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US20130186131A1 - Air-Conditioning Loop Comprising A Devise For Receiving A Refrigerant - Google Patents

Air-Conditioning Loop Comprising A Devise For Receiving A Refrigerant Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130186131A1
US20130186131A1 US13/814,100 US201113814100A US2013186131A1 US 20130186131 A1 US20130186131 A1 US 20130186131A1 US 201113814100 A US201113814100 A US 201113814100A US 2013186131 A1 US2013186131 A1 US 2013186131A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
air
conditioning loop
heat exchanger
outlet
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US13/814,100
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English (en)
Inventor
Imed Guitar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Assigned to VALEO SYSTEMES THERMIQUES reassignment VALEO SYSTEMES THERMIQUES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GUITARI, IMED
Publication of US20130186131A1 publication Critical patent/US20130186131A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F25B41/003—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
    • B60H1/00342—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices of the liquid-liquid type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/006—Accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00957—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising locations with heat exchange within the refrigerant circuit itself, e.g. cross-, counter-, or parallel heat exchange
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0403—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0409—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube

Definitions

  • the technical field of the present invention is that of reversible air-conditioning loops, otherwise called refrigeration loops or circuits.
  • the invention is directed to such a loop intended to function at least in a so-called ‘heating’ mode and in a so-called ‘cooling’ mode.
  • An air-conditioning loop is classically used on automobile vehicles to generate an interior air flow at a required temperature and directed into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the air-conditioning loop classically comprises an exterior heat exchanger, one or several expansion members, an evaporator, an accumulator and a compressor, through which a refrigerant travels in this order.
  • the exterior heat exchanger is an exchanger through which passes an exterior air flow while the evaporator is an exchanger through which passes the interior air flow, i.e. the air flow intended to be distributed inside the passenger compartment of the automobile vehicle.
  • the refrigerant circulating between an outlet of the compressor and an inlet of the expansion member is at a high pressure and a high temperature whereas the refrigerant circulating between the outlet of the expansion member and the inlet of the compressor is at a low pressure and a low temperature.
  • a supplementary exchanger and switching means enabling the circulation of the refrigerant in accordance with diverse circulation directions are integrated into the air-conditioning loop, the supplementary exchanger being placed in a heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning installation enabling adjustment of the temperature of the interior air flow.
  • the air-conditioning loop is then adapted to function in a so-called ‘heating’ mode, a so-called ‘cooling’ mode or a combined mode for drying the interior air flow.
  • the accumulator is classically installed on the upstream side of the compressor in the direction of circulation of the refrigerant in the air-conditioning loop. Such an accumulator placed on the upstream side of the compressor does not allow heating of the refrigerant before its entry into the compressor.
  • heating may be necessary to enhance the performance of the air-conditioning loop and to reduce its impact on fuel consumption.
  • known air-conditioning loops do not allow the installation of an internal heat exchanger because its integration significantly degrades the efficiency of the air-conditioning loop when the latter is used in the so-called ‘heating’ mode.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to resolve the drawbacks described above mainly by modifying the architecture of the air-conditioning loop and the structure of the accumulator so that it is equally able to function as a storage cylinder.
  • the modified accumulator thus becomes a device for receiving the refrigerant adapted to function in the so-called ‘heating’ mode or in the so-called ‘cooling’ mode and allowing heating of the refrigerant, for example in the case of high thermal loads.
  • the device for receiving the refrigerant is placed in the high-pressure part of the air-conditioning loop in some modes and more particularly between the exterior heat exchanger and the expansion member.
  • the invention consists in an air-conditioning loop comprising a refrigerant circuit including at least a compressor, an exterior heat exchanger, an interior heat exchanger or a refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger, a device for receiving the refrigerant, an expansion member and an evaporator.
  • the receiving device more particularly comprises an inlet coupled to the exterior heat exchanger, a first outlet coupled to the expansion member and a second outlet coupled to a device for bypassing the evaporator.
  • the refrigerant circulates successively in the compressor, the interior heat exchanger or the refrigerant/heat-exchange fluid exchanger, an expansion device, the exterior heat exchanger functioning as an evaporator, the inlet of the receiving device, the second outlet of the receiving device and the bypass device, before returning into the compressor.
  • the bypass device advantageously comprises a circulation duct coupled to an inlet of the compressor.
