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US20110041488A1 - Exhaust system of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Exhaust system of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110041488A1
US20110041488A1 US12/673,946 US67394608A US2011041488A1 US 20110041488 A1 US20110041488 A1 US 20110041488A1 US 67394608 A US67394608 A US 67394608A US 2011041488 A1 US2011041488 A1 US 2011041488A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
extension chamber
exhaust gas
combustion engine
internal combustion
reducing agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/673,946
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English (en)
Inventor
Yuki Bisaiji
Mikio Inoue
Koichiro Fukuda
Satoru Nitta
Kiyohiko Nagae
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Assigned to TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NITTA, SATORU, NAGAE, KIYOHIKO, FUKUDA, KOICHIRO, INOUE, MIKIO, BISAIJI, YUKI
Publication of US20110041488A1 publication Critical patent/US20110041488A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3141—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4332—Mixers with a strong change of direction in the conduit for homogenizing the flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4335—Mixers with a converging-diverging cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4338—Mixers with a succession of converging-diverging cross-sections, i.e. undulating cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2490/00—Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
    • F01N2490/16—Chambers with particular shapes, e.g. spherical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2490/00—Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
    • F01N2490/18—Dimensional characteristics of gas chambers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-207442
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-322327
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-290993
  • Patent Document 4 Japanese Translation of PCT Application No. 2004-510909
  • the axis of the extension chamber and the axis of the exhaust pipe are arranged on substantially the same line.
  • the exhaust gas flowing from the exhaust pipe into the extension chamber tends to be partially localized to a certain portion (i.e. a certain portion in a cross sectional plane perpendicular to the direction of the exhaust gas flow) rather than dispersed with respect to radial directions.
  • Such localization of the distribution of the exhaust gas flow rate is considered to become remarkable during the time of high speed operations in which the inertial force of the exhaust gas is large.
  • the inertial force of the reducing agent is larger than the inertial force of the exhaust gas, and consequently the reducing agent tends to concentrate to a portion of the exhaust gas purification apparatus. If the reducing agent concentrates to a portion of the exhaust gas purification apparatus, the purification capability of the exhaust gas purification apparatus cannot be fully made use of, and the reducing agent may fail to be consumed usefully.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above described situations and has an object to provide a technology with which the purification capability of the exhaust gas purification apparatus can be effectively made use of.
  • an extension chamber is provided downstream of the position at which the reducing agent supply apparatus supplies the reducing agent to the exhaust gas and upstream of the exhaust gas purification apparatus so that a plurality of flows are generated in the extension chamber.
  • an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine comprises:
  • an extension chamber provided in the middle of the exhaust pipe upstream of the exhaust gas purification apparatus, the extension chamber having an exhaust gas channel with a cross sectional area larger than a cross sectional area of the passage of the exhaust pipe;
  • a reducing agent supply apparatus that supplies a reducing agent to exhaust gas flowing into said extension chamber
  • said extension chamber is provided with a back step flow creating portion that creates a back step flow of exhaust gas in the interior space of said extension chamber and a swirling flow creating portion that changes the flow of exhaust gas flowing into the interior space of said extension chamber into a swirling flow.
  • a back step flow is created.
  • the exhaust gas and the reducing agent flowing in the vicinity of the inner wall surface of the exhaust pipe are diffused and dispersed toward the periphery of the extension chamber. This leads to a decrease in the degree of convergence of the stream containing the exhaust gas and the reducing agent.
  • the exhaust gas and the reducing agent flowing into the interior of the extension chamber tend to flow basically straightly along the inflowing direction by inertia, but their flow is changed into a swirling flow by the swirling flow creating portion.
  • the change of the flow of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent into the swirling flow promotes the mixing of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent.
  • turbulence occurs in the interior space of the extension chamber.
  • partial localization of the distribution of the flow rate of the exhaust gas is eliminated, and the exhaust gas and the reducing agent are mixed uniformly. Consequently, the exhaust gas and the reducing agent are likely to extend uniformly in the entire of the exhaust gas purification apparatus.
  • the back step flow creating portion may be, for example, an inlet port that brings the interior of the exhaust pipe located upstream of the extension chamber and the interior space of said extension chamber into communication with each other through a step.
  • the back step flow is created as the exhaust gas and the reducing agent pass through the step.
