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US20100287691A1 - Splash Prevention Urinal Apparatus - Google Patents

Splash Prevention Urinal Apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100287691A1
US20100287691A1 US12/259,773 US25977308A US2010287691A1 US 20100287691 A1 US20100287691 A1 US 20100287691A1 US 25977308 A US25977308 A US 25977308A US 2010287691 A1 US2010287691 A1 US 2010287691A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
wall
splash
intersecting
contact
stop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/259,773
Inventor
Jeremy L. Lee
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US12/259,773 priority Critical patent/US20100287691A1/en
Publication of US20100287691A1 publication Critical patent/US20100287691A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03DWATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D13/00Urinals ; Means for connecting the urinal to the flushing pipe and the wastepipe; Splashing shields for urinals

Definitions

  • Urinals typically in use allow splatter of urine, a condition which is not only unsanitary to the user but also causes unsanitary conditions in the facility in which the urinals are present. Most such urinals allow a direct or near direct perpendicular wall to urine flow, thereby causing splatter. Such urinals also do not have means to catch the splash. Further, since splatter is eminent, users typically stand further from the urinal, causing further floor contamination. Various anti-splatter urinals have been proposed. Some affect an angular urine contact but do not provide sufficient angle to fully alleviate the problems cited. Some have been provided which feature multiple angular interior walls. Problems with these and others proposed include expense of production and the fact that a user must still accurately aim in order to prevent splash. Some urinals attempt to alleviate splash problems by providing a full floor mount.
  • the splash prevention urinal apparatus relates to wall mounted urinals and more especially to a wall mounted urinal that prevents urine splash.
  • the general purpose of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to provide a splash prevention urinal apparatus which has many novel features that result in an improved splash prevention urinal apparatus which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by prior art, either alone or in combination thereof.
  • the splash prevention urinal apparatus is provided for mount to a wall.
  • the splash prevention functionality allows for the apparatus to be of relatively abbreviated height. A height of 24 inches is featured in one embodiment.
  • the functionality of the apparatus also allows for a minimum depth of as brief as 12 inches, and a width as little as 12 inches.
  • the well of the apparatus comprises a minimum height of 4 inches, whereby sufficient holding volume is insured.
  • the apparatus is also provided in larger sizes.
  • Urine impacts the contact wall at a 60 degree angle, thereby directing flow and any potential splash to the stop wall, the rounded corner, and the splash wall. The angle prevents urine splash back toward the front of the apparatus. By negating urine splash, the apparatus encourages a user to stand closely and thereby prevents urine spill on the floor of a facility.
  • the abbreviated size potential of the apparatus, along with the hollow formed between the top, bottom, back wall, side wall, front wall, and contact wall reduces material costs.
  • the apparatus is made of ceramic, porcelain, stainless steel, and other
  • An object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to be basic.
  • Another object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to provide for wall mount.
  • a further object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to prevent urine splash.
  • An added object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to encourage a user to stand closely to the apparatus.
  • an object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to provide a shelf top.
  • Another object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to use a minimal amount of material in order to insure inexpensive production and sale.
  • the splash prevention urinal apparatus is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustration.
  • the concept of this disclosure may be readily utilized as a basis for the design of other structures, methods, and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the improved splash prevention urinal apparatus. It is therefore important that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the splash prevention urinal apparatus.
  • the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for purposes of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevation view.
  • FIG. 3 is left side elevation view.
  • FIG. 4 is right side elevation view.
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross sectional top view.
  • FIGS. 1 through 6 With reference now to the drawings, and in particular FIGS. 1 through 6 thereof, the principles and concepts of the splash prevention urinal apparatus generally designated by the reference number 10 will be described.
  • the splash prevention urinal apparatus 10 is provided for mounting to a wall.
  • the wall mounted splash prevention urinal apparatus 10 partially comprises a flat top 12 .
  • the flat top 12 encourages use in temporarily holding objects for a user, whereby no splash invades such objects.
  • the flat top 12 further comprises a flush mechanism 14 .
  • the flush mechanism 14 illustrated is a hand operated mechanism 14 .
  • Other types of flush mechanisms 14 known in the art may also be used, such as auto flush and photo operative flush systems (not shown).
  • the back wall 30 is for mounting to a structure such as a bathroom wall.
  • the back wall 30 intersects the top 12 .
  • the side wall 32 intersects the back wall 30 at a 90 degree angle.
  • the side wall 32 intersects the top 12
  • the abbreviated front wall 34 intersects the side wall at a 90 degree angle.
  • the front wall 34 is therefore parallel to the back wall 30 .
  • the front wall 34 intersects the top 12 .
  • the contact wall 16 is at an approximate 60 degree angle to the front wall 34 .
  • the length of the contact wall 16 is from the front wall 34 to a point proximal to the back wall 30 .
  • the contact wall 16 intersects the top 12 .
  • the hollow 29 is formed between the back wall 30 , the side wall 32 , the front wall 34 , and the contact wall 16 .
  • the hollow 29 saves use of addition porcelain, thereby saving on the cost of the apparatus 10 .
  • the stop wall 18 intersects the rear of the contact wall 16 .
  • the stop wall 18 is parallel with the front wall 34 .
  • the stop wall 20 is joined to a rounded corner 19 .
  • the stop wall 18 typically slows urine 40 flow sufficiently to allow urine 40 to channel to the well 26 .
  • the stop wall 18 and the rounded corner 19 intersect the top 12 .
  • the splash wall 20 intersects the rounded corner 19 .
  • the rounded corner 19 is even another feature to insure against any urine 40 splash whatsoever.
  • the splash wall 20 is perpendicular to the front wall 34 .
  • the splash wall 20 has a length about 1 ⁇ 2 that of the contact wall 16 , therefore the splash wall 20 is about half the length of the depth of the apparatus 10 .
  • the splash wall 20 intersects the top 12 .
  • the half round 21 is disposed on the front of the splash wall 20 .
  • the half round 21 provides a more aesthetic appearance for the apparatus 10 .
  • the well 26 is disposed in the bottom of the apparatus 10 .
  • the well 26 is slanted to the drain 28 in a bottom of the well 26 .
  • the well 26 has three sides formed by the contact wall 16 , the stop wall 18 , and the splash wall 20 .
  • the riser 13 forms the final two sides of the well 26 .
  • the riser 13 further comprises a slant 24 on top of the riser 13 .
  • the front of the riser 13 further comprises a convex 22 , wherein a greater riser 13 thickness is featured; thereby further preventing any accidental urine 40 spills by a user.
  • the slant 24 on top of the riser provides that any such spills are conveyed into the well 26 .

