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US20110132607A1 - Apparatus and Technique to Communicate With a Tubing-Conveyed Perforating Gun - Google Patents

Apparatus and Technique to Communicate With a Tubing-Conveyed Perforating Gun Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110132607A1
US20110132607A1 US12/632,083 US63208309A US2011132607A1 US 20110132607 A1 US20110132607 A1 US 20110132607A1 US 63208309 A US63208309 A US 63208309A US 2011132607 A1 US2011132607 A1 US 2011132607A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gun
string
orientation
perforating gun
indication
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/632,083
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English (en)
Inventor
Guillaume Lahitette
Robert J. Ingham
Michael J. Bertoja
Vincent Pequignot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schlumberger Technology Corp
Original Assignee
Schlumberger Technology Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schlumberger Technology Corp filed Critical Schlumberger Technology Corp
Priority to US12/632,083 priority Critical patent/US20110132607A1/en
Assigned to SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION reassignment SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INGHAM, ROBERT, PEQUIGNOT, VINCENT, BERTOJA, MICHAEL J., LAHITETTE, GUILLAUME
Priority to GB1209706.9A priority patent/GB2489125A/en
Priority to BR112012013635A priority patent/BR112012013635A2/pt
Priority to PCT/US2010/059076 priority patent/WO2011071809A1/en
Publication of US20110132607A1 publication Critical patent/US20110132607A1/en
Priority to NO20120677A priority patent/NO20120677A1/no
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to an apparatus and technique to communicate with a tubing conveyed perforating gun.
  • the formation typically is perforated from within a wellbore to enhance fluid communication between the reservoir and the wellbore.
  • a perforating gun typically is lowered downhole (on a string, for example) inside the wellbore to the region of the formation to be perforated.
  • the perforating gun typically contains perforating charges (shaped charges, for example) that are arranged in a phasing pattern about the longitudinal axis of the gun and are radially oriented toward the wellbore wall. The perforating charges are fired to pierce the well casing string (if the well is cased) and produce radially extending perforation tunnels into the formation.
  • the manner in which a perforating operation is conducted also depends on the type of perforating gun.
  • the positioning of a conventional tubing conveyed perforating (TCP) gun typically is controlled solely on logs and other data that are obtained prior to the perforating operation.
  • parts of the operations' success and performance typically are assessed after the job, i.e., after the gun string is pulled out of hole and other services are performed (a production logging tool to measure downhole flow rates, for example).
  • a technique that is usable with a well includes providing a string that includes a tubing conveyed perforating (TCP) gun.
  • the technique includes using a downhole component of the string to communicate uphole an indication of at least a depth or an orientation of the gun.
  • a system usable with a well includes a string that is to be disposed in the well.
  • a TCP gun and a transmitter are disposed in the string.
  • the transmitter communicates uphole an indication of at least a depth or an orientation of the TCP gun.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 are schematic diagrams of tubing conveyed perforating (TCP) gun systems according to different examples.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram depicting a technique to position and fire a TCP gun according to different examples.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram depicting a technique to position and fire multiple TCP guns according to an example.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an example of a tubing conveyed perforating (TCP) system 5 according to an example.
  • the TCP system 5 includes a tubing string 14 that extends downhole into a wellbore 11 .
  • the tubing string 14 may be one of many different types of tubing strings, such as a production tubing string, a test string, a drill stem test (DST) string, etc.
  • the tubing string 14 includes at least one TCP perforating gun, such as a TCP gun 30 that is depicted in FIG. 1 .
  • a “TCP gun” means a perforating gun that is constructed to be fired in response to a pressure-based stimulus or pressure-based stimuli that are communicated downhole through a central passageway of a tubing string from the surface of the well to a position near (within 10 feet, for example) or at the TCP gun.
  • the pressure stimulus or stimuli may be in the form of command-encoded pressure pulses, absolute pressures, differential pressures, etc.
  • the perforating charges of the TCP gun 30 may be fired by increasing the internal pressure of the tubing string 14 above a threshold, such that the TCP gun 30 responds to the increased pressure level by firing its perforating charges.
  • the string 14 includes a downhole telemetry system 20 for purposes of establishing uphole communication
  • the uphole communication may involve, for example, the use of pressure-based stimuli that are communicated uphole through the string, for example, as well as the use of other types of stimuli (acoustic stimuli, electromagnetic stimuli, electrical stimuli, etc.) that may or may not be communicated through the string 14 .
  • FIG. 1 depicts the tubing string 14 as extending downhole inside a borehole 11 that is cased by a casing string 13
  • FIG. 1 is merely an example of one out of many possible implementations of a TCP system.
