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US20130112664A1 - Tool and method for joining material layers - Google Patents

Tool and method for joining material layers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130112664A1
US20130112664A1 US13/670,503 US201213670503A US2013112664A1 US 20130112664 A1 US20130112664 A1 US 20130112664A1 US 201213670503 A US201213670503 A US 201213670503A US 2013112664 A1 US2013112664 A1 US 2013112664A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pin
material layer
metal material
material layers
fastener
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/670,503
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Manuel ERLACHER
Bernhard Hofer
Martin Rodler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Steyr Daimler Puch Fahrzeugtechnik AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steyr Daimler Puch Fahrzeugtechnik AG and Co KG filed Critical Steyr Daimler Puch Fahrzeugtechnik AG and Co KG
Assigned to MAGNA STEYR FAHRZEUGTECHNIK AG & CO KG reassignment MAGNA STEYR FAHRZEUGTECHNIK AG & CO KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ERLACHER, Manuel, HOFER, BERNHARD, RODLER, MARTIN
Publication of US20130112664A1 publication Critical patent/US20130112664A1/en
Priority to US15/881,130 priority Critical patent/US10946468B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/08—Riveting by applying heat, e.g. to the end parts of the rivets to enable heads to be formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K11/004—Welding of a small piece to a great or broad piece
    • B23K11/0046—Welding of a small piece to a great or broad piece the extremity of a small piece being welded to a base, e.g. cooling studs or fins to tubes or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/20—Stud welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/07—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of multiple interengaging protrusions on the surfaces, e.g. hooks, coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • B23K2103/166—Multilayered materials
    • B23K2103/172—Multilayered materials wherein at least one of the layers is non-metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/30—Organic material
    • B23K2103/42—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tool for joining at least two material layers, of which at least one material layer is in the form of a metal material layer, by a pin, and to a method for joining at least two material layers, of which at least one material layer is in the form of a metal material layer, by a pin.
  • Methods of this type for connecting material layers are used, for example, in the car industry and especially in the production of motor vehicles and components thereof of composite construction. For example, it may be necessary in this case to fasten plastics parts or add-on parts made of glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) to body components made of steel sheet.
  • GFRP glass-fibre-reinforced plastic
  • connections of this type may be produced, for example, by mechanical riveting, wherein the rivet penetrates a first material layer and merely deforms a second material layer.
  • spot welding is known, by way of which metal layers are melted in a locally small area and are welded to each other by the subsequent solidification.
  • the use of a nail is known, said nail being driven through two material layers to be connected and thereby, by way of a form-fitting connection and also by way of a frictional connection via the dynamic effect at the head end of said nail, being able to produce a permanent connection between the material layers. In this case, the nail has relatively little resistance against being pulled out axially from the material layers.
  • a method for joining two joining parts, in particular flat materials, of the type in question is known from DE 10 2004 025 492 A1.
  • a joining element in particular a rivet
  • the rivet bears against the second joining part, subjects the latter to a mechanical load, or, in accordance with one embodiment, even brings about a notch in the second joining part.
  • current is then conducted into the contact points between the joining element and joining part and the latter are thereby welded.
  • a joining force between the joining parts and the joining element is applied by two electrodes, between which the joining parts are clamped.
  • a disadvantage of this known joining method is that the connection to the second joining part is not very stable and, in particular, only small shearing forces, if any at all, from the second joining part can be absorbed. Furthermore, only a small pressure can be exerted on the joining element by the tool used.
  • an object of the invention to provide a tool and a method for joining at least two material layers, which tool and method are enhanced in this respect and in particular permit simple and secure joining of the material layers.
  • a tool for joining at least two material layers, of which at least one material layer is in the form of a metal material layer, by a pin comprising a driving-in device and a welding device, wherein the driving-in device is designed to drive the pin through the at least two material layers to be joined, and the welding device is designed so as, after the driving-in of the pin, to weld at least one first section of the pin to a metal material layer.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for joining at least two material layers, of which at least one material layer is in the form of a metal material layer, by a pin, wherein, with a tool in accordance with the invention, the pin is driven through the at least two material layers to be joined and, after the driving-in of the pin, at least one first section of the pin is welded to a metal material layer.
  • a tool is configured to join at least two material layers, of which at least one material layer is composed of a metal, the tool including at least one of: a driving-in device configured to drive a pin through the at least two material layers to be joined; and a welding device configured such that, after the driving-in of the pin, to weld at least one first section of the pin to the at least one material layer composed of the metal.
  • a method for joining at least two material layers, of which at least one material layer is composed of a metal including at least one of the following: providing a tool including a driving-in device and a welding device; providing a fastener; driving the fastener using the drive-in device through the surface of the at least two material layers; and then welding the fastener using the welding device to the at least one metal material layer after driving the fastener.
  • a method for joining at least two material layers, of which at least one material layer is composed of a metal including at least one of the following: pre-stressing the material layers; driving a fastener into the material layers; and then creating a welded connection at at least one contact point between the fastener and the metal material layer after driving the fastener by conducting a welding current through the fastener.
