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US20100056934A1 - Apparatus and method for measuring pulse wave - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for measuring pulse wave Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100056934A1
US20100056934A1 US12/512,359 US51235909A US2010056934A1 US 20100056934 A1 US20100056934 A1 US 20100056934A1 US 51235909 A US51235909 A US 51235909A US 2010056934 A1 US2010056934 A1 US 2010056934A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
pulse wave
light emitting
light receiving
signal
elements
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Abandoned
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US12/512,359
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English (en)
Inventor
Hyeonsung Cho
Joochan Sohn
Jaehong Kim
Chankyu Park
Yunkoo Chung
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Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
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Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
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Assigned to ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE reassignment ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHO, HYEONSUNG, CHUNG, YUNKOO, KIM, JAEHONG, PARK, CHANKYU, SOHN, JOOCHAN
Publication of US20100056934A1 publication Critical patent/US20100056934A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02416—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02438—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/681—Wristwatch-type devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0233—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
    • A61B2562/043—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a linear array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring a pulse wave, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for measuring a pulse wave that can measure a pulse wave of a person to be examined in an unrestrictive state using a plurality of optical elements.
  • PPG photoplethysmogram
  • optical sensors have been used as a method that measures a photoplethysmogram (hereinafter, referred to as ‘PPG’) of a human being.
  • the method radiates light that reacts with blood flowing through blood vessels and converts the amount of reflected light or the amount of transmitted light into a signal, thereby measuring the PPG.
  • This method using the optical sensors, which measures the PPG is in contact with fingertips and earlobes of the human being. This is because portions of a body where capillary vessels are most developed are the fingertips and the earlobes of a human being and the PPG can be easiest measured at the corresponding portions.
  • the PPG has been widely used in various fields. For example, aging of blood vessels, a stress state analysis, and an emotional state analysis have been performed by measuring and analyzing the PPG. In recent years, with the advent of a ubiquitous environment, it has been required to measure the PPG to be suitable for the ubiquitous environment. One of the core characteristics of the ubiquitous environment is to support services in an unconscious state. However, in the existing PPG measuring methods, users are conscious of PPG measurement activities or the PPG is intentionally measured.
  • a pulse wave measuring apparatus is worn on a wrist of a person to be examined and measures a pulse wave signal.
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus comprises a sensor unit that includes a plurality of light emitting elements and a plurality of light receiving elements and detects a pulse wave signal of the person to be examined, and a control unit that selects any one of combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements according to signal sensitivity of a pulse wave signal that is detected for each combination, and activates the light emitting element and the light receiving element corresponding to the selected combination to measure a pulse wave.
  • the sensor unit includes the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements that are disposed in a line. Further, the sensor unit includes the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements that are alternately disposed. At this time, each of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements is composed of a pair of the light emitting element and the light receiving element that are adjacent to each other.
  • control unit includes a switching unit that controls an ON/OFF state of each of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements.
  • the switching unit turns on the corresponding light emitting element and light receiving element for each of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements.
  • the control unit calculates an RMS of the pulse wave signal that is detected for each of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements, and measures signal sensitivity for the corresponding pulse wave signal.
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus further comprises a display unit that outputs pulse wave measurement data that is measured by the control unit.
  • a pulse wave measuring method uses a pulse wave measuring apparatus that is worn on a wrist of a person to be examined and measures a pulse wave signal.
  • the pulse wave measuring method comprises measuring signal sensitivity of a pulse wave signal that is detected for each of the combinations of a plurality of light emitting elements and a plurality of light receiving elements that are included in the sensor unit; selecting any one of the combinations on the basis of the measured signal sensitivity; and activating the light emitting element and the light receiving element corresponding to the selected combination and measuring the pulse wave.
  • the pulse wave signal in the measuring of the signal sensitivity is detected from the light emitting element and the light receiving element corresponding to each of the combinations, in a state where the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements are alternately disposed in a line. Further, each of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements is composed of a pair of the light emitting element and the light receiving element that are adjacent to each other.
  • the measuring of the signal sensitivity includes controlling an ON/OFF state of each of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements. At this time, the controlling of the ON/OFF state turns on only the light emitting element and light receiving element corresponding to the selected combination of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements.
