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US20100052261A1 - Metallic seal for use in highly-corrosive oil and gas environments - Google Patents

Metallic seal for use in highly-corrosive oil and gas environments Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100052261A1
US20100052261A1 US12/203,764 US20376408A US2010052261A1 US 20100052261 A1 US20100052261 A1 US 20100052261A1 US 20376408 A US20376408 A US 20376408A US 2010052261 A1 US2010052261 A1 US 2010052261A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
seal
alloy
recited
corrosion
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/203,764
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Salvador Maldonado
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vetco Gray LLC
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US12/203,764 priority Critical patent/US20100052261A1/en
Assigned to VETCO GRAY INC. reassignment VETCO GRAY INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MALDONADO, SALVADOR, MR.
Priority to GB0914821.4A priority patent/GB2463144B/en
Priority to SG2012014858A priority patent/SG179428A1/en
Priority to SG200905806-6A priority patent/SG159487A1/en
Priority to BRPI0903269-0A priority patent/BRPI0903269B1/pt
Publication of US20100052261A1 publication Critical patent/US20100052261A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/08—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
    • F16J15/0818—Flat gaskets
    • F16J15/0825—Flat gaskets laminated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/08—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
    • F16J15/0881—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing the sealing effect being obtained by plastic deformation of the packing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/26—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with stuffing-boxes for rigid sealing rings
    • F16J15/28—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with stuffing-boxes for rigid sealing rings with sealing rings made of metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982—Coating
    • Y10T29/49986—Subsequent to metal working

