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US20130160906A1 - Method for producing a motor vehicle component and motor vehicle component - Google Patents

Method for producing a motor vehicle component and motor vehicle component Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130160906A1
US20130160906A1 US13/718,892 US201213718892A US2013160906A1 US 20130160906 A1 US20130160906 A1 US 20130160906A1 US 201213718892 A US201213718892 A US 201213718892A US 2013160906 A1 US2013160906 A1 US 2013160906A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
region
temperature
blank
mpa
motor vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/718,892
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English (en)
Inventor
Karsten Bake
Otto Buschsieweke
Bahman Sahebkar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to BENTELER AUTOMOBILTECHNIK GMBH reassignment BENTELER AUTOMOBILTECHNIK GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BAKE, KARSTEN, BUSCHSIEWEKE, OTTO, SAHEBKAR, BAHMAN
Publication of US20130160906A1 publication Critical patent/US20130160906A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a motor vehicle component and motor vehicle component.
  • Hot formed and press hardened components are used in particular as crash relevant components or as motor vehicle structural components.
  • a sheet metal blank is heated to above austenization temperature, inserted into a hot forming tool where it is hot formed, and subsequently press hardened.
  • a martensitic structure is generated which has high strength values but small breaking elongation values, for example smaller than 7%.
  • the hot formed and press hardened components do not only have advantages but due to their hard and partly brittle properties also certain disadvantages. In coupling regions or in the regions of recesses, a tearing or tearing off of the component can occur for example in an accident or crash of a motor vehicle.
  • a method for producing a motor vehicle component having two regions with different strength properties includes the steps of providing a blank made from hardenable steel sheet, heating the blank to at least 800 to 1100° C. transferring the heated blank into a furnace with two temperature zones, so that a first region of the blank is arranged in a first one of the two temperature zones and a second region of the blank is arranged in a second one of the two temperature zones, wherein the first zone has a first temperature essentially corresponding to an austenization temperature, and the second zone has a temperature between 300 and 600° C., cooling the second region of the blank to a second temperature between 300 and 450° C., holding the first region at the first temperature and the second region at the second temperature for a defined period of time, and hot forming and press hardening the blank into the motor vehicle component, thereby establishing a tensile strength between 900 and 1300 MPa and a breaking elongation A5 of more than 16% in the second region.
  • austenization temperature relates to the austenization temperature of the respectively used steel material.
  • the austenization temperature is at least 800° C.
  • the austenization temperature in a steel alloy used according to the invention is a heating temperature between 800 and 1100° C., preferably between 900 and 1000° C.
  • the heating can occur in a heat station, for example by conductive or inductive heating. Heating by heat radiation, convection or by infrared or other heating methods is also possible.
  • the furnace can be a continuous furnace or in the case of heating to austenization temperature and the subsequent furnace, a furnace system which is connected with a conveyor belt.
  • the heated blank is held at a temperature, wherein the furnace has two temperature zones, and wherein the temperature zones have different temperatures.
  • a first zone has a temperature which essentially corresponds to the austenization temperature or has a temperature which is at least above 700° C., preferably above 800° C. and in particular between 900 and 1000° C.
  • the blank can be heated to austenization temperature +/ ⁇ 100° C., thereby enabling to generate an austenization which is essentially 100% complete, however at the same time providing a partial austenization.
  • the blank austenizes only partially, whereas at temperatures above the austenization temperature the blank austenizes completely.
  • the second zone has a lower temperature compared to the first zone, preferably a temperature which is between 300 and 600° C.
  • the blank is held in the furnace with the two different temperatures for a holding time at the respective temperatures in the zones and at the temperatures which are established in the blank itself as a result thereof.
  • the second region is held in the second zone of the furnace at a temperature of the material of the blank, i.e., a temperature of the second region between 300 and 450° C. Prior to this, it is necessary however, to cool the second region to the temperature between 300 and 450° C. For the cooling for example air nozzles or similar devices can be used. An active cooling of the second region also occurs shortly before or during the transfer into the furnace, for holding the temperature or directly at the beginning of the holding of the temperatures in the furnace.
  • the first region is arranged in the first zone of the furnace and also held there for a certain period of time.
  • the blank which is held at two different temperatures is transferred into a hot forming tool, hot formed there and press hardened, so that a hot formed and press hardened motor vehicle component with two different strength regions is created.
  • the first region has a high strength
  • the second region has a ductility which is higher compared to the first region.
  • a transitional region is preferably formed, wherein, the transitional region is between 20 and 110 mm, preferably between 30 and 100 mm and in particular essentially 50 mm.
  • motor vehicle components for example motor vehicle columns, sills or roof pillars can be produced within the framework of the invention, which have a higher ductility and a higher strength, and are in particular connection regions.
