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US20100108845A1 - Safety attachment device for two actuators - Google Patents

Safety attachment device for two actuators Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100108845A1
US20100108845A1 US12/318,793 US31879309A US2010108845A1 US 20100108845 A1 US20100108845 A1 US 20100108845A1 US 31879309 A US31879309 A US 31879309A US 2010108845 A1 US2010108845 A1 US 2010108845A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
actuators
cables
attachment device
safety attachment
actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/318,793
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Agustin Mariano Martin Hernandez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations SL
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations SL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Operations SL filed Critical Airbus Operations SL
Assigned to AIRBUS ESPANA, S.L. reassignment AIRBUS ESPANA, S.L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MARTIN HERNANDEZ, AGUSTIN MARIANO
Assigned to AIRBUS OPERATIONS, S.L. reassignment AIRBUS OPERATIONS, S.L. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AIRBUS ESPANA, S.L.
Publication of US20100108845A1 publication Critical patent/US20100108845A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/24—Transmitting means
    • B64C13/26—Transmitting means without power amplification or where power amplification is irrelevant
    • B64C13/28—Transmitting means without power amplification or where power amplification is irrelevant mechanical
    • B64C13/341—Transmitting means without power amplification or where power amplification is irrelevant mechanical having duplication or stand-by provisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/24—Transmitting means
    • B64C13/38—Transmitting means with power amplification
    • B64C13/40—Transmitting means with power amplification using fluid pressure
    • B64C13/42—Transmitting means with power amplification using fluid pressure having duplication or stand-by provisions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/02—Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member
    • F15B15/04—Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member with oscillating cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B18/00—Parallel arrangements of independent servomotor systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16P—SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL; SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES
    • F16P7/00—Emergency devices preventing damage to a machine or apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction

Definitions

  • the safety device of the invention is applicable to installations that are provided with actuators which are fixed to two pieces in order to produce the relative displacement between them and which require the incorporation of a standby or redundant actuator, in such a way that two actuators are provided arranged in parallel which can function simultaneously or with one of them as a standby element in the event of failure occurring in the other actuator.
  • the safety device of the invention has the aim of permitting securing of one of the two actuators when its disconnection occurs with respect to the said pieces to which they are fixed. It is a further aim of the invention to provide a simplified, low weight, structure for the safety device.
  • the invention is applicable to any sector of industry in which it is sought to prevent the total or partial falling of either of the two actuators in the event of one of them being accidentally disconnected from any of its fastenings on the pieces to which they are attached, and more particularly it is applicable to those devices where the total or partial falling of the actuator can have an adverse impact on the safety of the element on which the installation is carried out.
  • the invention is especially applicable in the aeronautical industry in those actuators that are intended for tilting mobile elements with respect to fixed elements, such as the actuators for elevators, flaps, etc.
  • the invention can also be applicable in other industries such as for example shipbuilding, hydraulic systems, robotics and in cranes and elevation systems.
  • the invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of submarines where space is also limited, as occurs in the aeronautical industry.
  • hydraulic systems it is applicable to those that include sluices moved by means of actuators, such as dams, thermal/nuclear power plants, etc., where the actuator could cause blockages that can lead to overpressures in the system with serious consequences for it.
  • actuators such as dams, thermal/nuclear power plants, etc.
  • patent document EP1677011 can be cited, which describes a safety attachment device for an actuator that is fixed to two pieces for producing the relative displacement between both pieces, to which a reaction bar is also attached in articulated fashion arranged above the actuator, in such a way that the safety device is provided with an upper part that is fixed above the reaction bar, and which also supports two side arms which clasp at least part of the sides of the actuator, said side arms including windows which are traversed by some safety bolts joined to the side walls of the actuator, in such a way that each window has dimensions larger than the transverse cross-section of the safety bolt passing through it and so that the safety bolt remains arranged without making contact with the edges of said window when the actuator is coupled to said pieces, and even during the movements of the actuator.
  • the windows extend horizontally in such a way that their side edges do not make contact with the safety bolt when the actuator is disconnected from at least one of said pieces. Due to the dimensioning of the window, this configuration allows control over the movements of the actuator that are produced in the event of accidental disconnection of one or both of its coupling points.
  • the safety bolts incorporate widenings at their free end in order to control the lateral movements of the actuator, this increases the weight and complexity of the safety bolts, apart from the fact that said safety bolts have to be capable of supporting the weight of the actuator in the event of disconnection.
  • One of the pieces to which the actuator is attached is a fixed piece, while the other one is mobile, in such a way that in the event of disconnection of the fixed piece occurring, when displacement of the mobile piece is effected, it pulls on the actuator, and with that the possible pulling movements of the actuator body are of considerable length, so large dimensioned windows need to be made through which the safety bolt can pass, which means that its weight is consequently large.
  • the actuator safety bolts can produce a hammering effect on the window of the device, which is an unfavorable condition.
  • the lower part of the windows in order to allow maintenance or dismantle of an actuator, provision has been made for the lower part of the windows to include an articulated section so that the window can be opened in order to allow the safety bolts to pass and so the actuator can be extracted.
  • This configuration represents a design that requires additional reinforcements in the articulated section and the window, which implies an increase in weight.
  • the invention relates to a safety device capable of providing safety attachment for both actuators, with a criterion of minimum weight for which it uses common elements that permit the retention of either of the actuators to be carried out, but with the restriction that the loads of both actuators would not need to be supported simultaneously since the possibility of accidental disconnection taking place simultaneously in the two actuators is very low, therefore the possibility is not considered of having to effect protection against the simultaneous disconnection of both actuators, unlike what happens in the case in which independent devices are installed for each of the actuators since, being independent devices, they both have to be capable of supporting the loads of the actuator on which they are installed.
  • the invention is applied in conventional installations comprising two parallel reaction bars that are attached to a first and a second piece, and which are arranged above two actuators located in parallel, which are also attached to the first and second piece so that, when at least one of the actuators is actuated, the relative displacement between the first and second piece is produced.
  • the main novelty of the safety device of the invention lies in the fact that it comprises a support running between the reaction bars and attached to them in such a way that covers at least the upper part of said reaction bars; in order to allow the location of at least one first cable for each reaction bar and above the surface of the support covering the reaction bars, in such a way that the ends of said cables are attached to the parallel confronting side walls of the actuator above which they are located, with which, when disconnection of one of the actuators takes place, it is left hanging by means of the first cable and on the corresponding reaction bar.
  • the section of the support that runs between the reaction bars comprises vertical arms that are attached to two horizontal parallel bars which are located between confronting side faces of the actuators, in order to permit the provision of at least a second cable around each one of the horizontal parallel bars, in such a way that the ends of said second cables are fixed to the side face of the actuator which closest to said horizontal parallel bars such that when disconnection of one of the actuators takes place and when it remains suspended by the first cable, the actuator is further retained by means of the second cable via the horizontal parallel bar, in order to limit the lateral movements of the actuator that could occur.
