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US20100200127A1 - Method for the local hardening of railway wheelsets - Google Patents

Method for the local hardening of railway wheelsets Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100200127A1
US20100200127A1 US12/733,239 US73323908A US2010200127A1 US 20100200127 A1 US20100200127 A1 US 20100200127A1 US 73323908 A US73323908 A US 73323908A US 2010200127 A1 US2010200127 A1 US 2010200127A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heating
approximately
hardening
annular
rolling surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/733,239
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English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir A. Sokolov
Valeri Wladimirowitsch Evseenko
Ruslan Valerijewitsch Matjuschin
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US20100200127A1 publication Critical patent/US20100200127A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C21D2221/10—Differential treatment of inner with respect to outer regions, e.g. core and periphery, respectively

Definitions

  • the invention concerns the field of railway vehicle operation and, in particular, a method for the local hardening of railway wheelsets or other steel wheels.
  • wheelsets In accordance with operating safety requirements for wheelsets, wheelsets must be repaired when the wear on the wheel rim exceeds 24 and 28 mm for freight cars and passenger cars. A maximum of four repairs in all are permissible, after which the wheelsets are unusable and must be disposed of. For the most part, the performance of repair work leads to downtime of the rail-borne vehicle, and requires great expenditures of money and time.
  • From RU 2153008 is known a method for local hardening or strengthening of railway wheelsets that provides for heating of the wheel's working surface by means of conduction of current through movable electrodes that are pressed under pressure onto the surface to be treated, and with their aid heat-treated areas in the form of strips are produced on the working surface of the wheel.
  • the object of the invention is consequently to increase the service life or service performance of railway wheelsets.
  • the object is achieved by the means that, in the method for increasing the service life or service performance of railway wheelsets, in which each wheel is implemented in the form of a cylindrical working part having a running or rolling surface and a rim connected thereto by a radius transition, the metal hardening of the wheelset or of a wheel is carried out by conduction of current through rotating contact rollers, which are pressed under pressure onto the surface to be treated, wherein the heating and hardening of the surface is performed in the form of one or more strips.
  • the invention is characterized in that the heating for the hardening can be carried out in two annular sections, or annular zones, wherein the boundary of the first section begins at the connecting line of the radius transition at the beginning of the rolling surface, and may extend across the entire width of the rolling surface.
  • the first annular section extends over a distance of approximately 30 mm across the width of the rolling surface.
  • the boundary of the second section begins at the connecting line of the radius transition at the adjacent rim face and preferably extends up to 35 mm over the width of the rim surface.
  • the local heating in each of the said sections is carried out in the form of one or more annular strips, wherein the heating temperature exceeds the temperature of the phase transition Ac 3 by approximately 60-280° C.
  • the distances between the sections of the heat action of each strip are preferably at least approximately 2-4 mm from each side of the heating zone.
  • the rotational speed of the wheelset at heating is preferably approximately 3.5-15 rotations per hour.
  • the strips of heating can be implemented as continuous (uninterrupted) or discontinous annular sections of different configurations.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic detail view of the interaction between a railway wheel of a wheelset and a railway rail.
  • the area on the outside of the radius transition of the rail head has the greatest local hardening, as is represented by the region 2 in FIG. 1 .
  • This can be explained by the fact that, as a result of the taper on the rolling surface of the rail head, a local surface hardening of the rail metal up to 800 HB takes place over a depth of approximately 0.15-0.20 mm, wherein HB indicates Brinell hardness.
  • the hardness of the wheelset's material which is labeled with reference number 3 in FIG. 1 , is 280 HB.
  • the areas of increased wear are the rim zone adjacent to the radius transition, and the zone of the rolling surface adjacent to the radius transition.
  • the increase in the local hardness of the metal in the said wheel zones to 550-800 HB makes it possible to increase the service life or service performance of the wheelsets, with the statistical average wear of the rails remaining unchanged.
  • the inventive method can be implemented as follows.
  • the wheelsets are placed on a special apparatus that is equipped with a rotation mechanism and a device for concentrated local heating.
  • the apparatus is equipped with sensors that record the parameters of the distribution of the local temperature fields and the cooling rates.
  • the apparatus can optionally also be augmented with an additional heat source that permits thermal tempering of the treated zone as needed.
  • the concentrated local heating can be accomplished by means of, e.g., a special electrode.
  • the electrode can be designed in the form of a flat, rotating roller, for example, which is pressed onto a certain point of the surface of the wheelset at a pre-determined stress.
  • the wheel pair When the apparatus is turned on, the wheel pair begins to rotate at a preferred speed of approximately 3.5 to 15 rotations per hour.
  • the specific rotational speed is chosen as a function of the diameter of the wheelset, the width of the electrodes' working surface, the heating parameters, and the like.