  • motor vehicle components for example motor vehicle columns, sills or roof pillars
  • no premature crack formation occurs and the component therefore does not tear off, but rather the connection of the individual components is held for a long time so as to conduct crash energy in a targeted manner or to absorb crash energy by deformation.
  • armoring components with the method according to the invention which have then a high resistance against being fired at or against bombardment, also against projectile weapons or detonations.
  • crash relevant components for example cross beams or crash boxes with the method.
  • the two regions i.e., the regions with a higher ductility relative to the first regions are produced at the motor vehicle components which serve as deformation regions, passage openings, coupling points or other connecting regions.
  • the motor vehicle components which serve as deformation regions, passage openings, coupling points or other connecting regions.
  • a hardenable steel is used for performing the method according to the invention, which has an alloy in which the following alloy components are used:
  • the contaminations can be on one hand the smelting related contaminations during manufacture of the raw components or semi-finished products, these can however, also be contaminations which occur or are generated during hot forming and press hardening or during heat treatment.
  • a transformation of the structure to austenite first occurs by heating to above austenization temperature, i.e. a temperature above AC3 point of the alloy.
  • austenization temperature i.e. a temperature above AC3 point of the alloy.
  • an essentially austenitic structure is retained in the first region whereas in the second region a bainitic structure, in particular a bainitic structure in the lower bainitic region is established.
  • a high silicon content causes formation of silicon oxide at a surface, which prevents premature scaling. This measure enables decreasing a scaling or even omitting protective gas during the heating. This saves energy costs.
  • a hot forming with subsequent press hardening is performed.
  • the blank is cooled to a temperature which is preferably below 250° C., in particular below 200° C. and especially preferably below 150° C., and press hardened, so that a martensitic structure is established in the first region and a bainitic structure, in particular a bainitic structure in the lower bainitic region is established in the second region.
  • the steel Due to the special composition of the steel, in particular the relatively large amount of added silicon, not only martensite is generated during hardening. A portion of the austenite is also retained as residual austeninte, which remains stable up to temperatures of ⁇ 100° C.
  • the silicon in the steel further prevents carbide formation, due to which carbon is available for stabilization of the residual austenite.
  • the residual austenite provides the motor vehicle component, which is produced according to the method according to the invention, with a higher breaking elongation also in the regions of the first kind than is the case in classical boron alloyed, purely martensitic hot forming steels, for example 22 MnB5.
  • the second region after heating the second region to above austenitic temperature and shortly before or during transfer into the furnace for holding the two different temperatures, the second region is actively cooled, in particular with a cooling rate between 100 Kelvin per second and 10 Kelvin per second.
  • the second region is cooled so that the temperature of the blank in the second region is between 300 and 450° C.
  • the cooling rate between 100 Kelvin per second and 10 Kelvin per second is to be selected in dependence on the strength values to be established in the second region.
  • a high cooling rate which is in the range of between 80 and 90 Kelvin per second depending on the cooling temperature it is initially cooled below the martensite starting temperature, i.e., the temperature at which the austenite starts to transition into the martensitic state, and transition into the bainitic structure occurs during subsequent holding of the temperature in the furnace. This also allows establishing a bainitic martensitic mixed structure.
  • a bainitic structure is established in the second region, which is located in the lower bainitic region of a time temperature transformation diagram.
  • an essentially martensitic structure is established in the first region.
  • the blank is held in the furnace for a time between 5 and 400 seconds at the two different temperature ranges.
  • the holding time largely depends on the strength and ductility values to be established in the second region because due to the holding time, in particular in connection with the holding temperature of the second region, the establishment of the bainitic structure or a martensitic bainitic mixed structure is achieved.
  • the previously described method steps according to the invention and the use of the alloy according to the invention enable establishing a tensile strength between 1200 and 1700 MPa in the first region, preferably between 1300 and 1600 MPa and preferably between 1450 and 1550 MPa, at a breaking elongation A5 greater than 13%.
  • the breaking elongation is to be limited within the framework of the invention at an upper limit of about 40%, preferably 30% and especially preferably 20%, in particular for the first but also for the second region.
  • a tensile strength between 900 and 1300 MPa preferably between 950 and 1050 MPa is established at a breaking elongation from A5 of more than 16%, in particular of more than 17%.
  • a tensile strength in the second region of 1000 MPa a yield point Rp 0.2 of about 650 to 700 MPa at a breaking elongation A5 of more than 16% is established.
  • a furnace temperature of 600° C. it is possible to establish a tensile strength of 800 MPa, a yield point Rp 0.2 of about 600 MPa at a breaking elongation A5 greater than 17%.