  • the driving-in device of a tool in accordance with the invention is therefore designed to drive a pin through at least two material layers, in particular through all of the material layers, which are intended to be connected to one another.
  • the driving through the material layers is understood as meaning that the tip of the pin penetrates the second material layer at least to an extent such that the tip comes to lie in the region of emergence from the second material layer. At least the tip of the pin, therefore, displaces the material of the second material layer as far as the region of emergence from said material layer. Owing to the fact that the pin is also driven into the second material layer, shearing forces from said material layer can be absorbed, and therefore a secure connection is ensured even under the action of lateral forces. For this purpose, the pin can penetrate the second material layer such that the tip of the pin already protrudes from the second material layer.
  • the pin may also end shortly before emerging from the second material layer, and therefore the tip of the pin does not protrude out of the material layer.
  • the driving-in device has, at least temporarily, to apply a correspondingly high force in order to drive the pin through both material layers.
  • the tool in accordance with the invention has a welding device which, after the driving-in of the pin via the driving-in device, is capable of welding at least a first section of the pin to a metal material layer.
  • the welding is generally achieved by way of resistance welding, but other methods, for example welding by way of inductive heating, are also conceivable.
  • a tool in accordance with the invention is advantageously designed in such a manner that the welding device welds the at least first section of the pin, wherein the at least first section of the pin lies at a front end of the pin in the driving-in direction.
  • the tool is designed in such a manner that the welding device conducts a welding current through the pin.
  • the welding current may thereby cross non-metallic material layers by being guided along the pin which is in any case driven in.
  • the tool is designed in such a manner that the welding device welds both ends of the pin to one metal material layer each. Material layers which are weldable to both ends of the pin are thereby welded by the driven-in pin such that reliable support is achieved at both ends of the pin.
  • the driving-in device is designed in such a manner that the pin can be driven in pneumatically through the at least two material layers.
  • the required force is achieved by comparatively simple means in order to drive the pin through the at least two material layers.
  • the driving-in device part of the tool in accordance with the invention may be designed in this case in a similar manner to a known compressed-air nail driver.
  • the latter for example, may also be designed electromechanically.
  • a tool in accordance with the invention can advantageously be configured in such a manner that the material layers are prestressed against one another before the pin is driven in.
  • the tool therefore, serves to execute the following steps: pre-stressing the material layers, driving in the pin and then welding the pin to the material layers. This is advantageous since the frictional connection between the material layers is enhanced by the step of pre-stressing.
  • the tool is designed in such a manner that a pin which has a head at the rear and thereof in the driving-in direction is driven in by the driving-in device in such a manner that, after being driven in, the head bears against a first material layer in the driving-in direction.
  • the tool can therefore drive in a pin which is designed as a nail, with a head. The head enhances the support of the pin or of the nail against a first penetrated material layer such that this end of the pin is readily fixed even without welding.
  • the invention also relates to a method for connecting at least two material layers, of which at least one material layer is in the form of a metal material layer, by a pin, wherein, with a tool in accordance with the invention, the pin is driven through the at least two material layers to be connected and, after the driving-in of the pin, at least one first section of the pin is welded to a metal material layer.
  • At least one of the material layers which is joined in a method in accordance with the invention to at least one further material layer consists of a plastic or a fibre-plastic composite, such as, for example, glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP).
  • GFRP glass-fibre-reinforced plastic
  • At least one metal material layer is formed by a metal auxiliary element.
  • a metal auxiliary element This is advantageous in particular whenever an otherwise outer material layer cannot be welded.
  • a sheet-metal disc, or else a sheet-metal strip can be used as an auxiliary element in order to permit welding of the pin to said auxiliary element and, by means of this welded connection, to securely fix the further material layers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a tool in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 a - 2 f illustrate the tool of FIG. 1 in various method steps and a sequence of a method in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates material layers connected to one another in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates material layers connected to one another in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates material layers connected to one another in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a tool in accordance with the invention which is used to join a plurality of material layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 to one another, the layers include a first, outermost layer 1 , second and third inner layers 2 , 3 and a fourth, outermost layer 4 .
  • the first outermost layer 1 and the fourth, outermost layer 4 are each composed of weldable material.
  • the layer 1 is formed by the metal body, and the layer 4 which is arranged on the opposite side of the material layers corresponds to a metal add-on part, for example, a sheet-metal strip.
  • the intermediary layers 2 , 3 are glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) or plastics parts arranged between the weldable layers 1 , 4 .
  • GFRP glass-fibre-reinforced plastic
  • a tool in accordance with the invention includes the driving-in device 6 and a welding device 7 having an upper electrode and lower electrode are schematically illustrated.
  • An essential element of the illustrated driving-in device 6 is the driving-in piston 6 .
  • pressurization, such as, for example, pneumatically, of the driving-in piston 6 using a sufficient force, in a direction towards the pin 5 causes the pin 5 to be driven through the surface of all of the material layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 in the position illustrated.
  • the electrodes 7 are illustrated as an essential element.
