US20120247771A1 - Perforating gun and arming method - Google Patents
Perforating gun and arming method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120247771A1 US20120247771A1 US13/428,927 US201213428927A US2012247771A1 US 20120247771 A1 US20120247771 A1 US 20120247771A1 US 201213428927 A US201213428927 A US 201213428927A US 2012247771 A1 US2012247771 A1 US 2012247771A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- loading tube
- arming device
- arming
- carrier member
- tubular carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
- E21B43/1185—Ignition systems
Definitions
- Hydrocarbon exploration and production as well as other subterranean activities (e.g., water exploration and extraction), involve drilling and completing a wellbore.
- the wellbore is drilled into the ground and then can be lined with metal pipe generally referred to as casing.
- the casing can extend essentially the entire length of the wellbore or terminate short of the total depth thereby leaving an uncased, open hole, portion of the well.
- the casing may also be cemented in place, sealing the annulus between the casing and the earthen formation.
- Perforating guns are tubular-shaped devices having an outer housing called a carrier.
- the carrier holds one or more interconnected loading tubes.
- the loading tubes hold shaped explosive charges that, when detonated, create perforations through the carrier, the wellbore casing, cement and into the earthen formation.
- Perorating guns can be lowered downhole via wireline, cable, coiled tubing and production tubing, for example. Firing signals can be transmitted to the perforating gun electrically (including by wireline), by wireless electromagnetic signal, by pressure pulses, and acoustically.
- the perforating gun includes a firing head.
- the firing head can receive an electrical signal that is transmitted from the surface and/or from another location within the wellbore (perhaps from an adjacent gun or other device or from a wireline).
- the electronic signal initiates a detonator in the firing head to ignite a detonating cord of the loading tube.
- the detonating cord extends through the perforating gun and is interconnected with the shaped charges held by the loading tube.
- a method of arming a perforating gun comprises electrically connecting an arming device to a loading tube, and ballistically connecting the arming device to the loading tube after the arming device has been electrically connected to the loading tube.
- a method of arming a perforating gun includes positioning an arming device comprising an electrical connector and a detonator proximate to an end of a loading tube that is disposed within a carrier.
- the loading tube comprises an explosive charge, an electrical conductor having an electrical connector that is located proximate the end of the loading tube, and a detonating cord that is connected to the explosive charge and has an end located proximate to the end of the loading tube.
- the method includes electrically connecting the arming device to the loading tube in response to moving the arming device to a park position, and then ballistically connecting the arming device to the loading tube in response to moving the arming device from the park position to an armed position.
- An embodiment of a perforating gun comprises a loading tube having an explosive charge, an electrical conductor, and a detonating cord; and an arming device comprising a detonator and an electrical connector.
- the arming device can be moved between a park position and an armed position. In the park position the arming device is electrically connected to the loading tube and the arming device is not ballistically connected to the loading tube. In the armed position the arming device is electrically and ballistically connected to the loading tube.
- FIG. 1 is a pictorial diagram of a perforating gun illustrating an example of an arming device positioned for electrical and ballistic connection to the loading tube of the perforating gun in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is a pictorial diagram of a perforating gun illustrating an example of the arming device in a park position, electrically connected to the loading tube of the perforating gun but not ballistically connected to the loading tube, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 3 is a pictorial diagram of an end view of the perforating gun of FIG. 2 , illustrating an example of the arming device in the park position in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 4 is a pictorial diagram of a perforating gun illustrating an example of the arming device in an armed position, electrically and ballistically connected to the loading tube of the perforating gun, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 5 is a pictorial diagram of an end view of the perforating gun of FIG. 4 , illustrating an example of the arming device in the armed position in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 6 is a pictorial diagram of a perforating gun illustrating an example of an installation tool for electrically and ballistically connecting the arming device to the loading tube in accordance to one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 7 is a pictorial diagram of an example of a perforating gun illustrating the arming device in the armed position, electrically and ballistically connected to the loading tube, in accordance to one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 8 is a pictorial diagram of an example of an end of a loading tube and an arming device in accordance to one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 9 is a pictorial diagram of an example of an end of a loading tube and an arming device in accordance to one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 10 is a pictoral diagram of an example of two carrier portions connected to one another end to end in accordance with one embodiment.
- first and second features are formed in direct contact
- additional features may be formed interposing the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact.
- the terms “up” and “down”; “upper” and “lower”; “top” and “bottom”; and other like terms indicating relative positions to a given point or element are utilized to more clearly describe some elements. Commonly, these terms relate to a reference point as the surface from which drilling operations are initiated as being the top point and the total depth of the well being the lowest point, wherein the well (e.g., wellbore, borehole) is vertical, horizontal or slanted relative to the surface.
