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US20100018668A1 - Co2 based district energy system - Google Patents

Co2 based district energy system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100018668A1
US20100018668A1 US12/526,877 US52687708A US2010018668A1 US 20100018668 A1 US20100018668 A1 US 20100018668A1 US 52687708 A US52687708 A US 52687708A US 2010018668 A1 US2010018668 A1 US 2010018668A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
energy system
pipe
end user
district
district energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/526,877
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Favrat
Céline Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne EPFL
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US12/526,877 priority Critical patent/US20100018668A1/en
Assigned to ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (EPFL) reassignment ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (EPFL) ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FAVRAT, DANIEL, WEBER, CELINE
Publication of US20100018668A1 publication Critical patent/US20100018668A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D7/00—Central heating systems employing heat-transfer fluids not covered by groups F24D1/00 - F24D5/00, e.g. oil, salt or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D10/00—District heating systems
    • F24D10/003—Domestic delivery stations having a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D12/00—Other central heating systems
    • F24D12/02—Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/13—Heat from a district heating network
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/17—District heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to district energy systems which are converting energy and delivering energy services (e.g. heating, hot water, cooling and electricity) to buildings at various locations, using renewable energy sources, as well as waste heat, and making use of synergies between buildings.
  • energy services e.g. heating, hot water, cooling and electricity
  • District energy systems produce steam, hot water or chilled water at a central plant and then pipe that water out to buildings in the district for space heating, domestic hot water heating and air conditioning. Individual buildings don't need their own boilers or furnaces, chillers or air conditioners. A district energy system does that work for them.
  • One object of the present invention is to offer a valuable alternative to existing district energy systems.
  • Another object is to reduce the space required to implement the pipes in the ground or in underground channels.
  • Another object is to solve the safety issues linked with possible leakage problems when implementing water pipes in underground channels including electrical or telecommunication wires.
  • Another object is to enhance the energetic and exergetic efficiencies of district energy systems.
  • Another object is make use of the latent heat of the transfer medium instead of the specific heat.
  • Another object is to have a CO2 “reservoir” from which CO2 can be extracted (fire extinction) or stored (fuel cell).
  • the present invention offers several advantages, in particular:
  • FIGURE schematically represents a district heating/cooling energy system according to the invention.
  • the network comprises two main pipes: one main pipe containing liquid CO 2 (upper pipe in the FIGURE) and one main pipe containing gaseous CO 2 (bottom pipe in the FIGURE). Both pipes are preferably at a similar pressure, advantageously however with a slightly higher pressure in the liquid pipe to avoid the need of a pump when liquid is evaporated for air-conditioning and the vapor directly fed back to the gaseous line.
  • One preferred pressure level is a pressure corresponding to a saturation temperature of CO 2 of 18° C. Lower temperatures, of 15° C. or 16° for instance, may be chosen.
  • the pipes are connected to a heat-exchanger working either as evaporator in heating mode (winter) or as condenser in cooling mode (summer).
  • a set of valves at the central plant couple the evaporator with an expansion valve and a compressor in the heating mode and the condenser with a pump in the cooling mode.
  • the available water can serve as heat source (heating mode) or heat sink (cooling mode).
  • heat source heat source
  • heat sink cooling mode
  • any other heat source such as solar energy, geothermal energy, seasonal heat storage, waste incineration . . . could also be used, directly in the heating mode, or over an absorption chiller in the cooling mode.
  • intermediate small circulation pumps may be implemented along the network.