  • the controlling of the ON/OFF state turns on the corresponding light emitting element and light receiving element for each of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements. Meanwhile, the measuring of the pulse wave, turns on only the light emitting element and the light receiving element corresponding to the combination that is selected in the selecting of the combination among the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements.
  • the measuring of the signal sensitivity calculates an RMS of the pulse wave signal that is detected for each of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements, and measures signal sensitivity for the corresponding pulse wave signal.
  • the measuring of the signal sensitivity includes setting a maximum signal sensitivity value as zero, and updating the maximum signal sensitivity value to the signal sensitivity value measured for each of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements, when the measured signal sensitivity value is larger than the previous signal sensitivity value, for each of the combinations.
  • the pulse wave measuring method further comprises outputting the pulse wave measurement data measured in the measuring of the pulse wave.
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus is like a wristwatch or a wristband such that the pulse wave measuring apparatus can be worn on a wrist of a person to be examined, the pulse wave measuring apparatus can achieve superior portability and measure a pulse wave in an unrestrictive state.
  • a pulse wave signal is detected for a combination of a plurality of light emitting elements and a plurality of light receiving elements in a state where the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements are alternately disposed in a line. Accordingly, an optimal pulse wave can be detected from a pulse wave signal that is detected by a combination of the light emitting element and the light receiving element that are adjacent to a blood vessel of a person to be examined.
  • stress, a health state, and an emotional state of the person to be examined can be periodically managed by transmitting pulse wave measured data of the person to be examined to an external apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a pulse wave measuring apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A to 3 are exemplary views illustrating a pulse wave measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating the configuration of a sensor unit in a pulse wave measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 5A to 7B are diagrams illustrating the operation of a sensor unit in a pulse wave measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of a pulse wave detecting method using a pulse wave measuring apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a pulse wave measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus uses optical sensors to measure a photoplethysmogram (PPG) of a person to be examined.
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus includes a sensor unit 110 , a control unit 120 , and a display unit 130 .
  • the photoplethysmogram includes a heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and contraction and expansion of blood vessels.
  • a state of the person to be examined can be predicted through the photoplethysmogram.
  • the sensor unit 110 comes into contact with the skin of the person to be examined and detects a pulse wave signal of the corresponding portion.
  • the sensor unit 110 includes a plurality of optical sensors, and the plurality of optical sensors are divided into a light emitting unit and a light receiving unit.
  • the light emitting unit includes a plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 that emit optical signals, and light emitting diodes are used as the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 .
  • the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 are independently operated.
  • the light receiving unit includes a plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 that receive the optical signals emitted from the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 , and photodiodes are used as the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 .
  • the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 are independently operated.
  • the sensor unit 110 is configured such that the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 are linearly disposed. At this time, the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 are alternately disposed.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 may be variously disposed other than the above.
  • the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 may be disposed in a zigzag type on a straight line.
  • the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 detect a pulse signal of the person to be examined at the places where the individual elements are located.
  • the control unit 120 is directly or indirectly connected to the sensor unit 110 , and receives and processes the pulse wave signal that is detected by the sensor unit 110 .
  • the control unit 120 includes a signal processing unit 121 , a light emitting signal output unit 122 , a signal amplifying unit 123 , a filter unit 124 , a switching unit 125 , and a pulse wave signal output unit 126 .
  • the light emitting signal output unit 122 is connected to each of the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 , and adjusts the optical signals output from the light emitting elements. For example, the light emitting signal output unit 122 adjusts brightness of the optical signals that are output from the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 .
  • the light receiving elements receive the optical signals that are output from the light emitting elements and apply the optical signals to the control unit 120 .
  • the optical signal that is received by the light receiving sensor is a signal that passes through the blood vessels of the person to be examined and is then reflected, and becomes the pulse wave signal.
  • the signal amplifying unit 123 is connected to each of the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 , and receives the pulse wave signal that is detected by each of the light receiving elements 111 and 115 and amplifies the pulse wave signal to have signal intensity of a predetermined value or more.
  • the filter unit 124 removes a noise signal from the signal that is amplified by the signal amplifying unit 123 . As such, the pulse wave signals that are detected by the light receiving elements 111 and 115 pass through the signal amplifying unit 123 and the filter unit 124 and are then input to the signal processing unit 121 .