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to metallic seal assemblies for use in sealing components of oil and gas wells.
  • the invention relates to a seal assembly for use in a highly-corrosive well environment, such as a well having high levels of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, water, and chlorides.
  • Oil and gas wells may contain many substances that combine together to create a highly-corrosive environment for oil field equipment.
  • a seal that is used in a highly-corrosive environment that is not able to withstand the corrosive effects of the environment will begin to corrode. Eventually, the integrity of the seal will be lost and the seal assembly will fail.
  • Wells are generally categorized as being either “sweet” or “sour.” A well is categorized as a sweet well if it is only mildly corrosive. Conversely, a well is categorized as a sour well if it is very corrosive. The presence of several different compounds can make a well a sour well, such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, chlorides, and free sulfur.
  • SCC stress corrosion cracking
  • SSC Sulfide stress cracking
  • SSCC sulfide stress corrosion cracking
  • Susceptible alloys especially steels, react with hydrogen sulfide, forming metal sulfides and elementary atomic hydrogen.
  • Atomic hydrogen created as a by-product of a cathodic reaction in the presence of H 2 S, diffuses into the metal matrix.
  • Small quantities of hydrogen present inside certain metallic materials make the latter brittle and susceptible to sub-critical crack growth under stress. Some materials may exhibit a marked decrease in their load carrying capacity and fail in a brittle fashion when stressed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen. Both of these processes may be called hydrogen embrittlement.
  • the materials used in the wells typically are selected based on their corrosion-resistance and strength, as well as cost-effectiveness.
  • a technique is provided for sealing components located in highly corrosive environments, such as sour wells operating at high temperatures and pressures.
  • a seal assembly is used to form a seal between components.
  • the seal assembly is comprised of a base metal structure with a softer metal layer over the base metal structure.
  • the purpose of the soft metal layer is to deform and, thereby, form a seal against a surface of an opposing component.
  • the material of the base metal structure is chosen to provide structural integrity to the seal. Ideally, both materials should be selected to be compatible with the corrosive fluids.
  • the base metal structure of the seal is comprised of a corrosion-resistant alloy.
  • a corrosion-resistant alloy examples of some corrosion resistant alloys commonly used in the oil and gas industry are nickel and cobalt alloys, such as UNS N07718, UNS N07716, UNS N07725, UNS N09925, UNS R30006 and UNS R31233.
  • the metal layer also is comprised of a corrosion-resistant alloy or metal, such as titanium, or a refractory metal, such as tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium and more specifically, tantalum.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a seal disposed between a wellhead and a wellhead connector, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present technique
  • FIG. 1A is a detailed cross-sectional view taken generally along line 1 A- 1 A of FIG. 1 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present technique;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a seal disposed between a casing hanger and a wellhead, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present technique
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the seal of FIG. 2 activated to form a seal between the casing hanger and the wellhead, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present technique;
  • FIG. 3A is a detailed cross-sectional view taken generally along line 3 A- 3 A of FIG. 3 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present technique;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a seal assembly for a swivel device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present technique.
  • FIG. 4A is a detailed cross-sectional view taken generally along line 4 A- 4 A of FIG. 4 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present technique.
  • the wellhead connector 24 is used to connect an object, such as a subsurface tree, to the high pressure wellhead 22 .
  • the wellhead connector 24 has a lower portion (not shown) that is disposed over the exterior of the wellhead 22 .
  • the wellhead connector 24 has a locking member, such as dogs (not shown) that are moved into engagement with grooves (not shown) formed on the exterior of the wellhead 22 .
  • the high pressure wellhead has an inner bore 26 that is coaxial with an inner bore 28 of the wellhead connector 24 when the wellhead connector 24 is secured to the wellhead 22 .
  • a gasket or seal ring 30 is disposed between the high pressure wellhead 22 and wellhead connector 24 to seal the inner bore 26 of the wellhead 22 to the inner bore 28 of the wellhead connector 28 .
  • Seal ring 30 is generally T-shaped and has an upper leg 32 and a lower leg 34 .
  • the upper leg 32 and lower leg 34 are symmetrical.
  • the upper leg 32 and lower leg 34 may be asymmetrical.
  • each leg has a first seal band 36 and a second seal band 38 .
  • the seal ring 30 is formed so that the first and second seal bands 36 , 38 have a conical shape in this embodiment.
  • the seal ring 30 has a rib 44 that is received into a recess 46 of the wellhead connector 24 .
  • the recess 46 forms a pocket between the wellhead connector 24 and a shoulder 48 of the wellhead 22 .
  • the seal ring 30 is manufactured to be resistant to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
  • SSC sulfide stress cracking
  • SCC stress corrosion cracking
  • the seal ring 30 is manufactured to satisfy the requirements for “HH-Sour Service” as set forth in ANSI/API (Approved American National Standard/American Petroleum Institute) Specification 6A, “Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment.”
  • a material satisfies the requirements for “HH-Sour Service” if it is a CRA (Corrosion Resistant Alloy) in compliance with NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) standard: “MR 0175.”
  • Section 3.1.30 of ANSI/API Specification 6A defines a Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA) as a “nonferrous-based alloy in which any one or the sum of the specified amount of the elements titanium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum exceed
  • the seal ring 30 is comprised of a metal body 50 that is covered with a metal layer 52 .
  • the metal body 50 comprises a corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA). Corrosion resistant alloys are well suited for service in extreme environments. These alloys form a thick and stable oxide layer on their surface protecting the alloy from the corrosive environment.
  • the metal body 50 may be comprised of a metal other than a CRA.