  • a yield point Rp 0.2 between 550 and 800 MPa, in particular between 600 and 700 MPa can be established in the second region by the previously mentioned method steps when using the above mentioned alloy according to the invention.
  • the surface of the component scales less during heating than the conventional hot forming steels.
  • This enables producing a hot formed, press hardened component with a surface which can be directly further processed without prior jetting.
  • welding or bonding work can be carried out or a coating, varnishing or a KTL coating can be performed.
  • the produced motor vehicle component is tempering resistant. It is thus possible to galvanize the motor vehicle component according to the invention even at temperatures up to 400 or even 450° C., while at the same time retaining the previously mentioned strength properties.
  • the method according to the invention can be performed on a continuous furnace.
  • only the holding of the temperature for a defined period of time on the continuous furnace may be performed or the entire heating process until transfer of the heated and heat treated blank into a hot forming tool. It is thus possible to first heat the blank to above austenizing temperature in a heating system for example via induction, infrared, hot air or the like. Subsequently, the blank is transferred from the heating system into the continuous furnace.
  • two different temperature zones can be provided so that in a first zone, a first region of the blank is held at essentially austenization temperature and in a second zone of the continuous furnace, the second region of the blank is held at a temperature between 300 and 450° C.
  • the present invention it is also possible however, to provide a complete continuous furnace system, wherein at the beginning of the continuous furnace the entire blank is heated in a first section of the continuous furnace to above austenizing temperature and then in a second section it is held at two different temperature zones.
  • the cooling means can for example include air cooling or a liquid cooling.
  • air nozzles can be provided which enable a corresponding cooling within the previously mentioned cooling rates. It is also possible to perform the cooling via cooling plates, i.e., conductively.
  • the austenization temperature is then essentially held in the first region in a first zone, wherein the second zone is divided into two subzones, wherein in a first subzone, a first subzone temperature is established and in a second subzone, a second subzone temperature is established.
  • a motor vehicle component with two different strength regions is produced according to a method according to at least one of the previously mentioned features and is characterized in that a first region has a strength between 1400 and 1600 MPa and a breaking elongation AS greater than 13%, and a second region has a tensile strength between 950 and 1050 MPa and a yield point Rp 0.2 between 600 and 700 MPa at a breaking elongation A5 greater than 16%.
  • the first region has essentially a martensitic structure, which can also contain residual austenitic portions
  • the second region has an essentially bainitic structure, in particular a bainitic structure which is produced by quenching from the bainitic region of a ZTU diagram.
  • the bainitic structure can also have residual martensite portions.
  • Such a motor vehicle component is particularly useful as component which is required to have a high strength and with this a high resistance against mechanical stresses, however, at the same time has a ductility in one or more connecting regions, i.e., regions of the second type, which prevents a tearing off or tearing away from the vehicle body.
  • a motor vehicle column is produced in this way which has a higher ductility in a connecting region for a roof pillar and a connecting area for a sill, i.e., it has second regions, however the region between the roof space and the sill is a first region which has a higher strength.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heat treatment system with a heat station and a two zone furnace
  • FIG. 2 shows a continuous furnace with two different temperature zones
  • FIG. 3 shows a continuous furnace with three different zones
  • FIG. 4 shows a ZTU diagram for producing the second regions
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a heat treatment system 1 with a heating station 2 in which the blank 3 is heated to above austenization temperature T 1 .
  • an austenization temperature T 1 of preferably between 900 and 1000° C. is present in the heating station 2 .
  • the heating station 2 can for example be a pizza oven, a conductive, inductive or other heating station 2 .
  • the blank 3 is transferred into the furnace 4 , wherein the furnace 4 has two different zones with different temperatures.
  • a first zone 5 has a temperature T 2 , which essentially corresponds to the austenization temperature T 1 .
  • a first region 7 of the blank 3 is essentially held at or above austenization temperature.
  • a temperature of T 3 is present which essentially is between 300 and 650° C. and a second region 8 of the blank 3 is essentially held at a temperature T 3 between 350° C. and 450° C.
  • the furnace 4 can already be a continuous furnace 4 so that the component can afterwards be transferred into a hot forming and press hardening tool 9 and is hot formed and press hardened in the same, in particular quench hardened.
  • FIG. 2 shows a two-zone continuous furnace 4 , wherein the blank 3 is first heated in a first section 10 to above austenization temperature T 1 and subsequently transported in transport direction 11 through the continuous furnace 4 .
  • a second section 12 which is downstream of the first section 10 , two different temperature zones are formed, wherein a first zone 5 has the temperature T 2 and a second zone 6 has the temperature T 3 .
