Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
  • C10L5/36—Shape
  • C10L5/361—Briquettes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
  • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/32—Molding or moulds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/50—Screws or pistons for moving along solids
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a solid fuel. More specifically, it relates to a solid fuel making effective use of the residue left after beneficial seeds, grains or bulbs are collected from plants which are cultivated in relatively large quantities or grow in nature.
• the inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies to develop a solid fuel which makes use of the residue left after beneficial seeds, grains or bulbs are collected and plants growing in nature all of which are produced in relatively large quantities and can be used as a new energy source capable of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide.
• certain kinds of plants or residue thereof is solidified to be effectively used as a solid fuel.
• the residue can be used especially as a solid fuel for power generation and as a new energy source.
• a hard molded product can be obtained without using a large amount of a binder (for example, a plastic) or a form retaining agent (for example, a rubber or adhesive) intentionally and that the obtained molded product has a sufficiently large calorific value as a solid fuel. Further, they found that, surprisingly, the molded product has sufficiently high hardness and toughness, that is, excellent form retention stability though it contains the residue as the main component. This form retention stability is one of extremely valuable characteristic properties as a solid fuel, especially a fuel for thermal power generation. A solid fuel goes through repetitions of steps such as storage, transportation and unloading after production (molding) before use. During these steps, fragmentation occurs and when fragmentation becomes marked, this product becomes unsuitable for use as an industrial solid fuel.
• a solid fuel which comprises a composition containing 70 wt % or more, on dry basis, of dried Arundo donax, Leucaena leucocephala, Saccharum officinarum, Manihot esculenta , straw, seaweed, seagrass or algae and is hot compression molded.
• a solid fuel molded product having excellent form retention stability by making use of the residue of a certain kind of a plant which is cultivated in large quantities and used as food or feed.
• a solid fuel molded product as a solid fuel substantially composed of a plant residue, especially a solid fuel for power generation. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention is substantially formed from a plant in nature, does not produce a harmful gas and leads to the suppression of carbon dioxide.
• Dried Arundo donax, Leucaena leucocephala, Saccharum officinarum, Manihot esculenta , straw, seaweed, seagrass or algae is used as the main raw material of the solid fuel of the present invention. It is a dried product of the residue (stalk or leaf) left after beneficial seeds, grains or bulbs are collected.
• the dried product may be a product which is dried to some extent though it contains a small amount of water.
• the dried product can be used as it is or after it is cut.
• the solid fuel of the present invention comprises a composition which should contain 70 wt % or more, preferably 80 wt % or more, on dry basis, of a dried product of the above residue, or may contain substantially 100 wt % of the dried product.
• the composition may contain another component derived from a natural product, for example, a binder such as rubber or starch, in an amount of less than 30 wt %, preferably less than 20 wt %, particularly preferably less than 15 wt %.
• Arundo donax, Leucaena leucocephala, Saccharum officinarum, Manihot esculenta or straw is preferred, and Arundo donax, Leucaena leucocephala or Saccharum officinarum is particularly preferred.
• the above composition (particularly a fragmented dried product) should be compression molded at a temperature of 80 to 150° C., preferably 100 to 130° C.
• a single-screw or double-screw hot extruder may be used.
• composition compression extruded from the extruder is discharged from a circular nozzle and cut to a suitable length so as to obtain a cylindrical molded product.
• a solid fuel having a desired size can be obtained by setting the diameter of the circular nozzle to 25 to 50 mm, preferably 30 to 40 mm and the cut length to 20 to 70 mm, preferably 25 to 65 mm.
• the solid fuel of the present invention is preferably manufactured by the above molding method from the industrial point of view, its shape is preferably cylindrical or prismatic, particularly preferably cylindrical. As for the size of the solid fuel, its average volume is 15 to 3,500 cm 3 , preferably 20 to 1,000 cm 3 .
• the apparent specific gravity of the solid fuel is 0.3 to 0.6 g/cm 3 , preferably 0.4 to 0.5 g/cm 3 .
• the solid fuel has a stable calorific value of 15 to 30 MJ/kg, preferably 20 to 28 MJ/kg. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention has a highly stable calorific value and excellent form retention stability and is therefore advantageously used as a fuel for thermal power generation.
• a form retention stability test was made on solid fuels obtained in Examples by the following method.
• the ratio (weight) of the solid fuel passing through a sieve having an opening of 10 mm or less was calculated and evaluated based on the following criteria.
• Cylindrical solid fuels having an extrusion diameter of about 50 mm (length of 65 mm) were obtained from the residues of plants shown in Table 1 below as raw material compositions (each composition contained 80 wt % of the dried residue and 20 wt % of natural rubber) by means of a double-screw extruder heated at 130° C.
• the apparent specific gravity (bulk specific gravity), calorific value and form retention stability test result of each of the obtained solid fuels are shown in Table 1 below.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=44318906

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (15)

Cited By (7)

Families Citing this family (10)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (15)

• 2010
  • 2010-01-28 JP JP2010016978A patent/JP4814381B2/ja active Active
  • 2010-10-20 RU RU2012136392/04A patent/RU2012136392A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-10-20 MX MX2012008681A patent/MX2012008681A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-10-20 AU AU2010344513A patent/AU2010344513A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-10-20 US US13/522,366 patent/US20130004904A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-10-20 CN CN2010800624575A patent/CN102725384A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-10-20 CA CA2787366A patent/CA2787366A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-10-20 KR KR1020127020513A patent/KR20120121893A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-10-20 BR BR112012018648A patent/BR112012018648A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-10-20 PH PH1/2012/501460A patent/PH12012501460A1/en unknown
  • 2010-10-20 WO PCT/JP2010/068495 patent/WO2011092906A1/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2010-10-20 EP EP10844660.0A patent/EP2530137A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-10-20 SG SG2012053047A patent/SG182583A1/en unknown
• 2012
  • 2012-07-16 EG EG2012071260A patent/EG27102A/xx active
  • 2012-07-25 ZA ZA2012/05625A patent/ZA201205625B/en unknown

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events