPELLIYAASTLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISYLQSEDFATYYCQQYYSFPLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 47 VL 127, CDR1 QGISSY
    VL 127, CDR2 AAS
    SEQ ID No: 48 VL 127, CDR3 QQYYSFPLT
    SEQ ID No: 49 VH 159 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYNFTSYWIGW
    VRQMPGKGLEWMGIIYPGDSDTRYSPSFQGQVTISA
    DKSISTAYLQWSSLKASDTAMYYCARWGTYYDILTG
    YFNWFDPWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 50 VH 159, CDR1 GYNFTSYW
    SEQ ID No: 51 VH 159, CDR2 IYPGDSDT
    SEQ ID No: 52 VH 159, CDR3 ARWGTYYDILTGYFN
    SEQ ID No: 53 VL 159 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWY
    QQKPEKAPKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYYIYPWTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 54 VL 159, CDR1 QGISSW
    VL 159, CDR2 AAS
    SEQ ID No: 55 VL 159, CDR3 QQYYIYPWT
    SEQ ID No: 56 VH 098 EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSNYGMSW
    VRQAPGKGLEWVSAISGSAYSTYYADSVKGRFTISR
    DNSKNTLWLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAKAHYHGSGSYY
    TLFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 57 VH 098, CDR1 GFTFSNYG
    SEQ ID No: 58 VH 098, CDR2 ISGSAYST
    SEQ ID No: 59 VH 098, CDR3 AKAHYHGSGSYYTLFDY
    SEQ ID No: 60 VL 098 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWY
    QQKPEKAPKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYNSYPYTFGQGTKLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 61 VL 098, CDR1 QGISSW
    VL 098, CDR2 AAS
    SEQ ID No: 62 VL 098, CDR3 QQYNSYPYT
    SEQ ID No: 63 VH 153 QVQLVESGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFSDYVIHW
    VRQAPGKGLEWVTVISYDGSNKYYADSVKGRFTISR
    DNSKNTLYLQM NSLSAEDTAMYYCARGGITGTTGVF
    DYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 64 VH 153, CDR1 GFTFSDYV
    SEQ ID No: 65 VH 153, CDR2 ISYDGSNK
    SEQ ID No: 66 VH 153, CDR3 ARGGITGTTGVFDY
    SEQ ID No: 67 VL 153 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWY
    QQKPEKAPKSLIYDASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGYGTDFSL
    TISSLQPEDFAIYYCQQYKSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 68 VL 153, CDR1 QGISSW
    VL 153, CDR2 DAS
    SEQ ID No: 69 VL 153, CDR3 QQYKSYPIT
    SEQ ID No: 70 VH 132 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSYGISW
    VRQAPGQGLEWMGWISAYNGNSNYVQKFQGRVTM
    TTDTTTSTAYMELRSLTSDDTAVYYCAREYSYDSGTY
    FYYGMDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 71 VH 132, CDR1 GYTFTSYG
    SEQ ID No: 72 VH 132, CDR2 ISAYNGNS
    SEQ ID No: 73 VH 132, CDR3 AREYSYDSGTYFYYGMDV
    SEQ ID No: 74 VL 132 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQ
    QKPGQAPRLLIYDASNRATGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTI
    SSLEPEDFAVYYCQQRSNWPMYTFGQGTKLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 75 VL 132, CDR1 QSVSSY
    VL 132, CDR2 DAS
    SEQ ID No: 76 VL 132, CDR3 QQRSNWPMYT
    1B)
    SEQ ID No: 165 VH 005 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKASGYSFHFYWIGW
    VRQMPGKGLEWMGSIYPGDSDTRYRPSFQGQVTISA
    DKSISTAYLQWTSLKASDTAIYYCARQRGDYYYFYGM
    DVWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 166 VH 005, CDR1 GYSFHFYW
    SEQ ID No: 167 VH 005, CDR2 IYPGDSDT
    SEQ ID No: 168 VH 005, CDR3 ARQRGDYYYFYGMDV
    SEQ ID No: 169 VL 005 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLAWY
    QQKPGQVPRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISRLEPEDFAVYYCQQYGSS-LTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 170 VL 005, CDR1 QSVSSSY
    VL 005, CDR2 GAS
    SEQ ID No: 171 VL 005, CDR3 QQYGSSLT
    SEQ ID No: 172 VH 006 EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSNYALIWV
    RQAPGKGLEWVSIIRGGAGSTYYADSVKGRFTISRD
    NSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAKARIWGPLFDYW
    GQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 173 VH 006, CDR1 GFTFSNYA
    SEQ ID No: 174 VH 006, CDR2 IRGGAGST
    SEQ ID No: 175 VH 006, CDR3 AKARIWGPLFDY
    SEQ ID No: 176 VL 006 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQ
    QKPGQAPRLLIYDASNRATGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTI
    SSLEPEDFAVYYCQQRSNWPPLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 177 VL 006, CDR1 QSVSSY
    VL 006, CDR2 DAS
    SEQ ID No: 178 VL 006, CDR3 QQRSNWPPLT
    SEQ ID No: 179 VH 059 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVRVPCKASGYTFTRYGISW
    VRQAPGQGLEWMGWISAYNGKTYYAQKLQGRVTMT
    TDTSTSTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCARSPLLWFEELY
    FDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 180 VH 059, CDR1 GYTFTRYG
    SEQ ID No: 181 VH 059, CDR2 ISAYNGKT
    SEQ ID No: 182 VH 059, CDR3 ARSPLLWFEELYFDY
    SEQ ID No: 183 VL 059 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSTYLAWY
    QQKPGQAPRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISRLEPEDFAVYYCQQYGTSLFTFGPGTKVDIK
    SEQ ID No: 184 VL 059, CDR1 QSVSSTY
    VL 059, CDR2 GAS
    SEQ ID No: 185 VL 059, CDR3 QQYGTSLFT
    SEQ ID No: 186 VH 060 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYRFTSYWIGW
    VRQMPGKGLEWMGSIYPGDSYTRNSPSFQGQVTISA
    DKSIATAYLQWNSLKASDTAMYYCARHAGDFYYFDG
    LDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 187 VH 060, CDR1 GYRFTTSYW
    SEQ ID No: 188 VH 060, CDR2 IYPGDSYT
    SEQ ID No: 189 VH 060, CDR3 ARHAGDFYYFDGLDV
    SEQ ID No: 190 VL 060 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLAWY
    QQKPGQAPRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISRLEPEDFAVYYCQQYGSSPPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 191 VL 060, CDR1 QSVSSSY
    VL 060, CDR2 GAS
    SEQ ID No: 192 VL 060, CDR3 QQYGSSPPIT
    SEQ ID No: 193 VH 106 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFTRYWIGW
    VRQMPGKGLEWMGIIYPGDSDTRYSPSFQGQVTISA
    DKSISTAYLQWSSLKASDTAMYYCARLTGDRGFDYY
    SGMDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 194 VH 106, CDR1 GYSFTRYW
    SEQ ID No: 195 VH 106, CDR2 IYPGDSDT
    SEQ ID No: 196 VH 106, CDR3 ARLTGDRGFDYYSGMDV
    SEQ ID No: 197 VL 106 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLAWY
    QQKPGQAPRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISRLEPEDFAVYYCQQYGSS-FTFGPGTKVDIK
    SEQ ID No: 198 VL 106, CDR1 QSVSSSY
    VL 106, CDR2 GAS
    SEQ ID No: 199 VL 106, CDR3 QQYGSSFT
    SEQ ID No: 200 VH 111 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGGTFSSYGISW
    VRQAPGPGLEWMGRIIPILGIANYAQKFQGRVTITAD
    KSTNTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARDQEYSSNWYYW
    GQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 201 VH 111, CDR1 GGTFSSYG
    SEQ ID No: 202 VH 111, CDR2 IIPILGIA
    SEQ ID No: 203 VH 111, CDR3 ARDQEYSSNWYY
    SEQ ID No: 204 VL 111 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVRSSYLAWY
    QQKPGQAPRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTL
    TISRLEPEDFAVYYCQLYGSSPTFGPGTKVDIK
    SEQ ID No: 205 VL 111, CDR1 QSVRSSY
    VL 111, CDR2 GAS
    SEQ ID No: 206 VL 111, CDR3 QLYGSSPT
  • TABLE 2
    Mouse origin and heavy and light chain
    sequence homologies of selected HuMabs.
    HuMab: Mouse: Strain: Germline VH: Germline VL:
    169 361494 HCo20 IgHV1-18-01 IgKV3-11-01
    050 350633 HCo12 IgHV3-23-01 IgKV1-12-01
    084 350615 HCo12-BalbC IgHV1-69-04 IgKV1-12-01
    025 350631 HCo12 IgHV4-34-01 IgKV1D-16-01
    091 350630 HCo12 IgHV4-34-01 IgKV1D-16-01
    129 359783 HCo12-BalbC IgHV3-30-3-01 IgKV3-11-01
    127 359783 HCo12-BalbC IgHV5-51-01 IgKV1D-8-01
    159 363503 HCo12 IgHV5-51-01 IgKV1D-16-01
    098 350659 HCo17 IgHV3-23-01 IgKV1D-16-01
    153 359785 HCo12-BalbC IgHV3-30-3-01 IgKV1D-16-01
    132 361487 HCo20 IgHV1-18-01 IgKV3-11-01
    005 350611 HCo12-BalbC IgHV5-51-1 IgKV3-20-01
    006 350611 HCo12-BalbC IgHV3-23-1 IgKV3-11-01
    059 350654 HCo17 IgHV1-18-1 IgKV3-20-01
    060 350654 HCo17 IgHV5-51-1 IgKV3-20-01
    106 350660 HCo17 IgHV5-51-1 IgKV3-20-01
    111 350660 HCo17 IgHV1-69-4 IgKV3-20-01
  • TABLE 3A and 3B
    Heavy chain variable region (VH), light chain variable region (VL)
    sequences of HuMabs 049, 051, 055, 123, 161, 124, 001, 143, 019,
    021, 027, 032, 035, 036, 054, 094 (3A) and HuMabs 041, 150,
     067, 072, 163, 093, and 044 (3B). The respective CDRs correspond
     to those underlined in Figures 1 and 2, for VH and VL
    sequences, respectively.
    3A:
    SEQ ID No: 77 VH 049 EVQLLESGGDLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYAMSWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVSAISGRGGTTYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKSTLCLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCAKARANWDYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 78 VL 049 DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQHKPGK
    APKLLIYAASILQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLRPEDFATYY
    CQQANSFPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 79 VH 051 EVQLLESGGDLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYAMSWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVSAISGRGGTTYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKSTLCLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCAKARANWDYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 80 VL 051 DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQHKPGK
    APKLLIYAASILQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLRPEDFATYY
    CQQANSFPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 81 VH 055 EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYAMNWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVSAISGRGGTTYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKSTLCLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCAKARANWDYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 82 VL 055 DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQHKPGK
    APKLLIYAASILQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLRPEDFATYY
    CQQANSFPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 83 VH 123 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKAAGYTFTNYGISWVRQAPG
    QALEWMGWITTYSSNTIYAQKLQGRVTMTTDTSTSTAYMELRS
    LRSDDTAVYYCARDRVVVRPDYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 84 VL 123 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQQKPGQAP
    RLLIYDTSNRATGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLEPEDFAVYYCQ
    QRSHWPRTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 85 VH 161 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTNYGISWVRQAPG
    QGLEWMGWLSAYSGNTIYAQKLQGRVTMTTDTSTTTAYMELR
    SLRSDDTAVYYCARDRIVVRPDYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 86 VL 161 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQQKPGQAP
    RLLIYDASNRATGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLEPEDFAVYYCQ
    QRSNWPRTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 87 VH 124 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKAAGYTFTNYGISWVRQAPG
    QGLEWMGWIITYNGNTIYAQRFQDRVTMTTDTSTSTAYM ELRS
    LRSDDTAVYYCARDRIIVRPDYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 88 VL 124 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSYLAWYQQKPGQAP
    RLLIYDASNRATGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLEPEDFAVYYCQ
    QRSNWPRTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 89 VH 001 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVYGGSFSGYYWNWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEINHSGSTNYNPSLKSRVTISVDTSKNQFSLKLSSVT
    AADTAVYYCARGNYGSGYYYFDLWGRGTQVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 90 VL 001 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIFAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYISFPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 91 VH 143 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVYGGSFSGYYWNWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEIHHSGSANYNPSLMSRVTISVDTSKNQFSLQLSSV
    TAADTAVYYCARGYYGSGYYYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 92 VL 143 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASRLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 93 VH 019 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVYGGSFSDYYWNWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEIHHVGSTNYNPSLKSRVTISVDTSKSQFSLKLSSVT
    AADTAVYYCARGYYDSGVYYFDYWAQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 94 VL 019 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISRWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLRSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 95 VH 021 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVYGGSFSDYYWNWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEIHHSGSTNYNPSLKSRVTISVDTSKNQFSLKLSSVT
    AADTAVYYCARGYYASGVYYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 96 VL 021 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 97 VH 027 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVYGGSFSDYFWNWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEIHHSGSTNYNPSLKSRVTISVDTSKNQFSLNLSSVT
    AADTAVYYCARGLIGSGYYYFDYWDQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 98 VL 027 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 99 VH 032 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVYGGSFSGYYWSWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEINHSGDTNYNPSLTSRVTISVDTSKNQFSLKLSSVT
    AADTAVYYCARLFYGSGIYYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 100 VL 032 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYATFRLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSFPPTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 101 VH 035 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAIYGGSFSGYYWSWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEINHSGDTNYNPSLTSRVTISVDTSKNQFSLKLSSVT
    AADTAVYYCARLFYGSGIYYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 102 VL 035 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYATFRLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSFPPTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 103 VH 036 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVYGGSFSDYYWSWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEINHSGSTNYNPSLKSRVTISVDTSKNQFSLKLSSVT
    AADTAVYYCARLYYGSGTYYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 104 VL 036 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLTWYQQKPEKA
    PKSLIYAASRLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYC
    QQYNSFPPTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 105 VH 054 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVYGGSFSGYYWSWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEIHHSGSTNYNPSLKSRVTISVDTSKNQFSLKLSSVT
    AADTAVYYCARLWYGSGSYYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 106 VL 054 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSFPPTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 107 VH 094 QVQLQQWGAGLLKPSETLSLTCAVSGGSFSGYYWTWIRQPPG
    KGLEWIGEIYHSGDTNYNPSLKSRVTISVDTSKNQFSLKLYSVT
    AADTAVYYCARLYFGSGIYYLDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 108 VL 094 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLVWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSFPPTFGQGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 109 VH 105 EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSNYGMSWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVSAISGSAYSTYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLWLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCAKAHYHGSGSYYTLFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 110 VL 105 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPYTFGQGTKLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 111 VH 100 EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNNYGMNWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVSAISGTGYSTYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCAKAHYFGSGSYYTLFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 112 VL 100 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPYTFGQGTKLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 113 VH 125 EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFTDYAMNWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVSTISGSGYATYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKTTLYLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCAKGHTLGSGSYYTLFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 114 VL 125 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGINSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPYTFGQGTKLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 115 VH 162 EVQLWESGGGSVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYGMSWVRQAP
    GKLEWVSGISGSGYSTYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMN
    SLRAEDTAVYYCAKGYYHGSGSYYTSFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 116 VL 162 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 117 VH 033 QVQLVESGGGVVQTGRSLRLSCAASGFTFSSHAMHWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVAAISYDGSNKYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCARGDYISSSGVFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 118 VL 033 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 119 VH 160 QVQLVESGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFSSHAMHWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVAAISYDGSNKYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTMYLQMN
    SLRAEDTAMCYCARGSITGSTGVFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 120 VL 160 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDISSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYAASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 121 VH 166 QVQLVESGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYAMHWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVAVISYDGSNEYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCARGSIIGSTGVFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 122 VL 166 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISNWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYDASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 123 VH 152 QVQVVESGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYAMHWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVAVISYDGSYKYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCARGSITGSTGVFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 124 VL 152 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGINSWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYDASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPENFATYY
    CQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    SEQ ID No: 125 VH 167 QVQLVESGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYAIHWVRQAPG
    KGLEWVAVISYDGSNKYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNS
    LRAEDTAVYYCARGSITGSTGVFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 126 VL 167 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGISNWLAWYQQKPEK
    APKSLIYDASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYY
    CQQYNSYPITFGQGTRLEIK
    3B:
    SEQ ID No: 207 VH 041 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFTSYWIGWVRQMPG
    KGLEWMGSIYPGDSHTRYRPSFQGQVTISADKSISTAYLQWSS
    LKASDTAMYYCARQKGDFYYFFG LDVWGQGTAITVSS
    SEQ ID No: 208 VL 041 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLAWYQQKPGQ
    APRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYY
    CQQYGSSLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 209 VH 150 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFTSYWIGWVRQMPG
    KGLEWMGSIYPGDSHTRYRPSFQGQVTISADKSISTAYLQWSS
    LKASDTAMYYCARQAGDYYYYNGMDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 210 VL 150 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLTWYQQKPGQ
    APRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYY
    CQQYGSSLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 211 VH 067 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFTSYWIGWVRQMPG
    KGLEWMGIIYPGDSDTRYSPSFQGQVTISVDKSISTAYLQWSS
    LKASDTAMYYCARQKGDYYYHYG LDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 212 VL 067 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLAWYQQKPGQ
    APRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYY
    CQQYGSSPRLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 213 VH 072 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFTSYWIGWVRQMPG
    KGLEWMGIIYPGDSDTRYSPSFQGQVTISADKSISTAYLQWSS
    LKASDTAMYYCARQKGDYYYFNGLDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 214 VL 072 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLAWYQQKPGQ
    APRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYY
    CQQYGSSPRLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 215 VH 163 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCQGSGYRFISYWIGWVRQMPG
    KGLEWMGRIYPGDSDTRYSPSFQGQVTISVDKSISTAYLQWSS
    LKASDTAMYYCARQRGDYYYFNGLDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 216 VL 163 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLAWYQQKPGQ
    APRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYY
    CQQYGSSLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 217 VH 093 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFTSYWIGWVRQMPG
    KGLEWMGRIYPGDSDTRYSPSFQGQVTISADKSITTAYLQWSS
    LRASDTAMYYCARQRGDYYYFFGLDIWGQGTTVTVSL
    SEQ ID No: 218 VL 093 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLAWYQQKPGQ
    APRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYY
    CQQYGSSLTFGGGTKVEIK
    SEQ ID No: 219 VH 044 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYRFSSYWIGWVRQMPG
    KGLEWMGSIFPGDSDTRYSPSFQGQVTISADKSITTAYLQWSS
    LKASDTAMYYCARQAGDYYYYNGMDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    SEQ ID No: 220 VL 044 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSVSSSYLAWYQQKPGQ
    APRLLIYGASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYY
    CQQYGSSLTFGGGTKVEIK
  • TABLE 4
    Consensus CDRs based on sequence alignments shown in Figures 1 and 2.
    SEQ ID No: 9 IgHV3-23-1 VH GFTFSSYA
    050-049-051- CDR1
    055
    SEQ ID No: 127 IgHV3-23-1 VH ISGX1GGX2T Wherein X1 = R or S, and
    050-049-051- CDR2 X2 = T or S; preferably,
    055 wherein X1 = R and X2 = T
    SEQ ID No: 11 IgHV3-23-1 VH AKARANWDYFDY
    050-049-051- CDR3
    055
    SEQ ID No: 128 IgHV1-69-04 VH GGTFX1X2YA Wherein X1 = R or S, and
    084 CDR1 X2 = T or S; preferably,
    wherein X1 = R and X2 = T
    SEQ ID No: 129 IgHV1-69-04 VH IX1X2X3LGIX4 Wherein X1 = N or I, X2 = T or
    084 CDR2 P, X3 = V or I, and X4 = V or A,
    preferably, wherein X1 = N,
    X2 = T, X3 = V, and X4 = V
    SEQ ID No: 130 IgHV1-69-04 VH AREKGVDYYYG Wherein X1 = I or M, X2 = E or
    084 CDR3 X1X2 D; preferably, wherein X1 = I,
    X2 = E
    SEQ ID No: 131 IgHV1-18-1 VH GYTFTXYG Wherein X = N or S, preferably
    169-123-161- CDR1 N
    124
    SEQ ID No: 132 IgHV1-18-1 VH IX1X2YX3GNT Wherein X1 = S, T, or I; X2 = A
    169-123-161- CDR2 or T; X3 = S or N; preferably,
    124 wherein X1 = S, X2 = A, and
    X3 = S
    SEQ ID No: 133 IgHV1-18-1 VH ARDRX1X2VRP Wherein X1 = I or V, X2 = V or
    169-123-161- CDR3 DYFDY I; preferably, wherein X1 = I
    124 and X2 = V
    SEQ ID No: 134 IgHV4-34-01 VH GGSFSX1YX2 Wherein X1 = D or G and
    025-001-143- CDR1 X2 = Y or F; preferably,
    019-021-027 wherein X1 = D and X2 = Y
    SEQ ID No: 135 IgHV4-34-01 VH IX1HX2GSX3 Wherein X1 = H or N, X2 = S or
    025-001-143- CDR2 V, and X3 = T or A; preferably,
    019-021-027 wherein X1 = H, X2 = S, and
    X3 = T
    SEQ ID No: 136 IgHV4-34-01 VH ARGX1X2X3SG Wherein X1 = Y, N or L; X2 = Y
    025-001-143- CDR3 X4YYFDX5 or I, X3 = D, G or A; X4 = V or
    019-021-027 Y; and X5 = Y or L; preferably,
    wherein X1 = Y, X2 = Y, X3 = D,
    X4 = V, and X5 = Y
    SEQ ID No: 137 IgHV4-34-01 VH GGSFSX1YY Wherein X1 = G or D,
    091-032-035- CDR1 preferably G
    036-054-094
    SEQ ID No: 138 IgHV4-34-01 VH IX1HSGX2T Wherein X1 = Y, N or H; and
    091-032-035- CDR2 X2 = D or S; preferably,
    036-054-094 wherein X1 = Y and X2 = D
    SEQ ID No: 139 IgHV4-34-01 VH ARLX1X2GSGX Wherein X1 = Y, F or W; X2 = F
    091-032-035- CDR3 3YYX4DY or Y; X3 = I, T or S; and X4 = L
    036-054-094 or F; preferably, wherein
    X1 = Y, X2 = F, X3 = I, and X4 = L
    SEQ ID No: 140 IgHV3-30-01 VH GFTFSX1X2A Wherein X1 = T or F, X2 = F or
    129 CDR1 Y; preferably, wherein X1 = T
    and X2 = F
    SEQ ID No: 141 IgHV3-30-01 VH ISYDGX1X2K Wherein X1 = G or S, X2 = H or
    129 CDR2 N; preferably, wherein X1 = G
    and X2 = H
    SEQ ID No: 142 IgHV3-30-01 VH ARGLGVWGX1F Wherein X1 = A or Y,
    129 CDR3 DY preferably A
    SEQ ID No: 143 IgHV3-23-01 VH GFTFX1X2YX3 Wherein X1 = S, N or T; X2 = N,
    098-105-100- CDR1 D or S; and X3 = G or A;
    125-162 preferably, wherein X1=S,
    X2 = N and X3 = G
    SEQ ID No: 144 IgHV3-23-01 VH ISGX1X2X3X4T Wherein X1 = S or T, X2 = A or
    098-105-100- CDR2 G, X3 = Y or G, X4 = S or A;
    125-162 preferably, wherein X1=S,
    X2 = A, X3 = Y, X4 = S
    SEQ ID No: 145 IgHV3-23-01 VH AKX1X2X3X4G Wherein X1 = A or G; X2 = H or
    098-105-100- CDR3 SGSYYTX5FDY Y; X3 = Y or T; X4 = H, F or L;
    125-162 X5 = L or S; preferably,
    wherein X1 = A; X2 = H; X3 = Y;
    X4 = H; X5 = L
    SEQ ID No: 146 IgHV5-51-01 VH GYSFX1X2YW Wherein X1 = S or T, X2 = I or
    127 CDR1 S; preferably, wherein X1 = S,
    X2 = I
    SEQ ID No: 147 IgHV5-51-01 VH IX1PGDSDX2 Wherein X1 = F or Y, X2 = I or
    127 CDR2 T; preferably, wherein X1 = F,
    X2 = I
    SEQ ID No: 148 IgHV5-51-01 VH ARQPGDWSPR
    127 CDR3 HWYFDL
    SEQ ID No: 149 IgHV5-51-01 VH GYXFTSYW Wherein X = N or S, preferably
    159 CDR1 N
    SEQ ID No: 51 IgHV5-51-01 VH IYPGDSDT
    159 CDR2
    SEQ ID No:52 IgHV5-51-01 VH ARWGTYYDILT
    159 CDR3 GYFN
    SEQ ID No:71 IgHV1-18-01 VH GYTFTSYG
    132 CDR1
    SEQ ID No: 150 IgHV1-18-01 VH ISAYNGNX Wherein X = S or T, preferably
    132 CDR2 S
    SEQ ID No: 151 IgHV1-18-01 VH AREYSYDSGTY
    132 CDR3 FYYGMDV
    SEQ ID No: 152 IgHV3-30- VH GFTFSX1X2X3 Wherein X1 = D or S, X2 = Y or
    153-033-160- 03-01 CDR1 H, X3 = V or A; preferably,
    166-152-167 wherein X1 = D, X2 = Y, X3 = V
    SEQ ID No: 153 IgHV3-30- VH ISYDGSX1X2 Wherein X1 = N or Y, X2 = K or
    153-033-160- 03-01 CDR2 E, preferably wherein X1 = N
    166-152-167 and X2 = K
    SEQ ID No: 154 IgHV3-30- VH ARGX1X2X3X4 Wherein X1 = G, D or S; X2 = I
    153-033-160- 03-01 CDR3 X5X6GX7FDY or Y; X3 = T or I; X4 = G or S;
    166-152-167 X5 = T or S; X6 = T or S; X7 = Y
    or V; preferably, wherein
    X1 = G; X2 = I; X3 = T; X4 = G;
    X5 = T; X6 = T; and X7 = V
    SEQ ID No: 13 IgKV1-12-01 VL QGISSW
    050-084-049- CDR1
    051-055
    050-084-049- IgKV1-12-01 VL XAS Wherein X = A or V
    051-055 CDR2
    SEQ ID No:155 IgKV1-12-01 VL QQANSFPXT Wherein X = I or L
    050-084-049- CDR3
    051-055
    SEQ ID No: 6 IgKV3-11-01 VL QSVSSY
    169-124-161- CDR1
    123
    169-124-161- IgKV3-11-01 VL DXS Wherein X = A or T, preferably
    123 CDR2 A
    SEQ ID No: 156 IgKV3-11-01 VL QQRSXWPRT Wherein X = N or H, preferably
    169-124-161- CDR3 N
    123
    SEQ ID No: 157 IgKV1D-16- VL QGISXW Wherein X = R or S, preferably
    025-001-019- 01 CDR1 R
    143-021-027
    025-001-019- IgKV1D-16- VL AAS
    143-021-027 01 CDR2
    SEQ ID No: 164 IgKV1D-16- VL QQYNSXPIT Wherein X = Y or F, preferably
    025-001-019- 01 CDR3 Y
    143-021-027
    SEQ ID No: 33 IgKV1D-16- VL QGISSW
    091-032-035- 01 CDR1
    036-054-094
    091-032-035- IgKV1D-16- VL AX1X2 Wherein X1 = A or T, and
    036-054-094 01 CDR2 X2 = S or F; preferably,
    wherein X1 = A and X2 = S
    SEQ ID No: 158 IgKV1D-16- VL QQYNSFPPT
    091-032-035- 01 CDR3
    036-054-094
    SEQ ID No: 159 IgKV1D-16- VL QGIXSW Wherein X = S or N, preferably
    098-100-105- 01 CDR1 S
    125-162
    098-100-105- IgKV1D-16- VL AAS
    125-162 01 CDR2
    SEQ ID No: 160 IgKV1D-16- VL QQYNSYPXT Wherein X = Y or L, preferably
    098-100-105- 01 CDR3 Y
    125-162
    SEQ ID No: 161 IgKV1D-16- VL QGIX1X2W Wherein X1 = S or N; X2 = S or
    153-152-166- 01 CDR1 N; preferably, wherein
    167-160-033 X1 = X2 = S
    153-152-166- IgKV1D-16- VL XAS Wherein X = D or A, preferably
    167-160-033 01 CDR2 D
    SEQ ID No: 162 IgKV1D-16- VL QQYXSYPIT Wherein X = K or N, preferably
    153-152-166- 01 CDR3 K
    167-160-033
    SEQ ID No: 221 IgHV5-51-1 VH GYX1FX2X3YW wherein X1 = S or R; X2 = S, T,
    005-060-106- CDR1 H, or I; and X3 = S, R, or F;
    041-150-067- preferably, wherein X2 = H or
    072-163-093- T
    044
    SEQ ID No: 222 IgHV5-51-1 VH IX1PGDSX2T wherein X1 = Y or F; X2 = D, Y,
    005-060-106- CDR2 or H
    041-150-067- preferably, wherein X2 = D or
    072-163-093- Y
    044
    SEQ ID No: 223 IgHV5-51-1 VH ARX1X2X3X4X wherein X1 = Q, H, or L; X2 = R,
    005-060-106- CDR3 5X6X7X8YX9X10 A, T, or K; X3 = G; X4 = D;
    041-150-067- GX11DX12 X5 = R or none; X6 = G or
    072-163-093- none; X7 = Y or F; X8 = Y or D;
    044 X9 = Y, F, or H; X10 = Y, D, S,
    F, or N; X11 = M or L; and
    X12 = V or I;
    preferably, wherein X1 = Q,
    X2 = R or A; X5 = X6 = none;
    X7 = Y or F; X8 = Y; X9 = F;
    X10 = Y; and X12 = V
    SEQ ID No: 224 IgHV3-23-1 VH GFTFSXYA wherein X = N or S, preferably
    006 CDR1 N
    SEQ ID No: 225 IgHV3-23-1 VH IX1GX2X3GST wherein X1 = R or S; X2 = G or
    006 CDR2 S; and X3 = A or G, preferably
    wherein X1 = R; X2 = G; and
    X3 = A
    SEQ ID No: 226 IgHV3-23-1 VH AKRIWGPXFDY wherein X = L or Y, preferably
    006 CDR3 L
    SEQ ID No: 227 IgHV1-18-1 VH GYTFTXYG wherein X = R or S, preferably
    059 CDR1 R
    SEQ ID No: 228 IgHV1-18-1 VH ISAYNGXT wherein X = K or N, preferably
    059 CDR2 K
    SEQ ID No: 229 IgHV1-18-1 VH ARSPLLWFEELY
    059 CDR3 FDY
    SEQ ID No: 230 IgHV1-69-4 VH GGTFSSYX wherein X = G or A, preferably
    111 CDR1 G
    SEQ ID No: 202 IgHV1-69-4 VH IIPILGIA
    111 CDR2
    SEQ ID No: 231 IgHV1-69-4 VH ARDQEYSSX1X wherein X1 = N or Y; X2 = W or
    111 CDR3 2X3 F; and X3 = Y or D, preferably
    wherein X1 = N; X2 = W; and
    X3 = Y
    SEQ ID No: 232 IgKV3-20-01 VL QSVX1SX2Y wherein X1 = S or R and X2 = S
    005-059-060- CDR1 or T
    106-111-041-
    150-067-072-
    163-093-044
    005-059-060- IgKV3-20-01 VL GAS
    106-111-041- CDR2
    150-067-072-
    163-093-044
    SEQ ID No: 233 IgKV3-20-01 VL QX1YGX2SX3X wherein X1 = Q or L; X2 = S or
    005-059-060- CDR3 4X5T T; X3 = P or none; X4 = P, L, R,
    106-111-041- or none; and X5 = L, F, I, or
    150-067-072- none;
    163-093-044 preferably, wherein X4 = P, L,
    or none
    SEQ ID No: 177 IgKV3-11-01 VL QSVSSY
    006 CDR1
    006 IgKV3-11-01 VL DAS
    CDR2
    SEQ ID No: 178 IgKV3-11-01 VL QQRSNWPPLT
    006 CDR3
    • Example 11 Purification of Antibodies
  • Culture supernatant was filtered over 0.2 μm dead-end filters, loaded on 5 mL MabSelect SuRe columns (GE Health Care) and eluted with 0.1 M sodium citrate-NaOH, pH 3. The eluate was immediately neutralized with 2M Tris-HCl, pH 9 and dialyzed overnight to 12.6 mM NaH2PO4, 140 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 (B. Braun). Alternatively, subsequent to purification, the eluate was loaded on a HiPrep Desalting column and the antibody was exchanged into 12.6 mM NaH2PO4, 140 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 (B. Braun) buffer. After dialysis or exchange of buffer, samples were sterile filtered over 0.2 μm dead-end filters. Purity was determined by SDS-PAGE and concentration was measured by nephelometry and absorbance at 280 nm. Purified antibodies were stored at 4° C. Mass spectrometry was performed to identify the molecular mass of the antibody heavy and light chains expressed by the hybridomas as described in Example 9.
    • Example 12 Binding of HER2 Clones to Tumor Cells Expressing Membrane-Bound HER2 Measured by Means of FACS Analysis
  • The binding of HER2 antibodies to AU565 cells (purchased at ATCC, CRL-2351) and A431 cells (purchased at ATCC, CRL-1555), was tested using flow cytometry (FACS Canto II, BD Biosciences). Qifi analysis (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) revealed that AU565 cells expressed on average 1,000,000 copies of HER2 protein per cell, whereas A431 cells expressed on average 15,000 copies per cell. Binding of HER2 antibodies was detected using a Phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated goat-anti-human IgG antibody (Jackson). Trastuzumab (clinical-grade Herceptin®) was used as positive control antibody, and an isotype control antibody was used as negative control antibody. EC50 values were determined by means of non-linear regression (sigmoidal dose-response with variable slope) using GraphPad Prism V4.03 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, Calif., USA).
  • All tested HER2 antibodies bound to HER2 expressed on both AU565 and A431 cells in a dose-dependent manner. For antibodies of cross-block groups 1, 2 and 3, the EC50 values for binding varied between 0.336-2.290 μg/mL for AU565 cells and 0.068-1.135 μg/mL for A431 cells (FIG. 3A-D). For antibodies of cross-block group 4, the EC50 values for binding varied between 0.304-2.678 μg/mL for AU565 cells and 0.106-1.982 μg/mL for A431 cells (FIG. 3E and F). Especially on A431 cells, large differences in EC50 values were observed between the tested antibodies. However, antibody 098 had the best (i.e., lowest) EC50 value on both types of cells. Also some differences in maximum binding levels were observed between different antibodies, on both AU565 and A431 cells. Of the tested cross-block groups 1-3 antibodies, antibody 098 also had the highest maximum binding level on AU565 cells, whereas antibody 025 had the highest maximum binding level on A431 cells. For antibodies of cross-block group 4, antibodies 005 and 006 demonstrated higher maximum binding levels on A431 as compared to other HER2 antibodies.
    • Example 13 Binding of HER2 Antibodies to Membrane-Bound HER2 Expressed on Rhesus Epithelial Cells Measured by Means of FACS Analysis
  • To determine cross-reactivity with Rhesus HER2, the binding of HER2 antibodies to HER2-positive Rhesus epithelial cells (4MBr-5 purchased at ATCC) was tested using flow cytometry (FACS Canto II, BD Biosciences). A Phycoerythrin-conjugated goat-anti-human IgG antibody (Jackson) was used as a secondary conjugate. An isotype control antibody was used as negative control antibody.
  • All tested HER2 antibodies were cross-reactive with Rhesus monkey HER2 (FIG. 4A and B). At both tested concentrations (1 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL), the HER2 antibodies were able to bind specifically to Rhesus monkey HER2. Antibody 127 demonstrated poor binding at 1 μg/mL concentration, but showed good binding at 10 μg/mL concentration. Antibody 098 had the highest binding level at both antibody concentrations. No binding was observed with the isotype control antibody.
    • Example 14 Competition of HER2 Antibodies for Binding to Soluble Her2ECDHis Measured in Sandwich-ELISA
  • The optimal coating concentrations of the tested HER2 antibodies and optimal Her2ECDHis concentration were determined in the following manner: ELISA wells were coated overnight at 4° C. with HER2 HuMabs serially diluted in PBS (0.125-8 μg/mL in 2-fold dilutions). Next, the ELISA wells were washed with PBST (PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween-20 [Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands]) and blocked for one hour at room temperature (RT) with PBSTC (PBST supplemented 2% [v/v] chicken serum [Gibco, Paisley, Scotland]). The ELISA wells were then washed with PBST and incubated for one hour at RT with Her2ECDHis serially diluted in PBSTC (0.25-2 μg/mL in 2-fold dilutions). Unbound Her2ECDHis was washed away with PBST, and bound Her2ECDHis was incubated for one hour at RT with 0.25 μg/mL biotinylated rabbit-anti-6xhis-biot (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The plate was thereafter washed with PBST and incubated for one hour with 0.1 μg/mL Streptavidin-poly-HRP (Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) diluted in PBST. After washing, the reaction was visualized through a 15 minutes incubation with 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS: one ABTS tablet diluted in 50 mL ABTS buffer (Roche Diagnostics, Almere, The Netherlands)) at RT protected from light. The colorization was stopped by adding an equal volume of oxalic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Fluorescence at 405 nm was measured on a microtiter plate reader (Biotek Instruments, Winooski, USA). The antibody concentrations that resulted in sub-optimal binding of each antibody were determined and used for the following cross-block experiments.
  • Each HER2 antibody was coated to the ELISA wells at the sub-optimal dose that was determined as described above. After blocking of the ELISA wells, the wells were incubated with the predetermined concentration of 1 μg/mL biotinylated Her2ECDHis in the presence or absence of an excess of a second (competitor) HER2 antibody. The ELISA was then performed as described above. Residual binding of Her2ECDHis to the coated antibody was expressed as a percentage relative to the binding observed in the absence of competitor antibody. Percentage competition was then determined as 100 minus the percentage of inhibition. 75% competition was considered as complete cross-block, whereas 25-74% competition was considered as partial cross-block, and 0-24% competition was considered non-blocking.
    • Cross-Block Groups 1, 2 and 3:
  • As shown in Table 5A, all HER2 antibodies of these groups were found to be able to block binding to Her2ECDHis, at least partially, for themselves. After dividing the antibodies into 3 major cross-block groups, all antibodies were tested for competition with at least one representative antibody from each group.
  • The first group comprised trastuzumab and antibodies 169, 050 and 084, which blocked each other for binding to Her2ECDHis, but did not cross-block antibodies from other groups.
  • The second group comprised pertuzumab and antibodies 025, 091 and 129, which blocked each other for binding to Her2ECDHis, except for antibodies 129 and 091 which both cross-blocked pertuzumab and 025, but not each other. None of the antibodies of group 2 blocked antibodies from other groups.
  • A third group comprised antibodies C1, F5, 127, 098, 132, 153 and 159, which did not cross-block any antibody from the other groups. Within this group 3, some variation was observed. Antibody 127 was the only antibody that was able to cross-block all other antibodies in this group for binding to Her2ECDHis; antibody 159 cross-blocked all other antibodies within this group, except 132; clone 098 cross-blocked all antibodies of group 3, except 132 and 153; antibody 153 cross-blocked 127, 132 and 159 for binding to Her2ECDHis, but not 098, C1 or F5; clone 132 cross-blocked 127, 132 and 153. When added as competitor antibodies, F5 and C1 only demonstrated cross-blocking of each other. However, the reverse reaction also revealed competition with antibodies 127, 098 and 159, but not 153 and 132. Possibly, these differences may have resulted from lower affinities of antibodies C1 and F5 for Her2ECDHis.
  • Values higher than 100% can be explained by avidity effects and the formation of antibody-Her2ECDHis complexes containing two non-competing antibodies.
    • Cross-Block Group 4:
  • As shown in Table 5, all HER2 antibodies of this group competed for binding to Her2ECDHis, at least partially, with themselves. Trastuzumab (clinical grade Herceptin®) and pertuzumab (TH1014-pert, transiently produced in HEK-293 cells) could only compete with themselves, and not with any of the other listed HER2 antibodies of cross-block group 4. C1 and F5 (both transiently produced in HEK-293 cells) competed with each other for binding to Her2ECDHis, but did not compete with other HER2 antibodies of cross-block group 4.
  • Antibodies 005, 006, 059, 060, 106 and 111 all competed with each other for binding to Her2ECDHis, but did not cross-block with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, C1 or F5. Clones 005, 059, 060 and 106 only blocked 006 when 006 was the competitor antibody. In the reverse reaction where 006 was immobilized, no blocking was found with 005, 059, 060 or 106. This was possibly a result of the higher apparent affinity of clone 006 compared to 005, 059, 060, 106 and 111, shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. Values higher than 100% can be explained by avidity effects and the formation of antibody-Her2ECDHis complexes containing two non-blocking antibodies.
  • TABLE 5
    Competition and cross-blocking of HER2 antibodies for binding to Her2ECDHis
    Figure US20140170149A1-20140619-C00001
    Figure US20140170149A1-20140619-C00002
  • Depicted values are mean percentages of binding relative to the binding observed in the absence of competitor antibody, of two independent experiments. Competition experiments with HEK produced TH1014-C1 and TH1014-F5 were performed once. Trastuzumab (clinical grade Herceptin®) and HEK-produced pertuzumab (TH1014-pert) were also tested.
    • Example 15 Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC)
  • SK-BR-3 cells (purchased at ATCC, HTB-30) were harvested (5×106 cells), washed (twice in PBS, 1500 rpm, 5 min) and collected in 1 mL RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% cosmic calf serum (CCS) (HyClone, Logan, Utah, USA), to which 200 μCi 51Cr (Chromium-51; Amersham Biosciences Europe GmbH, Roosendaal, The Netherlands) was added. The mixture was incubated in a shaking water bath for 1.5 hours at 37° C. After washing of the cells (twice in PBS, 1500 rpm, 5 min), the cells were resuspended in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% CCS, counted by trypan blue exclusion and diluted to a concentration of 1×105 cells/mL.
  • Meanwhile, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from fresh buffy coats (Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) using standard Ficoll density centrifugation according to the manufacturer's instructions (lymphocyte separation medium; Lonza, Verviers, France). After resuspension of cells in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% CCS, cells were counted by trypan blue exclusion and concentrated to 1×107 cells/mL.
  • Trastuzumab was produced in CHO cells resulting in an (increased) non-core fucosylation grade of 12.4%, whereas the other HER2 antibodies were produced in HEK cells, resulting on average in 4% non-core fucosylation.
  • For the ADCC experiment, 50 μL 51Cr-labeled SK-BR-3 cells (5.000 cells) were pre-incubated with 15 μg/mL HER2 antibody (IgG1,κ) in a total volume of 100 μL RPMI medium supplemented with 10% CCS in a 96-well microtiter plate. After 15 min at RT, 50 μL PBMCs (500,000 cells) were added, resulting in an effector to target ratio of 100:1. The maximum amount of cell lysis was determined by incubating 50 μL 51Cr-labeled SK-BR-3 cells (5,000 cells) with 100 μL 5% Triton-X100. The amount of spontaneous lysis was determined by incubating 5000 51Cr-labeled SK-BR-3 cells in 150 μL medium, without any antibody or effector cells. The level of antibody-independent cell lysis was determined by incubating 5,000 SK-BR-3 cells with 500,000 PBMCs without antibody. Subsequently, the cells were incubated 4 hr at 37° C., 5% CO2. To determine the amount of cell lysis, the cells were centrifuged (1,200 rpm, 3 min) and 75 μL of supernatant was transferred to micronic tubes, after which the released 51Cr was counted using a gamma counter. The measured counts per minute (cpm) were used to calculate the percentage of antibody-mediated lysis as follows:

  • (cpm sample−cpm Ab-independent lysis)/(cpm max·lysis−cpm spontaneous lysis)×100%
  • HER2 antibodies from cross-block groups 1 and 2 induced efficient lysis of SK-BR-3 cells through ADCC (FIG. 5A). From group 3, antibody 153 was the only antibody that induced efficient ADCC, antibody 132 induced about 10% ADCC, and clones 098, 159 and 127 did not induce ADCC. See FIG. 5. All HER2 antibodies from cross-block group 4 induced efficient lysis of SK-BR-3 cells through ADCC (FIG. 5B). The average percentage lysis by the different antibodies of cross-block group 4 varied between 15% and 28%, in constrast to trastuzumab (Herceptin®), which showed on average 41% lysis. Without being bound by theory, the higher percentage lysis by trastuzumab possibly resulted from an increased non-core fucosylation grade (12.4%) due to its CHO production, compared to ˜4% non-core fucosylation on the other HEK-produced HER2 antibodies, or by recognizing an epitope that induces less internalization of the HER2 receptor-antibody complexes.
    • Example 16 Inhibition of Ligand-Independent Proliferation of AU565 Cells
  • HER2 antibodies were tested for their ability to inhibit proliferation of AU565 cells in vitro. Due to the high HER2 expression levels on AU565 cells (˜1,000,000 copies per cell as described in Example 12), HER2 is constitutively active in these cells and thus not dependent on ligand-induced heterodimerization.
  • In a 96-well tissue culture plate (Greiner bio-one, Frickenhausen, Germany), 9,000 AU565 cells were seeded per well in the presence of 10 fag/mL HER2 antibody in serum-free cell culture medium. As a control, cells were seeded in serum-free medium without antibody. After 3 days, the amount of viable cells was quantified with Alamarblue (BioSource International, San Francisco, US) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Fluorescence was monitored using the EnVision 2101 Multilabel reader (PerkinElmer, Turku, Finland) with standard Alamarblue settings. The Alamarblue signal of antibody-treated cells was plotted as a percentage relative to untreated cells. Dunnett's test was applied for statistical analysis.
  • The percentage proliferation of AU565 cells after HER2 antibody treatment was compared to untreated cells, which was set to 100%. Of the tested Group 1 antibodies, trastuzumab, 050 and 169 demonstrated significant inhibition of AU565 cell proliferation (P<0.05), whereas 084 had no effect. None of the tested antibodies from group 2 (Pertuzumab, 025, 092 and 129) was able to inhibit AU565 cell proliferation. The tested antibodies from group 3 (098 and 153) did not inhibit AU565 proliferation. In contrast, both antibodies induced enhanced proliferation of AU565 cells compared to untreated cells (098 more than 153). See FIG. 6. For trastuzumab and pertuzumab, this was in accordance with the results described by Juntilla et al. (Cancer Cell 2009; 15(5):353-355).
  • From cross-block group 4, TH1014-F5 significantly enhanced proliferation of AU565 cells indicating that this is an agonistic antibody, whereas none of the other antibodies of cross-block group 4 tested (005, 060 and pertuzumab) had a substantial effect on AU565 proliferation (data not shown). Enhancing proliferation can be an advantage in some therapeutic applications of ADC-conjugates, e.g., where the cytotoxic action of the drug relies on, or is enhanced by, cell proliferation.
    • Example 17 Inhibition of Ligand-Induced Proliferation of MCF-7 Cells
  • Since HER2 is an orphan receptor, its signaling is mainly dependent on activation of other ErbB-family members such as EGFR and Her3. Upon ligand binding, these two receptors can bind to and activate the HER2 receptor, resulting in e.g. proliferation. Various publications describe that pertuzumab efficiently inhibits Heregulin-β1-induced proliferation (Franklin MC. Cancer Cell 2004/Landgraf R. BCR 2007). For trastuzumab, it has been described that it has little effect on Heregulin-β1-induced HER2/HER3 heterodimerization and proliferation (Larsen SS., et al., Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000; 58:41-56; Agus D B., et al., Cancer Cell 2002; 2:127-137; Wehrman et al. (2006), supra).
  • To investigate the ability of the present human HER2 antibodies to interfere with Heregulin-β1-induced HER2/HER3 heterodimers, a Heregulin-β1-induced proliferation assay was performed. Therefore, MCF7 cells (purchased at ATCC, HTB-22) expressing ˜20.000 HER2 molecules per cell, were seeded in a 96-wells tissue culture plate (Greiner bio-one) (2.500 cells/well) in complete cell culture medium. After 4 hours, the cell culture medium was replaced with starvation medium containing 1% Cosmic Calf Serum (CCS) and 10 μg/mL HER2 antibody. Next, Heregulin-β1 (PeproTech, Princeton Business Park, US) diluted in 1% CCS containing starvation medium was added to the wells to a final concentration of 1.5 ng/mL. After 4 days incubation, the amount of viable cells was quantified with Alamarblue (BioSource International) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Fluorescence was monitored using the EnVision 2101 Multilabel reader (PerkinElmer) with standard Alamarblue settings. The Alamarblue signal of HER2 antibody-treated ligand-induced cells was plotted as a percentage signal compared to ligand-induced cells incubated without HER2 antibody. Dunnett's test was applied for statistical analysis.
  • The percentage of viable MCF7 cells stimulated with Heregulin-β1 and treated with the indicated HER2 antibody, relative to the viable cells after stimulation with Heregulin-β1 in the absence of HER2 antibody, was calculated. There was no MCF-7 proliferation in absence of both Heregulin-β1 and antibody. Antibodies 025, 091, 129, 153 and pertuzumab (TH1014-pert) demonstrated significant inhibition of Heregulin-β1-induced MCF-7 proliferation (P<0.05). Also trastuzumab showed some inhibition of Heregulin-β1-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells, although not as efficient as the other tested HER2 antibodies. It has been reported that domain IV of HER2 is involved in the stabilization of EGFR/HER2 heterodimers, but without details on its contribution to HER2/HER3 heterodimers (Wehrman et al., supra). Antibodies 050, 084, 169 and 098 had no statistically significant effect on Heregulin-β1-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells. See FIG. 7. Without being limited to theory, this suggests that these antibodies do not inhibit ligand-induced HER2/HER3 heterodimerization.
    • Example 18 Anti-Kappa-ETA′ Assay
  • To investigate the suitability of HER2 antibodies for an antibody-drug conjugate approach, a generic in vitro cell-based killing assay using kappa-directed pseudomonas-exotoxin A (anti-kappa-ETA′) was developed. The assay makes use of a high affinity anti-kappa domain antibody conjugated to a truncated form of the pseudomonas-exotoxin A. Upon internalization, the anti-kappa-ETA′ domain antibody undergoes proteolysis and disulfide-bond reduction, separating the catalytic from the binding domain. The catalytic domain is transported from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum via the KDEL retention motif, and subsequently translocated to the cytosol where it inhibits protein synthesis and induces apoptosis (ref. Kreitman R J. BioDrugs 2009; 23(1):1-13). In this assay, to identify HER2 antibodies that enable internalization and killing through the toxin, HER2 antibodies are preconjugated with the anti-kappa-ETA′ before incubation with HER2-positive cells.
  • First, the optimal concentration of anti-kappa-ETA′ was determined for each cell line, i.e. the maximally tolerated dose that does not lead to induction of non-specific cell death. AU565 cells (7,500 cells/well) and A431 cells (2500 cells/well) were seeded in normal cell culture medium in 96-wells tissue culture plate (Greiner bio-one) and allowed to adhere for at least 4 hours. Next, cells were incubated with 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0 μg/mL anti-kappa-ETA′ dilutions in normal cell culture medium. After 3 days, the amount of viable cells was quantified with Alamarblue (BioSource International, San Francisco, US) according to the manufacturer's instruction. Fluorescence was monitored using the EnVision 2101 Multilabel reader (PerkinElmer, Turku, Finland) with standard Alamarblue settings. The highest concentration anti-kappa-ETA′ that did not kill the cells by itself was used for following experiments (0.5 μg/mL for AU565 and 1 μg/mL for A431).
  • Next, antibody-mediated internalization and killing by the toxin was tested for different HER2 antibodies. Cells were seeded as described above. Dilution-series of HER2 antibodies were pre-incubated for 30 minutes with the predetermined concentration anti-kappa-ETA′ before adding them to the cells. After 3 days of incubation, the amount of viable cells was quantified as described above. The Alamarblue signal of cells treated with anti-kappa-ETA′ conjugated antibodies was plotted compared to cells treated with antibody alone. 23.4 μg/mL Staurosporin was used as positive control for cell killing. An isotype control antibody was used as negative control.
    • Cross-Block Groups 1, 2 and 3:
  • As shown in FIG. 8A/B and Table 6A, all anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies were able to kill AU565 cells in a dose-dependent manner. All tested anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies demonstrated better killing of AU565 cells (70.3-49.9%) compared to both anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated trastuzumab (31.9%) and anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated pertuzumab (TH1014-pert) (47.51%). and the EC50 values were increased. 12.12-46.49 ng/mL compared to 78.49 ng/mL for anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated trastuzumab and 117.8 ng/mL for anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated pertuzumab. Antibody 159 had the highest percentage of cell-kill, and 098 the lowest EC50.
  • As shown in FIGS. 8C,D and Table 7A, antibodies 025, 091, 098, 129 and 153 were able to induce effective killing of A431 cells (≧75%). The highest percentage of cell-kill, and lowest EC50 was shown by antibody 098. When conjugated to anti-kappa-ETA′, trastuzumab and isotype control antibody did not induce killing of A431 cells. Antibodies 169, 084 and pertuzumab induced percentages of cell kill of no more than about 50%. No cell kill was observed with non-conjugated HER2 antibodies.
    • Cross-Block Group 4:
  • As shown in Table 6B, all anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies of cross-block group 4 were able to kill AU565 cells in a dose-dependent manner. (50-72% cell killing). Aantibodies 005 and 111 demonstrated more than three times improved EC50 values (resp. 15.13 and 24.20 ng/mL) compared to trastuzumab (78.49 ng/mL). Non-conjugated HER2 antibodies of cross-block group 4 did not induce killing of AU565 cells at the concentrations tested.
  • As shown in Table 7B, antibodies 005 and 060 were able to induce effective killing of A431 cells (≧85%) when conjugated to anti-kappa-ETA′ Antibodies 005 and 111 demonstrated killing of A431 cells already at low antibody concentrations (10 ng/mL) with EC50 values of ˜10 ng/mL. No cell kill was observed with non-conjugated HER2 antibodies of cross-block 4.
  • TABLE 6
    Data shown are EC50 values and maximal percentage cell kill of AU565
    cells treated with anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies
    (A, cross-block groups 1, 2, and 3; b, cross-block group 4), measured
    in one representative experiment. Cell-kill induced by Staurosporin
    was set as 100% and MFI of untreated cells was set as 0%.
    antibody % cells killed EC50 ng/mL
    A:
    PC1014-159 70.3 34.93
    PC1014-127 69.0 34.46
    PC1014-132 61.6 39.35
    PC1014-129 60.8 30.85
    PC1014-153 60.3 32.26
    PC1014-025 60.0 16.71
    PC1014-098 58.7 12.12
    PC1014-084 58.1 26.97
    PC1014-050 52.4 12.71
    PC1014-091 50.6 46.49
    PC1014-169 49.9 35.62
    TH1014-pert 47.5 117.8
    trastuzumab 31.9 78.49
    isotype control Ndet Ndet
    B:
    PC1014-111 72.0 24.2
    PC1014-005 69.7 15.13
    PC1014-059 67.0 67.65
    PC1014-060 64.3 79.38
    PC1014-106 59.1 107.9
    PC1014-006 50.4 45.14
    Trastuzumab 31.9 78.49
    isotype control Ndet Ndet
    Ndet = not detected.
  • TABLE 7
    Data shown are EC50 values and maximal percentage cell kill of A431
    cells treated with anti-kappa-ETA′-conjugated HER2 antibodies
    (A, cross-block groups 1, 2, and 3; b, cross-block group 4), measured
    in one representative experiment. Cell kill induced by Staurosporin
    was set as 100% and MFI of untreated cells was set as 0%.
    antibody % cells killed EC50 ng/mL
    A:
    PC1014-025 86.7 ~9.77
    PC1014-084 50.5 ND
    PC1014-091 83.3 ~9.86
    PC1014-098 87.2 1.65
    PC1014-129 75.9 ~10.60
    PC1014-153 82.4 ~10.11
    PC1014-169 34.0 ND
    TH1014-pert 37.0 61.58
    trastuzumab Ndet Ndet
    isotype control NDet NDet
    B:
    PC1014-005 88.5 ~10.07
    PC1014-060 85.0 ~10.03
    Trastuzumab NDet NDet
    isotype control NDet NDet
    “NDet” means not detected.
    • Example 19 Internalization of HER2 Antibodies Measured with an FMAT-Based fab-CypHer5E Assay
  • To investigate whether the enhanced killing of AU565 cells by the described HER2 antibodies compared to Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) and pertuzumab in the kappa-toxin-ETA′ assay described in the previous Example correlated with enhanced internalization of HER2 antibodies, a fab-CypHer5E-based internalization assay was performed. CypHer5E is a pH-sensitive dye which is non-fluorescent at basic pH (extracellular: culture medium) and fluorescent at acidic pH (intracellular: lysosomes), with an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 7.3.
  • AU565 cells were seeded in 384-well tissue culture plates (Greiner bio-one), at a density of 3,000 cells/well in normal cell culture medium supplemented with 240 ng/mL fab-CypHer5E (conjugation of Goat-fab-anti-Human IgG [Jackson] with CypHer5E [GE Healthcare, Eindhoven, The Netherlands] was made according to manufacturer's instructions). Next, HER2 antibodies were serially diluted in normal cell culture medium, added to the cells and left at room temperature for 9 hours. Mean fluorescent intensities (MFI) of intracellular CypHer5E were measured using the 8200 FMAT (Applied Biosystems, Nieuwerkerk A/D IJssel, The Netherlands) and ‘counts×fluorescence’ was used as read-out. An isotype control antibody was used as negative control antibody. EC50 values and maximal MFI were determined by means of non-linear regression (sigmoidal dose-response with variable slope) using GraphPad Prism V4.03 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, Calif., USA).
    • Cross-Block Groups 1, 2 and 3:
  • The results are shown in Table 8A, depicting the EC50 and maximal MFI values for all tested HER2 antibodies of cross-block groups 1, 2, and 3 in the CypHer5E internalization assay with AU565 cells. The maximal MFI values indicate how many HER2 receptors are internalized upon antibody binding. All HER2 antibodies showed higher maximal MFI values (137,904-38,801) compared to trastuzumab (35,000) and pertuzumab (TH1014-pert) (32,366), indicating that the tested HER2 antibodies induced enhanced receptor internalization. Notably, antibodies that did not compete for HER2 binding with trastuzumab (Herceptin®) or TH1014-pert induced more receptor internalization compared to antibodies that did compete with trastuzumab and TH1014-pert, with the highest MFI achieved by antibodies 098 and 127. Without being limited to theory, this might be inherent to an inability to inhibit HER2 heterodimerization.
    • Cross-Block Group 4:
  • The results are shown in Table 8B, depicting the EC50 values and maximal MFI for all tested HER2 antibodies of cross-block group 4 in the CypHer5E internalization assay with AU565 cells. The maximal MFI values reflect how many HER2 antibodies were internalized upon binding. All tested human HER2 antibodies of cross-block group 4 showed higher maximal MFI values (130.529-57.428) than trastuzumab (Herceptin®) (35.000) and TH1014-pert (35.323), indicating that these antibodies induced enhanced receptor internalization. The enhanced internalization of TH1014-F5 may be a result from its agonistic activity and the induction of HER2-HER2 dimerization (see Example 16).
  • TABLE 8
    Cypher-5-based internalization assay of HER2 antibodies. Data shown
    are MFI and EC50 values of one representative experiment of two
    experiments with AU565 cells treated with fab-CypHer5E-labeled
    HER2 antibodies. Some EC50 values could not be calculated (ND).
    Cypher 5
    EC50 Maximal
    Antibody ng/mL MFI
    A:
    PC1014-025 30.05 63428
    PC1014-091 32.99 50711 mAbs that compete with
    PC1014-129 7.15 60302 {close oversize bracket} Herceptin
    TH1014-pert 530 32366
    PC1014-169 ND 38801 mAbs that compete with
    PC1014-084 30.51 71059 {close oversize bracket} TH1014-pert
    trastuzumab 21.70 35000
    PC1014-098 13.77 134575
    PC1014-127 ~9.68 137904 mAbs that compete with
    PC1014-159 ND 92427 {close oversize bracket} TH1014-F5
    TH1014-F5 22.65 113116
    PC1014-132 11.42 112270
    {close oversize bracket} Non-competing mAbs
    PC1014-153 ~14.91 87531
    B:
    PC1014-006 23.08 130829
    PC1014-005 21.37 95117
    PC1014-111 35.22 81680
    PC1014-059 14.77 77123
    PC1014-060 36.16 68184
    PC1014-106 68.60 57428
    TH1014-F5 22.65 113116
    TH1014-pert ~1041 35323
    Trastuzumab 21.70 35000
    • Example 20 Generation of Bispecific Antibodies by 2-MEA-Induced Fab-Arm Exchange
  • An in vitro method for producing bispecific antibodies is described in WO 2008119353 (Genmab) and reported by van der Neut-Kolfschoten et al. (Science. 2007 Sep. 14; 317(5844):1554-7). Herein, a bispecific antibody was formed by “Fab-arm” or “half-molecule” exchange (swapping of a heavy chain and attached light chain) between two monospecific IgG4- or IgG4-like antibodies upon incubation under mildly reducing conditions. Without being limited to theory, this Fab-arm exchange reaction was the result of a disulfide-bond isomerization reaction wherein the inter heavy-chain disulfide bonds in the hinge regions of monospecific antibodies were reduced and the resulting free cysteines form a new inter heavy-chain disulfide bond with cysteine residues of another antibody molecule with a different specificity. The resulting product was a bispecific antibody having two Fab arms with different sequences.
  • The knowledge of this natural IgG4 Fab-arm exchange was adapted to generate a method to produce stable IgG1-based bispecific antibodies (WO 2011131746 (Genmab)). The bispecific antibody product generated by this method described below will no longer participate in IgG4 Fab-arm exchange. The basis for this method was the use of complimentary CH3 domains, which promote the formation of heterodimers under specific assay conditions. To enable the production of bispecific antibodies by this method, IgG1 molecules carrying certain mutations in the CH3 domain were generated: in one of the parental IgG1 antibody T350I, K370T and F405L mutations (or minimally F405L) in the other parental IgG1 antibody the K409R mutation.
  • To generate bispecific antibodies, these two parental antibodies, each antibody at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL (equimolar concentration), were incubated with 25 mM 2-mercaptoethylamine-HCl (2-MEA) in a total volume of 100 μL TE at 37° C. for 90 min. The reduction reaction is stopped when the reducing agent 2-MEA is removed by using spin columns (Microcon centrifugal filters, 30 k, Millipore) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
    • Example 21 HER2×CD3 Bispecific Antibodies Tested in an In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay
  • CD3 is a protein complex that is associated with the T cell receptor α and β chain expressed on mature T cells. Combination of a CD3 specific antibody Fab-arm with a tumor antigen specific antibody Fab-arm in a bispecific antibody would result in the specific targeting of T cells to tumor cells, leading to T cell mediated tumor cell lysis. Likewise, CD3 positive T cells could be targeted to other derailed cells in the body, to infected cells or directly to pathogens.
  • Various HER2×CD3 bispecific antibodies were generated, combining different HER2 and public domain CD3 antibody sequences. Furthermore b12, a gp120 specific antibody (Barbas, CF. J Mol Biol. 1993 Apr. 5; 230(3):812-23.) was used as a negative control. Heavy and light chain variable region sequences for the HER2-specific Fab-arm for antibody 153 were SEQ ID NO:63 and 67, respectively, and VH and VL sequences for the HER2-specific Fab-arm of antibody 169 were SEQ ID NO:1 and 5, respectively. The following heavy and light chain variable region sequences for the CD3 specific Fab-arm were used:
  • YTH12.5 (Routledge et al., Eur J Immunol. 1991, 21(11):2717-25, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, including sequence disclosures)
  •
    SEQ ID NO:  VH YTH12.5 EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSFPMAWVRQAP
    234 GKGLEWVSTISTSGGRTYYRDSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQ
    MNSLRAEDTAVYYCAKFRQYSGGFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID NO:  VL YTH12.5 DIQLTQPNSVSTSLGSTVKLSCTLSSGNIENNYVHWYQLYE
    235 GRSPTTMIYDDDKRPDGVPDRFSGSIDRSSNSAFLTIHNVAI
    EDEAIYFCHSYVSSFNVFGGGTKLTVL
    Sequences highlighted by bold represent the CDR1 domains, sequences highlighted by underline represent the CDR2 domains, and sequences highlighted by italic represent the CDR3 domains.
  • HUM291 (humanized antibody visilizumab, sequences retrieved from the NCBI protein database under GenBank accession No.: AAC28464.1, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety)
  •
    SEQ ID NO:  VH HUM291 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFISYTMHWVRQA
    236 PGQGLEWMGYINPRSGYTHYNQKLKDKATLTADKSASTAYM
    ELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSAYYDYDGFAYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID NO:  VL HUM291 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCSASSSVSYMNWYQQKPG
    237 KAPKRLIYDTSKLASGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFA
    TYYCQQWSSNPPTFGGGTKVEIK
    Sequences highlighted by bold represent the CDR1 domains, sequences highlighted by underline represent the CDR2 domains, and sequences highlighted by italic represent the CDR3 domains.
  • huOKT3-C114S-gLC (used in teplizumab, with an additional C114S mutation in VH; Adair, J. et al. 1994. Hum Antibodies Hybridomas 5:41-47, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, including sequence disclosures).
  •
    SEQ ID NO:  VH huOKT3- QVQLVQSGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCKASGYTFTRYTMHWVR
    238 C114S-gLC QAPGKGLEWIGYINPSRGYTNYNQKVKDRFTISRDNSKNT
    AFLQMDSLRPEDTGVYFCARYYDDHYSLDYWGQGTPVTV
    SS
    SEQ ID NO:  VL huOKT3- DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCSASSSVSYMNWYQQTP
    239 C114S-gLC GKAPKRWIYDTSKLASGVPSRFSGSGSGTDYTFTISSLQP
    EDIATYYCQQWSSNPFTFGQGTKLQIT
    Sequences highlighted by bold represent the CDR1 domains, sequences highlighted by underline represent the CDR2 domains, and sequences highlighted by italic represent the CDR3 domains.
  • huCLB-T3/4 is a humanized version of murine antibody CLB-T3/4 (Parren et al., Res Immunol. 1991, 142(9):749-63, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, including sequence disclosures. Briefly, the CLB-T3/4 murine VH and VL sequences as published in Parren et al. (1991) were aligned to the human VH and VL repertoires using the IMGT's V-QUEST. The closest human germlines that were found were IGHV3-21*01 for the VH gene and IGKV3-11*01(+IGKJ4*02) for the VL gene. All amino acid residues in the murine VH and VL sequences that differed were replaced by the human equivalent, except for those within the CDR regions of CLB-T3/4. As no related J-region was found for the VH sequence, the common WGQGTLVTVSS sequence was used for the FR4 region of the heavy chain. Both sequences were cloned into the relevant expression vectors and expressed by cotransfection in HEK293F cells.
  •
    SEQ ID NO:  VH huCLB-T3/4 EVQLVESGGGLVKPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYGMFWVRQ
    240 APGKGLEWVATISRYSRYIYYPDSVKGRFTISRDNAKNSLY
    LQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARRPLYGSSPDYWGQGTLVTVSS
    SEQ ID NO:  VL huCLB-T3/4 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCSASSSVTYVHWYQQKPG
    241 QAPRLLIYDTSKLASGIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLEPEDF
    AVYYCFQGSGYPLTFGSGTKLEMR
    SEQ ID NO:  VH CDR1 GFTFSSYG
    242
    SEQ ID NO:  VH CDR2 ISRYSRYI
    243
    SEQ ID NO:  VH CDR3 ARRPLYGSSPDY
    244
    SEQ ID NO:  VL CDR1 SSVTY
    245
    VL CDR2 DTS
    SEQ ID NO:   VL CDR3 FQGSGYPLT
    246
  • All antibodies were expressed as IgG1,κ being modified in their Fc regions as follows: IgG1-HER2-153-K409R, IgG1-HER2-169-K409R, IgG1-b12-K409R, IgG1-hu-CLB-T3/4-F405L, IgG1-YTH12.5-F405L, IgG1-HUM291-F405L and IgG1-huOKT3-F405L.
  • Also, for subsequent experiments, N297Q mutants of the same antibodies were generated to make the Fc-domain of the antibodies inert. An inert Fc-domain prevents the antibody to interact with Fc-receptors present on monocytes, since it removes a glycosylation site; glycosylation at this site is critical for IgG-Fcgamma receptor interactions (Bolt S et al., Eur J Immunol 1993, 23:403-411). Alternatively to the N297Q mutation, residual Fc activity was further removed by combining three sets of mutations from the public domain in one antibody Fc domain. The mutations L234F, L235E, P331S (Oganesyan, Acta Cryst. (2008). D64, 700-704), D265A (Shields JBC (2001) 276(9) 6591-6604) and N297Q were introduced in the K409R and F405L IgG1 backbone. The combinations of these five mutations, designated LFLEDANQPS (SEQ ID NO:251) is used in some of the examples as well. The following Fc sequences for the different Fc-variants were used (mutations are highlighted by underlined letters:
  • IgG1 heavy chain constant region-WT 
    (SEQ ID NO: 247)
    ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVV
    TVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTP
    EVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVS
    NKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTT
    PPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    IgG1 heavy chain constant region-F405L 
    (SEQ ID NO: 248)
    >ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSV
    VTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKV
    SNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFLLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    IgG1 heavy chain constant region-K409R 
    (SEQ ID NO: 249)
    >ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSV
    VTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKV
    SNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    IgG1 heavy chain constant region-N297Q 
    (SEQ ID NO: 250)
    >ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSV
    VTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYQSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKV
    SNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    IgG1 heavy chain constant region-LFLEDANQPS mut 
    (SEQ ID NO: 251)
    >ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSV
    VTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    TPEVTCVVVAVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYQSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKV
    SNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    IgG1 heavy chain constant region-F405L N297Q 
    (SEQ ID NO: 252)
    >ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSV
    VTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYQSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKV
    SNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFLLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    IgG1 heavy chain constant region-K409R N297Q 
    (SEQ ID NO: 253)
    >ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSV
    VTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYQSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKV
    SNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    IgG1 heavy chain constant region-F405L LFLEDANQPS 
    (SEQ ID NO: 254)
    >ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSV
    VTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    TPEVTCVVVAVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYQSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKV
    SNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFLLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    IgG1 heavy chain constant region-K409R LFLEDANQPS 
    (SEQ ID NO: 255)
    >ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSV
    VTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    TPEVTCVVVAVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYQSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKV
    SNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
  • The following heavy and light chain variable region sequences for the b12, HIV gp120 specific Fab-arm were used (sequence as described by: Barbas, CF. J Mol Biol. 1993 Apr. 5; 230(3):812-23.)
  • VH b12 
    (SEQ ID NO: 256)
    >QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCQASGYRFSNFVIHWVRQAPGQRFEWMGWINPYNGNKEFSAKFQ
    DRVTFTADTSANTAYMELRSLRSADTAVYYCARVGPYSWDDSPQDNYYMDVWGKGTTVIVSS
    VL b12 
    (SEQ ID NO: 257)
    >EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATFSCRSSHSIRSRRVAWYQHKPGQAPRLVIHGVSNRASGISDRFSGSGS
    GTDFTLTITRVEPEDFALYYCQVYGASSYTFGQGTKLERK
  • Bispecific antibodies from these HER2 and CD3 specific antibodies were generated as described in Example 20.
  • Specificity for human CD3 was verified by binding of the bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies to Jurkat (CD3 expressing T cell line) cells using flow cytometry. Bivalent binding of parental IgG1 anti-CD3 antibodies was compared to binding by monospecific parental antibodies. All generated bispecific batches showed good binding to both Jurkat cells albeit with a lower affinity than monospecific bivalent CD3 antibodies (FIG. 9A-D).
  • Simultaneous binding of the bispecific antibody huCLB-T3/4-N297Q-F405L×HER2-169-N297Q-K409R was shown by co-incubating two cell populations labeled with different fluorescent dyes in the presence of bispecific antibodies or control antibodies. HER2 positive AU565 cells were labeled with CFSE (FITC/FL-1) and CD3 expressing Jurkat cells were labeled with PKH26 (PE/FL-2), according to manufacturer's instructions. Both cell types were then co-incubated for 30 min at 4° C., in the presence of bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies. Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry on FACS CantoII. A quadrant analysis was performed to detect CSFE/PKH26 double-positive cells.
  • Only in the presence of bispecific antibody, a population of double-positive cells (doublets) was observed, indicating that these antibodies can bind two cell types simultaneously. Data are summarized in FIG. 10A and representative examples of cells treated with bispecific HER2×CD3 (169×CLB-T3/4) and a monospecific control antibody are shown in FIG. 10B.
  • The HER2×CD3 antibodies were then tested in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay using AU565 cells with either isolated T cells alone or PBMCs as effector cells. AU565 cells were cultured to near confluency. Cells were washed twice with PBS, and trypsinized for 5 minutes at 37° C. 12 mL culture medium was added to inactivate trypsin and cells were spun down for 5 min, 800 rpm. Cells were resuspended in 10 mL culture medium and a single cell suspension was made by passing the cells through a cellstrainer. 100 μL of a 5×105 cells/mL suspension was added to each well of a 96-well culture plate, and cells were incubated at least 3 hrs at 37° C., 5% CO2 to allow adherence to the plate.
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from blood from healthy volunteers using Leucosep 30 mL tubes, according to the manufacturer's protocol (Greiner Bio-one). T cells were isolated from PBMC preparations by negative selection using the Untouched Human T-cells Dynabead kit (Dynal). Isolated cells were resuspended in culture medium to a final concentration op 7×106 cells/mL.
  • Culture medium was removed from the adhered AU565 cells, and replaced with 50 μL/well 2× concentrated antibody-dilution and 50 μL/well 7×106 T cells/mL (ratio effector:target=7:1). Plates were incubated for 3 days at 37° C., 5% CO2. Supernatants were removed and plates were washed twice with PBS. To each well 150 μL culture medium and 15 μL Alamar blue was added. Plates were incubate for 4 hours at 37° C., 5% CO2, and absorbance was measured (Envision, Perkin Elmer).
  • FIG. 11 shows that all bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies induced dose-dependent killing of AU565 cells in an in vitro cytoxicity assay with isolated T cells. Killing was critically dependent on the presence of a tumor-targeting Fab-arm (both clone 169 and 153), whereas control antibodies (CD3 monospecific IgG1-YTH12.5, IgG1-huCLB-T3/4, IgG1-Hum291 and IgG1-OKT3 and irrelevant antigen-specific IgG1-b12, and CD3×b12) did not induce T cell cytotoxicity. Bispecific antibodies containing HER2-169 were more potent than those containing HER2-153.
  • As shown in FIG. 17 of Example 27, the N297Q mutation and therefore absence of Fc glycosylation of HER2×CD3 bispecific antibody huCLB-T3/4×HER2-169 did not impact the potential to induce dose dependent cytotoxicity of AU565 cells with PBMC.
    • Example 22 HER2 Downmodulation
  • To investigate if enhanced HER2 internalization induced by Group 3 antibodies 098 and 153 and Group 4 antibody 005 also results in enhanced receptor downmodulation, AU565 cells were incubated with HER2 antibodies for 3 days, and analyzed for presence of HER2. AU565 cells were seeded in a 24-wells tissue culture plate (100.000 cells/well) in normal cell culture medium and cultured for 3 days at 37° C. in the presence of 10 μg/mL HER2 antibody. After washing with PBS, cells were lysed by incubating 30 min at room temperature with 25 μL Surefire Lysis buffer (Perkin Elmer, Turku, Finland). Total protein levels were quantified using bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay reagent (Pierce) according to the manufacturer's protocol. HER2 protein levels in the lysates were analyzed using a HER2-specific sandwich ELISA. Rabbit-anti-human HER2 intracellular domain antibody (Cell Signaling) was used to capture HER2 and biotinylated goat-anti-human HER2 polyclonal antibody (R&D), followed by streptavidin-poly-HRP, were used to detect bound HER2. The reaction was visualized using 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS: dilute one ABTS tablet in 50 mL ABTS buffer [Roche Diagnostics, Almere, The Netherlands]) and stopped with oxalic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Fluorescence at 405 nm was measured on a microtiter plate reader (Biotek Instruments, Winooski, USA) and the amount of HER2 was expressed as a percentage relative to untreated cells.
  • The results shown in FIG. 12 and Table 10 demonstrate that both tested Group 3 antibodies (098 and 153) induced more than 50% HER2 downmodulation. In contrast, antibodies 025, 169 and Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) barely induced downmodulation (approximately 20% of untreated cells) while antibody 005 induced moderate downmodulation (approximately 30% of untreated cells). This was in line with enhanced internalization observed by antibodies 098, 153, and 005.
  • TABLE 10
    Antibody induced downmodulation of HER2 depicted
    as percentage HER2 compared to untreated cells
    antibody % HER2 compared to untreated cells
    Herceptin
    80
    IgG1-1014-169 82
    IgG1-1014-025 85
    IgG1-1014-098 44
    IgG1-1014-153 50
    IgG1-1014-005 70
    isotype control 108
    • Example 23 Colocalization of HER2 Antibodies with Lysosomal Marker LAMP1 Analyzed by Confocal Microscopy
  • The HER2 downmodulation assay as described in Example 21 and the CypHer-5E based internalization assay as described in Example 19 indicated that HER2 antibodies from groups 3 and 4 were more efficiently internalized and targeted towards lysosomes compared to antibodies from Groups 1 and 2. To confirm the enhanced lysosomal transport of antibodies from groups 3 and 4, AU565 cells were cultured on glass coverslips and treated for 18 hours with the indicated antibodies. Cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with FITC-conjugated goat anti-human IgG1 to visualize antibody and mouse anti-human CD107a (LAMP1) followed by goat anti-mouse IgG-Cy5 to identify lysosomes.
  • However, in these experiments the confocal imaging was done with settings that allowed discriminating between monospecific and bispecific antibodies but not between different monospecific antibodies, in fact, with these settings monospecific antibodies could hardly be detected. To be able to compare between the different monospecific antibodies, the confocal slides were measured again with increased gain settings, to enhance fluorescence intensity. All other steps of the procedure were the same as described in Example 23.
  • The results are depicted in FIG. 13 and Table 11, and show that the FITC pixel intensity overlapping with Cy5 for various monospecific HER2 antibodies. From each slide three different images were analyzed containing ˜1, 3 or >5 cells. Significant variation was observed between the different images within each slide. Still, it was evident that antibodies 005, 098 and 153 were more efficiently targeted towards lysosomal compartments, compared to 025, pertuzumab, 169 and Trastuzumab (Herceptin®). This correlated well with the enhanced internalization and receptor degradation induced by these antibodies.
  • TABLE 11
    Mean FITC pixel intensities overlapping
    with Cy5 depicted as arbitrary units
    FITC pixel intensity in lysosomes
    antibody [arbitrary units]
    TH1014-005 0.619
    TH1014-098 0.522
    TH1014-153 0.409
    TH1014-025 0.248
    TH1014-pert 0.214
    TH1014-169 0.255
    Herceptin 0.236
    • Example 24 HER2 Extracellular Domain Shuffle Human-to-Chicken
  • To further define the HER2 binding regions recognized by antibodies from the four different cross-competition groups described in Example 14, a HER2 extracellular domain shuffle experiment was performed. To this end, a small gene-synthesis library with five constructs was generated, swapping the sequences of domain I, II, III or IV of the extracellular domain of human HER2 to the corresponding sequence of chicken HER2 (Gallus gallus isoform B NCBI: NP—001038126.1): 1) fully human HER2 (Uniprot PO4626) hereafter named hu-HER2, 2) hu-HER2 with chicken domain I (replacing amino acids (aa) 1-203 of the human HER2 with the corresponding chicken HER2 region) hereafter named hu-HER2-ch(I), 3) hu-HER2 with chicken domain II (replacing amino acids (aa) 204-330 of the human HER2 with the corresponding chicken HER2 region) hereafter named hu-HER2-ch(II), 4) hu-HER2 with chicken domain III (replacing aa 331-507 of the human HER2 with the corresponding chicken HER2 region) hereafter named hu-HER2-ch(III) and 5) hu-HER2 with chicken domain IV (replacing aa 508-651 of the human HER2 with the corresponding chicken HER2 region) hereafter named hu-HER2-ch(IV). The human and chicken HER2 orthologs show 67% homology in their extracellular domain with 62% homology in domain I, 72% homology in domain II, 63% homology in domain III and 68% homology in domain IV. The constructs were transiently transfected in the Freestyle™ CHO-S (Invitrogen) cell line using Freestyle MAX transfection reagent (Invitrogen) according to the instructions of the manufacturer, and transfected cells were cultured for 20 hours. HER2 antibody binding to the transfected cells was analyzed by means of flow cytometry: The transfected CHO-S cells were harvested, washed with FACS buffer and incubated with 10 μg/mL HER2 antibody (30 minutes on ice). Binding of HER2 antibodies was detected using a Phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated goat-anti-human IgG antibody (Jackson). To check if expression between different batches was the same, cells were fixed and permeabilized using Cytofix/Cytoperm solution (BD) according manufacturer's instruction and stained with a rabbit-anti-human intracellular HER2 antibody (DAKO) in combination with a secondary PE-conjugated goat-anti-rabbit antibody (Jackson). An isotype control antibody was used as negative control. Fluorescence was measured on a FACSCanto-II (BD) and binding curves were made by means of non-linear regression (sigmoidal dose-response with variable slope) using GraphPad Prism V4.03 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, Calif., USA). Loss of binding was used as read out to identify which HER2 domains were recognized by the different antibodies.