  • the swirling flow creating portion may be, for example, a guide wall surface that is oriented obliquely to the inflowing direction of the exhaust gas flowing into the extension chamber.
  • the most part of the exhaust gas flowing from the exhaust pipe into the extension chamber (in particular, the exhaust gas flowing in the vicinity of the center axis of the exhaust pipe) travels substantially straightly in said inflowing direction and strikes the guide wall surface. Since the guide wall surface is oriented obliquely to said inflowing direction, the flow of the exhaust gas is then guided by the guide wall surface to change into a swirling flow.
  • the extension chamber according to the present invention may be disposed in such a way that the axis of the extension chamber is oriented obliquely to the inflowing direction of the exhaust gas flowing into the extension chamber.
  • the inner wall surface of the extension chamber is oriented obliquely to the exhaust gas inflowing direction.
  • the inner wall surface of the extension chamber can function as the aforementioned guide wall surface.
  • a projection or recess having a wall surface that is oriented obliquely to the inflowing direction of the exhaust gas flowing into the extension chamber may be provided on the inner wall surface of the extension chamber according to the present invention.
  • the wall surface of the projection or recess can function as the aforementioned guide wall surface.
  • the aforementioned projection or recess may extend helically. In this case, the exhaust gas flowing into the extension chamber will swirl helically.
  • the inlet port of the extension chamber according to the present invention may be designed in such a way as to make the inner bottom surface of the exhaust pipe and the bottom surface of the interior space of the extension chamber continuous with each other without a step therebetween.
  • the step of the inlet port may be provided only in the portion other than the portion by which the inner bottom surface of the exhaust pipe and the bottom surface of the interior space of the extension chamber are connected.
  • the bottom surface includes the surface that is located lowest when the exhaust gas purification system is mounted on a vehicle, and surfaces in the vicinity of this surface.
  • a step is present between the inner bottom surface of the exhaust pipe and the bottom surface of the interior space of the extension chamber, liquid reducing agent that has not evaporated and condensed water may be stored on the step.
  • the step is provided only in the portion other than the portion by which the inner bottom surface of the exhaust pipe and the bottom surface of the interior space of the extension chamber are connected, the above described problem can be prevented from occurring.
  • the distance along the direction of flow of the exhaust gas over which a back step flow(s) can be created is approximately equal to seven times the height of the step. Therefore, the distance from the upstream end of the interior space of the extension chamber to the downstream end thereof may be designed to be equal to or smaller than seven times the height of the step. In this case, back step flow(s) can be created in substantially the entire region in the interior space of the extension chamber from its upstream end to downstream end. Consequently, the diffusion of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent can be enhanced without an unduly large increase in the size of the extension chamber.
  • the extension chamber according to the present invention may be configured to have a hollow cylindrical shape.
  • the inner wall surface of the extension chamber is a curved surface, an increase in the pressure loss and an increase in the noise that will be caused when the exhaust gas strikes the inner wall surface of the extension chamber can be minimized.
  • the extension chamber can be manufactured easily.
  • an outlet port that brings the interior space of the extension chamber into communication with the exhaust pipe disposed downstream of the extension chamber may be provided in such a way that the opening area of the outlet port is disposed at a position offset from the region defined by extending the opening area of the inlet port. This is because if at least a portion of the opening area of the outlet port overlaps the region defined by extending the opening area of the inlet port, a portion of the exhaust gas flowing into the extension chamber through the inlet port may travel straightly to the outlet port.
  • the purification capability of an exhaust gas purification apparatus provided in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine can be efficiently made use of.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing the overall configuration of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing flows of the exhaust gas in the extension chamber according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an undesirable construction of the extension chamber.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a desirable construction of the extension chamber.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an alternative construction of the extension chamber according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a horizontal cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing flows of the exhaust gas in the extension chamber according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a horizontal cross sectional view showing an alternative construction (1) of the extension chamber according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a horizontal cross sectional view showing an alternative construction (2) of the extension chamber according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a vertical cross sectional view showing an alternative construction (1) of the extension chamber according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a vertical cross sectional view showing an alternative construction (2) of the extension chamber according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber according to a fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a vertical cross sectional view showing an alternative construction of the extension chamber according to the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber according to a fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a resonator.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram showing another arrangement of a resonator.