- FIG. 1 depicts an example of a perforating gun, generally denoted by the numeral 10 .
- Perforating gun 10 includes a loading tube 12 disposed inside of a carrier 14 .
- Loading tube 12 may have one or more receptacles 13 adapted to hold explosive charges 16 .
- a detonating cord 18 is connected to explosive charges 16 and has an end 20 located proximate to an end 19 of loading tube 12 .
- End 20 of detonating cord 18 may be a booster.
- Electrical conductor 22 extends between electrical connectors 23 , 24 located at the respective ends of loading tube 12 .
- arming device 26 An example of an arming device 26 is depicted in FIG. 1 located adjacent, or proximate, to end 19 of loading tube 12 prior to being connected to perforating gun 10 .
- arming device 26 is not physically, electrically, or ballistically connected to loading tube 12 .
- arming device 26 includes a detonator 28 (for example an RF-safe initiator), firing electronics 30 (for example, an addressable switch), and an electrical connector 32 and electrical conductor 33 .
- Firing electronics 30 can initiate detonator 28 in response to receipt of a firing signal from the surface of the well, for example, via electrical conductor 22 , pressure pulses and wirelessly.
- arming device 26 provides a means to establish an electrical connection between loading tube 12 and arming device 26 prior to ballistically connecting arming device 26 to loading tube 12 and thereby completing the ballistic train 34 (i.e., detonator 28 , detonating cord 18 , explosive charges 16 ) as illustrated in FIGS. 4 , 6 , and 7 .
- the ballistic train 34 i.e., detonator 28 , detonating cord 18 , explosive charges 16
- FIG. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of perforating gun 10 illustrated in a “park” position, wherein arming device 26 is electrically connected to loading tube 12 and arming device 26 is not ballistically connected to loading tube 12 .
- FIG. 3 is an end view of the right end of perforating gun 10 illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- electrical connector 24 and electrical connector 32 are connected, electrically connecting arming device 26 to loading tube 12 and establishing electrical continuity across loading tube 12 and arming device 26 .
- electrical signals can be transmitted between firing electronics 30 and other devices (e.g., sensors, surface controls, and other electronics) via electrical conductor 22 which extends across loading tube 12 .
- detonator 28 In the park position, ballistic train 34 is not completed and therefore explosive charges 16 are not connected to detonator 28 via detonating cord 18 , thus, perforating gun 10 is not armed.
- the park position is evidenced by detonator 28 being offset angularly from end 20 of detonating cord 18 .
- detonator 28 is shown offset approximately 180 degrees from end 20 of detonating cord 18 , however, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art with benefit of this disclosure that the angular offset may differ from 180 degrees.
- a method or process of arming perforating gun 10 includes aligning arming device 26 proximate to end 19 of loading tube 12 as depicted in FIG. 1 .
- loading tube 12 is disposed inside of carrier 14 .
- aligning arming device 26 includes positioning arming device 26 such that electrical connector 32 of arming device 26 is axially aligned with electrical connector 24 of loading tube 12 .
- Arming device 26 is electrically connected to loading tube 12 prior to ballistically connecting arming device 26 to loading tube 12 .
- arming device 26 is moved axially to loading tube 12 , as illustrated by the arrow of FIG.
- Perforating gun 10 is armed by ballistically connecting arming device 26 to loading tube 12 after electrically connecting arming device 26 to loading tube 12 .
- Arming perforating gun 10 includes rotating arming device 26 relative to loading tube 12 until detonator 28 is axially aligned with end 20 of detonating cord 18 as depicted for example in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
- arming device 26 is rotated clockwise from the park position illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 to the armed position illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 . It will be understood by those skilled in the art and with benefit of this disclosure that in some embodiments arming device 26 may be rotated counterclockwise from the park position to the armed position.
- arming device 26 is moved from the park position to the armed position without disconnecting the previously established electrical connection between arming device 26 and electrical conductor 22 of loading tube 12 .
- perforating gun 10 can be armed without interrupting the electrical continuity established across electrical conductors 22 and 33 which was established in the park position.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 Non-exclusive examples of electrical and ballistic connections of arming device 26 with loading tube 12 are illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 .
- Electrical connector 24 of loading tube 12 and electrical connector 32 of arming device 26 are depicted as male and female devices, for example RCA connectors, which are mated by axial movement.