  • Heating for the hardening preferably is carried out on all sections of the wheelset that are to be heat-treated at the same time.
  • this is a section on the rim
  • an edge of this zone or section will begin at the start of the rim at the connecting line of the radius transition.
  • This zone is approximately 35 mm wide.
  • this section is located on the cylindrical part of the rolling surface, an edge of this zone starts at the connecting line of the radius transition to the adjacent rolling surface.
  • This zone may extend over the entire width of the rolling surface.
  • the width of this zone can be approximately 30 mm.
  • the hardening is carried out in the form of one or two annular sections, and, specifically, preferably on the rim surface and on multiple annular sections, which may be distributed over the entire rolling surface of the wheelset.
  • the connecting lines of the edge of the rolling surface and of the rim to the radius transition are determined by means of a universal template for monitoring the parameters of the rolling surface of the wheelsets.
  • This template is widely used in detecting wear and vertical thinning of the wheel flange of the rims of wheelsets.
  • the heating that is performed in the zone of the contact point of the electrode and the specified wheel surface takes place in the form of one or more concentric strips or annular strips.
  • the temperature exceeds the beginning of the phase transition Ac 3 by approximately 60-280° C., and the rotational speed of the wheelset is approximately 3.5-15 rotations per hour.
  • the phase transitions take place in the full specified region. They ensure the presence of the martensitic structure, which is distinguished by great hardness with values of approximately 550-800 HB, in the entire specified region.
  • the depth of the section with such a structure is approximately 3-5 mm, which makes it possible to increase the resource availability of the railway wheelsets by approximately 2.5-fold.
  • the hardness of the metal remains at the starting level (280 HB). This circumstance plays an important role in ensuring the high reliability and safe operation of the railway wheelsets that have undergone local strengthening.
  • the malleable matrix of the metal will prevent a possible occurrence and widening of cracks. As needed, the remaining thermal stresses can be eliminated in a subsequent local heating by means of a tempering process.
  • the needlelike martensitic structure forms in the working zone during local heating above the said temperatures and during subsequent rapid cooling. It is distinguished by a high degree of hardness and by brittleness. During operation, in such zones formation of cracks may occur in the strengthened zones. In addition, such operation leads to overheating of large masses of metal where the phase transitions will occur, which in turn will lead to increasing the values of the residual stresses, which also contribute to faster formation of cracks.
  • Heating below the said temperature limit will lead to essentially no transformation of the metal structure in the zone of thermal action, and also will have no effect on the hardness of the metal of the wheel pair.
  • the service life or service performance will not be increased significantly in this case.
  • the proposed local hardening of the wheelsets in the premature wear zone can be undertaken after any restoration of the geometry of the profile of the wheelset during the process of repair.
  • the proposed method was implemented using a group of 12 new wheelsets.
  • the chemical composition and the mechanical properties of the metal of the wheels are characterized by the following parameters.
  • the group of wheelsets was locally strengthened using the inventive method.
  • the wheelsets were heated in the region of the premature wear zone, in the above-described manner.
  • the metal of the said zone was heated to the temperature of 1080° C.
  • Thermal tempering at a temperature of 600° C. was performed on the same apparatus in a similar manner to eliminate residual stresses and to improve the structure.
  • the hardness of the metal in the heat-treated annular zone was 580 HB.
  • the depth of local hardening of the heat-treated sections was 3.8 mm (determined using microsection samples).
  • the original hardness of the rail was 320 HB.
  • the 12 wheelsets thus treated were attached to the cars of a test railway train.
  • the cars were loaded such that the load on the axle was 27 tons, which was nearly twice the standard load (15 tons).
  • the railway train traveled over a 149,000 km railway test circuit during the course of the test run.
  • the wheelsets were analyzed during the process of the test run. At the same travel distance, the wear in the normal wheelsets was 3.5-4 mm, while the wear in the strengthened wheelsets was 1.25-1.45 mm, which is to say lower wear by a factor of approximately 2.5.
  • the method for local strengthening of railway wheelsets makes it possible to increase the time between overhauls for wheelset operation by approximately 2.5-fold, specifically by reducing metal wear at the points of contact between the wheel rims and the adjacent rolling zones of the wheelsets (premature wear zone) with the wear of the railway rails remaining unchanged.
  • the proposed method can be used equally well for the treatment of new and repaired wheelsets, which are used in railway vehicles, trams, and subway trains, and therefore can increase the time between overhauls in their operation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US12/733,239 2007-08-21 2008-08-08 Method for the local hardening of railway wheelsets Abandoned US20100200127A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007039385A DE102007039385B3 (de) 2007-08-21 2007-08-21 Verfahren zur lokalen Festigung von Eisenbahnradsätzen
DE102007039985.9 2007-08-21
PCT/IB2008/002096 WO2009024847A1 (de) 2007-08-21 2008-08-08 Verfahren zur lokalen festigung von eisenbahnradsätzen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100200127A1 true US20100200127A1 (en) 2010-08-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/733,239 Abandoned US20100200127A1 (en) 2007-08-21 2008-08-08 Method for the local hardening of railway wheelsets