  • FIG. 19 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber according to a sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a vertical cross sectional view showing an alternative construction of the extension chamber according to the sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of the extension chamber and the exhaust pipes according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram showing flows of the exhaust gas in the extension chamber according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 24 is a horizontal cross sectional view showing an alternative construction of the extension chamber according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram showing another embodiment (1) of the extension chamber.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram showing another embodiment (2) of the extension chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
  • an exhaust pipe 2 is connected to an internal combustion engine 1 .
  • the exhaust pipe 2 is connected to an extension chamber 3 .
  • the extension chamber 3 is in communication with an exhaust gas purification apparatus 5 via an exhaust pipe 4 .
  • the exhaust pipe 2 will be referred to as the upstream exhaust pipe 2
  • the exhaust pipe 4 will be referred to as the downstream exhaust pipe 4 .
  • the aforementioned exhaust gas purification apparatus 5 has any one of a configuration in which an NOx storage reduction catalyst is housed in a casing, a configuration in which an NOx storage reduction catalyst and a particulate filter are housed in a casing, and a configuration in which an oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter are housed in a casing.
  • a reducing agent addition valve 6 that supplies a reducing agent to the exhaust gas flowing in the upstream exhaust pipe 2 is attached to the upstream exhaust pipe 2 .
  • the reducing agent addition valve 6 is an embodiment of the reducing agent supply apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the reducing agent addition valve 6 adds a reducing agent such as fuel or urea to the exhaust gas when NOx stored in the exhaust gas purification apparatus 5 is to be removed by reduction, when SOx stored in the exhaust gas purification catalyst 5 is to be removed by reduction, or when PM trapped in the exhaust gas purification apparatus 5 is to be removed by oxidation.
  • a reducing agent such as fuel or urea
  • the distribution of the flow rate of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent tends to be partially localized to a portion in a cross section perpendicular to the direction of flow of the exhaust gas.
  • the distribution of the flow rate of the exhaust gas tends to concentrate to a central portion of the aforementioned cross section.
  • the reducing agent tends to flow on the inner bottom surface of the exhaust pipe. If the distribution of the flow rate of the exhaust gas and the distribution of the flow rate of the reducing agent are partially localized to a portion, there arises a situation in which the distribution of the flow rate of the exhaust gas concentrate to a central portion of the exhaust gas purification apparatus and the distribution of the flow rate of the reducing agent concentrate to the bottom portion of the exhaust gas purification apparatus.
  • a conceivable method of preventing this situation from occurring would be to provide a dispersing plate in the flow channel upstream of the exhaust gas purification apparatus so as to uniformly mix the exhaust gas and the reducing agent and to eliminate partial localization of the distribution of the flow rate of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent.
  • the dispersing plate since the dispersing plate provides a resistance against the flow of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent, it may cause a rise in the back pressure.
  • An alternative conceivable method would be to provide the exhaust pipe with an extension chamber with an interior space having a cross sectional area larger than the cross sectional area of the passage in the exhaust pipe, at a certain position upstream of the exhaust gas purification apparatus.
  • the partial localization of the distribution of the flow rate of the exhaust gas may fail to be eliminated when the inertial force of the exhaust gas is large, as is the case when the internal combustion engine is operating at high speed.
  • This problem may be solved by increasing the length and/or cross sectional area of the extension chamber, but this solution will lead to a deterioration in the in-vehicle mountability.
  • the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine is designed in such a way that back step flow and a swirling flow of the exhaust gas are generated in the interior of the extension chamber 3 .
  • the uniform mixing of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent can be facilitated, and the partial localization of the distribution of the flow rate can be eliminated without an increase in the size of the extension chamber 3 .
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber 3 .
  • the extension chamber 3 shown in FIG. 2 is composed of a hollow cylindrical member 30 having an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 .
  • the cylindrical member 30 is disposed in such a way that virtual line L 1 drawn by extending the axis of the cylindrical member 30 and the direction of flow of the exhaust gas flowing into the cylindrical member 30 (that is, in this case, virtual line L 2 drawn by extending the axis of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 ) cross each other obliquely.
  • the aforementioned cylindrical member 30 is disposed in such a way that the virtual line L 2 drawn by extending the axis of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 intersects the inner circumferential wall surface 31 of the cylindrical member 30 obliquely.