  • the signal processing unit 121 controls the operations of the light emitting signal output unit 122 , the signal amplifying unit 123 , the filter unit 124 , the switching unit 125 , and the pulse wave signal output unit 126 . Further, the signal processing unit 121 reads the pulse wave signals that are detected by the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 and measures signal sensitivity on the individual signals. For example, the signal processing unit 121 measures a root mean square (RMS) on the pulse wave signal that is detected by each of the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 , and measures signal sensitivity of the corresponding pulse wave signal from the measured RMS.
  • RMS root mean square
  • the signal processing unit 121 controls the operation of the switching unit 125 , such that, for each of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 , the light emitting element and the light receiving element corresponding to each combination are turned on, thereby measuring signal sensitivity of the pulse wave signal that is detected for each of the combinations. At this time, from the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 , the signal processing unit 121 selects a combination, from which the pulse wave signal having the largest signal sensitivity is detected.
  • the switching unit 125 is connected to the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 , and controls an ON/OFF state of each of the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 in accordance with a control command from the signal processing unit 121 .
  • the switching unit 125 turns on the corresponding elements in accordance with the control command from the signal processing unit 121 , but turns off the other elements. At this time, the switching unit 125 continuously controls the ON/OFF states of the light emitting elements and the light receiving elements, until signal sensitivity measurement for each of the combinations is completed.
  • the switching unit 125 finally turns on only the light emitting element and the light receiving element of the corresponding combination.
  • the signal processing unit 121 analyzes the pulse wave signal that is detected by the light emitting element and the light receiving element corresponding to the finally selected combination so as to measure a pulse wave, generates pulse wave measurement data including a pulse wave measurement result, and outputs the pulse wave measurement data to the outside through the pulse wave signal output unit 126 .
  • the pulse wave measurement data may include information of at least one of a frequency, a pulse wave velocity, and a pulse wave transit time, a pulse wave transit velocity of the corresponding pulse wave signal.
  • the pulse wave measurement data that is output from the pulse wave signal output unit 126 may be transmitted to an external apparatus using a wired or wireless communication method.
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus is linked to a hospital information system, a medical portal, and a mobile communication apparatus, thereby realizing application scenarios, such as various health managements and disease managements.
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus is linked to an intelligent robot, such that the robot can detect stress, a health state, and an emotional state through a pulse wave signal analysis of the human being. Accordingly, the pulse wave measuring apparatus can be used as a core element to implement various intelligent robot services.
  • the display unit 130 outputs the pulse wave measurement data, which is output from the pulse wave signal output unit 126 , to a screen.
  • examples of the display unit 130 may include generally used display units, such as an LCD, a PDP, and a touch screen.
  • the pulse wave measurement data may be output through a voice output unit, such as a speaker, or other output units, although not shown in the drawings.
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus further includes a power supply unit (not shown) that supplies power to the sensor unit 110 , the control unit 120 , the display unit 130 , and the internal elements.
  • a power supply unit (not shown) that supplies power to the sensor unit 110 , the control unit 120 , the display unit 130 , and the internal elements.
  • FIGS. 2A to 6 show an embodiment of a pulse wave measuring apparatus that is configured as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus is implemented to be mounted in a band, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show a front surface and a rear surface of a band on which a pulse wave measuring apparatus is mounted.
  • FIG. 2A shows a front surface of a band 1
  • FIG. 2B shows a rear surface of the band 1 . At this time, it is assumed that the rear surface directly contacts a wrist of the person to be examined.
  • a body 100 of the pulse wave measuring apparatus is provided at a center of the band 1 that can be worn on the wrist of the person to be examined, and the display unit 130 that outputs the pulse wave signal is provided on the front surface of the band 1 .
  • the control unit 120 that is mounted on the body 100 of the pulse wave measuring apparatus and the sensor unit 110 that directly contacts the skin of the person to be examined and detects the pulse wave signal from the blood vessels are provided on the rear surface of the band 1 .
  • the sensor unit 110 is disposed to be away from the control unit 120 , is connected to the control unit 120 through a connecting line L, and applies a detection signal to the control unit 120 through the connecting line L.
  • the sensor unit 110 is disposed to be away from the control unit 120 at a left side or a right side, and the sensor unit 110 and the control unit 120 are connected to each other through the connecting line L.