  • the support consists of a frame comprising first parallel sides and second parallel sides, in such a way that its first parallel sides are fixed on each of the reaction bars covering at least the upper part of them, and in such a way that the second parallel sides are transverse to the first ones and connect the ends of said first parallel sides.
  • the vertical arms are connected to the second parallel sides so that the horizontal parallel bars remain located between the confronting parallel side faces of the actuators, as it was previously mentioned.
  • the frame consists of a metal sheet in such a way that the first parallel sides of the frame present a semicircular cross-section which is fixed on the reaction bars by means of clamps that close the lower part of said reaction bars, such that the first cables are permitted to slide on the surface of their respective first parallel sides when disconnection of the actuator to which they are attached takes place.
  • the second parallel sides comprise means of reinforcement consisting of folds made in said second parallel sides, in such a way that they define a “U” configuration.
  • the vertical arms are made from folded sheet metal and likewise comprise means of reinforcement consisting of ribs.
  • the horizontal parallel bars In order to achieve a reduction in weight of the safety device, provision is made for the horizontal parallel bars to be hollow.
  • the ends of the first cables are to be attached to the upper part of the side faces of the actuator and the vertical of its center of gravity.
  • one of the ends of the first and second cables is attached to the side walls of the actuator in such a way that is permanent, while the other end is fixed in such a way that is detachable.
  • FIG. 1 Shows a plan view of an example of embodiment of the upper frame of the safety device of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 Shows a view according to cross-section A-A of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 Shows a view according to cross-section B-B of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 Shows a view according to cross-section C-C of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 5 Shows a side view of the safety device of the invention assembled on the reaction bars and on the actuators.
  • FIG. 6 Shows a transverse cross-section of the assembly of previous figure.
  • the safety device of the invention is applicable in installations comprising two adjacent and parallel actuators 1 whose ends are fixed to a first piece 2 and to a second piece 3 , in such a way that the first piece 2 is fixed and the second piece 3 is mobile.
  • reaction bar 4 whose ends are fixed to the first piece 2 and second piece 3 .
  • both actuators 1 are able to function together or that one of them is kept in standby mode in case of failure. In the event of both of them jointly functioning, if a failure occurs in one of them the other one may increase its load in order to guarantee proper functioning.
  • the safety device of the invention comprises a support 5 consisting of a frame 13 which includes some first parallel sides 6 and some second parallel sides 7 , in such a way that the first parallel sides 6 present a semicircular configuration that is arranged enveloping the upper part of the reaction bars 4 .
  • the frame 13 is fixed on the reaction bars by means of some clamps 8 closing the lower part of the reaction bars 4 .
  • the clamps are fixed to the frame 13 by conventional fastening means, such as for example screws and nuts.
  • the second parallel sides 7 comprise means of reinforcement, preferably by means of folding its edges forming flanges that define a transverse cross-section in the shape of a “U”.
  • each of the first parallel sides 6 On the surface of each of the first parallel sides 6 a steel cable 9 is provided whose ends are attached to the confronting parallel side faces of each of the actuators 1 , in such a way that if disconnection of one of the actuators 1 takes place it remains suspended from the corresponding first cable 9 which in turn remains supported by one of the first parallel sides 6 and by means of the reaction bar 4 .
  • vertical arms 10 Fixed in the midpoint of the second parallel sides 7 are some vertical arms 10 , preferably made of folded sheet metal, which incorporate means of reinforcement, for example ribs, such that the vertical arms 10 are prevented from being able to oscillate when they are subjected to loads.
  • the vertical arms 10 are fixed by conventional means of fastening, such as screws and nuts, rivets or by welding.
  • It also comprises a second steel cable 12 located around each one of the horizontal parallel bars 11 , in such a way that the ends of each of the second cables 12 are fixed to the side wall of the actuator 1 to which it is confronted, forming a loop that is traversed by the corresponding horizontal parallel bar 11 .
  • the joint of one of the ends of the first cables 9 and of the second cables 12 is done in a permanent manner, while that of their other end is done in a detachable way, for example by means of screws, in order to allow the actuators 1 to be detached in the event that this becomes necessary.
  • the first cable 9 makes contact with the surface of its corresponding first parallel side 6 and the actuator 1 remains hanging by means of the first cable 9 , reaction bar 4 and first parallel side 6 .
  • the lateral movements of the body of the actuator are limited by means of the second cables 12 , due to being traversed by the horizontal parallel bars 11 .
  • the actuator 1 comes loose from the fixed first piece 2 , it continues to be connected to the mobile second piece 3 , with which the displacement of the mobile second piece 3 produced by the other actuator 1 could provoke a pulling movement on the actuator, which means that the dimensioning of the device has to be adequate for permitting said pulling movement to be performed, during which the steel cables 9 run along the surface of the first parallel sides 6 , and so that the length of these has to be such that the pulling movement of the actuator 1 is not limited, said actuator 1 sliding along the surface of the first parallel side 6 , thereby avoiding the actuator 1 from becoming blocked in a fixed position, and with this way also avoiding damages or friction of the reaction bar 4 , since it remains protected by the first parallel sides 6 .
  • the lateral movements of the body of the actuator are limited by means of the second cables 12 along the horizontal parallel bars 11 .
  • the dimensioning of the safety device also has to be adequate for permitting the normal functioning of the actuator.
  • both the second parallel sides 7 and the vertical arms 10 can be lighter since they do not require any additional means of reinforcement for bearing the load of the two actuators 1 simultaneously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
US12/318,793 2008-10-31 2009-01-08 Safety attachment device for two actuators Abandoned US20100108845A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP200803105 2008-10-31
ES200803105A ES2338087B8 (es) 2008-10-31 2008-10-31 Dispositivo de seguridad de cogida para dos actuadores.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100108845A1 true US20100108845A1 (en) 2010-05-06