  • an inlet port 33 that allows the exhaust gas to flow from the upstream exhaust pipe 2 into the interior of the cylindrical member 30 .
  • an outlet port 35 that allows the exhaust gas to flow from the interior of the cylindrical member 30 into the downstream exhaust pipe 4 .
  • the end wall 32 on which the inlet port 33 is provided will be referred to as the upstream end wall 32
  • the end wall 34 on which the outlet port 35 is provided will be referred to as the downstream end wall 34 .
  • the inlet port 33 has a step by which an inner diameter equal to that of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 is stepped up substantially vertically to an inner diameter equal to that of the extension chamber 3 . This step corresponds to the back step flow creating portion according to the present invention.
  • the outlet port 35 is connected with the downstream exhaust pipe 4 .
  • the outlet port 35 has a step by which an inner diameter equal to that of the extension chamber 3 is stepped down substantially vertically to an inner diameter equal to that of the downstream exhaust pipe 4 .
  • the swirling flow Fs promotes the uniform mixing of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent.
  • the reducing agent flowing in the bottom portion in the upstream exhaust pipe 2 is diffused and dispersed as it is brought upward by the aforementioned swirling flow Fs.
  • turbulence occurs in the extension chamber 3 .
  • the turbulence further promotes the uniform mixing of the reducing agent and the exhaust gas, and eliminates the partial localization of the distribution of the flow rate of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent.
  • the gas flowing out of the outlet port 35 of the extension chamber 3 into the downstream exhaust pipe 4 contains the exhaust gas and the reducing agent that are mixed uniformly, and a stream free from the partial localization of the distribution of the flow rate is created. Therefore, the exhaust gas and the reducing agent will extend uniformly in the entire of the exhaust gas purification apparatus 5 . Consequently, the purification capability of the exhaust gas purification apparatus 5 can be efficiently made use of.
  • Effective back step flow and swirling flow may fail to be created only by arranging the cylindrical member 30 constituting the extension chamber 3 obliquely with respect to the upstream exhaust pipe 2 .
  • the exhaust gas flowing into the cylindrical member 30 through the inlet port 33 may travel straightly to the outlet port 35 , or the exhaust gas flowing into the cylindrical member 30 through the inlet port 33 may strike the downstream end wall 34 substantially vertically to cause an increase in the pressure loss.
  • the region R defined by extending the opening area of the inlet port 33 include only the inner circumferential wall surface 31 of the cylindrical member 30 .
  • the extension chamber 3 may be designed in such a way as to satisfy the following formula (1):
  • A is the length of the interior space of the cylindrical member 30 along the axial direction
  • C is the inner diameter of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 (i.e. the diameter of the opening area of the inlet port 33 )
  • D is the height of the step of the inlet port 33
  • ⁇ is the inclination angle of the cylindrical member 30 with respect to the upstream exhaust pipe 2 (i.e. the angle of intersection of the aforementioned virtual lines L 1 and L 2 ) (see FIG. 5 ).
  • the quantity of the exhaust gas traveling straightly from the inlet port 33 to the outlet port 35 can be made as small as possible. In other words, substantially the entire portion of the exhaust gas flowing through the inlet port 33 into the cylindrical member 30 strikes the inner circumferential wall surface 31 obliquely to create the swirling flow.
  • the distance along the axial direction of the cylindrical member 30 over which back step flows can be created is approximately equal to seven times the height D of the step. Therefore, the length A of the interior of the cylindrical member 30 along the axial direction may be designed to be equal to or smaller than seven times the height D of the step (A ⁇ 7D).
  • the back step flows can be created in substantially the entire region inside the cylindrical member 30 from its upstream end to downstream end. Consequently, the diffusion of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent can be enhanced without an unnecessary increase in the size of the extension chamber 3 .
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the maximum distance that the back step flows can reach with respect to the vertical direction is approximately equal to three times the inner diameter C of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 . Therefore, if the inner diameter B of the cylindrical member 30 is designed to be larger than three times the inner diameter C of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 , a pressure loss may occur. On the other hand, if the inner diameter B of the cylindrical member 30 is designed to be excessively small, the back step flows may merge into the mainstream of the exhaust gas (i.e. the stream traveling along the axis of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 ) to disappear. Therefore, the inner diameter of the cylindrical member 30 may be designed in such a way that the following formula (2) be satisfied:
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus 5 may be provided in the neighborhood of the outlet port 35 in the interior of the cylindrical member 30 as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9 .