  • a stop member commands the circulation of refrigerant in the bypass device, in particular in the circulation duct coupled to the inlet of the compressor.
  • the air-conditioning loop comprises means for bypassing the interior heat exchanger or a refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger.
  • the air-conditioning loop is configured in accordance with a second mode, the so-called ‘cooling’ mode, in which the refrigerant circulates successively in the compressor, the bypass means, the exterior heat exchanger functioning as a condenser, the inlet of the receiving device, the first outlet of the receiving device, the expansion member and the evaporator, before returning into the compressor.
  • a second mode the so-called ‘cooling’ mode, in which the refrigerant circulates successively in the compressor, the bypass means, the exterior heat exchanger functioning as a condenser, the inlet of the receiving device, the first outlet of the receiving device, the expansion member and the evaporator, before returning into the compressor.
  • a stop member advantageously commands the circulation of refrigerant in the means for bypassing the interior heat exchanger or the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger.
  • a first outlet of the expansion member is coupled to an inlet of the evaporator and an outlet of the evaporator is coupled to a second inlet of the expansion member.
  • the air-conditioning loop includes an internal heat exchanger comprising a high-pressure part exchanging heat with a low-pressure part, the high-pressure part being installed between the first outlet of the receiving device and the expansion member and the low-pressure part being installed between the evaporator and the compressor.
  • the expansion member is preferably of the thermostatic or thermostatically controlled type.
  • the air-conditioning loop includes a heat-transfer fluid secondary circuit interacting with the refrigerant circuit via a refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger.
  • the secondary circuit comprises a forced-air heater, allowing heating of the interior air flow, and means for circulating the heat-exchange fluid, such as a pump.
  • the receiving device comprises a wall delimiting an internal volume defining a refrigerant separation space and a refrigerant storage space, the inlet and the second outlet of the receiving device opening into the separation space and the first outlet of the receiving device opening into the storage space.
  • the receiving device notably includes an extraction tube comprising a first part coupled to the second outlet of the receiving device, a second part comprising an end opening into the separation space and, in the storage space, a connecting portion, produced in particular in the form of an elbow, connecting the first part and the second part of the extraction tube.
  • a first advantage of the invention lies in the possibility of obtaining heating on the upstream side of the compressor, which makes it possible to maintain a high level of performance when the thermal load on the air-conditioning loop is high.
  • Another advantage lies in the possibility of integrating an internal heat exchanger without the latter having a negative impact on the performance of the air-conditioning loop when the latter functions in the so-called ‘heating’ mode.
  • the present invention makes it possible to provide a device for receiving the refrigerant situated at the outlet of the exterior heat exchanger and functioning as:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an air-conditioning loop in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant receiving device equipping the air-conditioning loop in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the air-conditioning loop in the so-called ‘cooling’ mode
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the air-conditioning loop in the so-called ‘cooling’ mode in accordance with a first variant of the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the air-conditioning loop functioning in the so-called ‘heating’ mode
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the air-conditioning loop in accordance with a second variant of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an air-conditioning loop 1 in accordance with the invention and shows one nonlimiting embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows the positions of the components of the air-conditioning loop 1 relative to each other without prejudice as to the mode in which the air-conditioning loop is used.
  • a refrigerant circulates in a closed circuit in the air-conditioning loop 1 .
  • the refrigerant is circulated by a compressor 2 that receives the refrigerant at an aspiration temperature and at an aspiration pressure via an inlet 3 , compresses it and then evacuates it via an outlet 4 at a discharge temperature and a discharge pressure higher than the aspiration temperature and the aspiration pressure.
  • the compressor 2 can be of the fixed or variable cubic capacity type and can be controlled internally, via a control valve or externally.
  • the compressor 2 can equally be of the electric type.
  • the outlet 4 of the compressor 2 is coupled to a circulation duct conveying the refrigerant either to an interior heat exchanger 5 or to means 6 for bypassing the interior heat exchanger 5 .
  • the air-conditioning loop 1 does not include any means 6 for bypassing the interior heat exchanger 5 .
  • the present invention is equally appropriate to this type of arrangement.
  • the refrigerant enters the interior heat exchanger 5 via an inlet 7 and leaves it via an outlet 8 after exchanging heat with a surrounding medium.
  • the surrounding medium is an interior air flow 31 that circulates inside a heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning installation 9 of an automobile vehicle.