  • the connecting line L includes a signal line through which the detected pulse wave signal is transmitted and a power line that that supplies operation power.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the configuration that is shown in FIG. 2B .
  • the sensor unit 110 is directly connected to the control unit 120 . Since the sensor unit 110 is directly connected to the control unit 120 , a separate connecting line is not needed.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating the configuration of a sensor unit 110 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a front view of a sensor unit 110
  • FIG. 4B is a lateral cross-sectional view of the sensor unit 110 .
  • the sensor unit 110 has the configuration where the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 are disposed linearly on a substrate.
  • the substrate is formed of thin material that can ensure flexibility. Accordingly, since the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 come into surface contact with the wrist of the person to be examined, it is possible to detect a pulse wave signal according to each location.
  • the location of the blood vessel is different for each person to be examined, if the plurality of light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the plurality of light receiving elements 111 and 115 are alternately disposed in a line, it is possible to accurately measure a pulse wave signal using the light emitting elements and the light receiving elements at the places where the blood vessels are located. This embodiment is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • material such as silicon or epoxy, which is soft, has excellent elasticity, and prevents light from being transmitted, is attached to top and bottom surfaces of a substrate where the light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the light receiving element 111 and 115 are attached.
  • portions of the light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the light receiving elements 111 and 115 of the sensor unit 110 are opened on the top surface of the substrate, such that a pulse wave signal can be detected. Accordingly, when a pulse wave of the person to be examined is measured, the pulse wave signal is detected using the optical sensors. Thus, elements of light, except for an optical signal between the light emitting elements 113 and 117 and the light receiving elements 111 and 115 , are blocked.
  • a groove that has the same size as the sensor unit 110 is formed in a predetermined area of the band 1 , such that the sensor unit 110 is inserted into the groove. Accordingly, when the sensor unit 110 contacts the skin of the person to be examined, it is possible to prevent light from being incident from the side.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7B show an embodiment of a sensor unit.
  • FIG. 5 shows an element combination table for light emitting elements and light receiving elements that are included in a sensor unit. In this case, ON/OFF states of the light emitting elements and the light receiving elements are shown for each combination. At this time, in order to promote understanding of the embodiment of the present invention, a channel number is assigned to a signal that is detected for each combination.
  • FIG. 6 shows a signal channel that is transmitted and received between a plurality of light emitting elements and a plurality of light receiving elements.
  • each element combination is shown in the element combination table shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the locations of blood vessels that can detect an optimal pulse wave signal for an individual person are various, and the optical pulse signal can be detected through the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements.
  • the optical pulse signal can be detected through the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements.
  • four elements that is, the two light receiving elements 111 and 115 and the two light emitting elements 113 and 117 are provided.
  • the number of each of the light emitting elements and the light receiving elements may be changed according to the sizes and types of the elements.
  • the four elements that are shown in FIG. 6 are referred to as a first element, a second element, a third element, and a fourth element, for convenience of explanation.
  • the first element is the first light receiving element 111
  • the second element is the second light receiving element 115
  • the third element is the first light emitting element 113
  • the fourth element is the second light emitting element 117 .
  • the light receiving elements 111 and 115 and the light emitting elements 113 and 117 are alternately disposed in a straight line, thereby forming a total of four combinations. That is, when the elements are disposed in the order of the first element 111 , the third element 113 , the second element 115 , and the fourth element 117 , combinations of ⁇ the first element and the third elements ⁇ , ⁇ the first element and the fourth element ⁇ , ⁇ the second element and the third element ⁇ , and ⁇ the second element and the fourth element ⁇ are formed.
  • a signal that is measured by the combination of ⁇ the first element and the third element ⁇ is referred to as a first channel cn 1
  • a signal that is measured by the combination of ⁇ the first element and the fourth element ⁇ is referred to as a second channel cn 2
  • a signal that is measured by the combination of ⁇ the second element and the third element ⁇ is referred to as a third channel cn 3
  • a signal that is measured by the combination of ⁇ the second element and the fourth element ⁇ is referred to as a fourth channel cn 4 .
  • the signal processing unit 121 measures signal sensitivity for each of the four channels cn 1 , cn 2 , cn 3 , and cn 4 that are measured by the individual signal combinations, confirms the channel having optimal signal sensitivity, and measures a pulse wave from a pulse wave signal that is detected by activating only an element corresponding to the relevant channel.