  • the direction of the flow in the pipes depends on the ratio of the heating (and/or hot water) and cooling (and/or freezing) requirements. If the total heating (and/or hot water) requirements in the district exceed the total cooling (and/or freezing) requirements, the gaseous pipe is the supply pipe and the liquid pipe the return pipe. In this case, the CO 2 is evaporated at the central plant and pumped to the customers. On the other hand, if the total cooling (and/or freezing) requirements in the district exceed the total heating (and/or hot water) requirements, the liquid pipe becomes the supply pipe and the gaseous pipe the return pipe. In this case, the CO 2 is condensed at the central plant before being pumped to the customers.
  • the gaseous CO 2 is compressed according to the specific needs (temperature level) of the building. It then passes through the heat-exchanger where it releases its energy to the building heating network, before being circulated through an expansion turbine (if any mechanical energy can be recovered), an expansion valve and a separator.
  • the liquid phase is sent to the liquid CO 2 pipe.
  • the gaseous phase is directly recirculated to the compressor. If the heating requirements decrease, thus diminishing the needs for CO 2 in the gaseous phase, the gaseous CO 2 can be circulated directly from the separator back to the gaseous CO 2 pipe. This mode is specially advantageous for the hot water preparation.
  • a conventional heat pump can be used as superposed cycle in particular when the heating temperature glide is small and disadvantageous for a supercritical CO 2 cycle.
  • liquid CO 2 is circulated from the liquid pipe, via the heat-exchanger where it is evaporated with the heat coming from the building, to the gaseous pipe. Due to the slight over-pressure in the liquid pipe compared to the gaseous pipe, no pump is required in the cooling mode.
  • liquid CO 2 is circulated over an expansion valve to the heat-exchanger where it serves as heat-sink to the refrigeration network of the building (for industrial refrigeration for instance).
  • the expansion valve can be regulated so as to meet the exact refrigeration temperature required by the building. After the heat-exchanger, the CO 2 is compressed and sent back to the gaseous line.
  • the network can operate as a heat-sink for an ORC (conventional or supercritical) and thereby generate some electricity.
  • geothermal probes can be dug into the soil.
  • geothermal heat could be used to evaporate liquid CO 2 using a heat-pump, and therefore help providing the required CO 2 for heating and hot water purposes.
  • gaseous CO 2 can be liquified (mainly in the nighttime) in order to have enough liquid CO 2 for the air-conditioning during the day.
  • Geothermal energy can also be gained by means of geothermal structures implemented in the foundations of large multi-storey car parks.
  • Unglazed solar collectors mounted on the roof of buildings can help generate gaseous CO 2 .
  • the existing heat-exchanger can be used to liquefy gaseous CO 2 for the daytime air-conditioning.
  • the CO 2 contained in the network can be used for fire extinction purposes if needed.
  • the network can be used to collect and transport CO 2 from fuel cell or other decentralized cogeneration units.
  • the operating modes described above can also be combined.
  • the heating and air-conditioning modes can be combined at the customer's place.
  • this system directly transfers the energy from the evaporator (air-conditioning) to the heat-exchanger (heating and/or hot water) or vice-versa via the CO 2 .
  • the CO 2 that cannot be reused internally at the customer's place is circulated via the heating/cooling plant.
  • the gaseous CO 2 is compressed according to the specific needs (temperature level) of the building, as described above (point 1 ).
  • the liquid can be circulated directly to the evaporator together with any additional liquid CO 2 from the pipe of the network, if cooling is required in the building.
  • the vapor on the other hand either flows back to the compressor, or, if the heating (and/or hot water) requirements decrease, to the gaseous pipe.
  • the CO 2 evaporated in the evaporator (cooling mode) can be circulated to the compressor for heating (and/or hot water) requirements, via a separator to insure the vapor quality, or back to the gaseous pipe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US12/526,877 2007-02-19 2008-02-16 Co2 based district energy system Abandoned US20100018668A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/526,877 US20100018668A1 (en) 2007-02-19 2008-02-16 Co2 based district energy system