  • the interior heat exchanger 5 is adapted to allow exchange with the interior air flow 31 intended to be distributed inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle after it has passed through the heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning installation 9 . It is therefore an air/refrigerant exchanger intended for heat treatment, in particular heating, of the interior air flow 31 intended to be distributed inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the interior heat exchanger 5 is adapted to behave like a condenser that gives up to the interior air flow 31 heat resulting from the condensation of the refrigerant.
  • the outlet 8 of the interior heat exchanger 5 is coupled to a circulation duct that conveys the refrigerant to a first expansion device 10 , more particularly to an inlet of the first expansion device 10 .
  • the first expansion device 10 also comprises an outlet in fluid communication with a circulation duct that conveys the refrigerant to an exterior heat exchanger 11 .
  • the exterior heat exchanger 11 is adapted to exchange heat with an exterior air flow 13 situated outside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the exterior air flow 13 is preferably not intended to be distributed inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the exterior heat exchanger 11 is disposed at the front of a vehicle, for example.
  • the means 6 for bypassing the interior heat exchanger 5 comprise a circulation duct 44 having a refrigerant inlet 44 a arranged between the outlet 4 of the compressor 2 and the inlet 7 of the interior heat exchanger 5 and a refrigerant outlet 44 b arranged between the outlet 8 of the interior heat exchanger 5 and an inlet 12 of the exterior heat exchanger 11 .
  • the refrigerant outlet 44 b is advantageously arranged between the outlet of the first expansion device 10 and the inlet 12 of the exterior heat exchanger 11 .
  • the circulation of refrigerant inside the bypass means is made dependent on a first stop member 15 .
  • the first stop member 15 takes the form of a control valve for opening or closing the circulation duct 44 , allowing or preventing the circulation of the refrigerant in the circulation duct 44 .
  • control valve is of the ‘binary’ type in that only two positions are allowed: fully open or fully closed.
  • first stop member 15 may equally consist in a control valve that opens and closes progressively.
  • the bypass means 6 is produced by a ‘three-way’ valve arranged at the refrigerant inlet 44 a or at the refrigerant outlet 44 b of the circulation duct 44 .
  • the ‘three-way’ valve allows circulation of the refrigerant from the outlet 4 of the compressor 2 either to the inlet 7 of the interior heat exchanger 5 or to the refrigerant outlet 44 b of the circulation duct 44 .
  • the first stop member 15 controls the circulation of the refrigerant in the circulation duct 44 .
  • the refrigerant naturally bypasses the interior heat exchanger 5 .
  • bypass means 6 is therefore installed in parallel with the interior heat exchanger 5 .
  • the exterior heat exchanger 11 also comprises an outlet orifice 14 through which the refrigerant is evacuated via a circulation duct to a device 16 for receiving the refrigerant.
  • the receiving device 16 stores, separates the liquid and gas phases of, filters and dries the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant penetrates to the interior of the receiving device 16 via an inlet 17 and is able to leave it via a first outlet 18 and/or a second outlet as a function of the operating mode of the air-conditioning loop 1 .
  • the first outlet 18 of the receiving device 16 enables refrigerant in the liquid state to exit to a first inlet 20 of an expansion member 21 via a circulation duct.
  • the expansion member 21 can be a second expansion device 21 that can be similar to the first expansion device 10 .
  • the expansion member 21 or the second expansion device 21 is advantageously a thermostatic expansion member.
  • the second expansion device 21 includes a first outlet 22 coupled to an inlet 23 of an evaporator 24 .
  • the refrigerant is expanded on passing through the second expansion device 21 between the first inlet 20 and the first outlet 22 .
  • the pressure of the refrigerant at the inlet 23 of the evaporator 24 is therefore lower than the pressure of the refrigerant on the upstream side of the first inlet 20 of the expansion member 21 in the direction of flow of the refrigerant.
  • the evaporator 24 is installed inside the heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning installation 9 so that the interior air flow 31 passes through it and it exchanges heat therewith.
  • the evaporator 24 cools the interior air flow 31 before it is distributed inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the temperature of the interior air flow 31 is adjusted before distribution inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle by mixing the interior air flow 31 that has passed through the evaporator 24 and/or the interior heat exchanger 5 .
  • the refrigerant circulates inside the evaporator 24 and leaves it via an outlet 25 before entering the second expansion device 21 via a second inlet 26 .
  • the second expansion device 21 finally comprises a second outlet coupled to the inlet 3 of the compressor 2 via a circulation duct.