  • all of the combinations are formed by the pairs of the light emitting elements and the light receiving elements using the two light emitting elements and the two light receiving elements.
  • the combinations may be formed by only the pairs of the light emitting elements and the light receiving elements adjacent to each other.
  • the third element 113 is adjacent to the first element 111 and the second element 115 .
  • combinations of ⁇ the first element and the third element ⁇ and ⁇ the second element and the third element ⁇ are formed.
  • the fourth element 117 is adjacent to the second element 115 , a combination of ⁇ the second element and the fourth element ⁇ is formed. Accordingly, since the first element 111 and the fourth element 117 are not adjacent to each other, signal sensitivity is measured to be lower than the other combinations.
  • the corresponding combination is not formed, or when the corresponding combination is already formed, the pulse wave signal is not detected.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show an embodiment according to a location of a sensor unit in a pulse wave measuring apparatus that is mounted on a wrist of a person to be examined.
  • FIG. 7A shows the case where a sensor unit 110 is located to be biased to the left side of a wrist.
  • the sensor unit 110 detects a pulse wave signal from a radial artery ‘A’ in blood vessels A and B of the person to be examined.
  • the signal processing unit 121 measures a pulse wave through the third channel cn 3 according to a combination of ⁇ the second element and the third element ⁇ that are located around the radial artery ‘A’.
  • FIG. 7B shows the case where a sensor unit is located at the center of a wrist of a person to be examined.
  • the signal processing unit 121 measures a pulse wave through the first channel cn 1 according to a combination of ⁇ the first element and the third element ⁇ that are located around the radial artery ‘A’.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operational flow of a pulse wave measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, which shows a process of detecting an optimal pulse wave signal according to a plurality of element combinations. At this time, the entire operational flow of the pulse wave measuring apparatus is omitted.
  • an optical signal is output from a light emitting unit of the sensor unit 110 as a control signal is output from the light emitting signal output unit 122 .
  • the optical signal that is output from the light emitting unit passes through a blood vessel of the skin of the person to be examined and is then input to the light receiving unit.
  • the signal that is input to the light receiving unit as a pulse wave signal is output such that a signal frequency is different according to a bloodstream speed of the blood vessels.
  • the pulse wave signal that is input to the light receiving unit is transmitted to a signal amplifying unit 123 of the control unit 120 , and the signal amplifying unit 123 amplifies the input pulse wave signal as a signal having a predetermined value.
  • the partial noise of the pulse wave signal that is amplified by the signal amplifying unit 123 is removed by the filter unit 124 and the pulse wave signal is transmitted to the signal processing unit 121 .
  • the signal processing unit 121 detects an optimal pulse wave signal according to an element combination of the sensor unit 110 , and the detected pulse wave signal is output to the outside through the pulse wave signal output unit 126 .
  • the pulse wave signal that is output through the pulse wave signal output unit 126 is transmitted to the display unit 130 and output to a screen, and may be transmitted to an external apparatus using a wired or wireless communication method.
  • the signal processing unit 121 controls the operation of a switching unit 125 to turn on the elements (the first and second elements) corresponding to the first channel cn( 1 ) (Step S 210 ).
  • an initial variable value for prev may be changed according to setting.
  • the signal processing unit 121 calculates RMS( 1 ) of the first channel cn( 1 ) detected from the combination of ⁇ the first element and the third element ⁇ , thereby measuring signal sensitivity for cn( 1 ) (S 220 ).
  • the signal processing unit 121 increases a value of ‘i’ by 1 (S 250 ) and allows the elements (the first element and the fourth element) corresponding to cn( 2 ) to be turned on (S 210 ). At this time, the signal processing unit 121 calculates RMS( 2 ) of cn( 2 ) that is detected by the combination of ⁇ the first element and the fourth element ⁇ , thereby measuring signal sensitivity for cn( 2 ) (S 220 ). In a process of ‘S 230 ’, RMS( 2 ) and RMS( 2 ) as the current prev value are compared and a high value is set as the prev value. That is, when a value of signal sensitivity for cn( 2 ) is larger than a previous value of signal sensitivity, a maximum signal sensitivity value is updated as a current signal sensitivity value.
  • the signal processing unit 121 calculates RMS( 3 ) of cn( 3 ) that is detected from the combination of ⁇ the second element and the third element ⁇ , thereby allowing signal sensitivity for cn( 3 ) to be measured (S 220 ).