- Arming device 26 and loading tube 12 include a device 36 , referred to herein as a lock device, that can facilitate axial movement of arming device 26 to the park position, electrically connecting arming device 26 to loading tube 12 , and then rotational movement of arming device 26 to the armed position, ballistically connecting arming device 26 to loading tube 12 . In the park position, locking device 36 can block axial movement of arming device 26 away from loading tube 12 .
- lock device 36 includes a first member 38 disposed with one of arming device 26 and loading tube 12 which is matable with a cooperative second member 40 disposed with the other of arming device 26 and loading tube 12 .
- first member 38 is illustrated as a protrusion and second member 40 is a groove.
- Groove 40 includes a first, axial leg 42 and a second leg 44 that extends away from first, axial leg 42 an angular distance that corresponds with the angular distance required to move detonator 28 from the park position to the armed position ballistically aligned with and connected to detonating cord 18 .
- protrusion 38 is depicted as having a head 46 spaced by a post 48 outward from a face 50 of arming device 26 .
- Head 46 has cross-sectional greater than the cross-sectional diameter of post 48 .
- protrusion 38 is a T-shaped member and in FIG. 9 , protrusion 38 is an L-shaped member.
- Groove 40 is formed such that axial leg 42 extends a distance axially into loading tube 12 , away from a face 52 of loading tube 12 , corresponding substantially with the distance post 48 spaces head 46 from face 50 of arming device 26 .
- angular leg 44 of groove 40 corresponds in size to head 46 of the respective protrusion 38 and extends angularly away from the end of axial leg 42 distal from face 52 .
- positioning arming device 26 in the park position includes disposing head 46 of protrusion 38 into axial leg 42 of groove 40 and axially moving arming device 26 toward loading tube 12 interconnecting electrical connectors 24 , 32 .
- face 50 and face 52 abut when arming device 26 and loading tube 12 are in the park position and electrically connected.
- Arming the perforating gun is accomplished by rotating arming device 26 from the park position to the armed position. From the park position, arming device 26 is rotated with head 46 disposed in and traveling along angular leg 44 of groove 40 until detonator 28 is aligned with end 20 of detonating cord 18 .
- Angular leg 44 may terminate at an end, or stop, 54 positioned to locate detonator 28 in ballistic alignment with detonating cord 18 when head 46 abuts stop 54 .
- lock device 36 blocks axial movement of arming device 26 relative to loading tube 12 .
- arming device 26 can be positioned and moved into the park position and the armed position by hand.
- a tool may be utilized to support and position arming device 26 .
- arming device 26 is illustrated being manipulated with use of a device 56 .
- An example of a device 56 referred to herein as an installation device, is illustrated as connected to an end of carrier 14 , for example, by cap 58 in FIG. 6 .
- Cap 58 is illustrated in this example as being threaded onto an end of carrier 14 .
- a support device 60 is adapted to support arming device 26 and includes a shaft 62 that extends through cap 58 to the exterior of carrier 14 .
- Arming device 26 can be moved axially and rotationally relative to loading tube 12 by manipulating shaft 62 .
- Installation device 56 may further include a biasing device 64 , for example a spring, to bias support device 60 toward or away from cap 58 .
- biasing device 64 may bias support device 60 and the carried arming device 26 away from cap 58 and toward loading tube 12 to maintain electrical connection when in the park position.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example of perforating gun 10 armed and completed for introduction into a wellbore.
- Arming device 26 is in the armed position wherein it is physically, electrically, and ballistically connected to loading tube 12 .
- Detonator 28 is aligned with and ballistically connected to end 20 of detonating cord 18 which is connected to explosive charges 16 , thereby completing ballistic train 34 .
- Electrical continuity is provided across perforating gun 10 by the electrical connection of arming device 26 to electrical conductor 22 of loading tube 12 .
- a pressure bulkhead 66 is illustrated installed in carrier 14 adjacent to arming device 26 .
- the depicted bulkhead 66 includes an electrical feed-through conductor 68 which is electrically connected to electrical conductor 22 of loading tube 12 via electrical conductor 33 of arming device 26 which provides electrical continuity between the surface of the well and the perforating gun string.
- Modularity of the gun components allows for a gun 10 to be configured and assembled for specific down hole needs, along with reducing the need for a significant inventory.
- individual sections 14 a of the carrier 14 can be secured, end to end, to provide a gun 10 have a desired length.
- each carrier section 14 a as shown in FIG. 10 , is disposed a loading tube 7 , arming device 26 and a bulkhead 66 .
- the carrier sections 14 a can be secured to one another by known means, such as a threaded connection. As shown in FIG.