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US89050107P 2007-02-19 2007-02-19
PCT/IB2008/050573 WO2008102292A2 (fr) 2007-02-19 2008-02-16 Système d'énergie de quartier à base de co2
US12/526,877 US20100018668A1 (en) 2007-02-19 2008-02-16 Co2 based district energy system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100018668A1 true US20100018668A1 (en) 2010-01-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/526,877 Abandoned US20100018668A1 (en) 2007-02-19 2008-02-16 Co2 based district energy system

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20100018668A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2122257B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008102292A2 (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013115286A1 (fr) * 2012-01-31 2013-08-08 株式会社日立製作所 Dispositif de gestion de réseau régional d'alimentation en énergie thermique
WO2013144473A1 (fr) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 IFP Energies Nouvelles Methode de mutualisation de l'energie thermique et systeme de boucle d'echange thermique entre sites industriels et tertiaires
US20130298593A1 (en) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-14 Hill Phoenix, Inc. Co2 refrigeration system with integrated air conditioning module
KR101531159B1 (ko) * 2014-07-04 2015-06-25 한국에너지기술연구원 저압 운전압력을 갖는 co2 지역 에너지 공급설비
US20170030590A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2017-02-02 Vito Broad band district heating and cooling system
JP2018533715A (ja) * 2015-11-04 2018-11-15 エー．オン、スベリゲ、アクチボラグＥ．ＯＮ Ｓｖｅｒｉｇｅ Ａｋｔｉｅｂｏｌａｇ 地域熱エネルギー配給システム
JP2018536829A (ja) * 2015-11-04 2018-12-13 エー．オン、スベリゲ、アクチボラグＥ．ＯＮ Ｓｖｅｒｉｇｅ Ａｋｔｉｅｂｏｌａｇ 地域熱エネルギー配給システムのための局所熱エネルギー消費器アセンブリおよび局所熱エネルギー発生器アセンブリ
US10859275B2 (en) * 2007-01-26 2020-12-08 Thermodynamic Process Control, Llc Modulation control of hydronic systems
CN112378125A (zh) * 2020-11-16 2021-02-19 浙江省海洋科学院 一种热泵式海水处理系统
JP2022554142A (ja) * 2019-10-25 2022-12-28 エム．イー．ディー． エナジー インコーポレイテッド 水と二酸化炭素を利用する熱エネルギー伝送方法
US20230029186A1 (en) * 2019-10-25 2023-01-26 M.E.D. Energy Inc. Method for thermal energy transmission using water and carbon dioxide
US20230039702A1 (en) * 2020-01-10 2023-02-09 Exergo Sa Methods and Systems for District Energy CO2 Support
US11578882B2 (en) * 2016-07-07 2023-02-14 E. ON Sverige AB Combined heating and cooling system
US11698207B2 (en) 2018-07-31 2023-07-11 His Majesty The King In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources Single-pipe thermal energy system
WO2024038368A1 (fr) * 2022-08-15 2024-02-22 Exergo Sa Réseau thermique à trois tuyaux
WO2024091187A1 (fr) * 2022-10-28 2024-05-02 Dravske Elektrarne Maribor D.O.O. Dispositif et procédé de production d'énergie thermique et/ou électrique avec un caloduc gravitationnel géothermique

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FR2928444A1 (fr) * 2007-09-20 2009-09-11 Jean Samuel Gotlibowicz Boucle ecologique de recyclage d'energie
EP2182296A3 (fr) * 2008-10-28 2014-02-19 Oilon Scancool Oy Réseau de chauffage urbain et procédé
JP2012530237A (ja) * 2009-06-16 2012-11-29 ディーイーシー デザイン メカニカル コンサルタンツ リミテッド 地域エネルギー共有システム
KR101549657B1 (ko) * 2013-11-08 2015-09-03 한국에너지기술연구원 지역난방 네트워크 간의 열교환 제어 시스템 및 그 방법
GB2522025B (en) * 2014-01-09 2016-07-20 Greenfield Master Ipco Ltd Thermal Energy Network
NL2012338B1 (nl) * 2014-02-28 2015-10-27 Liandon B V Warmtedistributiesysteem en werkwijze.
CH712646B1 (fr) * 2016-07-04 2023-02-28 Geinoz Francois Ignace Dispositif de distribution d'énergie thermique en réseau pour alimenter un site urbain et/ou industriel.
EP3267118A1 (fr) 2016-07-07 2018-01-10 E.ON Sverige AB Système de chauffage
CH712665B1 (fr) * 2016-07-13 2023-02-28 Geinoz Francois Ignace Dispositif de distribution d'énergie thermique pour site urbain ou industriel.
EP3273169A1 (fr) * 2016-07-19 2018-01-24 E.ON Sverige AB Système de transfert thermique
CH712934B1 (fr) * 2016-09-16 2023-02-28 Geinoz Francois Ignace Réseau urbain d'échange thermique.
EP3296647A1 (fr) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-21 E.ON Sverige AB Systèmes de distribution d'énergie
EP3399246A1 (fr) 2017-05-02 2018-11-07 E.ON Sverige AB Système de chauffage urbain et procédé de fourniture de travail mécanique et de chauffage de fluide de transfert de chaleur d'un système de chauffage urbain
EP3505833A1 (fr) * 2017-12-27 2019-07-03 Brunnshög Energi AB Procédé permettant d'améliorer l'utilisation de réseaux d'énergie
EP4019853B1 (fr) * 2020-12-22 2025-04-30 E.ON Sverige AB Dispositif d'équilibrage d'énergie thermique
EP4403835A1 (fr) * 2023-01-20 2024-07-24 Wise Open Foundation Système et procédé de transport et de distribution d'énergie
US20260029134A1 (en) * 2024-07-23 2026-01-29 Carsten Bücker Integrated thermal management system

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US20100187320A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-07-29 Southwick Kenneth J Methods and systems for recovering and redistributing heat