  • the wellbore in which the TCP gun 30 extends may be cased or uncased, depending on the particular implementation.
  • the TCP gun 30 may extend in a deviated or highly deviated lateral wellbore, in accordance with other implementations.
  • the TCP perforating system 5 may be used in a terrestrial-based subterranean well or in a subsea well, depending on the particular implementation.
  • the TCP gun 30 Before the perforating charges of the TCP gun 30 are fired, the TCP gun 30 is first run downhole as part of the string and using real time position feedback that is provided by the downhole telemetry system 20 (as described below), the TCP gun 30 is appropriately positioned. Thus, in contrast to conventional TCP systems, the TCP gun 30 is not blindly positioned; but rather, real time downhole position feedback is provided, which permits an operator at the surface of the well to monitor the feedback and make the necessary adjustments to precisely position the gun 30 .
  • the TCP gun's “position” refers to the angular orientation of the TCP gun 30 (i.e., the azimuth, or angle, of the TCP gun 30 about the gun's longitudinal axis 19 and referred to herein as the gun's “orientation”) and the depth of the gun 30 .
  • the downhole telemetry system 20 is positioned downhole near (within ten feet, for example) the TCP gun 30 and is constructed to communicate with a telemetry system 12 that is disposed at the surface of the well.
  • the communication between the telemetry systems 12 and 20 may occur through the tubing string 14 (acoustic or fluid pulse-type communication), for example; through wired communication lines; through electromagnetic (EM) communication telemetry through signals 16 and 17 as depicted in FIG. 1 ; or through another type of wireless or wired telemetry communication scheme or medium, depending on the particular implementation.
  • EM electromagnetic
  • a transmitter 27 of the downhole telemetry system 20 is constructed to generate stimuli (pressure stimuli, acoustic stimuli, electrical stimuli, electromagnetic (EM) stimuli, etc) that are received by the surface telemetry system 12 for purposes of communicating an indication of the position (orientation and/or depth) of the TCP gun 30 to the surface of the well in real time.
  • the transmitter 27 may communicate indications of the orientation and depth of the TCP gun 30 to the surface telemetry system 12 . Therefore, an operator at the surface of the well may, based on the received position of the TCP gun 30 , take appropriate measures to ensure that the TCP gun 30 is at the appropriate position before undertaking measures to fire perforating charges of the gun 30 .
  • the downhole telemetry system 20 may also include a receiver 28 .
  • the receiver 28 may communicate with the surface telemetry system 12 for purposes of receiving command-encoded stimuli that direct positioning of the TCP 30 , in accordance with some implementations.
  • commands are not communicated downhole for purposes of changing the position of the TCP gun 30 ; but rather, the string 14 is physically manipulated to change the gun's position, as further described below.
  • the receiver 28 may also serve the dual function of receiving a pressure stimulus that encodes a command to fire the gun's perforating charges, although a separate receiver (not shown in FIG. 1 ) may be part of the TCP gun for this purpose, in other implementations.
  • the tubing string 14 may include other devices related to providing feedback of the TCP gun's position and positioning the gun 30 .
  • the tubing string 14 may include a downhole stored energy source, such as a battery 22 , for purposes of supplying power to the electrical components of the string 14 , such as the downhole telemetry system 20 .
  • the battery 22 may supply power to other components of the tubing string 14 , such as a depth measuring device 24 , an orientation sensing device 33 , a gun orienting device 31 (if an active power consuming device) and other power consuming components of the TCP gun 30 , as non-limiting examples.
  • the depth measuring device 24 may take on numerous forms, such as a casing collar locator (CCL), a gamma ray device, etc., depending on the particular implementation.
  • CCL casing collar locator
  • gamma ray device e.g., a gamma ray device
  • the depth measuring device 24 is therefore constructed to provide an indication of the depth of the perforating gun 30 and interact with the transmitter 27 for purposes of communicating an indication of the depth of the TCP gun 30 to the surface of the well in real time.
  • the orientation-sensing device 33 senses the angular orientation of the TCP gun 30 .
  • the orientation-sensing device 33 may be a gyroscope in one implementation.
  • the signal that is provided by the orientation-sensing device 33 is provided to the transmitter 27 , which relays the signal to the surface of the well in real time.
  • the gun orienting device 31 is an active orienting device that orients the TCP gun based on a command that is communicated downhole and received by the receiver 28 . More specifically, in some implementations, the gun orienting device responds to command-encoded stimuli that are transmitted from the surface to incrementally or absolutely orient the TCP gun 30 .
  • the orienting device 31 may include an electric motor (as a non-limiting example), which receives electric power from the battery 22 and a command interface (not shown) to receive signals that are received by the downhole telemetry system 20 .
  • the command interface decodes any commands for the device 31 and generates the appropriate control signals for the motor to rotate the TCP gun 30 by the desired position.
  • the surface telemetry system 12 and the downhole telemetry system 20 may communicate wirelessly using extremely low frequency electromagnetic (EM) signals.
