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US20110162592A1 - Continuous steam generator - Google Patents

Continuous steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110162592A1
US20110162592A1 US13/062,738 US200913062738A US2011162592A1 US 20110162592 A1 US20110162592 A1 US 20110162592A1 US 200913062738 A US200913062738 A US 200913062738A US 2011162592 A1 US2011162592 A1 US 2011162592A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
steam generator
flow medium
superheater
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/062,738
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin Effert
Joachim Franke
Frank Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FRANKE, JOACHIM, EFFERT, MARTIN, THOMAS, FRANK
Publication of US20110162592A1 publication Critical patent/US20110162592A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F22B21/341—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part
    • F22B21/343—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part the vertical radiation combustion chamber being connected at its upper part to a sidewards convection chamber
    • F22B21/345—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part the vertical radiation combustion chamber being connected at its upper part to a sidewards convection chamber with a tube bundle between an upper and a lower drum in the convection pass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a once-through (“continuous”) steam generator comprising a number of burners for fossil fuel, the surrounding wall thereof being completely or partially formed from steam generator tubes welded together in a gas-tight manner.
  • Said burners are disposed in a combustion chamber downstream of which a vertical gas duct is mounted above a horizontal gas duct on the hot gas side, a first part of the steam generator tubes being implemented as a system of evaporator tubes mounted upstream of a moisture separation system on the flow medium side, and a second part of the steam generator tubes being implemented as a system of superheater tubes mounted downstream of the moisture separation system on the flow medium side.
  • a fossil fired steam generator the energy of a fossil fuel is used to produce superheated steam which in a power plant, for example, can then supplied to a steam turbine for power generation.
  • steam generators are normally implemented as water tube boilers, i.e. the water supplied flows in a number of tubes which absorb energy in the form of radiant heat of the burner flames and/or by convection from the flue gas produced during combustion.
  • the steam generator tubes are usually welded together in a gas-tight manner to form the combustion chamber wall.
  • steam generator tubes disposed in the waste gas duct can also be provided.
  • Fossil fired steam generators can be categorized on the basis of a large number of criteria: based on the flow direction of the gas stream, steam generators can be subdivided, for example, into vertical and horizontal types. In the case of fossil fired steam generators of vertical design, a distinction is usually drawn between single-pass and two-pass boilers.
  • a horizontal gas duct leading into a vertical gas duct is mounted in an upper region downstream of the combustion chamber on the flue gas side.
  • the gas usually flows vertically from top to bottom. Therefore, in the two-pass boiler, multiple flow baffling of the flue gas takes place. Advantages of this design are, for example, the lower installed height and the resulting reduced manufacturing costs.
  • Steam generators may also be designed as natural circulation, forced circulation or once-through steam generators.
  • a once-through steam generator the heating of a number of evaporator tubes results in complete evaporation of the flow medium in the evaporator tubes in one pass.
  • the flow medium usually water
  • the flow medium is fed to superheater tubes downstream of the evaporator tubes where it is superheated.
  • this description is valid only at partial loads with subcritical pressure of water (P Kri ⁇ 221 bar) in the evaporator—at which there is no temperature at which water and steam can be present simultaneously and therefore also no phase separation is possible.
  • this representation will be used consistently in the following description.
  • the position of the evaporation end point i.e. the location at which the water content of the flow is completely evaporated, is variable and dependent on the operating mode.
  • the evaporation end point is, for example, in an end region of the evaporator tubes, so that the superheating of the evaporated flow medium begins even in the evaporator tubes.
  • a once-through steam generator is not subject to pressure limiting, so that it can be designed for main steam pressures well above the critical pressure of water.
  • a once-through steam generator of this kind is usually operated with a minimum flow of flow medium in the evaporator tubes in order to ensure reliable cooling of the evaporator tubes.
  • the pure mass flow through the evaporator is usually no longer sufficient to cool the evaporator tubes, so that an additional throughput of flow medium is superimposed in a circulating manner on the flow medium passing through the evaporator.
  • the operatively provided minimum flow of flow medium in the evaporator tubes is therefore not completely evaporated in the evaporator tubes during startup or light load operation, so that unevaporated flow medium, in particular a water-steam mixture, is still present at the end of the evaporator tubes during such an operating mode.
  • once-through steam generators are generally designed such that water is reliably prevented from entering the superheater tubes even during startup or light load operation.
  • the evaporator tubes are normally connected to the superheater tubes mounted downstream thereof via a moisture separation system.
  • the moisture separator is used to separate the water-steam mixture exiting the evaporator tubes during startup or light load operation into water and steam.
  • the steam is fed to the superheater tubes mounted downstream of the moisture separator, whereas the separated water is returned to the evaporator tubes e.g. via a circulating pump or can be drained off via a flash tank.
  • the above mentioned concept causes high temperature differences between evaporator tubes and superheater tubes: during cold starting, as yet unevaporated flow medium flows in the evaporator tubes at saturation temperature, while steam at higher temperature is still present in the superheater tubes.
  • the evaporator tubes are filled with cold feedwater, while the superheater tubes are still at operating temperature level. This can result in overloading and damage of the materials due to the differential thermal expansion.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to specify a once-through steam generator of the above mentioned type requiring comparatively low repair costs and having a comparatively long service life.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by mounting superheater tubes in parallel contiguity with evaporator tubes immediately downstream of the moisture separation system on the flow medium side.