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The splash prevention urinal apparatus is designed whereby urine impacts the contact wall at a 60 degree angle, thereby directing flow and any potential splash to the stop wall, the rounded corner, and the splash wall. The angle prevents urine splash back toward the front of the apparatus. By negating urine splash, the apparatus encourages a user to stand closely and thereby prevents urine spill on the floor of a facility. The abbreviated size potential of the apparatus, along with the hollow formed between the top, bottom, back wall, side wall, front wall, and contact wall reduces material costs.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • Not Applicable
  • FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
  • Not Applicable
  • INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISK
  • Not Applicable
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Urinals typically in use allow splatter of urine, a condition which is not only unsanitary to the user but also causes unsanitary conditions in the facility in which the urinals are present. Most such urinals allow a direct or near direct perpendicular wall to urine flow, thereby causing splatter. Such urinals also do not have means to catch the splash. Further, since splatter is eminent, users typically stand further from the urinal, causing further floor contamination. Various anti-splatter urinals have been proposed. Some affect an angular urine contact but do not provide sufficient angle to fully alleviate the problems cited. Some have been provided which feature multiple angular interior walls. Problems with these and others proposed include expense of production and the fact that a user must still accurately aim in order to prevent splash. Some urinals attempt to alleviate splash problems by providing a full floor mount.
  • Such urinals, though, include additional expense of material, due to size, and require floor preparation and greater expense in plumbing, and the angle of urine impact still does not prevent splash, but usually just lowers the splash height. What is needed is a basic wall mounted urinal which provides for no splash while at the same times requiring little to no aiming for the user.
  • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The splash prevention urinal apparatus relates to wall mounted urinals and more especially to a wall mounted urinal that prevents urine splash.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The general purpose of the splash prevention urinal apparatus, described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a splash prevention urinal apparatus which has many novel features that result in an improved splash prevention urinal apparatus which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by prior art, either alone or in combination thereof.
  • To attain this, the splash prevention urinal apparatus is provided for mount to a wall. The splash prevention functionality allows for the apparatus to be of relatively abbreviated height. A height of 24 inches is featured in one embodiment. The functionality of the apparatus also allows for a minimum depth of as brief as 12 inches, and a width as little as 12 inches. The well of the apparatus comprises a minimum height of 4 inches, whereby sufficient holding volume is insured. The apparatus is also provided in larger sizes. Urine impacts the contact wall at a 60 degree angle, thereby directing flow and any potential splash to the stop wall, the rounded corner, and the splash wall. The angle prevents urine splash back toward the front of the apparatus. By negating urine splash, the apparatus encourages a user to stand closely and thereby prevents urine spill on the floor of a facility. The abbreviated size potential of the apparatus, along with the hollow formed between the top, bottom, back wall, side wall, front wall, and contact wall reduces material costs. The apparatus is made of ceramic, porcelain, stainless steel, and other appropriate materials used in urinal construction.
  • Thus has been broadly outlined the more important features of the improved splash prevention urinal apparatus so that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated.
  • An object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to be basic.
  • Another object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to provide for wall mount.
  • A further object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to prevent urine splash.
  • An added object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to encourage a user to stand closely to the apparatus.
  • And, an object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to provide a shelf top.
  • Another object of the splash prevention urinal apparatus is to use a minimal amount of material in order to insure inexpensive production and sale.
  • These together with additional objects, features and advantages of the improved splash prevention urinal apparatus will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of presently preferred, but nonetheless illustrative, embodiments of the improved splash prevention urinal apparatus when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