  • the electrodes 7 are placed against the outer material layers 1 and 4 and the welding current is conducted via the electrodes of the welding device 7 through the pin 5 such that a high temperature is formed at the contact points between the pin 5 and the weldable layers 1 and 4 , and therefore, the components 1 and 4 are melted and welded to the pin 5 .
  • the tool illustrated therefore, has a driving-in device 6 which functions, for example, in a similar manner to a known compressed-air nail driver, and a welding device 7 which functions, for example, in a similar manner to known welding tongs.
  • FIGS. 2 a - 2 f illustrate the sequence of a joining method in accordance with the invention using the described tool of FIG. 1 .
  • the tool illustrated above the welding device 7 and the driving-in device 6 , and the pin 5 are still in a starting position such that the pin 5 is held spatially above the material layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 to be connected.
  • the tool is placed onto the material layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 .
  • the material layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 are then prestressed by closing the electrodes of the welding device 7 , which is designed, for example, in the manner of tongs.
  • the pin 5 is then driven pneumatically into the material layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 by the driving-in piston of the driving-in device 6 .
  • the state in which the pin 5 is already driven in through all four material layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 is such that a portion of the pin 5 protrudes from the surface of the outermost material layer 1 and the outermost material layer 4 .
  • the driving-in piston 6 is then manipulated in a rearward direction away from the material layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 , and a welding current conducted by the welding device 7 through the electrodes and the pin 5 such that a current flux 11 is conducted from one tong half of the outermost electrode via the pin 5 to the other tong half of the outermost electrode corresponding to the arrows illustrated in FIG. 2 d .
  • the tool is manipulated rearward again and can then be advanced to the next joining point.
  • the material layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 are joined after the treatment, in which the welded connections 12 are formed between the pin 5 and the material layers 1 and 4 , has ended.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 illustrate further use possibilities of the tool in accordance with the invention for joining components.
  • a pin 5 having a head 10 i.e., a nail
  • the nail is driven into the material layers 1 , 2 and 3 by the tool and welded by the welding device (not illustrated in FIG. 3 ).
  • the welding device not illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • a welded connection (not illustrated) is formed only between the outermost layer 1 and the pin 5 .
  • the outermost plastics layer 3 is fixed via the nail head 10 .
  • a nail with a head 10 is also used in FIG. 4 as the pin 5 for producing the connection between the material layers 2 and 3 .
  • the flat components 2 and 3 to be joined are not weldable.
  • an auxiliary element 9 composed of, for example, a weldable metal material such as a sheet-metal disc, is therefore placed onto the joining point.
  • the further connection is undertaken in the manner described above with reference to FIGS. 2 a - 2 f using the tool in accordance with the invention.
  • the connection is, therefore, produced at a first end by a welded connection between the pin 5 and auxiliary element 9 and at a second end of the pin 5 by the frictional connection between the head 10 and the outermost material layer 3 .
  • a pin 5 is used without a head.
  • two auxiliary elements 9 composed of, for example, a weldable metal material such as a sheet-metal disc, are used as weldable material layers.
  • two welded connections are formed, namely a welded connection in each case between the pin 5 and each of the two auxiliary elements 9 .
  • the tool and method in accordance with embodiments of the invention is therefore advantageous in permitting a secure connection between at least two material layers, using the tool with a driving-in device and a welding device, whereby a pin is driven in through at least two material layers and is subsequently welded to at least one metal material layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
US13/670,503 2011-11-07 2012-11-07 Tool and method for joining material layers Abandoned US20130112664A1 (en)

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CN105745049A (zh) * 2013-11-22 2016-07-06 纽弗雷公司 接合装置及接合方法
US20160346867A1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2016-12-01 John Hill Method Of Joining Dissimilar Materials
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US20180135675A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2018-05-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for Joining Components and Component Composite
US10456850B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2019-10-29 Magna International Inc. Joining of dissimilar materials
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US10456850B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2019-10-29 Magna International Inc. Joining of dissimilar materials
US20150028625A1 (en) * 2013-07-26 2015-01-29 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Body component and method for producing a body component
US20150059958A1 (en) * 2013-09-04 2015-03-05 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Apparatus and methods for repairing discrepant welds using a specially-designed mechanical intermediary
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US9573320B2 (en) * 2013-09-04 2017-02-21 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Apparatus and methods for repairing discrepant welds using a specially-designed mechanical intermediary
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CN105745049B (zh) * 2013-11-22 2018-07-10 纽弗雷公司 接合装置及接合方法
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US20180135675A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2018-05-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for Joining Components and Component Composite
US20230039275A1 (en) * 2019-12-13 2023-02-09 Shindengen Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Welding method and welded structure

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US20180147651A1 (en) 2018-05-31
EP2589455B1 (fr) 2015-08-26
DE102011117962A1 (de) 2013-05-08
EP2589455A1 (fr) 2013-05-08
CN103121144B (zh) 2016-03-16
CN103121144A (zh) 2013-05-29
US10946468B2 (en) 2021-03-16

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