  • RMS( 3 ) and the prev value are compared and a high value is set as the prev value.
  • the signal processing unit 121 increases the value of ‘i’ by ‘1’ (S 250 ), such that the elements (the third element and the fourth element) corresponding to cn( 4 ) are turned on (S 210 ). Meanwhile, when RMS( 3 ) is smaller than the current prev value, the process of ‘S 240 ’ is omitted and the value of ‘i’ is immediately increased by ‘1’ (S 250 ), such that the elements (the third element and the fourth element) corresponding to cn( 4 ) are turned on (S 210 ).
  • the signal processing unit 121 calculates RMS( 4 ) of cn( 4 ) that is detected from the combination of ⁇ the third element and the fourth element ⁇ , thereby allowing signal sensitivity for cn( 4 ) to be measured (S 220 ).
  • RMS( 4 ) and the prev value are compared and a high value is set as the prev value.
  • RMS( 4 ) is smaller than the current prev value
  • the process of ‘S 240 ’ is omitted.
  • the signal processing unit 121 selects a signal channel having the highest signal sensitivity, that is, cn( 2 ) on the basis of the final s value and prev value, and turns on only the elements corresponding to the selected cn(s), thereby detecting the optimal pulse wave signal (S 270 ).
  • the pulse wave measuring apparatus detects the pulse wave signal for each of the combinations of the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements, thereby measuring the optimal pulse wave. Accordingly, it is possible to provide the accurate pulse wave measured data to the person to be examined.
  • the apparatus and method for measuring a pulse wave according to the embodiment of the present invention are limited to the embodiments. All or a portion of the embodiments may be configured to be selectively combined, such that various modifications and changes can be made.

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  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
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US9113793B2 (en) 2010-12-10 2015-08-25 Rohm Co., Ltd. Pulse wave sensor
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US10143379B2 (en) * 2012-02-20 2018-12-04 National University Corporation Hamamatsu University School Of Medicine Fluorescence detection device
US20150073273A1 (en) * 2012-02-20 2015-03-12 National University Corporation Hamamatsu University School Of Medicine Fluorescence detection device
JP2018030031A (ja) * 2012-09-18 2018-03-01 カシオ計算機株式会社 脈拍データ検出装置、脈拍データ検出方法、および脈拍データ検出プログラム
JP2014076273A (ja) * 2012-09-18 2014-05-01 Casio Comput Co Ltd 脈拍データ検出装置、脈拍データ検出方法、および脈拍データ検出プログラム
US10426360B2 (en) 2013-05-15 2019-10-01 Pulseon Oy Portable pulse measuring device
US20200205731A1 (en) * 2014-08-24 2020-07-02 Tula Health, Inc. Aligning measurement data sets from different devices
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US12161447B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2024-12-10 Apple Inc. Reflective surfaces for PPG signal detection
US11536653B2 (en) 2014-09-02 2022-12-27 Apple Inc. Multiple light paths architecture and obscuration methods for signal and perfusion index optimization
US10215698B2 (en) * 2014-09-02 2019-02-26 Apple Inc. Multiple light paths architecture and obscuration methods for signal and perfusion index optimization
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US20160058312A1 (en) * 2014-09-02 2016-03-03 Apple Inc. Multiple light paths architecture and obscuration methods for signal and perfusion index optimization
US12502085B2 (en) * 2014-12-03 2025-12-23 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Methods and systems for detecting physiology for monitoring cardiac health
US10849516B2 (en) * 2014-12-30 2020-12-01 Arnuxon Pharm-Sci Co., Ltd. Intelligent health strap
US20180000361A1 (en) * 2015-01-04 2018-01-04 Empire Technology Development Llc Blood pressure monitor
US20230022354A1 (en) * 2016-07-15 2023-01-26 Apple Inc. Sensor window with integrated isolation feature
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US12023153B2 (en) 2017-02-13 2024-07-02 Apple Inc. Light restriction designs in optical sensing applications having shared windows
US12064224B2 (en) 2017-09-26 2024-08-20 Apple Inc. Concentric architecture for optical sensing
US12318178B2 (en) 2017-09-26 2025-06-03 Apple Inc. Concentric architecture for optical sensing
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