  • the expansion member 21 or the second expansion device 21 is preferably a thermostatically controlled expansion member or thermostatic expander so that the degree of opening, and thus the expansion of the refrigerant in the second expansion device 21 , is controlled by the heating of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 24 .
  • the second expansion device 21 may be produced in the form of a tube orifice arranged between the first outlet 22 of the receiving device 16 and the inlet 23 of the evaporator 24 .
  • a device 28 for bypassing the evaporator 24 is arranged between the second outlet 19 of the receiving device 16 and the inlet 3 of the compressor 2 .
  • the bypass device 28 is installed in parallel with at least the evaporator 4 and the second expansion device 21 .
  • bypass device 28 is also installed in parallel with an internal heat exchanger.
  • the bypass device 28 is constituted of a circulation duct 29 through which the refrigerant circulates.
  • the circulation of refrigerant inside the bypass device 28 is dependent on a second stop member 30 .
  • the second stop member takes the form of a control valve for opening or closing the circulation duct 29 , allowing or preventing the circulation of the refrigerant in the circulation duct 29 .
  • control valve is of the ‘binary’ type in that it has only two positions: completely open or completely closed.
  • second stop member 30 may equally consist in a control valve that opens and closes progressively.
  • bypass means 30 is produced by a ‘three-way’ valve arranged between the receiving device 16 , the second expansion device 21 and the compressor 2 .
  • the second device 30 controls or commands the circulation of the refrigerant in the circulation duct 29 .
  • the head loss in the circuit part constituted by the second expansion device and the evaporator 24 being greater than the head loss in the bypass device 28 , the refrigerant naturally circulates via the circulation duct 29 rather than through the evaporator 24 .
  • the evaporator 24 is installed in the heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning installation 9 so that the interior air flow 31 passes through it.
  • the circulation of the interior air flow 31 through the interior heat exchanger 5 is commanded by a first flap constituting a control flap 62 , arranged on the upstream side of the heat exchanger in the direction of circulation of the interior air flow 31 , and a second flap constituting a mixing flap 63 , disposed on the downstream side of the interior heat exchanger 5 in the direction of circulation of the interior air flow 31 .
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the refrigerant receiving device 16 equipping the air-conditioning loop 1 according to the invention.
  • the receiving device 16 comprises a wall 32 delimiting an internal volume 33 .
  • the wall 32 preferably takes the general form of a hollow cylinder closed by a bottom 34 closing the lower part of the receiving device 16 and a cover 35 shutting off the upper part of the receiving device 16 .
  • the bottom 34 of the receiving device 16 advantageously has a concave shape so as to accommodate the refrigerant FR.
  • the internal volume 33 of the refrigerant receiving device 16 is for example between 150 cm 3 and 1500 cm 3 , in particular equal to 1000 cm 3 .
  • the inlet 17 of the receiving device 16 is produced through the cover 35 and is coupled to an admission tube 36 terminating inside the internal volume 33 at an admission opening 37 , in particular a lateral aperture 37 .
  • the first outlet 18 of the receiving device 16 is formed through the bottom 34 , in particular at the lowest point of the bottom 34 . In any event, the first outlet 18 must be placed at a location on the wall 32 where refrigerant in the liquid phase can be aspirated.
  • the elbow 40 comprises a capture hole 64 installed at the level of the point of inflection of the 180° arc formed by the elbow 40 .
  • the capture hole 64 enables oil capture in order to feed the air-conditioning loop 1 .
  • the capture hole 64 is furnished with a filtration member 65 .
  • the internal volume 33 of the receiving device 16 is divided into at least two spaces. Immediately adjacent the cover 35 there is a refrigerant separation space 43 a and immediately adjacent the bottom 34 there is a refrigerant storage space 43 b.
  • the refrigerant enters the receiving device 16 via the inlet 17 and circulates in the admission tube 36 .
  • the refrigerant then enters the internal volume 33 via the admission opening 37 in a two-phase state, namely a mixture of liquid and gas.
  • the refrigerant enters the receiving device 16 either at low pressure or at high pressure.
  • the liquid phase of the refrigerant descends by gravity along the wall 32 and accumulates in the storage space 43 b whereas the gas phase of the refrigerant remains in the upper part of the internal volume 33 .
  • the refrigerant leaves the receiving device 16 either in the liquid state via the first outlet 18 or in the gas state via the second outlet 19 .
  • the air-conditioning loop according to the invention is able to function in at least three modes: a so-called ‘heating’ mode in which the interior heat exchanger 5 heats the interior air flow 31 intended to be distributed inside the passenger compartment, a so-called ‘cooling’ mode in which the evaporator 24 cools the interior air flow 31 intended to be distributed inside the passenger compartment and a so-called ‘mixed’ or ‘drying’ mode in which the interior air flow is cooled and dried by the evaporator 24 before being heated by the interior heat exchanger 5 before being distributed inside the passenger compartment.
  • An additional, so-called ‘de-icing’ mode may also be envisaged for de-icing the exterior heat exchanger 11 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the so-called ‘cooling’ mode of operation of the air-conditioning loop 1 .
  • the refrigerant is circulated by the compressor 2 .
  • the first stop member 15 is in an open position allowing the circulation of the refrigerant through the circulation pipe 44 .
  • the circulation of the refrigerant through the interior heat exchanger 5 is prevented or low, even quasi-zero.
  • the refrigerant circulation duct arranged between the inlet 44 a of the bypass means 6 and the inlet 7 of the interior heat exchanger 5 and the refrigerant circulation duct arranged between the outlet 8 of the interior heat exchanger 5 and the outlet 44 b of the bypass means 6 are represented in dashed line to illustrate the absence of circulation or the low circulation of refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant passes through the exterior heat exchanger 11 to enter the receiving device 16 via the inlet 17 .
  • the second stop member 30 is in a closed position preventing circulation or allowing low circulation of the refrigerant in the bypass device 28 .
  • the absence of circulation or the low circulation of refrigerant in the bypass device 28 is shown in dashed line.
  • refrigerant in the liquid phase is captured by the first outlet 18 of the receiving device 16 and then circulates toward the second expansion device 21 .
  • the refrigerant passes through the evaporator 24 and cools the interior air flow 31 by exchange of heat.
  • the cycle terminates with the return of the refrigerant to the compressor 2 .
  • the so-called ‘cooling’ mode of operation utilizes the refrigerant in the liquid phase in the receiving device 16 . It is thus possible to have refrigerant in the pure liquid phase permanently at the inlet of the second expansion device 21 and to obtain efficient cooling tending to maximize the thermodynamic efficiency of the air-conditioning loop 1 in the case of high thermal loads.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the air-conditioning loop 1 in accordance with a first variant of the invention in the so-called ‘cooling’ mode. Refer to the description of FIGS. 1 and 3 for the identical elements.
  • the refrigerant circulating between the outlet 4 of the compressor 2 and the first inlet 20 of the second expansion device 21 is at a high pressure and a high temperature whereas the refrigerant circulating between the first outlet 22 of the second expansion device 21 and the inlet 3 of the compressor 2 is at a low pressure and a low temperature.
  • Such an air-conditioning loop can be improved by the addition of an internal heat exchanger 45 the function of which is to create a thermal exchange between the refrigerant at high pressure/high temperature and the refrigerant at low pressure/low temperature.
  • the internal heat exchanger 45 comprises a high-pressure part 46 exchanging heat with a low-pressure part 47 .
  • the internal heat exchanger 45 comprises a high-pressure inlet 48 coupled to the first outlet 18 of the receiving device 16 and a high-pressure outlet 49 coupled by a circulation duct to the first inlet 20 of the second expansion device 21 .
  • the high-pressure inlet 48 and the high-pressure outlet 49 of the internal heat exchanger 45 both communicate with the high-pressure part 46 of the internal heat exchanger 45 .
  • the internal heat exchanger 45 also comprises a low-pressure inlet 50 coupled to the second outlet 27 of the second expansion device 21 and a low-pressure outlet 51 coupled to the inlet 3 of the compressor 2 .
  • the low-pressure inlet 50 and the low-pressure outlet 51 both communicate with the low-pressure part 47 of the internal heat exchanger 45 .
  • the refrigerant flows through the internal heat exchanger 45 , which thus serves to increase the efficiency of the air-conditioning loop 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an air-conditioning loop 1 operating in the so-called ‘heating’ mode.
  • the internal heat exchanger 45 is represented as optional, because the air-conditioning loop 1 in accordance with the invention is able to function with no internal heat exchanger.
  • the refrigerant is circulated by the compressor 2 .