  • the bidirectional signals 16 and 17 which are communicated between the telemetry systems 12 and 20 , may employ electromagnetic carrier waves that have frequencies in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 Hertz (Hz).
  • the frequency range may be in the range of 0.25 to 8 Hz, as a non-limiting example.
  • the distance between the telemetry systems 12 and 20 may be between approximately 3000 meters (m), in some implementations, although larger or smaller distances may exist in other applications.
  • the EM communication between the telemetry systems 12 and 20 is accomplished by the injection of a modulated current into the formation via an electrical dipole.
  • the voltage difference induced by the circulating current is measured along the walls of the casing string 12 by a repeater or between the well head and a remote stake at the surface.
  • the voltage is demodulated to extract the information from the signal.
  • the communication itself may be based on phase modulation of the injected current, although other types of modulation (frequency modulation, for example) may be used in other implementations.
  • the bit rate may be approximately one bit per second, and data frames in the messages may be approximately one minute in length, although other data rates and frame rates are contemplated in other implementations.
  • a technique 100 may be used for purposes of positioning and firing the TCP gun 30 .
  • a string containing a TCP gun is run into a well, pursuant to block 104 .
  • a procedure then begins to properly position the TCP gun at the appropriate orientation and depth.
  • an indication of at least a depth or orientation of the gun is communicated in real time from a location downhole near the gun to a location near the surface of the well, pursuant to block 108 .
  • the TCP gun 30 may be oriented by using a passive orientation system, such as swivels and weights, instead of the active orientation system that is described above.
  • the string 14 may be lifted, run further downhole and/or rotated to adjust the orientation of the TCP gun 30 based on the indication of the gun's orientation that is provided in real time by the downhole telemetry system 20 . In this manner, adjusting the depth of the string 14 also adjusts the rotation of the TCP gun 30 due to the changing inclination of the wellbore 11 .
  • FIG. 1 depicts a TCP system 5 for a single TCP gun
  • the systems and techniques that are disclosed herein may likewise be applied to a tubing string 202 that contains multiple TCP guns 30 , as depicted in FIG. 3 .
  • the tubing string 202 of a multiple TCP gun perforating system 200 includes two or more perforating units 220 (perforating units 220 1 to 220 N , being depicted as examples in FIG. 3 ), which are spaced apart at desired intervals in the well.
  • each perforating unit 200 includes a TCP gun 30 , a depth measuring device 24 , an orientation-sensing device 33 and an orienting device 31 .
  • the depth measuring device 24 senses the depth of the associated TCP gun 30 and communicates this depth to the transmitter 27 , which, in turn, wirelessly communicates an indication of this depth to the surface in real time.
  • the orientation-sensing device 33 for each unit 220 communicates an indication of the measured orientation of the associated TCP gun 30 and communicates this measured orientation to the transmitter 27 which, in turn, communicates an indication of the orientation to the surface in real time. Additionally, the orienting device 31 of each unit 220 passively or actively orients its associated TCP gun 30 , as described above.
  • each perforating gun unit 220 may include a telemetry system, similar in design to the telemetry system 20 .
  • orienting or depth sensing devices may be shared by one or more TCP guns 30 .
  • a single motor or single weight and swivel system may be used to orient multiple TCP guns 30 .
  • the technique 300 includes running a string that contains multiple TCP guns into a well, pursuant to block 304 .
  • an indication of at least the depth or orientation of the gun is communicated to the surface of the well in real time, pursuant to block 308 .
  • a determination is then made, pursuant to diamond 312 , whether the TCP guns are ready to fire. If so, then the TCP guns are fired, pursuant to block 320 .
  • an indication of at least one command may be wirelessly communicated downhole to regulate the orientation of the gun, pursuant to block 314 .
  • the string may be physically manipulated to adjust the depth of the guns, pursuant to block 316 .
  • the string may be physically manipulated to control a passive orientation system.
  • FIG. 4 is merely an example, as other variations are contemplated and are within the scope of the appended claims.
  • all of the guns may not be finally positioned before being fired.
  • one or more TCP guns may be positioned and then fired, another set of one or more TCP guns may then be positioned and fired, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
  • Image Generation (AREA)
US12/632,083 2009-12-07 2009-12-07 Apparatus and Technique to Communicate With a Tubing-Conveyed Perforating Gun Abandoned US20110132607A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/632,083 US20110132607A1 (en) 2009-12-07 2009-12-07 Apparatus and Technique to Communicate With a Tubing-Conveyed Perforating Gun
GB1209706.9A GB2489125A (en) 2009-12-07 2010-12-06 Apparatus and technique to communicate with a tubing-conveyed perforating gun
BR112012013635A BR112012013635A2 (pt) 2009-12-07 2010-12-06 método utilizável com um poço, e sistema utilizável com um poço.
PCT/US2010/059076 WO2011071809A1 (en) 2009-12-07 2010-12-06 Apparatus and technique to communicate with a tubing-conveyed perforating gun
NO20120677A NO20120677A1 (no) 2009-12-07 2012-06-12 Apparat og teknikk for a kommunisere med en ror-befordret perforeringskanon