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2519967A (en) * 1944-08-22 1950-08-22 Charles L Jones Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
DE2649726A1 (de) * 1976-10-29 1978-05-03 Alefeld Georg Verfahren zum transport von abwaerme
US6748754B2 (en) * 2002-03-13 2004-06-15 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Multistage rotary compressor and refrigeration circuit system
US20080256974A1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2008-10-23 Carrier Commercial Refrigeration, Inc. Condensate Heat Transfer for Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Refrigeration System
US20100187320A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-07-29 Southwick Kenneth J Methods and systems for recovering and redistributing heat

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10859275B2 (en) * 2007-01-26 2020-12-08 Thermodynamic Process Control, Llc Modulation control of hydronic systems
JP2013155988A (ja) * 2012-01-31 2013-08-15 Hitachi Ltd 地域熱エネルギー供給網の制御装置
WO2013115286A1 (fr) * 2012-01-31 2013-08-08 株式会社日立製作所 Dispositif de gestion de réseau régional d'alimentation en énergie thermique
WO2013144473A1 (fr) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 IFP Energies Nouvelles Methode de mutualisation de l'energie thermique et systeme de boucle d'echange thermique entre sites industriels et tertiaires
FR2988814A1 (fr) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-04 IFP Energies Nouvelles Methode de mutualisation de l'energie thermique et systeme de boucle d'echange thermique entre sites industriels et tertiaires
US20130298593A1 (en) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-14 Hill Phoenix, Inc. Co2 refrigeration system with integrated air conditioning module
US9689590B2 (en) * 2012-05-11 2017-06-27 Hill Phoenix, Inc. CO2 refrigeration system with integrated air conditioning module
US20170030590A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2017-02-02 Vito Broad band district heating and cooling system
US10883728B2 (en) * 2014-04-22 2021-01-05 Vito Broad band district heating and cooling system
KR101531159B1 (ko) * 2014-07-04 2015-06-25 한국에너지기술연구원 저압 운전압력을 갖는 co2 지역 에너지 공급설비
JP2018533715A (ja) * 2015-11-04 2018-11-15 エー．オン、スベリゲ、アクチボラグＥ．ＯＮ Ｓｖｅｒｉｇｅ Ａｋｔｉｅｂｏｌａｇ 地域熱エネルギー配給システム
JP2018536829A (ja) * 2015-11-04 2018-12-13 エー．オン、スベリゲ、アクチボラグＥ．ＯＮ Ｓｖｅｒｉｇｅ Ａｋｔｉｅｂｏｌａｇ 地域熱エネルギー配給システムのための局所熱エネルギー消費器アセンブリおよび局所熱エネルギー発生器アセンブリ
US11578882B2 (en) * 2016-07-07 2023-02-14 E. ON Sverige AB Combined heating and cooling system
CN116221802A (zh) * 2016-07-07 2023-06-06 瑞典意昂公司 组合的加热和冷却系统
US11698207B2 (en) 2018-07-31 2023-07-11 His Majesty The King In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources Single-pipe thermal energy system
JP2022554142A (ja) * 2019-10-25 2022-12-28 エム．イー．ディー． エナジー インコーポレイテッド 水と二酸化炭素を利用する熱エネルギー伝送方法
US20230029186A1 (en) * 2019-10-25 2023-01-26 M.E.D. Energy Inc. Method for thermal energy transmission using water and carbon dioxide
US11719469B2 (en) * 2019-10-25 2023-08-08 M.E.D. Energy Inc. Method for thermal energy transmission using water and carbon dioxide
US20230039702A1 (en) * 2020-01-10 2023-02-09 Exergo Sa Methods and Systems for District Energy CO2 Support
US11965659B2 (en) * 2020-01-10 2024-04-23 Exergo Sa Methods and systems for district energy CO2 support
CN112378125A (zh) * 2020-11-16 2021-02-19 浙江省海洋科学院 一种热泵式海水处理系统
WO2024038368A1 (fr) * 2022-08-15 2024-02-22 Exergo Sa Réseau thermique à trois tuyaux
WO2024091187A1 (fr) * 2022-10-28 2024-05-02 Dravske Elektrarne Maribor D.O.O. Dispositif et procédé de production d'énergie thermique et/ou électrique avec un caloduc gravitationnel géothermique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008102292A2 (fr) 2008-08-28
EP2122257A2 (fr) 2009-11-25
WO2008102292A3 (fr) 2008-11-27
EP2122257B1 (fr) 2017-04-26

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