  • Exemplary binding curves for antibody 153 are shown in FIG. 14. All binding results are shown in Table 12. Group 1 HER2 antibodies 050, 084, 169 and Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) showed loss of binding to Hu-HER2-ch(IV), but not to the proteins with one of the remaining domains shuffled, demonstrating that the epitopes of Group 1 mAbs reside in HER2 domain IV. Group 2 antibodies 025, 091, 129 and pertuzumab showed only loss of binding to Hu-HER2-ch(II), indicating that the epitope resides in HER2 domain II. Antibodies 098 and 153 were both defined to Group 3 in cross-competition assays (not shown) but showed some variation in the shuffle experiment. Antibody 098 clearly showed loss of binding to Hu-HER2-ch(I) and a minor decrease in binding to Hu-HER2-ch(II), while 153 showed only loss of binding to Hu-HER2-ch(II). These data suggest that Group 3 mAbs 098 and 153 can also bind, at least partially, to the HER2 domain II, with epitopes that possibly extend into HER2 domain I, as is the case for 098. Antibodies 005, 006, 060 and 111 showed loss of binding upon substitution of HER2 domain III, which demonstrated that the epitope resides in HER2 domain III. Interestingly, antibodies 059 and 106 demonstrated loss of binding to both hu-HER2-ch(III) and hu-HER2-ch(I), implying that antibodies 059 and 106 recognize a conformational epitope within these two domains.
  • TABLE 12
    Summary of HER2 antibody binding to different
    HER2ECD receptor constructs.
    HER2-domain shuffled
    Antibody Group FL I II III IV
    Herceptin ® 1 +++ +++ +++ +++ −
    050 1 +++ +++ +++ +++ −
    084 1 +++ +++ +++ +++ −
    169 1 +++ +++ +++ +++ +
    Pertuzumab 2 +++ +++ + +++ +++
    025 2 +++ +++ − +++ +++
    091 2 +++ +++ − +++ +++
    129 2 +++ +++ − +++ +++
    153 3 +++ +++ − +++ +++
    098 3 +++ − ++ +++ +++
    005 4 +++ +++ +++ − +++
    006 4 +++ +++ +++ − +++
    059 4 +++ − +++ − +++
    060 4 +++ +++ +++ − +++
    106 4 +++ − +++ − +++
    111 4 +++ +++ +++ − +++
    FL; hu-HER2, I; hu-HER2-ch(I), II; hu-HER2-ch(II), III; hu-HER2-ch(III), IV; hu-HER2-ch(IV). +++ indicates normal binding, ++ indicates reduced EC50 but the similar maximal binding compared to binding observed to hu-HER2, + indicates reduced EC50 and reduced maximal binding detected compared to binding observed to hu-HER2, − indicates no binding.
    • Example 25 In Vivo Efficacy of HER2 HuMabs 005, 091, 084 and 169 in NCI-N87 Human Gastric Carcinoma Xenografts in SCID Mice
  • The in vivo effect of HER2-HuMabs 091 (cross-competition Group 2), 084 and 169 (both cross-competition Group 1), and 005 (cross-block Group 4) on tumor growth and survival in a NCI-N87 human gastric carcinoma xenograft model in female CB.17 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was determined. 10×106 NCI-N87 tumor cells in 50% matrigel were injected s.c. in female SCID mice, 10 mice per group. Eight days after tumor inoculation, intravenous treatment with HER2- HuMabs 005, 091, 084, and 169 or control antibody HuMab-HepC was started. In FIG. 15 (A) and (C), this is indicated as day 1, day of treatment initiation. The first dose was at 40 mg/kg, followed by 10 mg/kg on days 4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 22, and 25 after treatment initiation. Tumor volume was determined at least 2 times per week. Volumes (mm3) were calculated from caliper (PLEXX) measurements as (width2×length)/2.
  • The results are depicted in FIG. 15A, 15B, 15C and 15D, which show that the mice administered with HuMab 005, 084, 169 and 091 demonstrated slower tumor growth (A) and better survival (B) than the mice that received negative control antibody HuMab-HepC. All treatments were well-tolerated.
    • Example 26 Therapeutic Treatment of BT-474 Breast Tumor Xenografts in Balb/C Nude Mice
  • The effect of therapeutic treatment of five different HER2 HuMabs on human subcutaneous BT-474 breast tumor xenografts in Balb/C nude mice was determined. BT-474 tumor cells were injected 24 to 72 hours after a whole body irradiation with a γ-source (1.8 Gy, Co60, BioMep, France). 2×107 BT-474 cells in 200 μl of RPMI 1640 containing matrigel (50:50, v:v; BD Biosciences) were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of female Balb/C nude mice. Body weight and tumor volume of the mice was recorded twice a week. Tumor volumes (mm3) were calculated from caliper (PLEXX) measurements as: (width2×length)/2.
  • Treatment with HER2 HuMabs was started when the tumors reached a mean volume of 100-200 mm3. Tumor bearing mice were randomized into groups of 8 mice. One group received twice weekly intravenous (i.v.) injections of the control mAb HuMab-HepC. Four other groups received twice weekly i.v. injections of HER2 HuMab 025, 129, 153 and 091, with a first dose of 20 mg/kg and following 9 doses of 5 mg/kg.
  • The results are depicted in FIG. 16A and 16B and show that BT-474 tumor growth was partially inhibited with HuMab 129 and HuMab 153 treatment (about 30 and 50% of inhibition compared to HuMab-HepC control treatment). HuMab-025 and HuMab-091 strongly inhibited the BT-474 tumor growth and the time to reach a tumor volume of 800 mm3 was significantly delayed by these antibodies. Survival was also improved in the HER2 HuMab receiving mice.
    • Example 27 Removing Fc-Mediated T Cell Activation by Means of Fc Mutations
  • Monocytes, which are present in PBMCs, express Fc-receptors which can interact with the Fc-domains in the IgG monospecific and bispecific antibodies. In case monospecific CD3 antibodies are used, it is known that such active Fc-domain can cause activation of T-cells. Importantly, if purified T-cells are used as effector cells this Fc-mediated effect is absent due to the absence of monocytes.
  • In order to remove this activity, a strategy was set up to create antibodies without such Fc-mediated activity. Deglycosylation of antibodies, either post-translational via N-glycanase or genetically via N297Q mutation has been described to result in an inert antibody format (Tao M H et al., Immunol 1989, 143; 2595-2601). These Fc modified antibodies were generated to determine the contribution of Fc-mediated activation of T cells. A panel of (bispecific) antibodies with either a N297Q mutation in the Fc-domain or chemically deglycosylated were compared to antibodies with WT Fc regions in a cytotoxity assay with PBMCs (E:T ratio 5:1). The cytotoxicity assay was performed as described in Example 21, however human PBMC were used instead of purified T-cells. Deglycosylation did not compromise the activity of the HER2×CD3 bispecific antibodies in the cytotoxicity assay whereas the Fc-mediated activity of monospecific huCLB-T3/4 was strongly but not completely removed under the tested conditions (FIG. 17).
  • To completely remove the residual Fc activity three sets of mutations from the public domain were combined in one mutant. The mutations L234F, L235E, P331S (Oganesyan Acta Cryst. (2008). D64, 700-704), D265A (Shields JBC (2001) 276(9) 6591-6604) and N297Q were introduced in the K409R and F405L IgG1 backbone. This mutant, designated LFLEDANQPS, did not show any residual Fc-mediated activation of T cells in a cytotoxity assay (same protocol as above) with PBMCs (FIG. 17).
    • Example 28 Effect of HER2 epitope on HER2×CD3 efficacy
  • The effect of the binding site on the tumor target (epitope) was determined by generating three bispecific antibodies recognizing different HER2 epitopes combined with a CD3 antibody that was proven to be effective in a bispecific format (Examples 21 and 27). The HER2- clones 005, 153 and 169 are three non-crossblocking antibodies recognizing a spatially segregated part of HER2 as shown in Example 24. These three HER2-clones were combined with CD3 antibody clone huCLB-T3/4, which recognizes human CD3 as a bispecific molecule and tested in a cytotoxicity assay with either human PBMCs or purified human T cells. The assay was performed as described in example 21. An E:T ratio of 1:1 was used for the T-cells assay, a 2:1 ratio was used for the PBMC assay.
  • As shown in FIG. 18, all three bispecific antibodies are able to induce killing of AU565 target cells, albeit with different efficacy. These data show an important effect of the location of the target epitope on the cytotoxic potential of a HER2×CD3 bispecific antibody.
    • Example 29 Efficacy of T Cell Mediated Killing Depends on HER2 Expression Levels
  • Cell lines with different HER2 expression levels were used to study the effect of target density on the efficacy of bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies. Bispecific antibody 169×huCLB-T3/4-N297Q was tested in a cytotoxicity assay using A549, A431, 3T3 and AU565 cells. HER2 expression was determined using QIFIKIT® analysis, using the mouse anti-human HER2 (R&D Systems, Cat. MAB1129, Lot IBD0207061) and isotype control antibody (BD, Cat. 555740 Lot 3280) at a concentration of 10 fag/mL. The expression levels are summarized in Table 13.
  • For the cytotoxity assay the different HER2 expressing cell lines were co-cultured with freshly isolated human T cells with an E:T ratio of 10:1, using the protocol described in Example 21.
  • The cytotoxic efficacy of 169×CLB-T3/4 was correlated with the HER2 expression of the target cell line (FIG. 19). AU565 cells were killed at already very low concentrations of antibody whereas the cells with lowest expression (A549) could hardly be killed in this experimental set up.
  • TABLE 13
    HER2 expression levels of cell lines used in cytotoxity assay.
    HER2 expression (molecules
    Cell line per cell)
    AU565 4 × 10e5
    NIH-3T3 7 × 10e4
    A431 1.4 × 10e4 
    A549
    1 × 10e4
    • Example 30 Characterization of HER2×CD3 Bispecific Antibody Induced T Cell Activation
  • As shown in previous examples effective killing of various HER2 expressing tumor cell lines was accomplished by using bispecific HER2×CD3 antibodies. The expression of CD69, a well characterized activation marker of cytotoxic T cells, was monitored in T cells co-cultured with AU565 tumor cells in the presence of bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody for 16 h at 37° C. A dose dependent activation of the T cells as measured by CD69 expression was observed (FIG. 20) which correlates with the observed cytotoxicity data shown in Example 21.
  • In agreement with the cytotoxicity data shown in Example 27, in vitro characterization of the T cell response revealed that also in the absence of tumor cells, an Fc-mediated T cell activation could be observed when PBMCs were used as effector cells (FIG. 21). This effect was most prominent when a variant with an unmodified Fc of DuoBody HER2 169×huCLBT3/4 was used and could be reduced by introduction of the N297Q mutation. The Fc mediated activation by monospecific CD3 antibodies could be further reduced by using an LFLEDANQPS Fc-mutant (FIG. 21).
  • An in vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed as described in Example 21. Th1/Th2 cytokine detection in the medium of the different wells was performed by collecting supernatant samples of a cytotoxicity assay to measure cytokine release. Undiluted samples were analysed on FACS using the human Th1/Th2 Cytokine detection kit (BD Biosciences, cat#551809), according to manufacturer's instructions. Cytokine concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α in the samples were calculated based on standard curves of these cytokines. Data was analyzed using Graphpad Prism 5.0 and Excel 2003 software. Three groups of cytokines were analyzed (1) Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, INF-γ and IL-2 (2) Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL6 and (3) Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4 and IL10. Cytokine profiles at day 3 generated by T-cells or PBMCs in in vitro cytotoxicity assay with DuoBody huCLB-T3/4×HER2-169 N297Q and all appropriate controls are summarized in Table 14.
  • Cytokines are upregulated when tumor cells and T-cells were incubated together with DuoBody huCLB-T3/4×HER2-169 N297Q in contrast to the control antibodies and control treatments (medium and T-cells only).
  • Incubation of tumor cells and PBMC with DuoBody huCLB-T3/4×HER2-169 N297Q also resulted in upregulation of the measured cytokines when compared to control antibody IgG1-1014-169 N297Q and IgG1-Herceptin® and control situations (medium and T-cells only). However, incubation of target cells and PBMCs with control antibody DuoBody huCLB-T3/4-N297Q×b12-N297Q and monospecific huCLB-T3/4-N297Q also resulted in upregulation of most cytokines compared to control situations (medium and T-cells only).
  • Cytokine expression was also followed over time. Cytokine profiles at day 1, 2 and 3 generated by T-cells or PBMCs in in vitro cytotoxicity assay with DuoBody™ huCLB-T3/4-N297Q×HER2-169-N297Q are depicted in FIG. 22. In general, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, INF-γ and IL-2, were pronounced present in experiments were lower antibody concentrations were used (3 ng/mL). In experiments where antibody concentrations were increased with a factor 300, most pro-inflammatory cytokines were present at lower concentrations. IL-6, the cytokine with pro and anti-inflammatory activity, is hardly secreted by T-cells, but highly secreted by PBMCs upon incubation with tumor cells and DuoBody huCLB-T3/4×HER2-169 N297Q. Some cytokines are secreted at higher levels at day 1 and/or day 2 and decrease at day 3, whereas others are secreted at lower levels at day 1 and show increased expression at day 2 and or 3.
  • Additionally the release of GM-CSF as a measure for T cell activation was measured. This cytokine is not consumed during the activation of T cells and is therefore better suited for the measurement of cytokines levels in long term experiments. To investigate the observed cytokine release in the control samples as described above Fc mutants were compared to WT antibodies. Hereto T cells samples from co-cultures of PBMCs with AU565 tumor cells in the presence of bispecific antibodies were analyzed in a GM-CSF ELISA.
  • The following protocol was used: An ELISA plate was coated with 100 μL/well 2.0 μg/mL coating antibody (anti-GM-CSF 9.1 Sanquin) in PBS and incubated 0/N at room temperature (RT). Plates were then washed 3 times with PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween (PBST) using an Elisa-washer. Samples were diluted in PBST/0.2% BSA and standard curve samples were prepared (Standard curve: first point 1000 μg/mL, two-fold dilution curve, 10 steps and 2 blanks (Standard GM-CSF=rec GM-CSF Sandoz). 100 μL/well of samples were added to the plate and 10 μL/well of monoclonal biotinylated anti-GM-CSF (monoclonal anti-GM-CSF 16.3 Sanquin) (1 μg/mL) diluted in PBST/0.2% BSA and incubated for 2 h at RT on a shaker. After washing 3 times with PBS-T 100 μL/well Strep-poly-HRP diluted in PBST/0.2% BSA (0.1 μg/mL) was added and incubated for 20 minutes at room temperature on a shaker. For detection 1 tablet of ABTS substrate was dissolved in 50 ml ABTS-buffer (Roche) and 100 μL/well of the ABTS solution was added to well and incubated for 15-30 mintues at RT in the dark. The reaction was stopped with 100 μL/well 2% oxalic acid and incubated for 10 min in the dark. Absorbance was read at 405 nm using an EL808-Elisa-reader.
  • DuoBody HER2 169×huCLB-T3/4 (both Fc variants, N297Q and LFLEDANQPS) induced a dose-dependent activation of T cells as shown by GM-CSF production (FIG. 23). The monospecific control antibody IgG1-HER2-169-N297Q and the irrelevant antibody IgG1-b12 N297Q did not induce T cell activation as expected. As observed in the TH1/TH2 cytokine profile assay monospecific IgG1-huCLB-T3/4 N297Q and DuoBody huCLB-T3/4×b12 N297Q did induce activation of T cells. The (Fab′)2 control and the inactive Fc mutant LFLEDANQPS of IgG1-CLB-T3/4 did not induce T cell activation suggesting that Fc mediated activation of T cells by N297Q mutants is occurring.
  • TABLE 14
    Cytokine profile measured at day 3 of in vitro cytotoxicity assay
    with A. T-cells or B. PBMCs (incubated with 1000 ng/mL antibody).
    A
    Cytokines T-cells (conc. pg/mL)
    INFγ TNFα IL2 IL6 IL4 IL10
    DuoBody 4268.0 1005.1 2371.3 45.3 32.6 2010.1
    huCLB-T3/4-Q ×
    HER2-169-Q
    DuoBody 0.5 0.3 9.3 0.1 0.1 1.7
    huCLB-T3/4-Q ×
    B12-Q
    IgG1-hCLB- 1.6 1.7 20.5 0.2 0.3 2.6
    T3/4-Q
    IgG1-HER2- 4.8 0.7 5.1 0.3 0.2 0.5
    169-Q
    T-cells only 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3
    T-cell medium 3.8 1.0 7.9 0.2 0.1 0.3
    B
    Cytokines PBMCs (conc. pg/mL)
    INFγ TNFα IL2 IL6 IL4 IL10
    DuoBody 4082.6 1073.3 585.6 4191.9 13.2 2018.2
    huCLB-T3/4-Q ×
    HER2-169-Q *
    DuoBody 1760.2 115.0 10.1 569.4 1.4 592.4
    huCLB-T3/4-Q ×
    B12-Q *
    IgG1-hCLB- 1474.2 92.7 345.2 116.5 1.7 1295.4
    T3/4-Q
    IgG1-HER2- 1.3 1.0 15.5 2.2 0.2 2.8
    169-Q
    T-cells only 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4
    T-cell medium 1.5 1.0 8.8 0.2 0.3 2.2
    * Concentration antibody = 1000 ng/mL
    • Example 31 In Vivo Proof of Concept
  • The in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody was evaluated, in a subcutaneous NCI-N87 xenograft model, in which human T cells are co-inoculated in the form of unstimulated PBMCs with the tumor cells, analogous to the model described by Brischwein et al., (Mol. Immunol. 43 (2006), 1129-1143). Six to eleven weeks old female NOD-SCID (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/NcrCrl) mice were used. PBMC from healthy donors were isolated from a buffy coat as described in Example 21. At day 0, a mixture containing 5×106 cells of both PBMCs (and NCI-N87 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in 200 μL in the right flank of each mouse (PBMCs from two donors were used in parallel to rule out donor specific artefacts. Within one hour of injection, the mice were sorted into five groups (n=7) and each group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a single dose of (bispecific) antibody. Treatment groups are shown in Table 15. All antibody samples were supplemented with irrelevant mAb IgG1-b12 to obtain a total antibody concentration of 4 mg/kg per sample.
  • Tumors were measured twice per week using caliper (PLEXX) until an endpoint tumor volume of 1500 mm3, tumors showed ulcerations or until the end of the study (day 50). FIG. 24A shows that on day 42 tumor outgrowth is inhibited most optimal by bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody effectively at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg.
  • In FIG. 24B, the percentage survival (with tumor sizes smaller then 500 mm3) is shown in a Kaplan-Meier plot. Tumor formation is significantly delayed (p<0.05, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox)) in mice treated with HER2×CD3 antibodies (0.05 mg/kg) compared to control group treated with b12×CD3 control antibody.
  • TABLE 15
    Treatment groups and dosing.
    Group Antibody Dose
    1 DuoBody HER2 169 x    1 μg (=0.05 mg/kg)
    CLB-T3/4-N297Q
    2 DuoBody b12 x CLB-T3/4-N297Q 80 μg (=4 mg/kg)
    3 Neg control mAb IgG1-b12 80 μg (=4 mg/kg)
    • Example 32 Unraveling the Requirement of the T350I, K370T and F405L Substitutions for Fab-Arm Exchange Engagement of Human IgG1
  • To further identify the determinants in the IgG1 CH3 domain that are required for IgG1 to be engaged in Fab-arm exchange, IgG1 containing the triple mutation T350I-K370T-F405L (ITL) was compared to the double mutants T350I-K370T (IT), T350I-F405L (IL) and K370T-F405L (TL) were studied using antibodies 2F8 and 7D8, respectively described in WO 02/100348 and WO 04/035607. Also the single mutant F405L (L) was tested. 2-MEA was used as a reductant to induce in vitro Fab-arm exchange (50 μg of each antibody in 100 μL PBS/25 mM 2-MEA for 90 min at 37° C.). For the single mutant F405L antibody, unpurified antibody from supernatant of a transient transfection was used after buffer-exchange to PBS using Amicon Ultra centrifugal devices (30 k, Millipore, cat. no. UFC803096). To stop the reduction reaction, the reducing agent 2-MEA was removed by desalting the samples using spin columns. The generation of bispecific antibodies was determined by bispecific binding measured in an ELISA.
  • The triple (ITL), double mutations (IT, IL and TL) and single mutation (L) were introduced in IgG1-2F8. These mutants were combined with IgG4-7D8, containing a CPSC hinge (wild type) or a stabilized hinge (IgG4-7D8-CPPC), for Fab-arm exchange using 25 mM 2-MEA for 90 min at 37° C. FIGS. 25A-B show that the IgG1-2F8-IL and -TL mutants showed Fab-arm exchange to the same level as the triple mutant ITL, irrespective of the combined IgG4-7D8 (CPSC or CPPC hinge). In contrast, no bispecific binding was found for the combination with the IgG1-2F8-IT mutant. FIG. 25C shows that also the IgG1-2F8-F405L mutant showed Fab-arm exchange, irrespective of the combined IgG4-7D8 (CPSC or CPPC hinge). These data indicate that the F405L mutation is sufficient to engage human IgG1 for Fab-arm exchange under the conditions mentioned above.
    • Example 33 Determinants at the IgG1 409 Position for Engagement in 2-MEA-Induced Fab-Arm Exchange in Combination with IgG1-ITL
  • 2-MEA can induce Fab-arm exchange between human IgG1-ITL and IgG4-CPPC. The CH3 interface residues of human IgG1 and IgG4 differ at position 409 only: lysine (K) in IgG1 and arginine (R) in IgG4. Therefore, it was tested whether substitution of lysine at position 409 by arginine or any other amino acid (K409X) could enable IgG1 to engage in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange with IgG1-ITL. Combinations of 10 μg human IgG1-2F8-ITL and 10 μg IgG1-7D8-K409X in 20 μl PBS/25 mM 2-MEA (final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL for each antibody) were incubated for 90 min at 37° C. Unpurified antibodies from supernatants of transient transfections were used after buffer-exchange to PBS using Amicon Ultra centrifugal devices (30 k, Millipore, cat. no. UFC803096). After the Fab-arm exchange reaction, 20 μL PBS was added to each sample and the reducing agent was removed by desalting the samples using spin desalting plate. Dilution series of the antibody samples (total antibody concentration 0-20 μg/mL in 3-fold dilutions) were used in an ELISA to measure bispecific binding.
  • FIG. 26A shows the results of bispecific binding upon 2-MEA induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-ITL×IgG1-7D8-K409X. In FIG. 26B, the exchange is presented as bispecific binding relative to a purified batch of bispecific antibody derived from a 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-ITL and IgG4-7D8-CPPC, which was set to 100%. These data were also scored as (−) no Fab-arm exchange, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange, as presented in Table 1. No Fab-arm exchange (−) was found when the 409 position in IgG1-7D8 was K (=wild type IgG1), L or M. Fab-arm exchange was found to be intermediate (+) when the 409 position in IgG1-7D8 was F, I, N or Y and high (++) when the 409 position in IgG1-7D8 was A, D, E, G, H, Q, R, S, T, V or W.
  • TABLE 16
    2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-ITL
    and IgG1-7D8-K409X mutants. The generation of bispecific
    antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange
    between IgG1-2F8-ITL and IgG1-7D8-K409X mutants was
    determined by a sandwich ELISA.
    Fab-arm exchange
    IgG1-7D8-K409X x IgG1-2F8-ITL
    A ++
    D ++
    E ++
    F +
    G ++
    H ++
    I +
    K −
    L −
    M −
    N +
    Q ++
    R ++
    S ++
    T ++
    V ++
    W ++
    Y +
    (−) no, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate, (++) high Fab-arm exchange.
    • Example 34 Determinants at the IgG1 405 Position for Engagement in 2-MEA-Induced Fab-Arm-Exchange in Combination with IgG1-K409R
  • In Example 32 it is described that the F405L mutation is sufficient to enable human IgG1 to engage in Fab-arm-exchange when combined with IgG4-7D8. To further test the determinants at the IgG1 405 position for engagement in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange in combination with human IgG1-K409R, all possible IgG1-2F8-F405X mutants (with the exception of C and P) were combined with IgG1-7D8-K409R. The procedure was performed with purified antibodies as described in Example 32.
  • FIG. 27 shows the results of bispecific binding upon 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-F405X×IgG1-7D8-K409R. These data were also scored as (−) no Fab-arm exchange, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange, as presented in Table 18. No Fab-arm exchange (−) was found when the 405 position in IgG1-2F8 was F (=wild type IgG1). Fab-arm exchange was found to be low (+/−) when the 405 position in IgG1-2F8 was G or R. Fab-arm exchange was found to be high (++) when the 405 position in IgG1-2F8 was A, D, E, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, S, T, V, W or Y. These data indicate that particular mutations at the IgG1 405 position allow IgG1 to engage in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R.
  • TABLE 17
    2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-F405X
    mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R. The generation of bispecific
    antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm-exchange
    between IgG1-2F8-F405X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R
    was determined by a sandwich ELISA.
    Fab-arm-exchange
    IgG1-2F8-F405X x IgG1-7D8-K409R
    A ++
    D ++
    E ++
    F −
    G +/−
    H ++
    I ++
    K ++
    L ++
    M ++
    N ++
    Q ++
    R +/−
    S ++
    T ++
    V ++
    W ++
    Y ++
    (−) no, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate, (++) high Fab-arm-exchange.
    • Example 35 Determinants at the IgG1 407 Position for Engagement in 2-MEA-Induced Fab-Arm-Exchange in Combination with IgG1-K409R
  • In the previous Example, it is described that certain single mutations at position F405 are sufficient to enable human IgG1 to engage in Fab-arm-exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R. To test whether other determinants implicated in the Fc:Fc interface positions in the CH3 domain could also mediate the Fab-arm-exchange mechanism, mutagenesis of the IgG1 407 position was performed and the mutants were tested for engagement in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange in combination with human IgG1-K409R. All possible IgG1-2F8-Y407X mutants (with the exception of C and P) were combined with IgG1-7D8-K409R. The procedure was performed with purified antibodies.
  • FIG. 28 shows the results of bispecific binding upon 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-Y407X×IgG1-7D8-K409R. These data were also scored as (−) no Fab-arm exchange, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange, as presented in Table 19. No Fab-arm exchange (−) was found when the 407 position in IgG1-2F8 was Y (=wild type IgG1), E, K, Q, or R. Fab-arm exchange was found to be low (+/−) when the 407 position in IgG1-2F8 was D, F, I, S or T and intermediate (+) when the 407 position in IgG1-2F8 was A, H, N or V, and high (++) when the 407 position in IgG1-2F8 was G, L, M or W. These data indicate that particular single mutations at the IgG1 407 position allow IgG1 to engage in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R.
  • TABLE 18
    2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange between IgG1-2F8-Y407X
    mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R. The generation of bispecific
    antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange
    between IgG1-2F8-Y407X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R
    was determined by a sandwich ELISA.
    Fab-arm-exchange
    IgG1-2F8-Y407X x IgG1-7D8-K409R
    A +
    D +/−
    E −
    F +/−
    G ++
    H +
    I +/−
    K −
    L ++
    M ++
    N +
    Q −
    R −
    S +/−
    T +/−
    V +
    W ++
    Y −
    (−) no, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate, (++) high Fab-arm-exchange.
    • Example 36 Determinants at the IgG1 368 Position for Engagement in 2-MEA-Induced Fab-Arm Exchange in Combination with IgG1-K409R
  • Examples 34 and 35 show that certain single mutations at position F405 and Y407 are sufficient to enable human IgG1 to engage in Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R. As illustrated in this example further determinants implicated in the Fc:Fc interface positions in the CH3 domain may also mediate the Fab-arm exchange mechanism. To this effect mutagenesis of the IgG1 368 position was performed and the mutants were tested for engagement in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange in combination with human IgG1-K409R. All possible IgG1-2F8-L368X mutants (with the exception of C and P) were combined with IgG1-7D8-K409R. The procedure was performed with purified antibodies.
  • FIG. 29 shows the results of bispecific binding upon 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-L368X×IgG1-7D8-K409R. These data were also scored as (−) no Fab-arm exchange, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange, as presented in Table 20. No Fab-arm exchange (−) was found when the 368 position in IgG1-2F8 was L (=wild type IgG1), F or M. Fab-arm exchange was found to be low (+/−) when the 368 position in IgG1-2F8 was Y. Fab-arm exchange was found to be intermediate (+) when the 368 position in IgG1-2F8 was K and high (++) when the 368 position in IgG1-2F8 was A, D, E, G, H, I, N, Q, R, S, T, V, or W. These data indicate that particular mutations at the IgG1 368 position allow IgG1 to engage in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R.
  • TABLE 19
    2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-L368X
    mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R. The generation of bispecific
    antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange
    between IgG1-2F8-L368X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R
    was determined by a sandwich ELISA.
    Fab-arm exchange
    Fab-arm exchange
    IgG1-2F8-L368X x IgG1-7D8-K409R
    A ++
    D ++
    E ++
    F −
    G ++
    H ++
    I ++
    K +
    L −
    M −
    N ++
    Q ++
    R ++
    S ++
    T ++
    V ++
    W ++
    (−) no, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange.
    • Example 37 Determinants at the IgG1 370 Position for Engagement in 2-MEA-Induced Fab-Arm Exchange in Combination with IgG1-K409R
  • The previous Examples show that certain single mutations at positions F405, Y407 or L368 are sufficient to enable human IgG1 to engage in Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R. As illustrated in this example further determinants implicated in the Fc:Fc interface positions in the CH3 domain may also mediate the Fab-arm exchange mechanism. To this effect mutagenesis of the IgG1 370 position was performed and the mutants were tested for engagement in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange in combination with human IgG1-K409R. All possible IgG1-2F8-K370X mutants (with the exception of C and P) were combined with IgG1-7D8-K409R. The procedure was performed with purified antibodies.
  • FIG. 30 shows the results of bispecific binding upon 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-K370X×IgG1-7D8-K409R. These data were also scored as (−) no Fab-arm exchange, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange, as presented in Table 21. No Fab-arm exchange (−) was found when the 370 position in IgG1-2F8 was K (=wild type IgG1), A, D, E, F, G, H, I, L, M, N, Q, R, S, T, V or Y. Only substitution of K370 with W resulted in intermediate Fab-arm exchange (+). These data indicate that only one mutation at the IgG1 370 position (K370W) allows IgG1 to engage in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R.
  • TABLE 20
    2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-K370X
    mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R. The generation of bispecific
    antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange
    between IgG1-2F8-K370X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R
    was determined by a sandwich ELISA.
    Fab-arm exchange
    IgG1-2F8-K370X x IgG1-7D8-K409R
    A −
    D −
    E −
    F −
    G −
    H −
    I −
    K −
    L −
    M −
    N −
    Q −
    R −
    S −
    T −
    V −
    W +
    Y −
    (−) no, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange.
    • Example 38 Determinants at the IgG1 399 Position for Engagement in 2-MEA-Induced Fab-Arm Exchange in Combination with IgG1-K409R
  • The preceding Examples show that certain single mutations at positions F405, Y407, L368 or K370 are sufficient to enable human IgG1 to engage in Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R. As illustrated in this example further determinants implicated in the Fc:Fc interface positions in the CH3 domain may also mediate the Fab-arm exchange mechanism. To this effect mutagenesis of the IgG1 399 position was performed and the mutants were tested for engagement in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange in combination with human IgG1-K409R. All possible IgG1-2F8-D399X mutants (with the exception of C and P) were combined with IgG1-7D8-K409R. The procedure was performed with purified antibodies as described in Example 33.
  • FIG. 31 shows the results of bispecific binding upon 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-D399X×IgG1-7D8-K409R. These data were also scored as (−) no, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange, as presented in Table 10. No Fab-arm exchange (−) was found when the 399 position in IgG1-2F8 was D (=wild type IgG1), E and Q. Fab-arm exchange was found to be low (+/−) when the 399 position in IgG1-2F8 was V, intermediate (+) when the 399 position in IgG1-2F8 was G, I, L, M, N, S, T or W. Fab-arm exchange was found to be high (++) when the 399 position in IgG1-2F8 was A, F, H, K, R or Y. These data indicate that particular mutations at the IgG1 399 position allow IgG1 to engage in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R.
  • TABLE 21
    2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-D399X
    mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R. The generation of bispecific
    antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange
    between IgG1-2F8-D399X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R
    was determined by a sandwich ELISA.
    Fab-arm exchange
    IgG1-2F8-D399X x IgG1-7D8-K409R
    A ++
    D −
    E −
    F ++
    G +
    H ++
    I +
    K ++
    L +
    M +
    N +
    Q −
    R ++
    S +
    T +
    V +/−
    W +
    Y ++
    (−) no, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange.
    • Example 39 Determinants at the IgG1 366 Position for Engagement in 2-MEA-Induced Fab-Arm Exchange in Combination with IgG1-K409R
  • Examples 32 to 38 show that certain single mutations at positions F405, Y407, L368, K370 or D399 are sufficient to enable human IgG1 to engage in Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R. As illustrated in this example further determinants implicated in the Fc:Fc interface positions in the CH3 domain may also mediate the Fab-arm exchange mechanism. To this effect mutagenesis of the IgG1 366 position was performed and the mutants were tested for engagement in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm-exchange in combination with human IgG1-K409R. All possible IgG1-2F8-T366X mutants (with the exception of C and P) were combined with IgG1-7D8-K409R. The procedure was performed with purified antibodies as described in Example 33.
  • FIG. 32 shows the results of bispecific binding upon 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-T366X×IgG1-7D8-K409R. These data were also scored as (−) no, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange, as presented in Table X. No Fab-arm exchange (−) was found when the 366 position in IgG1-2F8 was T (=wild type IgG1), K, R, S or W. Fab-arm exchange was found to be low (+/−) when the 366 position in IgG1-2F8 was F, G, I, L, M or Y, intermediate (+) when the 366 position in IgG1-2F8 was A, D, E, H, N, V or Q. These data indicate that particular mutations at the IgG1 366 position allow IgG1 to engage in 2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange when combined with IgG1-K409R.
  • TABLE 22
    2-MEA-induced Fab-arm exchange between IgG1-2F8-T366X
    mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R The generation of bispecific
    antibodies after 2-MEA-induced in vitro Fab-arm exchange
    between IgG1-2F8-T366X mutants and IgG1-7D8-K409R
    was determined by a sandwich ELISA.
    Fab-arm exchange
    IgG1-2F8-T366X x IgG1-7D8-K409R
    A +
    D +
    E +
    F +/−
    G +/−
    H +
    I +/−
    K −
    L +/−
    M +/−
    N +
    Q +
    R −
    S −
    T −
    V +
    W −
    Y +/−
    (−) no, (+/−) low, (+) intermediate or (++) high Fab-arm exchange.
    • Example 40 In Vivo Proof of Concept: Dose Titration
  • To further test the growth inhibitory effect of the bispecific HER2×CD3 antibody, different antibody doses were tested using the subcutaneous NCI-N87 xenograft model in NOD-SCID mice with subcutaneous (s.c.) co-injection of unstimulated human PBMCs (7 mice per group) as described in Example 31. This time, a single dose of antibody was administered intravenously (i.v.) 1 hour after tumor inoculation. Treatment groups are shown in Table 23.
  • Control groups showed a donor-specific tumor growth inhibition (alloreaction) in the absence of therapeutic antibody with PBMCs from one of the two donors (data not shown). Therefore, data received with PBMCs from that particular donor were excluded from analysis.
  • TABLE 23
    Treatment groups and dosing
    Group Antibody Dose
    1 DuoBody HER2 169 x 0.01 μg (=0.0005 mg/kg)
    CLB-T3/4-N297Q
    2 DuoBody HER2 169 x 0.1 μg (=0.005 mg/kg)
    CLB-T3/4-N297Q
    3 DuoBody HER2 169 x  1 μg (=0.05 mg/kg)
    CLB-T3/4-N297Q
    4 DuoBody HER2 169 x 10 μg (=0.5 mg/kg) 
    CLB-T3/4-N297Q
    5 DuoBody b12 x 10 μg (=0.5 mg/kg) 
    CLB-T3/4-N297Q
    6 PBS
  • FIG. 33A shows that tumor growth was inhibited by 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg HER2×CD3 N297Q.
  • FIG. 33B shows a Kaplan-Meier plot displaying the percentage of mice with tumors <500 mm3. Tumor formation is delayed in mice treated with 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg HER2×CD3-N297Q bispecific antibody compared to control mice treated with PBS or b12×CD3 control antibody.

Claims (60)

1. A bispecific antibody comprising a first antigen-binding region and a second antigen-binding region, which second antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human CD3 and the first antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and blocks the binding to HER2, optionally soluble HER2, of a reference antibody selected from the group consisting of:
a) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67,
b) an antibody comprising a variable heavy (VH) region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a variable light (VL) region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5,
c) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:165 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:169, and
d) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
2. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the first antigen-binding region blocks the binding to soluble HER2 of an antibody of (a).
3. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the first antigen-binding region blocks the binding to soluble HER2 of an antibody of (b), (c), or (d).
4-5. (canceled)
6. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the first antigen-binding region comprises VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences selected from the group consisting of
a) SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4, respectively;
b) SEQ ID NOS: 9, 10 and 11, respectively;
c) SEQ ID NOs:16, 17 and 18, respectively;
d) SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24 and 25, respectively;
e) SEQ ID NOs:30, 163, and 31, respectively;
f) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37 and 38, respectively:
g) SEQ ID NOs: 43, 44 and 45, respectively;
h) SEQ ID NOs:50, 51 and 52, respectively;
i) SEQ ID NOs: 57, 58 and 59, respectively;
j) SEQ ID NOs:64, 65 and 66, respectively;
k) SEQ ID NOs: 71, 72 and 73, respectively;
l) SEQ ID NOs: 166, 167 and 168, respectively;
m) SEQ OD NOs: 173, 174, and 175, respectively;
n) SEQ ID NOs: 180, 181, and 182, respectively;
o) SEQ ID NOs:187, 188, and 189, respectively;
p) SEQ ID NOs:194, 195, and 196, respectively; and
q) SEQ ID NOs:201, 202, and 203, respectively.
7. A bispecific antibody comprising a first antigen-binding region and a second antigen-binding region, which second antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human CD3 and the first antigen-binding region binds an epitope on HER2, wherein the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region and a VL region selected from the group consisting of
a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:2, 3 and 4, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:6, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively;
b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:9, 10 and 11, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:13, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:14, respectively;
c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:16, 17 and 18, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:20, VAS, and SEQ ID NO:21, respectively;
d) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:23, 24 and 25, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:27, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:28, respectively;
e) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:30, 163 and 31, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:33, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:34, respectively;
f) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:36, 37 and 38, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:40, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:41, respectively;
g) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:43, 44 and 45, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:47, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:48, respectively;
h) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:50, 51 and 52, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:54, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:55, respectively;
i) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:57, 58 and 59, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:60, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:61, respectively;
j) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:64, 65 and 66, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:68, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:69, respectively;
k) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:71, 72 and 73, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:75, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:76, respectively;
l) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:166, 167 and 168, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO: 170, GAS and SEQ ID NO:171, respectively;
m) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 173, 174 and 175, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:177, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:178, respectively;
n) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:180, 181 and 182, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:184, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:185, respectively;
o) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:187, 188 and 189, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 191, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:192, respectively;
p) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:194, 195 and 196, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:198, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:199, respectively;
q) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:201, 202 and 203, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:205, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:206, respectively.
8. The bispecific antibody of claim 5, wherein the first antigen-binding region comprises a VH region and a VL region selected from the group consisting of
a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:2, 3 and 4, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:6, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively;
b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:23, 24 and 25, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:27, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:28, respectively;
c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:64, 65 and 66, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:68, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:69, respectively, and
d) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:166, 167 and 168, respectively; and a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 170, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:171, respectively.
9. A bispecific antibody of claim 1 comprising a first antigen-binding region and a second antigen-binding region, which second antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human CD3 and the first antigen-binding region binds HER2 and comprises
a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and, optionally a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:6, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively;
b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:64, 65 and 66, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:68, DAS, and SEQ ID NO:69, respectively;
c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:166, 167 and 168, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:170, GAS, and SEQ ID NO:171, respectively; or
d) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:23, 24 and 25, respectively; and, optionally, a VL region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:27, AAS, and SEQ ID NO:28, respectively.
10-12. (canceled)
13. A bispecific antibody of claim 1 comprising a first antigen-binding region and a second antigen-binding region, which second antigen-binding region binds an epitope on human CD3 and the first antigen-binding region binds HER2 and comprises:
a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and, optionally a VL region comprising SEQ ID NOs:5;
b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and, optionally a VL region comprising SEQ ID NOs:67;
c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:165, and, optionally, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:169; or
d) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:22, and, optionally, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
14-16. (canceled)
17. A bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the second antigen-binding region blocks the binding to CD3 of a reference antibody selected from the group consisting of
a) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:240 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:241;
b) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:234 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:235;
c) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:238 and VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:239; and
d) an antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:236 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:237.
18. A bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the second antigen-binding region blocks the binding to CD3 of a reference antibody comprising a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:240 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:241.
19. A bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the second antigen-binding region comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of:
a) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:242, 243 and 244, respectively;
b) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:234;
c) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:238; and
d) a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:236.
20. A bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the second antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NO:242, 243 and 244, respectively.
21. A bispecific antibody of claim 1 comprising a second antigen-binding region comprising the VH CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:244 and a second antigen-binding region comprising the VH CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
22. The bispecific antibody of claim 21, wherein the second antigen-binding region comprises the VL CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:246 and the second antigen-binding region comprises the VL CDR3 sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.
23. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the second antigen-binding region comprises the VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences of SEQ ID NOs:242, 243 and 244, respectively; and, optionally, the VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences of 245, DTS and 246, respectively.
24. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the second antigen-binding region comprises a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 240 and, optionally, a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:241.
25. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein said bispecific antibody further comprises a first Fc region and a second Fc region.
26. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, comprising a first Fab-arm comprising the first antigen-binding region and a first Fc-region, and a second Fab-arm comprising the second antigen-binding region and a second Fc-region.
27. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, comprising a first Fab-arm comprising the second antigen-binding region and a first Fc-region, and a second Fab-arm comprising the first antigen-binding region and a second Fc-region.
28. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein the isotypes of the first and second Fc-regions are independently selected from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.
29. The bispecific antibody of claim 28, wherein the isotypes of the first and second Fc-regions are independently selected from IgG1 and IgG4.
30. The bispecific antibody of claim 29, wherein one of the first and second Fc-regions is of an IgG1 isotype and one is of an IgG4 isotype; or wherein the isotypes of the first and second Fc regions are IgG1.
31. (canceled)
32. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, which is effector-function deficient.
33. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of 409, 366, 368, 370, 399, 405 and 407, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of 405, 366, 368, 370, 399, 407, and 409, and wherein said first Fc-region and said second Fc-region are not substituted in the same positions.
34. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein
a) the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of 405, 366, 368, 370, 399 and 407;
b) the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Phe at position 405;
c) the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405;
d) the first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Phe at position 405 and a Lys at position 409;
e) the first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405 and a Lys at position 409;
f) the first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409;
g) the first Fc-region comprises a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and said second Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Phe, Arg or Gly at position 405 and a Lys at position 409;
h) the first Fc-region comprises Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and the second Fc-region comprises a Leu at position 405 and a Lys at position 409;
i) the first Fc-region comprises an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405;
j) the first Fc-region comprises an Arg at position 409 and the second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405;
k) the first Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 370, a Phe at position 405 and an Arg at position 409 and the second Fc-region comprises a Lys at position 409, a Thr at position 370 and a Leu at position 405;
l) the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407;
m) the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Tip at position 407;
n) the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407;
o) the first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407 and a Lys at position 409;
p) the first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409;
q) the first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409 and the second Fc-region has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Tip at position 407 and a Lys at position 409;
r) the first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and the second Fc-region has an amino acid other than Tyr, Asp, Glu, Phe, Lys, Gln, Arg, Ser or Thr at position 407 and a Lys at position 409;
s) the first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and the second Fc-region has an Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Val or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409; or
t) the first Fc-region has a Tyr at position 407 and an Arg at position 409 and the second Fc-region has a Gly, Leu, Met, Asn or Trp at position 407 and a Lys at position 409.
35-53. (canceled)
54. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein the first Fc-region has an amino acid other than Lys, Leu or Met at position 409, and the second Fc-region has
(i) an amino acid other than Phe, Leu and Met at position 368,
(ii) a Trp at position 370, or
(iii) an amino acid other than Asp, Cys, Pro, Glu or Gln at position 399, or
(iv) an amino acid other than Lys, Arg, Ser, Thr, or Trp at position 366.
55. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein the first Fc-region has an Arg, Ala, His or Gly at position 409, and the second homodimeric protein has
(i) a Lys, Gln, Ala, Asp, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Asn, Arg, Ser, Thr, Val, or Trp at position 368, or
(ii) a Trp at position 370,
(iii) an Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Asn, Ser, Thr, Trp, Phe, His, Lys, Arg or Tyr at position 399, or
(iv) an Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, Gln, Phe, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, or Tyr at position 366.
56. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein the first Fc-region has an Arg at position 409, and the second Fc-region has
(i) an Asp, Glu, Gly, Asn, Arg, Ser, Thr, Val, or Trp at position 368, or
(ii) a Trp at position 370, or
(iii) a Phe, His, Lys, Arg or Tyr at position 399, or
(iv) an Ala, Asp, Glu, His, Asn, Val, Gln at position 366.
57. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein said first and second CH3 regions, except for the specified mutations, comprise the sequence of SEQ ID NO:256.
58. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein neither said first nor said second Fc-region comprises a Cys-Pro-Ser-Cys sequence in the hinge region.
59. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein both of said first and said second Fc-region comprise a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys sequence in the hinge region.
60. (canceled)
61. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein said first and second Fc region, except for the specified mutations, comprise a sequence independently selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, and 255.
62. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the first and second antigen-binding regions comprise human antibody VH sequences and, optionally, human antibody VL sequences.
63. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the first and second antigen-binding regions are from heavy-chain antibodies.
64. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the first and second antigen-binding regions comprise a first and second light chain.
65. The bispecific antibody of claim 64, wherein said first and second light chains are different.
66. The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein the first and/or the second Fc-region comprises a mutation removing the acceptor site for Asn-linked glycosylation.
67. The bispecific antibody of claim 1, which is conjugated to one or more other moieties, or contains one or more acceptor group for the same.
68. The bispecific antibody of claim 67, which is conjugated to a cytokine selected from the group consisting of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-18, IL-23, IL-24, IL-27, IL-28a, IL-28b, IL-29, KGF, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, GM-CSF, CD40L, Flt3 ligand, stem cell factor, ancestim, and TNFα.
69. An in vitro method for generating a bispecific antibody, said method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a first antibody binding to an epitope on HER2 and comprising a first Fc region, said Fc region comprising a first CH3 region,
b) providing a second antibody binding to an epitope on human CD3 and comprising a second Fc region, said Fc region comprising a second CH3 region,
c) incubating said first antibody together with said second antibody under reducing conditions, and
d) obtaining said bispecific antibody,
wherein the sequences of said first and second CH3 regions are different and are such that the heterodimeric interaction between said first and second CH3 regions is stronger than each of the homodimeric interactions of said first and second CH3 regions.
70. The method of claim 69, wherein the first antibody blocks the binding to soluble human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) of an antibody comprising:
a) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5,
b) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:63 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:67,
c) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:165 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:169, and
d) a VH region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL region comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
71. The method of claim 69, wherein the first Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of 409, 366, 368, 370, 399, 405 and 407, and said second Fc-region has an amino acid substitution at a position selected from the group consisting of 405, 366, 368, 370, 399, 407, and 409, and wherein said first Fc-region and said second Fc-region are not substituted in the same positions.
72. A bispecific antibody obtainable by the method of claim 69.
73. A recombinant eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell which produces a bispecific antibody as defined in claim 1.
74. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a bispecific antibody as defined in claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
75. (canceled)
76. A method of treating cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the bispecific antibody of claim 1.
77. The method of claim 76, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, testis cancer, malignant melanoma and soft-tissue cancer.
78. The method of claim 76, further comprising administering one or more additional therapeutic agents.
79. (canceled)
80. A method for inhibiting growth and/or proliferation of one or more tumor cells expressing HER2, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof the bispecific antibody according to claim 1.
81. A method for treating cancer, comprising
a) selecting a subject suffering from a cancer comprising tumor cells co-expressing HER2, and
b) administering to the subject the bispecific antibody according to claim 1.
82. The method of claim 81, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial/cervical cancer, lung cancer, malignant melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, testis cancer, a soft-tissue tumor such as synovial sarcoma, and bladder cancer.
83. A method for producing a bispecific antibody of claim 68, said method comprising the steps of
a) culturing a host cell of claim 73, and
b) purifying the bispecific antibody from the culture media.
US14/112,859 2011-04-20 2012-04-20 Bispecific antibodies against her2 and cd3 Abandoned US20140170149A1 (en)

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JP2014514314A (en) 2014-06-19
JP2017197516A (en) 2017-11-02
CN103796677B (en) 2019-08-16
WO2012143524A3 (en) 2013-01-03
AU2019222926A1 (en) 2019-09-19
CA2832389A1 (en) 2012-10-26
IL228802A0 (en) 2013-12-31
US11578141B2 (en) 2023-02-14
AU2017204346A1 (en) 2017-07-13
AU2012245116A1 (en) 2013-11-07
CN103796677A (en) 2014-05-14
US20170369594A1 (en) 2017-12-28
WO2012143524A2 (en) 2012-10-26
US20200270366A1 (en) 2020-08-27

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