  • In this respect, before explaining the current embodiments of the improved splash prevention urinal apparatus in detail, it is to be understood that the splash prevention urinal apparatus is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustration. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the concept of this disclosure may be readily utilized as a basis for the design of other structures, methods, and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the improved splash prevention urinal apparatus. It is therefore important that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the splash prevention urinal apparatus. It is also to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for purposes of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevation view.
  • FIG. 3 is left side elevation view.
  • FIG. 4 is right side elevation view.
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross sectional top view.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • With reference now to the drawings, and in particular FIGS. 1 through 6 thereof, the principles and concepts of the splash prevention urinal apparatus generally designated by the reference number 10 will be described.
  • The splash prevention urinal apparatus 10 is provided for mounting to a wall. The wall mounted splash prevention urinal apparatus 10 partially comprises a flat top 12. As the apparatus 10 prevents urine splash, the flat top 12 encourages use in temporarily holding objects for a user, whereby no splash invades such objects. The flat top 12 further comprises a flush mechanism 14. The flush mechanism 14 illustrated is a hand operated mechanism 14. Other types of flush mechanisms 14 known in the art may also be used, such as auto flush and photo operative flush systems (not shown). The back wall 30 is for mounting to a structure such as a bathroom wall. The back wall 30 intersects the top 12. The side wall 32 intersects the back wall 30 at a 90 degree angle. The side wall 32 intersects the top 12The abbreviated front wall 34 intersects the side wall at a 90 degree angle. The front wall 34 is therefore parallel to the back wall 30. The front wall 34 intersects the top 12. The contact wall 16 is at an approximate 60 degree angle to the front wall 34. The length of the contact wall 16 is from the front wall 34 to a point proximal to the back wall 30. The contact wall 16 intersects the top 12. The hollow 29 is formed between the back wall 30, the side wall 32, the front wall 34, and the contact wall 16. The hollow 29 saves use of addition porcelain, thereby saving on the cost of the apparatus 10. The stop wall 18 intersects the rear of the contact wall 16. The stop wall 18 is parallel with the front wall 34. The stop wall 20 is joined to a rounded corner 19. The stop wall 18 typically slows urine 40 flow sufficiently to allow urine 40 to channel to the well 26. The stop wall 18 and the rounded corner 19 intersect the top 12. The splash wall 20 intersects the rounded corner 19. The rounded corner 19 is even another feature to insure against any urine 40 splash whatsoever. The splash wall 20 is perpendicular to the front wall 34. The splash wall 20 has a length about ½ that of the contact wall 16, therefore the splash wall 20 is about half the length of the depth of the apparatus 10. The splash wall 20 intersects the top 12. If for any reason the stream of urine 40 deflects away from the contact wall 16 or the stop wall 18, the splash wall 20 prevents any further splash or flow of the urine 40. The half round 21 is disposed on the front of the splash wall 20. The half round 21 provides a more aesthetic appearance for the apparatus 10. The well 26 is disposed in the bottom of the apparatus 10. The well 26 is slanted to the drain 28 in a bottom of the well 26. The well 26 has three sides formed by the contact wall 16, the stop wall 18, and the splash wall 20. The riser 13 forms the final two sides of the well 26. The riser 13 further comprises a slant 24 on top of the riser 13. The front of the riser 13 further comprises a convex 22, wherein a greater riser 13 thickness is featured; thereby further preventing any accidental urine 40 spills by a user. The slant 24 on top of the riser provides that any such spills are conveyed into the well 26.
  • With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the splash prevention urinal apparatus, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and the manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the splash prevention urinal apparatus.
  • Directional terms such as “front”, “back”, “in”, “out”, “downward”, “upper”, “lower”, and the like may have been used in the description. These terms are applicable to the embodiments shown and described in conjunction with the drawings. These terms are merely used for the purpose of description in connection with the drawings and do not necessarily apply to the position in which the splash prevention urinal apparatus may be used.
  • Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the splash prevention urinal apparatus. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the splash prevention urinal apparatus to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the splash prevention urinal apparatus.