  • the invention is based on the idea that it would be possible to reduce repair costs and increase the service life of the once-through steam generator if damage caused by differential thermal expansion of welded-together steam generator tubes could be minimized.
  • the differential expansion is the result of high temperature differences between the steam generator tubes. Said temperature differences are caused by differential cooling of the steam generator tubes and different temperatures of the flow medium flowing therein and therefore occur in particular at the interface between welded-together evaporator and superheater tubes, as these exhibit a different throughput of flow medium with different temperatures through the intervening moisture separation system particularly during cold and hot starting.
  • the design means that an interface between parallel-welded evaporator and superheater tubes is typical.
  • the steam temperature in the superheater tubes welded parallel with the evaporator tubes must be minimized. This can be achieved by mounting said superheater tubes immediately downstream of the moisture separation system, so that there is no increase in the temperature of the flow medium flowing therein due to additional intervening superheater tubes. This consistently minimizes temperature differences as a cause of damage at the interface.
  • the combustion chamber wall of the once-through steam generator is formed from evaporator tubes and a sidewall of the horizontal gas duct is formed from superheater tubes, the superheater tubes adjacent to the combustion chamber being mounted directly downstream of the moisture separation system on the flow medium side.
  • the top of the once-through steam generator is found from superheater tubes which are disposed immediately downstream of the moisture separation system on the flow medium side.
  • the superheater tubes of the top are mounted parallel with other superheater tubes adjacent to the evaporator tubes. Due to the paralleling of the heating surfaces, such an arrangement is advantageous in respect of the pressure loss to be expected.
  • the advantages achieved with the invention are in particular that by mounting superheater tubes in parallel contiguity with evaporator tubes immediately downstream of the moisture separation system on the flow medium side, the temperature differences between said tubes are consistently minimized. As a result, the differential thermal expansion is minimized and damage and overloading are prevented, in turn resulting in fewer repairs and a longer service life of the once-through steam generator.
  • Such an arrangement is advantageous particularly in the case of once-through steam generators without circulating pump.
  • the absence of circulation results in lower inlet temperatures to the evaporator, smaller steam mass flows and an increase in the firing capacity required at startup.
  • Simulations have shown that particularly for these systems, impermissible temperature differences can occur at the interface between evaporator and superheater tubes if—as hitherto usual—the superheater tubes at the interface are mounted downstream of other superheater tubes, e.g. of the top. Mounting said superheater tubes directly downstream of the moisture separation system effectively prevents these temperature differences.
  • FIGURE schematically illustrates a once-through steam generator of two-pass design.
  • the once-through steam generator 1 comprises a combustion chamber 2 implemented as a vertical gas duct, downstream of which a horizontal gas duct 6 is disposed in an upper region 4 .
  • the horizontal gas duct 6 is connected to another vertical gas duct 8 .
  • a number of burners (not shown in greater detail) are provided which combust liquid or solid fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • the wall 12 of the combustion chamber 2 is formed of steam generator tubes welded together in a gas-tight manner into which a flow medium—usually water—is pumped by a pump (not shown in greater detail), said flow medium being heated by the heat produced by the burners.
  • the steam generator tubes can be oriented either spirally or vertically. In the case of a spiral arrangement, although comparatively greater design complexity is required, the resulting heating differences between parallel tubes are comparatively lower than with a vertically tubed combustion chamber 2 .
  • the once-through steam generator 1 shown also comprises a projection 14 forming a direct transition to the bottom 16 of the horizontal gas duct 6 and extending into the combustion chamber 2 .
  • the steam generator tubes of the combustion chamber 2 are designed as evaporator tubes.
  • the flow medium is first evaporated therein and fed via outlet headers 20 to the moisture separation system 22 .
  • the moisture separation system 22 not yet evaporated water is collected and drained off. This is particularly necessary in startup mode when a larger amount of flow medium must be pumped in to ensure reliable cooling of the evaporator tubes than can be evaporated in one evaporator tube pass.
  • the steam produced is fed to the inlet headers 24 of the downstream superheater tubes which form the top 26 of the once-through steam generator 1 and the walls of the horizontal gas duct 6 .
  • the transition from the sidewalls of the vertical gas duct to the sidewalls of the horizontal gas duct 6 constitutes the interface 18 between evaporator tubes of the combustion chamber wall 12 and superheater tubes in the walls of the horizontal gas duct 6 .
  • these superheater tubes are mounted directly downstream of the moisture separation system 22 via a connecting line 28 .
  • said superheater tubes are only subject to saturated steam and not higher-temperature superheated steam, thereby reducing the temperature.
  • the superheater tubes in the walls of the horizontal gas duct 6 are parallel to those of the top 26 and are flowed through from top to bottom. Thus, in the event of overfeeding of the moisture separation system 22 , unevaporated flow medium in the outlet headers 30 of the superheater tubes can be drained off and flow stagnation cannot occur.
  • the arrangement described minimizes the temperature differences at the interface 18 between the evaporator tubes of the combustion chamber wall 12 and the superheater tubes in the walls of the horizontal gas duct 6 , thereby enabling damage to be effectively prevented. This results in comparatively fewer repairs and a longer service life of the once-through steam generator 1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
US13/062,738 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Continuous steam generator Abandoned US20110162592A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08015871A EP2182278A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Générateur de vapeur en continu
EP08015871.0 2008-09-09
PCT/EP2009/061468 WO2010029022A2 (fr) 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Générateur de vapeur en continu