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/632,083 US20110132607A1 (en) 2009-12-07 2009-12-07 Apparatus and Technique to Communicate With a Tubing-Conveyed Perforating Gun

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US20110132607A1 true US20110132607A1 (en) 2011-06-09

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US (1) US20110132607A1 (no)
BR (1) BR112012013635A2 (no)
GB (1) GB2489125A (no)
NO (1) NO20120677A1 (no)
WO (1) WO2011071809A1 (no)

Cited By (14)

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US20120193143A1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2012-08-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Pre-verification of perforation alignment
WO2014153657A1 (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Evolution Engineering Inc. Electromagnetic communications system and method for a drilling operation
US20160017706A1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2016-01-21 Evolution Engineering Inc. System and method for regulating an electromagnetic telemetry signal sent from downhole to surface
US10138713B2 (en) 2014-09-08 2018-11-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Autonomous wellbore devices with orientation-regulating structures and systems and methods including the same
US10323505B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2019-06-18 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Radioactive tag detection for downhole positioning
WO2019139710A1 (en) * 2018-01-11 2019-07-18 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Downhole position measurement using wireless transmitters and receivers
US10689955B1 (en) * 2019-03-05 2020-06-23 SWM International Inc. Intelligent downhole perforating gun tube and components
WO2020251538A1 (en) * 2019-06-10 2020-12-17 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Oriented detection perforating device
US11078762B2 (en) 2019-03-05 2021-08-03 Swm International, Llc Downhole perforating gun tube and components
US12291945B1 (en) 2019-03-05 2025-05-06 Swm International, Llc Downhole perforating gun system
US20250223891A1 (en) * 2024-01-08 2025-07-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Systems and methods for real time oil tool orientation detection
US12410690B2 (en) 2021-12-09 2025-09-09 XConnect, LLC Orienting perforating gun system, and method of orienting shots in a perforating gun assembly
US12442278B2 (en) 2023-04-20 2025-10-14 XConnect , LLC Tandem sub for a perforating gun assembly
US12509971B2 (en) 2023-04-20 2025-12-30 XConnect , LLC Roller bearing assembly, and method of grounding a perforating gun assembly

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GB2489125A (en) 2012-09-19

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