Claims (18)

1. A wall mounted splash prevention urinal apparatus, comprising;
a top;
a flush mechanism mounted on the top;
a back wall for mounting to a structure, the back wall intersecting the top;
a side wall intersecting the back wall at a 90 degree angle, the side wall intersecting the top;
an abbreviated front wall, the front wall parallel to the back wall, the front wall intersecting the top;
a contact wall, the contact wall at an approximate 60 degree angle to the front wall, the contact wall having a length, the contact wall intersecting the top, a hollow formed between the back wall, the side wall, the front wall, and the contact wall;
a stop wall intersecting a rear of the contact wall, the stop wall parallel with the front wall, the stop wall intersecting the top;
a splash wall intersecting the stop wall, the splash wall perpendicular to the front wall, the splash wall parallel to the side wall, the splash wall having a length about ½ that of the contact wall, the splash wall intersecting the top;
a well in a bottom of the apparatus, the well having a slant to a drain in a bottom of the well, the well having three sides formed by the contact wall, the stop wall, and the splash wall;
a riser forming a final two sides of the well.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the top further comprises a flat surface.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a rounded corner, the rounded corner disposed between the stop wall and the splash wall, the rounded corner intersecting the top.
4. The apparatus according to claim 2 further comprising a rounded corner, the rounded corner disposed between the stop wall and the splash wall, the rounded corner intersecting the top.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the riser further comprises a minimum depth of 4 inches.
6. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the riser further comprises a minimum depth of 4 inches.
7. The apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the riser further comprises a minimum depth of 4 inches.
8. The apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the riser further comprises a minimum depth of 4 inches.
9. A wall mounted splash prevention urinal apparatus, comprising;
a top;
a flush mechanism mounted on the top;
a back wall for mounting to a structure, the back wall intersecting the top;
a side wall intersecting the back wall at a 90 degree angle, the side wall intersecting the top;
an abbreviated front wall, the front wall parallel to the back wall, the front wall intersecting the top;
a contact wall, the contact wall at an approximate 60 degree angle to the front wall, the contact wall having a length, the contact wall intersecting the top, a hollow formed between the back wall, the side wall, the front wall, and the contact wall;
a stop wall intersecting a rear of the contact wall, the stop wall parallel with the front wall, the stop wall intersecting the top;
a splash wall intersecting the stop wall, the splash wall perpendicular to the front wall, the splash wall parallel to the side wall, the splash wall having a length about ½ that of the contact wall, the splash wall intersecting the top;
a well in a bottom of the apparatus, the well having a slant to a drain in a bottom of the well, the well having three sides formed by the contact wall, the stop wall, and the splash wall;
a riser forming a final two sides of the well, a top of the riser further comprising a slant toward the well.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the top further comprises a flat surface.
11. The apparatus according to claim 9 further comprising a rounded corner, the rounded corner disposed between the stop wall and the splash wall, the rounded corner intersecting the top.
12. The apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising a rounded corner, the rounded corner disposed between the stop wall and the splash wall, the rounded corner intersecting the top.
13. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the riser further comprises a minimum depth of 4 inches.
14. The apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the riser further comprises a minimum depth of 4 inches.
15. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the riser further comprises a minimum depth of 4 inches.
16. The apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the riser further comprises a minimum depth of 4 inches.
17. A wall mounted splash prevention urinal apparatus, comprising;
a flat top;
a flush mechanism mounted on the top;
a back wall for mounting to a structure, the back wall intersecting the top;
a side wall intersecting the back wall at a 90 degree angle, the side wall intersecting the top;
an abbreviated front wall, the front wall parallel to the back wall, the front wall intersecting the top;
a contact wall, the contact wall at an approximate 60 degree angle to the front wall, the contact wall having a length, the contact wall intersecting the top, a hollow formed between the back wall, the side wall, the front wall, and the contact wall;
a stop wall intersecting a rear of the contact wall, the stop wall parallel with the front wall, the stop wall intersecting the top;
the rounded corner intersecting the stop wall, the rounded corner intersecting the top.
a splash wall intersecting the rounded corner, the splash wall perpendicular to the front of the apparatus, the splash wall parallel to the side wall, the splash wall having a length about ½ that of the contact wall, the splash wall intersecting the top;
a well in a bottom of the apparatus, the well having a slant to a drain in a bottom of the well, the well having three sides formed by the contact wall, the stop wall, and the splash wall;
a riser forming a final two sides of the well;
a convex on an exterior of a front of the riser.
18. The apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the riser further comprises a slant on a top of the riser, the slant angled toward the well.
US12/259,773 2008-10-28 2008-10-28 Splash Prevention Urinal Apparatus Abandoned US20100287691A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109098248A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-12-28 湖北文理学院 A method of ensureing that urine enters pond