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110162592A1 true US20110162592A1 (en) 2011-07-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/062,738 Abandoned US20110162592A1 (en) 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Continuous steam generator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20110162592A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2182278A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5345217B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102149970B (fr)
AU (1) AU2009290944B2 (fr)
DK (1) DK2324287T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010029022A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110197830A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-08-18 Brueckner Jan Continuous steam generator
US9671105B2 (en) * 2013-08-06 2017-06-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Continuous flow steam generator with a two-pass boiler design
US9920924B2 (en) * 2016-04-05 2018-03-20 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with steam cooled upper furnace and start-up methods

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009024587A1 (de) * 2009-06-10 2010-12-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufverdampfer
CN114576607B (zh) * 2022-03-09 2023-05-23 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种超临界锅炉顶棚包墙汽水流程实现系统及方法

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EP2324287B1 (fr) 2016-11-02
WO2010029022A3 (fr) 2010-05-27
DK2324287T3 (en) 2017-02-06
EP2182278A1 (fr) 2010-05-05
AU2009290944B2 (en) 2014-04-17
EP2324287A2 (fr) 2011-05-25
WO2010029022A2 (fr) 2010-03-18
AU2009290944A1 (en) 2010-03-18
JP5345217B2 (ja) 2013-11-20
CN102149970B (zh) 2016-08-03
JP2012502250A (ja) 2012-01-26
CN102149970A (zh) 2011-08-10

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