  • the second region 8 of the blank 3 is cooled with here not further shown cooling means. Subsequent to this, the such treated blank 3 is again transferred into a hot forming and press hardening tool 9 and formed into the motor vehicle component according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a continuous furnace 4 with three different temperature zones, wherein the continuous furnace 4 has a first section 10 which analogously corresponds to the continuous furnace 4 shown in FIG. 2 . Also in this case, the blank 3 is heated to above austenization temperature T 1 and subsequently transported in transport direction 11 into the second section 12 . In the second section 12 , a first zone 5 is formed which has a temperature T 2 which essentially corresponds to the austenization temperature T 1 .
  • the second zone is divided into a first sub zone with a temperature T 4 which essentially is between 250 and 450° C. and a second sub zone 14 with a temperature T 5 which essentially is between 400 and 600° C., preferably between 450 and 550° C.
  • a first region 7 is essentially held at above austeniztation temperature T 1
  • the second region 8 is subjected to a two step heat treatment by the first subzone 13 and subsequently by the second sub zone 14 .
  • the heat treated blank 3 is again transferred into a hot forming and press hardening tool 9 and there hot formed and press hardened to the motor vehicle component.
  • FIG. 4 shows a ZTU temperature diagram for the alloy composition mentioned in the context of the present invention, wherein the ordinate shows the temperature in degree Celsius and on the abscissa the logarithmic time t in seconds.
  • the ZTU-diagram of FIG. 4 shows the time temperature transformation for the second region in an interval between the first curve 15 with low cooling rate and a second curve 16 with higher cooling rate. It can be seen that according to the first curve, proceeding from a temperature which is in the range of the austenization temperature T 1 , the second region is cooled into a lower bainitic structure 17 , and in the case of the second curve 16 is initially cooled slightly below the martensite start temperature MS and is then held at this temperature for a period of time.
  • the second region in the lower bainitic structure is also held for a period of time, and in the two curves 16 , 17 is then quenched out of the bainitic structure.
  • the second curve 16 it is possible to establish a martensitic bainitic mixed structure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US13/718,892 2011-12-23 2012-12-18 Method for producing a motor vehicle component and motor vehicle component Abandoned US20130160906A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011057007.1 2011-12-23
DE102011057007A DE102011057007B4 (de) 2011-12-23 2011-12-23 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kraftfahrzeugbauteils sowie Kraftfahrzeugbauteil

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CN (1) CN103173606B (de)
DE (1) DE102011057007B4 (de)

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CN104942111A (zh) * 2015-07-01 2015-09-30 上海凌云汽车模具有限公司 生产变强度热成型零件的方法及模具的下模座
US20170327917A1 (en) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-16 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Motor vehicle component and a method of manufacturing thereof
JP2018079484A (ja) * 2016-11-14 2018-05-24 株式会社豊田中央研究所 熱間プレス成形方法および熱間プレス成形品
US20180231311A1 (en) * 2015-08-07 2018-08-16 Schwartz Gmbh Method for heat treatment of a sheet steel component and heat treatment apparatus therefor
US10335845B2 (en) 2016-04-20 2019-07-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Hot-stamping furnace and method of hot stamping
US10350664B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2019-07-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Furnace assembly and method for hot-stamping vehicle components
US10519523B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2019-12-31 Aisin Takaoka Co., Ltd. Infrared heating method, infrared heating and forming method of steel sheet and automobile component obtained thereby, and infrared heating furnace
CN113249556A (zh) * 2016-02-25 2021-08-13 本特勒汽车有限公司 具有至少两个强度不同的区域的汽车组件的制备方法
CN113614267A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2021-11-05 宝马股份公司 钢合金、这样的钢合金的用途和部件
WO2022111929A1 (de) * 2020-11-25 2022-06-02 Schwartz Gmbh Thermisches behandeln eines bauteils
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DE102016118252A1 (de) 2016-09-27 2018-03-29 Schwartz Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung eines metallischen Bauteils
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Cited By (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10519523B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2019-12-31 Aisin Takaoka Co., Ltd. Infrared heating method, infrared heating and forming method of steel sheet and automobile component obtained thereby, and infrared heating furnace
CN104942111A (zh) * 2015-07-01 2015-09-30 上海凌云汽车模具有限公司 生产变强度热成型零件的方法及模具的下模座
US20180231311A1 (en) * 2015-08-07 2018-08-16 Schwartz Gmbh Method for heat treatment of a sheet steel component and heat treatment apparatus therefor
US11359254B2 (en) 2016-01-25 2022-06-14 Schwartz Gmbh Heat treatment method and heat treatment device
CN113249556A (zh) * 2016-02-25 2021-08-13 本特勒汽车有限公司 具有至少两个强度不同的区域的汽车组件的制备方法
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US20170327917A1 (en) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-16 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Motor vehicle component and a method of manufacturing thereof
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