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US652037A (en) * 1899-12-15 1900-06-19 Max H Rosenstein Urinal.
US1114670A (en) * 1913-03-25 1914-10-20 Stephen D Baker Urinal.
US2147588A (en) * 1936-10-29 1939-02-14 Crane Co Urinal stall
USD294966S (en) * 1985-11-07 1988-03-29 Kohler Co. Urinal
US5027448A (en) * 1990-06-20 1991-07-02 Wilkins Bruce F Men's anti-splashback hygienic urinal
US5255397A (en) * 1992-10-16 1993-10-26 Poole Donald A Urinal
US5287563A (en) * 1992-05-18 1994-02-22 Peters Scott W Hygienic urinal
US5806107A (en) * 1997-06-05 1998-09-15 Tilton & Madison, Ltd. Splatterless urinal
US6470504B1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2002-10-29 Rith Neuo Splash preventing urinal
US7398565B1 (en) * 2005-09-02 2008-07-15 Chou Michael C Self-cleaning urinal anti-splash device

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US652037A (en) * 1899-12-15 1900-06-19 Max H Rosenstein Urinal.
US1114670A (en) * 1913-03-25 1914-10-20 Stephen D Baker Urinal.
US2147588A (en) * 1936-10-29 1939-02-14 Crane Co Urinal stall
USD294966S (en) * 1985-11-07 1988-03-29 Kohler Co. Urinal
US5027448A (en) * 1990-06-20 1991-07-02 Wilkins Bruce F Men's anti-splashback hygienic urinal
US5287563A (en) * 1992-05-18 1994-02-22 Peters Scott W Hygienic urinal
US5255397A (en) * 1992-10-16 1993-10-26 Poole Donald A Urinal
US5806107A (en) * 1997-06-05 1998-09-15 Tilton & Madison, Ltd. Splatterless urinal
US6470504B1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2002-10-29 Rith Neuo Splash preventing urinal
US7398565B1 (en) * 2005-09-02 2008-07-15 Chou Michael C Self-cleaning urinal anti-splash device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109098248A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-12-28 湖北文理学院 A method of ensureing that urine enters pond

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