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20100200127A1 (bg)
EP (1) EP2179067A1 (bg)
JP (1) JP2010536646A (bg)
CN (1) CN101835912A (bg)
BG (1) BG110502A (bg)
CA (1) CA2697059A1 (bg)
DE (1) DE102007039385B3 (bg)
EA (1) EA016135B1 (bg)
WO (1) WO2009024847A1 (bg)
ZA (1) ZA201001231B (bg)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3309035A4 (en) * 2015-06-10 2018-04-25 Korea Railroad Research Institute Friction apparatus

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008016854B4 (de) 2008-04-02 2010-12-30 NTRus GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Dr. Wladimir Anatoliewitsch Sokolov, Moskau, RU) Vorrichtung zur lokalen Festigung von Eisenbahnradsätzen
WO2010097648A1 (de) * 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 Wladimir Anatoliewitsch Sokolov Vorrichtung und verfahren zur lokalen festigung von radsätzen von schienenfahrzeugen
CN108839508A (zh) * 2018-07-25 2018-11-20 安徽工业大学 一种高强度轻质轨道车用轮箍及其生产工艺

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2153007C1 (ru) * 1999-02-18 2000-07-20 Поляченко Анатолий Васильевич Способ поверхностной электроконтактной закалки деталей

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DK0542951T3 (da) * 1991-06-03 1998-12-28 Fiat Sig Schienenfahrzeuge Ag Fremgangsmåde til materialemæssig forbedring af et hjul til et skinnekøretøj
DE4124644A1 (de) * 1991-07-25 1993-01-28 Audi Ag Verfahren zum haerten und/oder umschmelzen der oberflaechen von metallischen werkstuecken
JPH11271146A (ja) * 1998-03-23 1999-10-05 Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd 鋼板の焼き入れ方法、それを使用した焼き入れ装置およびマッシュシーム溶接機
RU2153008C1 (ru) * 1999-03-22 2000-07-20 Поляченко Анатолий Васильевич Способ поверхностной электроконтактной термообработки деталей
JP4423700B2 (ja) * 1999-05-31 2010-03-03 住友金属工業株式会社 耐疲労はく離性と耐摩耗性に優れた鉄道車両用車輪
RU2183223C2 (ru) * 2000-05-15 2002-06-10 Омский государственный университет путей сообщения Способ термической обработки гребней колес подвижного состава
RU2201975C2 (ru) * 2001-06-09 2003-04-10 Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Установка для упрочнения колес железнодорожного транспорта
KR20040020665A (ko) * 2002-08-31 2004-03-09 현대자동차주식회사 로드 휠용 소재 조성물과 이를 이용한 로드 휠 제조방법
JP2004315928A (ja) * 2003-04-18 2004-11-11 Nippon Steel Corp 耐摩耗性および耐熱き裂性に優れた高炭素鉄道車両用車輪
DE202005015907U1 (de) * 2005-10-07 2007-02-15 Heess Gmbh & Co.Kg Vorrichtung zur gezielten Wärmebehandlung von Eisenbahnschienenrädern

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2153007C1 (ru) * 1999-02-18 2000-07-20 Поляченко Анатолий Васильевич Способ поверхностной электроконтактной закалки деталей

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
English abstract of German patent DD139273 A, December 19, 1979, Neuhaeuser et al. *
Machine-English translation of Russian patent 2153007 C1, Evseenko et al., July 20, 2000 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3309035A4 (en) * 2015-06-10 2018-04-25 Korea Railroad Research Institute Friction apparatus
US10662588B2 (en) * 2015-06-10 2020-05-26 Korea Railroad Research Institute Friction apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2179067A1 (de) 2010-04-28
JP2010536646A (ja) 2010-12-02
EA016135B1 (ru) 2012-02-28
CA2697059A1 (en) 2009-02-26
CN101835912A (zh) 2010-09-15
EA201000359A1 (ru) 2010-08-30
BG110502A (bg) 2010-04-30
WO2009024847A1 (de) 2009-02-26
ZA201001231B (en) 2010-10-27
DE102007039385B3 (de) 2009-01-02

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