  • Examples of corrosion resistant alloys that may be used for the metal body 50 are nickel and cobalt alloys such as UNS N07718, UNS N07725, UNS N09925, UNS R30006 and UNS R31233.
  • UNS N07718, UNS N07716, UNS N07725 and UNS N09925 are generally classified as precipitation-hardenable nickel alloys.
  • UNS R30006 and UNS R31233 are generally categorized as cobalt based alloys.
  • These nickel and cobalt alloys and others are intentionally alloyed and heat treated to provide the corrosion resistance and strength.
  • the combination of elements makes the alloy resistant to hydrogen embrittlement and stress-corrosion cracking. These alloys are resistance to general corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking in many aqueous environments, including sulfides and chlorides. However, an alloy other than the aforementioned alloys may be used.
  • Alloys UNS N07718, UNS N07716, UNS N07725, UNS N09925, and UNS R31233 are listed in Annex A of Part 3 of NACE MR 0175 as CRAs.
  • Part 3 of NACE MR 0175 is entitled: “Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys.”
  • Annex A is entitled: “Environmental cracking-resistant CRAs and other alloys.”
  • Precipitation-hardened nickel-based alloys that are CRAs and their environmental and material limits are listed in Section A.9 of Annex A by their UNS number.
  • UNS N07718, N09925 are listed in Tables A.31 and A.32, while UNS N07725 is listed in Table A.33 and UNS R31233 in Table A.38 of Annex A.
  • Other CRAs not listed in these industry standards have been successfully and extensively used in oil and gas production fluids containing hydrogen sulfide, such as UNS R30006.
  • the metal body 50 in the illustrated embodiment is covered with a metal layer 52 .
  • the metal layer 52 comprises an alloy, preferably a metal such as a refractory metal.
  • Refractory metals are a class of metals extraordinarily resistant to heat, wear, and corrosion.
  • the five refractory metals are: Tungsten (W), Molybdenum (Mo), Niobium (Nb), Tantalum (Ta), and Rhenium (Re).
  • W Tungsten
  • Mo Mo
  • Ta Tantalum
  • Rhenium Rhenium
  • the metal layer 52 is comprised of tantalum. Tantalum is one of the most corrosion resistant substances available. However, a different refractory metal may be used.
  • the metal layer 52 has a greater ductility than the metal body 50 .
  • the metal layer 52 is provided to form a seal against an opposing seal surface and the metal body 50 is provided to supply structural integrity and strength for the metal layer 52 .
  • the metal layer 52 is disposed over the entire surface of the seal ring 30 in the illustrated embodiment. However, the metal layer 52 may be disposed over less than the entire surface of the seal ring 30 . For example, in an alternative embodiment, the metal layer 52 may be disposed only over a sealing surface or sealing surfaces.
  • the metal layer 52 is a tantalum alloy, such as the tantalum alloy corresponding to UNS No. R05200. Tantalum alloy R05200 is listed in Table A.42 of Annex A of NACE MR 0175 as a CRA. The environmental and material limits for alloy R05200 are provided in Table A.42, as well. As illustrated in FIG. 5 , Table D.12 from Annex D of Part 3 of NACE MR 0175 provides the chemical composition of alloy R05200. The alloy is comprised of small amounts of carbon, cobalt, iron, silicon, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, and titanium, and other elements with the remainder tantalum. However, unalloyed tantalum or another tantalum alloy may be used, such as an alloy corresponding to UNS No. R05210.
  • FIGS. 2 , 3 , and 3 A another portion of the wellhead assembly 20 is presented.
  • a seal assembly 54 is provided to seal an annulus 56 between the wellhead 22 and a casing hanger 58 .
  • the casing hanger 58 is used to support a string of casing (not shown) from the wellhead 22 .
  • the illustrated embodiment of the seal assembly 54 comprises a seal ring 60 and an energizing ring 62 .
  • the seal ring 60 is provided to form a seal with the high pressure wellhead 22 on one side and the casing hanger 58 on the other side, thereby sealing the annulus 56 between the wellhead 22 and the casing hanger 58 .
  • the energizing ring 62 is used to activate the seal ring 60 .
  • the seal ring 60 has an inner leg 64 and an outer leg 66 with a slot 68 between them.
  • the seal ring 60 has a metal body 70 with a metal layer 72 disposed over the surface of the metal body 70 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the metal layer 72 comprises tantalum.
  • the energizing ring 62 may also be comprised of a metal body with a metal layer disposed over the surface.
  • the metal layer 72 is used to form a seal and the metal body 70 is provided to support the metal layer 72 .
  • the metal layer 72 forms a seal with the wellhead 22 and with the casing hanger 58 .
  • the high pressure wellhead 22 and the casing hanger 58 have wickers 74 , 76 , respectively, formed therein.
  • the metal layer 72 is softer than the metal body 70 and is deformed into the wickers 74 , 76 forming a seal.
  • the metal body 70 of the illustrated seal assembly 54 is formed of a corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA), such as a nickel or cobalt alloy.
  • the energizing ring 62 may also comprise a corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA).
  • a swivel seal assembly is presented and represented generally by reference numeral 78 .
  • the swivel seal 78 is provided to seal the annulus 80 between an inner member 82 and an outer member 84 .
  • the inner member 82 and outer member 84 have several seal pads 86 that are used to form seals with the swivel seal assembly 78 .
  • the seal assembly 78 has seal arms 88 that have seal surfaces 90 that are configured to form a seal against the seal pads 86 .
  • the seal surfaces 90 have a metal layer 92 that is used to form the seal with the seal pads 86 .
  • the metal layer 92 may be located on the seal pads 86 , rather than the seal surfaces 90 of the seal assembly 78 .
  • the seal arms 88 are comprised of a corrosion-resistant material, such as a nickel or cobalt alloy.
  • the metal layer 92 also is comprised of a corrosion-resistant material.
  • the illustrated embodiment of the metal layer 92 can be comprised of tantalum.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
US12/203,764 2008-09-03 2008-09-03 Metallic seal for use in highly-corrosive oil and gas environments Abandoned US20100052261A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/203,764 US20100052261A1 (en) 2008-09-03 2008-09-03 Metallic seal for use in highly-corrosive oil and gas environments
GB0914821.4A GB2463144B (en) 2008-09-03 2009-08-26 Metallic seal for use in highly-corrosive oil and gas environments
SG2012014858A SG179428A1 (en) 2008-09-03 2009-09-01 Metallic seal for use in highly- corrosive oil and gas environments
SG200905806-6A SG159487A1 (en) 2008-09-03 2009-09-01 Metallic seal for use in highly-corrosive oil and gas environments
BRPI0903269-0A BRPI0903269B1 (pt) 2008-09-03 2009-09-02 Montagem de vedação para uma montagem de cabeça de poço e método de fabricação de uma vedação