  • the features that are different from those in the first embodiment will be described, and a description of like features will be omitted.
  • FIG. 7 is a horizontal cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber 3 in this embodiment.
  • the inlet port 33 of the extension chamber 3 is arranged in such a way that the axis L 4 of the inlet port 33 is offset from the axis L 3 of the cylindrical member 30 with respect to the horizontal direction.
  • the features other than this are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the exhaust gas flowing from the upstream exhaust pipe 2 into the cylindrical member 30 through the inlet port 33 strikes the inner circumferential wall surface 31 of the cylindrical member 30 , and consequently a swirling flow Fv that helically swirls around the axis of the cylindrical member 30 is created as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the same effect can also be achieved by making the inflowing angle of the exhaust gas flowing from the upstream exhaust pipe 2 into the cylindrical member 30 skew as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the effect similar to that of the construction shown in FIG. 7 can be achieved by arranging the inlet port 33 in such a way that the axis L 4 of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 intersects obliquely with the axis L 3 of the cylindrical member 30 with respect to the horizontal direction.
  • the effect similar to that of the construction shown in FIG. 7 may be achieved by providing projections (or grooves) 36 that extend helically on the inner circumferential wall surface 31 of the cylindrical member 30 , as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13 .
  • the features that are different from those in the first embodiment will be described, and a description of like features will be omitted.
  • FIG. 11 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber 3 in this embodiment.
  • the inlet port 33 has a cylindrical projecting pipe 37 that projects into the interior of the cylindrical member 30 .
  • the inner diameter of the projecting pipe 37 is equal to the inner diameter of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 .
  • the length of projection of the projecting pipe 37 is larger in its upper portion than in its lower portion.
  • the outlet port 35 has a cylindrical projecting pipe 37 that projects into the interior of the cylindrical member 30 .
  • the inner diameter of the projecting pipe 38 is equal to the inner diameter of the downstream exhaust pipe 4 .
  • the length of projection of the projecting pipe 38 is larger in its lower portion than in its upper portion.
  • the inlet port 33 is arranged at a position lower than the outlet port 35 (in other words, a case in which the upstream end wall 32 of the cylindrical member 30 is arranged to be lower than the downstream end wall 34 ) has been described by way of example.
  • the inlet port 33 is arranged at a position higher than the outlet port 35 (see FIG. 12 )
  • the length of projection in the lower portion of the projecting pipe 37 should be larger than the length of projection in its upper portion
  • the length of projection in the lower portion of the projecting pipe 38 should be smaller than the length of projection in its upper portion.
  • annular projection 39 may be provided on the inner circumferential wall surface 31 of the cylindrical member 30 (see FIG. 13 ).
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15 .
  • the features that are different from those in the first embodiment will be described, and a description of like features will be omitted.
  • FIG. 14 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber 3 in this embodiment.
  • a plurality of annular stepped portions 40 extending along the circumferential direction are provided on the inner circumferential wall surface 31 of the cylindrical member 30 that constitutes the extension chamber 3 .
  • the extension chamber 3 having the above-described construction, the length of the inner circumferential wall surface 31 from its upstream end to downstream end increases, and therefore evaporation of the reducing agent in the extension chamber 3 can be facilitated.
  • the liquid reducing agent may flow on the inner circumferential wall surface 31 .
  • the liquid reducing agent evaporates as it flows on the circumferential wall surface 31 from its upstream end to downstream end, wherein the larger the length of the inner circumferential wall surface 31 from its upstream end to downstream end is, the larger the amount of the evaporation will be.
  • the amount of evaporated reducing agent can be increased by providing the aforementioned stepped portions 40 to increase the length of the inner circumferential wall surface 31 from its upstream end to downstream end.
  • back step flows of the exhaust gas are created at the stepped portions 40 , whereby the above-described evaporation of the liquid reducing agent is promoted. Even in cases where the flow speed of the exhaust gas is low as is the case when the internal combustion engine 1 is operating at low speed, the mixing of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent can be promoted by the back step flows created at the stepped portions 40 .
  • ridge portions 41 as shown in FIG. 15 may be provided on the inner circumferential surface instead of the stepped portions 40 .
  • a swirling flow tends to be created. Therefore, a relatively strong swirling flow can be created in the interior of the cylindrical member 30 even at a time when the flow speed of the exhaust gas is low.
  • FIGS. 16 to 18 A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 18 .
  • the features that are different from those in the first embodiment will be described, and a description of like features will be omitted.
  • FIG. 16 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber 3 in this embodiment.
  • a resonator is provided on the outer circumference of the cylindrical member 30 that defines the extension chamber 3 .
  • the interior of the cylindrical member 30 and the interior of the resonator 42 are in communication with each other via communication holes 43 . It is preferred that the communication holes 43 be provided in such a way that only the exhaust gas can flow through them.
  • the resonator 42 may be provided all along the circumference of the cylindrical member 30 as shown in FIG. 17 , or it may be provided on the regions in which the swirling flow strikes the inner circumferential wall surface 31 (e.g. in the bottom and/or top region) as shown in FIG. 18 . With the construction shown in FIG. 18 , it is possible to reduce noises while minimizing the increase in the size of the extension chamber 3 .
  • FIGS. 19 to 20 A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 to 20 .
  • the features that are different from those in the first embodiment will be described, and a description of like features will be omitted.
  • FIG. 19 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the construction of the extension chamber 3 in this embodiment.
  • the bottom surface of the inlet port 33 is configured to bring the interior of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 into connecting to the inner circumferential wall surface 31 of the cylindrical member 30 without any step therebetween.
  • the inlet port 33 is arranged at a position lower than the outlet port 35 (in other words, a case in which the upstream end wall 32 of the cylindrical member 30 is arranged to be lower than the downstream end wall 34 ) has been described by way of example.
  • the bottom surface of the outlet port 35 may be configured to bring the inner circumferential wall surface 31 of the cylindrical member 30 and the interior of the downstream exhaust pipe 4 into connecting to each other without any step therebetween.
  • a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 21 to 23 .
  • the features that are different from those in the first embodiment will be described, and a description of like features will be omitted.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing the construction of the extension chamber 3 in this embodiment.
  • the upstream exhaust pipe 2 and the downstream exhaust pipe 4 are joined to the circumferential wall of the cylindrical member 30 .
  • the upstream exhaust pipe 2 and the cylindrical member 30 are joined in such a way that virtual line L 1 drawn by extending the axis of the cylindrical member 30 and the direction of flow of the exhaust gas flowing into the cylindrical member 30 (that is, in this case, virtual line L 2 drawn by extending the axis of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 ) cross obliquely each other as shown in FIG. 22 .
  • the aforementioned cylindrical member 30 is disposed in such a way that the virtual line L 2 drawn by extending the axis of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 intersects with the bottom surface 44 of the cylindrical member 30 obliquely.
  • portions of the exhaust gas flowing from the upstream exhaust pipe 2 into the cylindrical member 30 through the inlet port 33 create back step flows Fb through the step of the inlet port 33 as shown in FIG. 23 .
  • the rest of the exhaust gas strikes the bottom surface 44 inside the cylindrical member 30 obliquely to go upward, and then strikes the inner circumferential wall surface of the cylindrical member 30 to swirl helically.
  • the swirling flow Fv and the back step flow Fb cross or meet each other, turbulence occurs in the interior of cylindrical member 30 .
  • the gas flowing out of the outlet port 35 of the extension chamber 3 into the downstream exhaust pipe 4 contains the exhaust gas and the reducing agent that are mixed uniformly, and a stream free from partial localization of the distribution of the flow rate is created. Therefore, the exhaust gas and the reducing agent will extend uniformly in the entire of the exhaust gas purification apparatus 5 . Consequently, the purification capability of the of the exhaust gas purification apparatus 5 can be efficiently made use of.
  • the position of the inlet port 33 may be offset, with respect to the horizontal direction, in such a way that virtual line L 2 drawn by extending the axis of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 does not passes through the center axis C of the cylindrical member 30 .
  • a force that causes the swirling flow to travel in the circumferential direction can be enhanced, whereby the mixing of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent can further be promoted.
  • the turbulence that occurs when the swirling flow and the back step flow cross or meet each other can also be enhanced, whereby the elimination of the localization of the distribution of the flow rate is facilitated.
  • the shape of the extension chamber is not limited to this as a matter of course.
  • the extension chamber may have any shape, on condition that it has an inner wall surface 50 with which the virtual line L 2 drawn by extending the axis of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 crosses obliquely, and that it has an inlet port 51 having a step by which the cross sectional area abruptly increases from the interior of the upstream exhaust pipe 2 to the interior of the extension chamber, for example as shown in FIG. 25 .
  • the extension chamber be defined by a hollow cylindrical member.
  • the inner wall surface of the extension chamber may be flat, but it may be curved in the direction of swirling of the swirling flow, or curved in a direction that is oblique to or perpendicular to the direction of swirling of the swirling flow.
  • the extension chamber 60 may be formed by a hollow bent cylindrical member 61 .
  • the present invention may be used in a vehicle equipped with an exhaust system in which a reducing agent is supplied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
US12/673,946 2007-08-21 2008-08-19 Exhaust system of internal combustion engine Abandoned US20110041488A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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JP2007-214902 2007-08-21
JP2007214902A JP4884332B2 (ja) 2007-08-21 2007-08-21 内燃機関の排気システム
PCT/JP2008/064720 WO2009025262A1 (fr) 2007-08-21 2008-08-19 Système d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne

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US (1) US20110041488A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2182189B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4884332B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101784770B (fr)
WO (1) WO2009025262A1 (fr)

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US9593612B2 (en) 2012-03-22 2017-03-14 Isuzu Motors Limited Internal combustion engine
US20170314437A1 (en) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 Hyundai Motor Company Exhaust system
US10337379B2 (en) 2014-02-07 2019-07-02 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Mixer assembly for a vehicle exhaust system
US10787946B2 (en) 2018-09-19 2020-09-29 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Heated dosing mixer

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JP5381661B2 (ja) * 2009-12-01 2014-01-08 トヨタ自動車株式会社 排気浄化装置
JP5146605B2 (ja) * 2010-06-21 2013-02-20 トヨタ自動車株式会社 排気加熱装置
US9003783B2 (en) * 2010-09-30 2015-04-14 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Burner arrangement for a two-stroke locomotive diesel engine having an exhaust aftertreatment system
JP5605578B2 (ja) * 2011-06-17 2014-10-15 三菱自動車工業株式会社 排気浄化装置
JP2013104396A (ja) * 2011-11-16 2013-05-30 Hino Motors Ltd 尿素水ミキシング構造
JP6179079B2 (ja) * 2012-08-30 2017-08-16 株式会社Ihi 排気システム
CN102879362B (zh) * 2012-09-19 2016-03-30 有色金属矿产地质调查中心 一种用于原子荧光光谱仪气体传输系统的集扩式混匀模块
KR101744797B1 (ko) * 2016-03-07 2017-06-09 세종공업 주식회사 환원제 믹싱장치
JP6919478B2 (ja) * 2017-10-02 2021-08-18 いすゞ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP2019132177A (ja) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 日野自動車株式会社 排気浄化装置
JP7116604B2 (ja) * 2018-06-25 2022-08-10 株式会社Subaru エンジン
JP2020169616A (ja) * 2019-04-04 2020-10-15 日野自動車株式会社 排気浄化装置
NL2027378B1 (en) * 2021-01-25 2022-08-12 Array Ind B V A pre-mixing unit for pre-mixing exhaust gas
JP7777989B2 (ja) * 2022-01-12 2025-12-01 株式会社竹内製作所 エンジン排気管装置

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US10337379B2 (en) 2014-02-07 2019-07-02 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Mixer assembly for a vehicle exhaust system
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US10787946B2 (en) 2018-09-19 2020-09-29 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Heated dosing mixer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2182189A1 (fr) 2010-05-05
JP2009047091A (ja) 2009-03-05
JP4884332B2 (ja) 2012-02-29
CN101784770A (zh) 2010-07-21
CN101784770B (zh) 2012-10-24
EP2182189B1 (fr) 2012-09-19
WO2009025262A1 (fr) 2009-02-26
EP2182189A4 (fr) 2011-07-13

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