- the threaded connection can include an interior threaded surface 80 of a carrier portion 14 a and a corresponding exterior threaded surface 82 of a carrier portion 14 b, the exterior threaded surface 82 and interior threaded surface 80 configured so that the exterior threaded surface 82 of carrier portion 14 b is received by the interior threaded portion 80 of carrier portion 14 a.
- the carrier 14 a can include a throughbore 84 extending therethrough and through the threaded portion 80 .
- a securing member 86 such as a set screw, is placed within the throughbore 84 and engages the exterior threaded surface 82 resist rotation of the carrier portions 14 a and 14 b relative to one another.
- the use of a throughbore 84 and securing member 86 allows an operator to have full discretion as to the orientation of the carrier portions 14 a and 14 b when secured.
- the loading tube 12 , arming device 26 and bulkhead 66 are secured within a carrier portion 14 b, with the bulkhead 66 positioned within the carrier portion 14 b adjacent the exterior threaded surface 82 .
- the loading tube 12 with or without the arming device 26 and bulkhead 66 connected thereto, can be indexed or oriented within the carrier 14 to a specific orientation and secured in that orientation.
- the exterior threaded surface 82 can include a throughbore 88 therein.
- a securing member 90 such as a set screw, can be positioned within the throughbore 88 to abut the bulkhead 66 positioned within the carrier 14 and resist rotation of the bulkhead 66 within the carrier 14 .
- the loading tube 12 and arming device 26 With the bulkhead 66 secured by the securing member 90 , the loading tube 12 and arming device 26 are secured in the desired orientation.
- the bulkhead 66 and arming device 26 can includes a structural configuration to resist relative rotation. Alternatively, friction between the arming device 26 and the bulkhead 66 is sufficient to resist rotation of the loading tube 12 and arming device 26 relative to the bulkhead 66 secured to the carrier 15 .
- a sealing member 91 such as an o-ring, can be positioned between the bulkhead 66 and an inner surface of the carrier 14 .
- carrier portion 14 a can be secured to carrier portion 14 b via the threaded surfaces 80 and 82 discussed above.
- the securing member 86 can be inserted into throughbore 84 and abutted against the exterior threaded surface 82 of carrier portion 14 b.
- another loading tube 12 can be positioned within the carrier 14 a.
- the electrical connector 23 of the loading tube 12 can be connected to the bulkhead 66 and rotated along its longitudinal axis to the desired orientation.
- the orientation of the loading tubes in the various carrier portions can be identical or in varying orientations depending on the desired perforation strategy.
- the carrier portions 14 a and 14 b can include shoulders 100 and 102 configured to receive the bulkhead 66 therebetween.
- the bulkhead 66 can include an enlarged diameter portion 104 configured to be received between the shoulders 100 and 102 .
- the bulkhead 66 can be secured as described above with regard to securing the bulkhead 66 to carrier 14 b. Additional carrier portions 14 , loading tubes 12 arming devices 26 and bulkheads can be installed to provide a gun 10 having a desired length. Further, the orientations of the loading tubes 12 within the carrier 14 can be selected upon assembly and are not limited to predetermined orientations.
- the number of connections along the gun 10 is reduced.
- leaks through connections in a gun 10 can result in wellbore fluids filling the interior of the gun 10 which reduces or eliminates the possibility of the charges 16 firing.
- the casing 14 can have a solid exterior, without the presence of pluggable ports to allow access to the wiring and arming devices, as is prevalent in the prior art.
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Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/428,927 US20120247771A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-23 | Perforating gun and arming method |
| RU2013148015/03A RU2571108C2 (ru) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-26 | Скважинный перфоратор и способ его взведения |
| PCT/US2012/030531 WO2012135101A2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-26 | Perforating gun and arming method |
| MX2013011085A MX2013011085A (es) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-26 | Cañon de perforación y método de detonación. |
| CN201280026642.8A CN103562493A (zh) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-26 | 射孔器和准备好待发的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201161468722P | 2011-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | |
| US13/428,927 US20120247771A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-23 | Perforating gun and arming method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20120247771A1 true US20120247771A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
Family
ID=46925730
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/428,927 Abandoned US20120247771A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-23 | Perforating gun and arming method |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120247771A1 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN103562493A (es) |
| MX (1) | MX2013011085A (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2571108C2 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2012135101A2 (es) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2013148015A (ru) | 2015-05-10 |
| WO2012135101A2 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
| RU2571108C2 (ru) | 2015-12-20 |
| CN103562493A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
| MX2013011085A (es) | 2014-03-12 |
| WO2012135101A3 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
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