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/203,764 US20100052261A1 (en) 2008-09-03 2008-09-03 Metallic seal for use in highly-corrosive oil and gas environments

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US20100052261A1 true US20100052261A1 (en) 2010-03-04

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US12/203,764 Abandoned US20100052261A1 (en) 2008-09-03 2008-09-03 Metallic seal for use in highly-corrosive oil and gas environments

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BR (1) BRPI0903269B1 (pt)
GB (1) GB2463144B (pt)
SG (2) SG179428A1 (pt)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110095485A1 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-04-28 Smith International, Inc. Metal-to-metal seal with retention device
US20130269942A1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2013-10-17 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method and system for sealing a void in an underground wellbore
US20140131054A1 (en) * 2012-11-15 2014-05-15 Vetco Gray Inc. Slotted metal seal
US20140186207A1 (en) * 2011-06-23 2014-07-03 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University Alloy material in which are dispersed oxygen atoms and a metal element of oxide-particles, and production method for same
CN105156672A (zh) * 2015-09-06 2015-12-16 宝鸡市渭滨区怡鑫金属加工厂 深海石油钻采设备用高性能钛连接密封环及加工方法
US20160076328A1 (en) * 2013-09-19 2016-03-17 Vetco Gray Inc. Seal With Soft Material Inlay
CN113719252A (zh) * 2021-08-28 2021-11-30 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司 一种水下井口连接器复合式金属密封圈
US11713639B2 (en) * 2020-01-21 2023-08-01 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Pressure energized seal with groove profile

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB202106015D0 (en) * 2021-04-27 2021-06-09 Sub Drill Supply Ltd Gasket apparatus and method of forming

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BRPI0903269A2 (pt) 2011-08-30
GB0914821D0 (en) 2009-09-30
GB2463144A (en) 2010-03-10

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