  • the first stop member 15 is in a closed position preventing circulation or allowing a low circulation of the refrigerant through the circulation duct 44 and allowing circulation of the refrigerant through the interior heat exchanger 5 .
  • the circulation duct 44 in represented in dashed line to illustrate low or no circulation of refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant thus circulates in the direction of the interior heat exchanger 5 .
  • An exchange of heat is then created between the interior air flow 31 and the refrigerant circulating in the interior heat exchanger 5 .
  • the refrigerant is then expanded by means of the first expansion device 10 , the pressure of the refrigerant on the downstream side of the first expansion device 10 in the direction of circulation of the refrigerant being lower than the pressure of the refrigerant on the upstream side of the first expansion device 10 .
  • the refrigerant passes through the exterior heat exchanger 11 to enter the receiving device 16 via the inlet 17 .
  • the second stop member 30 is in an open position allowing circulation of the refrigerant in the bypass device 28 .
  • the refrigerant in the gas phase is captured by the second outlet 19 of the receiving device 16 by means of the extraction tube 38 .
  • the refrigerant then circulates directly to the inlet 3 of the compressor 2 and thus bypasses the second expansion device 21 and the evaporator 24 .
  • the internal heat exchanger 45 is also bypassed thanks to allowing circulation of refrigerant in the bypass device 28 . It is thus seen that the internal heat exchanger 45 is inactive, which eliminates the negative impact that it has when a refrigerant flows through the latter in the so-called ‘heating’ mode.
  • a greater or lesser circulation of refrigerant through the second expansion device 21 and through the evaporator 24 can also be produced in order to provide an additional mode of operation, such as the so-called ‘mixed’ or ‘drying’ mode.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the air-conditioning loop 1 in accordance with a second variant of the invention.
  • the air-conditioning loop 1 is shown in the so-called ‘heating’ mode.
  • the air-conditioning loop 1 is shown in the so-called ‘heating’ mode.
  • the interior heat exchanger 5 is replaced by a refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 arranged in the air-conditioning loop 1 .
  • the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 is also arranged in a secondary circuit 52 in which a heat-transfer fluid circulates.
  • the secondary circuit 52 also includes a forced-air heater 54 mounted in the heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning installation 9 .
  • the air-conditioning loop 1 thus includes a refrigerant circuit and a heat-transfer fluid secondary circuit 52 interacting with each other via the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 .
  • the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 enables an exchange of heat between the refrigerant circuit and the secondary circuit 52 .
  • the secondary circuit 52 thus has a function of transferring heat exchanged with the refrigerant circuit in the interior heat exchanger 53 to the forced-air heater 54 .
  • the heat-transfer fluid is advantageously water to which glycol has been added, for example.
  • the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 has a first circuit 55 forming a refrigerant circuit that exchanges heat with a second circuit 56 forming a heat-transfer fluid circuit.
  • the second circuit 56 forming a heat-transfer fluid circuit communicates with the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 via an inlet 60 and an outlet 61 .
  • Circulation means 57 in particular a pump 57 , is placed in fluid communication with the second circuit forming a heat-transfer fluid circuit of the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 via a circulation duct.
  • the circulation means 57 circulate the heat-transfer fluid inside the secondary circuit 52 so as to transfer heat exchanged inside the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 to the forced-air heater 54 .
  • the forced-air heater 54 comprises an inlet 58 coupled to an outlet of the circulation means 57 .
  • the forced-air heater 54 comprises an outlet 59 coupled to the inlet 60 of the second circuit 56 forming a heat-transfer fluid circuit of the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 .
  • the refrigerant passing through the first circuit 55 forming a refrigerant circuit of the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 exchanges heat with the second circuit 56 forming a heat-transfer fluid circuit of the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 .
  • the circulation means 57 circulate the heat-transfer fluid to the forced-air heater 53 that enables an exchange of heat between the heat-transfer fluid and the interior air flow 31 passing through the heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning installation 9 .
  • the circulation means 57 is stopped in order to prevent any circulation of heat-transfer fluid in the forced-air heater 53 .
  • the second variant of the invention shown in FIG. 6 is a so-called ‘indirect’ configuration because the interior air flow 31 exchanges heat indirectly with the refrigerant circuit of the air-conditioning loop 1 via the heat-transfer fluid circulating in the secondary circuit 52 .
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5 are called ‘direct’ because the air-conditioning loop 1 exchanges heat directly with the interior air flow 31 via the interior heat exchanger 5 .
  • the second or so-called ‘indirect’ variant of the invention shown in FIG. 6 avoids the placement of a component at high pressure in the heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning installation 9 .
  • the so-called ‘heating’ mode in FIG. 6 the so-called ‘indirect’ configuration is equally compatible with the so-called ‘cooling’ mode as shown in FIG. 3 or 4 .
  • the air-conditioning loop 1 exploits the use of the same component, i.e. the receiving device 16 , that assumes the function of a storage cylinder when the air-conditioning loop functions in the so-called ‘cooling’ mode and assumes the separation and accumulation function of an accumulator when the air-conditioning loop functions in the so-called ‘heating’ mode.
  • bypass means 6 and the bypass device 28 arranged so as to enable circulation of the refrigerant in the evaporator 24 and the interior heat exchanger 5 or the refrigerant/heat-transfer fluid exchanger 53 in order to provide the ‘drying’ mode may be envisaged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
US13/814,100 2010-08-05 2011-07-22 Air-Conditioning Loop Comprising A Devise For Receiving A Refrigerant Abandoned US20130186131A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1003287A FR2963665B1 (fr) 2010-08-05 2010-08-05 Boucle de climatisation comprenant un dispositif de reception d'un fluide refrigerant
FRFR10/03287 2010-08-05
PCT/EP2011/062624 WO2012016855A1 (fr) 2010-08-05 2011-07-22 Boucle de climatisation comprenant un dispositif de réception d'un fluide réfrigérant
EPPCT/EP2011/062624 2011-07-22

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US20130186131A1 true US20130186131A1 (en) 2013-07-25

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US13/814,100 Abandoned US20130186131A1 (en) 2010-08-05 2011-07-22 Air-Conditioning Loop Comprising A Devise For Receiving A Refrigerant

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US (1) US20130186131A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2601458A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013535372A (fr)
FR (1) FR2963665B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012016855A1 (fr)

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US9551518B2 (en) 2013-04-24 2017-01-24 Tgk Co., Ltd. Automotive air conditioner and expansion valve
US20170267063A1 (en) * 2016-03-18 2017-09-21 Denso Corporation Accumulating/receiving device and heat pump system
CN109996691A (zh) * 2016-12-01 2019-07-09 康奈可关精株式会社 空调装置
US10391839B2 (en) * 2015-08-03 2019-08-27 Denso Corporation Refrigeration cycle device
US11235262B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2022-02-01 Marelli Cabin Comfort Japan Corporation Gas-liquid separator
US11267315B2 (en) 2017-10-02 2022-03-08 Marelli Cabin Comfort Japan Corporation Air-conditioning device
US11499759B2 (en) 2018-03-09 2022-11-15 Marelli Cabin Comfort Japan Corporation Air-conditioning device
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DE102012111455A1 (de) * 2012-11-27 2014-05-28 Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh Kältemittelkreislauf einer Fahrzeugklimaanlage sowie Verfahren zur Klimatisierung eines Fahrzeuginnenraums
FR3020129B1 (fr) * 2014-04-16 2019-03-22 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Circuit de fluide frigorigene
CN105650780B (zh) * 2014-11-12 2018-07-13 海马汽车有限公司 一种汽车电动热泵空调系统
JP6798442B2 (ja) * 2017-07-31 2020-12-09 株式会社デンソー 熱交換器、弁装置
JP6496434B1 (ja) * 2017-10-02 2019-04-03 カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 空調装置
JP7197404B2 (ja) * 2018-03-23 2022-12-27 ハイリマレリジャパン株式会社 気液分離器
WO2019181866A1 (fr) * 2018-03-23 2019-09-26 カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 Dispositif de séparation gaz-liquide
JP6606254B2 (ja) * 2018-10-31 2019-11-13 マレリ株式会社 気液分離器
JP6606253B2 (ja) * 2018-10-31 2019-11-13 マレリ株式会社 気液分離器
CN116639267B (zh) * 2023-04-28 2025-11-18 上海宇航系统工程研究所 一种月球探测载人航天器热管理系统及控制方法

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EP2601458A1 (fr) 2013-06-12
JP2013535372A (ja) 2013-09-12
FR2963665A1 (fr) 2012-02-10
WO2012016855A1 (fr) 2012-02-09
FR2963665B1 (fr) 2015-10-16

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