Family

ID=42105789

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/318,793 Abandoned US20100108845A1 (en) 2008-10-31 2009-01-08 Safety attachment device for two actuators

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20100108845A1 (pt)
CN (1) CN102187102B (pt)
BR (1) BRPI0919362A2 (pt)
CA (1) CA2738887A1 (pt)
ES (1) ES2338087B8 (pt)
WO (1) WO2010049567A1 (pt)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100078540A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Agustin Mariano Martin Hernandez Safety retention device for an actuator
US20140175216A1 (en) * 2012-12-26 2014-06-26 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Actuator device for flight control surface, flight control surface of aircraft, and aircraft
CN108020412A (zh) * 2018-01-15 2018-05-11 中铁时代建筑设计院有限公司 一种用于水平作动器与反力墙的连接装置

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2678788A (en) * 1952-10-08 1954-05-18 Western Electric Co Safety device for counterbalanced members
US4190262A (en) * 1977-05-10 1980-02-26 Johansson Kurt E Device for securing a load on a vehicle
US4258895A (en) * 1979-05-18 1981-03-31 Rorie Jessie O Suspension means for smoke ejectors
US5131620A (en) * 1991-03-18 1992-07-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Rack for suspending a component below a support surface
US5725293A (en) * 1996-08-09 1998-03-10 Odl, Incorporated Overhead storage unit
US6098944A (en) * 1999-05-05 2000-08-08 Weber Knapp Company Holder for supporting a component below a support
US6164507A (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-12-26 Yakima Products, Inc. Boat rack with selectively engageable gripping surface
US6827169B1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2004-12-07 Daimlerchrysler Corporation Force distributing top mount battery retention system
US6986491B2 (en) * 2002-11-12 2006-01-17 Knape & Vogt Manufacturing Co. CPU holder
US7063299B2 (en) * 2001-08-23 2006-06-20 Gripple Limited Suspending equipment
US20060207357A1 (en) * 2004-12-31 2006-09-21 Airbus Espana, S.L. Actuator safety attachment device
US7305794B1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2007-12-11 Cantrell Gregory R Flower mounting assembly for a headstone
US20090256044A1 (en) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-15 Steve Miller Suspension system and method

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2223204A (en) * 1988-09-28 1990-04-04 Vauxhall Motors Ltd Propeller shaft guard
EP1921347A3 (en) * 2006-11-06 2010-08-04 Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas, S.A. Single drive actuation system with redundancies and safety device

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2678788A (en) * 1952-10-08 1954-05-18 Western Electric Co Safety device for counterbalanced members
US4190262A (en) * 1977-05-10 1980-02-26 Johansson Kurt E Device for securing a load on a vehicle
US4258895A (en) * 1979-05-18 1981-03-31 Rorie Jessie O Suspension means for smoke ejectors
US5131620A (en) * 1991-03-18 1992-07-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Rack for suspending a component below a support surface
US5725293A (en) * 1996-08-09 1998-03-10 Odl, Incorporated Overhead storage unit
US6164507A (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-12-26 Yakima Products, Inc. Boat rack with selectively engageable gripping surface
US6098944A (en) * 1999-05-05 2000-08-08 Weber Knapp Company Holder for supporting a component below a support
US7063299B2 (en) * 2001-08-23 2006-06-20 Gripple Limited Suspending equipment
US6986491B2 (en) * 2002-11-12 2006-01-17 Knape & Vogt Manufacturing Co. CPU holder
US6827169B1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2004-12-07 Daimlerchrysler Corporation Force distributing top mount battery retention system
US7305794B1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2007-12-11 Cantrell Gregory R Flower mounting assembly for a headstone
US20060207357A1 (en) * 2004-12-31 2006-09-21 Airbus Espana, S.L. Actuator safety attachment device
US7273989B2 (en) * 2004-12-31 2007-09-25 Airbus Espana, S.L. Actuator safety attachment device
US20090256044A1 (en) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-15 Steve Miller Suspension system and method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100078540A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Agustin Mariano Martin Hernandez Safety retention device for an actuator
US20140175216A1 (en) * 2012-12-26 2014-06-26 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Actuator device for flight control surface, flight control surface of aircraft, and aircraft
US9663221B2 (en) * 2012-12-26 2017-05-30 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Actuator device for flight control surface, flight control surface of aircraft, and aircraft
CN108020412A (zh) * 2018-01-15 2018-05-11 中铁时代建筑设计院有限公司 一种用于水平作动器与反力墙的连接装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2338087A1 (es) 2010-05-03
BRPI0919362A2 (pt) 2016-01-05
CA2738887A1 (en) 2010-05-06
ES2338087B8 (es) 2011-08-01
WO2010049567A1 (es) 2010-05-06
ES2338087B2 (es) 2011-02-02
CN102187102B (zh) 2014-12-03
CN102187102A (zh) 2011-09-14

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Legal Events

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AS Assignment

Owner name: AIRBUS ESPANA, S.L.,SPAIN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MARTIN HERNANDEZ, AGUSTIN MARIANO;REEL/FRAME:022438/0026

Effective date: 20090217

AS Assignment

Owner name: AIRBUS OPERATIONS, S.L.,SPAIN

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:AIRBUS ESPANA, S.L.;REEL/FRAME:023861/0978

Effective date: 20090506

Owner name: AIRBUS OPERATIONS, S.L., SPAIN

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:AIRBUS ESPANA, S.L.;REEL/FRAME:023861/0978

Effective date: 20090506

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION